Han Dynasty, 206 B.C.E.-220 C.E.

Han Dynasty, 206 B.C.E.-220 C.E.

“People of the Han” original Chinese Paper invented [105 B.C.E.] Silk Road trade develops; improves life for

man Civil service system

bureaucrats Confucian scholar-gentry

Buddhism introduced into China Expanded into Central Asia

Liu PangLiu Pang

1. Defeats rival leaders and sets up the Han Dynasty

2. Eased Legalism (ex); Promoted Confucianism (ex)

3. New Title: Han Gaozu: “Exalted Emperor of the Han”

Emperor Wudi Martial Emperor

141-87 B.C.E.

Emperor Wudi Martial Emperor

141-87 B.C.E. Started public schools.

Colonized Manchuria, Korea, & Vietnam.

Set up tributary states Soldiers, traders,

settlers: spread Chinese influence

Revival of Chinese landscape painting.

III. Han DynastyIII. Han Dynasty

Economy & Trade… established by Wudi1. Roads & Canals2. Granaries for storage3. Govt monopoly on iron & salt

industries4. Silk Road (map)5. Improved textile, water mill, steel,

papermaking,and shipping industries6. Infrastructure/ Inventions/

Industries: expansion of trade

III. Han DynastyIII. Han Dynasty

D. Confucian Bureaucracy1. Scholar-Officials [Scholar-Gentry]

*Official belief system… well educated scholars ran bureaucracy… ideal gentleman

2. Civil Service System* Officials in the govt: based on merit…

civil service exams… [Sui] Five Classics

**See chart onsocial classes

III. Han DynastyIII. Han Dynasty

E. The Fall of the Han*Expansion helped to strengthen Han but also led to its decline1. Political: Warlords… tribute… sinicization

* spread Chinese language, customs, culture2. Economic

*Yellow Turban Revolt3. Military: 220 AD warlords defeat last of Han 4. Social: corruption, self-indulgence

III. Han DynastyIII. Han Dynasty

F. Achievements of the Han Golden Age*Classical civilization… Han China made such advances in so many fields, Chinese later called themselves “the people of Han”

1. Science & Mathematics* Chemistry, zoology, botany, other sciences* Astronomy: stars, planets; improved calendars* Diagnosed diseases, developed anesthetics & herbal remedies* Acupuncture

III. Han DynastyIII. Han Dynasty

F. Achievements2. Technology & Farming

*Inventions: paper (wood pulp); bronze & iron stirrups, fishing reels, wheelbarrows, suspension bridges

* Advances in shipbuilding: rudder* Reach Europe hundreds of years

later

Han – Roman Empire Connection

Han – Roman Empire Connection

Chang’an

The Han Capital

Chang’an

The Han Capital

Liu Sheng Tomb (d. 113 BCE)

Liu Sheng Tomb (d. 113 BCE)

His jade suit has 2498 pieces!

Han ArtifactsHan Artifacts

Imperial Imperial SealSeal

Han Ceramic Han Ceramic HouseHouse

Ceramics, Later Han Period

Ceramics, Later Han Period

Trade Routes of the Ancient World

Trade Routes of the Ancient World

Multi-Cultural Faces -- People Along the Silk

Road

Multi-Cultural Faces -- People Along the Silk

Road

III. Han DynastyIII. Han Dynasty

F. Achievements of Han3. Arts

*Temples, palaces, parks* Jade and ivory carvings*Ceramic figures* Bronze work and silk makers

III. Han DynastyIII. Han Dynasty

G. Buddhism in China (approx: 100—400AD)1. Missionaries/Merchants: spread Mahayana B2. Chinese not accept at first…

* Family v. solitary life

3. Popular in times of difficulties* Eternal happiness… escape from suffering…

mercy

4. Dao/Confucianism: not address salvation5. Monasteries: centers of learning/arts6. MB: absorb Confucian/Dao traditions… filial piety