halogen free cables for nuclear power plants fall 2007 meetin scottsdale - l. von laue(nexans) :...

IEEE-ICC Fall 2007 meetin Scottsdale - L. von Laue(Nexans) : Halogen Free Cables for Nuclear Power Plants1

Lukas VON LAUE

Technical contact:

Lukas von Laue

Nexans France

41 rue Maurice Gorse

F-18100 Mehun-sur-Yèvre

France [email protected]

Halogen Free Cables for Nuclear Power Plants

Commercial contact:

Tristan Cerosky

Nexans France

4-10 rue Mozart

F 92587 Clichy France

[email protected]

IEEE/ICC Fall 2007 meeting Scottsdale (Arizona)

Educational Session


Abstract

Halogen free or FRNC (Fire Retardant Non Corrosive) NPP qualified cables according to Canadian, US and international specifications have been successfully used since many years in NPPs, mainly in Asia and Europe.

In case of fire, the major advantages of FRNC cables over halogen containing cables are to avoid the corrosive and toxic hydrochloric acid and dense black smoke. This allows easier fire

fighting (visibility, toxicity) and limits corrosion damage on metallic material in the vicinity of the fire.

Experience and technical properties with this proven and well established technology shall be reported, regarding the full cable range of NPP cables (power (LV&MV), control, instrument and others).


Outline

Introduction

Nexans NPP cable experience with

Halogen Free (FRNC) cables

Review FRNC NPP cable properties

Fire properties

General properties

Nuclear typical properties:Lifetime, Radiation, Loca resistance

Nexans Nuclear CableQualifications

Conclusion


Advantages in case of fire ?

1) Not fire propagating

2) Low Smoke

3) Low Toxicity

4) Low Corrosivity

These cables are different. Difficult to use ?

Properties ?

Experience feedback ?

Introduction –

Questions to answer

FRNC means Fire Retardant Non Corrosive

Synonyms :

HFFR (Halogen Free Fire Retardant)

ZH (Zero Halogene)

Why Halogen Free cables ?


Daya Bay (left) and Ling Ao 1+2 (behind) close to Hong Kong, China, Areva PWR Nexans FRNC cables 1991-1993 (DB) and 1999-2001(LA)


Chooz, North East of France, Areva PWR - Nexans FRNC cables 1995


Qinshan III, next to Shanghai, China, Candu from AECL (CAN),

FRNC cables from Nexans 1999 - 2002


TIANWAN 1 & 2, North

of Shanghai, China,

VVER from Russia

K2, K1 and K0 FRNC cables from Nexans 2002-

2005

K3 FRNC

cables from Chinese supplier


Lungmen 1&2, Taiwan, BWR from GE (USA)

FRNC Power and control cables from Nexans 2004-

2006


Cernavoda 2, Romania Candu from AECL (CAN)

FRNC cables from Nexans 2003 - 2006


Ling Ao 3+4 China, Areva copy PWR

FRNC K1cables and K3 power cables from Nexans 2007 - 2009

Other FRNC K3 and NC cables from Chinese suppliers


Oulkiluoto 3, Finland, EPR Areva

FRNC cables specified


Flammenville 3, Normandie, France, EPR Areva

FRNC specified


Sanmen 1+2, South of Shanghai, China Westinghouse AP1000

Hongyanhe 1-6, North of China, PWR Areva copy

FRNC cables specified


Yiangjiang, South of China, probably Areva type


Nexans supplied NPP cables since

1975 Halogen Free / FRNC since 1991

France : latest NPP with FRNC, before halogenated

Russia : Kalinine in 1995 and 2003

Czech Republic : Temelin & Dukovany

Ukraine : Khmelnitsky, Zaporozhe & South-Ukraine

Slovaquia : Bohunice

Bulgaria : Kozloduy

Romania : Cernavoda 1 and 2 (Candu)

China : Daya Bay 1+2 and Ling Ao 1+2, Tianwan 1+2,Qinshan III (Candu), Qinshan II 3+4, Ling Ao 3+4

Taiwan : Lungmen (GE-BWR)


Fire properties of FRNC cables


Fire

Properties

: 1) Non propatation of fire

IEC 60332-3

Test on bunched cablesHigh performances of Halogen Free and Fire Retardant Cables Temperature: approx. 800 °C Cat A: 7l/m of burning material Cat

B: 3.5l/m

Cat

C: 1.5l/m

Test durationCat A: 40 mn Cat B: 40 mnCat C: 20 mnResults: no burning over 2.5m height from the burner.


What is this?What is this?

Footprints after the airport fire Footprints after the airport fire in Din Düüsseldorf 1996sseldorf 1996

Smoke and combustion gases go everywhere⇒ Bad visibility for evacuation and fire fighting⇒ Dirt and acid deposition everywhere

⇒ metal corrosion everywhere


Underground fire Korea 2/2003 Cable with bad smoke performance

Fire Properties

: 2) Smoke


Smoke Emission ASTM E662 / NES 711

Famous NBS chamber :

Smoke density measured on compound plates

With or without flame

Dm and VOF4 values

Very low smoke thanks to Halogen Free material


Smoke Emission

IEC 61034-1 / IEC 61034-2

Cable burnt in 3m x 3m x 3m chamber

Measurement of light transmittance

Smoke opacity very low thanks to Halogen Free material

Low smoke = easier evacuation

and easier fire fighting


Fire Properties

:

3) Toxicity

Toxicity ponderation IEC 60684-2 and NES 713(scaled for CO = 1)

0,04

1,00

5,33

5,33

8,00

8,00

10,00

10,00

16,00

16,00

26,67

26,67

40,00

160,00

0,01 0,1 1 10 100 1000

Carbon dioxide

Carbon monoxide

Hydrogen sulphide

Ammonia

Formaldehyde

Hydrogen chloride

Acrylonitrile

Sulphur dioxide

Nitrogen oxides

Phenol

Hydrogen cyanide

Hydrogen bromide

Hydrogen fluoride

Phosgene

Comparison of 30 min. lethaldoses for men in ppm

Inverse of dose = pondera-tion factor for toxicity index

We see:

HCl

gas is 8 times as toxic as CO.

HF gas is 40 times as toxic as CO.

For clean fire conditions, halogens, sulfur and nitrogen containing material should be avoided.

⇒

Nexans FRNC material has very low toxicity index


Gases

& Smoke Toxicity NFX 70100

NES 713

IEC 60684-2

quantitative analysis of different toxic combustion gases produced by the material

Ponderated addition (according to toxicity) of these quantities

⇒ Toxicity index

Fire Properties

: 3) Toxicity


Halogen free cable in fire means:No HCl gas production

Avoid hydrochloric acid formation

Avoid corrosion on metallic equipment(metallic structures, conducts and pipes,engines, electronics, … )

Fire Properties

: 4) Corrosivity


Corrosivity of combustion gas

IEC 60754 -1 &

IEC 60754 -2

Material combustion in oven

Combustion gases trapped in water

Measurement ofacid quantity,pH and Conductivity

FRNC cables : HCl acid gases < 0,5%pH > 4,3conductivity < 10μS/mm

Fire Properties

: 4) Corrosivity

(Reminder : 1 kG

of PVC burnt produces about 2 liter of Hydrochloric Acid of “Xi”

concentration)


He says it is only a cabling problem


Low

Voltage Cables Examples

of cable

constructions and

Standards references

Low

Voltage1. ConductorIEC 60228ASTME B3, B8

3. Halogen

Free Low

Voltage InsulationIEC 60502 -

1 types EPR & HEPRIEC 60502 -

1 types XLPEIEC 60092-351 type HF EPRIECA S-68-516 type EPR

6. Fire

retardant Halogen

FreeInner

Sheath

7. Fire

Retardant Halogen

Free Outer

Sheath:IEC 60092-359 type SHF1IEC 60502 -

1 types ST8ICEA T-33-655 types thermoset

I & IICSA 22.2 n°38BTS 74 C 068

7 6 3 1

General

properties


Medium

Voltage Cables Examples

of cable

constructions and

Standards

references

Medium

Voltage

1. ConductorIEC 60228ASTME B3, B8

2. Halogen

Free Medium


2 types EPR & HEPRIEC 60092-351 type HF EPRICEA S-68-516 type EPRICEA S-94-649 / AEIC CS 6/8

4. Medium

Voltage semi conducting

&metallic

screensIEC 60502 ICEA S-94-649 / AEIC CS 6/8

6. Fire

retardant Halogen

Free Inner

Sheath

7. Fire

Retardant Halogen

Free Outer



I & IICSA 22.2 n°38BTS 74 C 068

12467

General

properties


Control & Instrumentation Cables: Examples

of cable

constructions and

Standards references

Control & Instrumentation1. ConductorIEC 60228ASTME B3, B8

3. Halogen

Free Low


1 types EPR & HEPRIEC 60502 -

1 types XLPEIEC 60092-351 type HF EPRIECA S-68-516 type EPR

5. Instrumentation cable

Screen

6. Fire

retardant Halogen

Free Inner Sheath

7. Fire

Retardant Halogen

Free Outer



I & IICSA 22.2 n°38BTS 74 C 068

7 5 3 165

General properties


NPP Cables Qualifications

General Performances according to: International and/or National standardsIECNF, BS, CSA, ASTM, ICEA, etc…BTS from EDF (Electricité de France)

Specific Nuclear Performances according to: IEEE 323 (NPP Electric Equipments)IEEE 383 (NPP Electric Cables)BTS and RCC-E EDF(Electricité de France)

+ specific engineering requirements

IEEE: Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (USA)IEEE 323 and 383: Nuclear Power Engineering Committee of IEEEBTS : Book of Technical SpecificationsRCC-E : Construction and conception rules for electrical material in nuclear islands


- To simulate the cables qualified life- Arrhenius methodologyThermal Aging1

- To simulate the cables qualified life normal and accident irradiationRadiation Aging2

- To simulate the most severe postulated conditions of a design basis event and specified conditions of installation

Test design Basis event3

The type testing for design basis event conditions shall involve both aged and non aged samples

2 scenariis because the design basis eventmay occur at any time

+ +

+

1 2 3

2 3

IEEE Standard 383 for Type Test of Class 1E Electric cables

Nuclear typical properties


Specification Thermal AgingSimulation

RadiationExposure

Extreme accidentSimulation

conditions

1992 EDF135°C - 950 hours

850 kGy

(85 MRads)156°C - 560 kPa

1997 –

1998Temelin

135°C - 336 hours

(40 years at 60°C)

387 kGy

(38,7 MRads)150°C - 467 kPa

1999 Qinshanphase 3

140°C - 798 hours

(40 years at 90°C)

1025 kGy

(102,5 MRads)155°C - 440 kPa

2000 Huber& Suhner 137°C - 336 hours

2000 kGy

(200 MRads)171°C - 650 kPa

NPP cable Qualification Examples (1)


Specification Thermal AgingSimulation

RadiationExposure

Extreme accidentSimulation

conditions

2001 –

2003 Tianwan K0140°C - 775 hours

(40 years at 90°C)

1000 kGy

(100 MRads)250°C - 700 kPa

2003 –

2004 Cernavoda (40 years at 90°C)1000 kGy

(100 MRads)150°C - 140 kPa

2003 –

2004 Lungmen (40 years at 90°C)2000 kGy

(200 MRads)171°C - 310 kPa

2004 –

2007 EDF 135°C – 240 hours(60 years)

850 kGy 156°C - 560 kPa

NPP cable Qualification Examples (2)


To simulate the cables qualified

life.

Arrhenius methodology

According

to:

• ANSI/IEEE 101

• IEC 60216

1) Thermal Aging



Arrhenius ageing

test NPP sheath material

sheating compound at 180°C - 165°C - 150°C - 135°C

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

1 10 100 1000 10000

time (hours)

elon

gatio

n at

bre

ak [%

]


Arrhenius ageing test NPP sheath material

Experimental :• Measured quantity : elongation at break according to IEC60811 -1-1• Ageing conditions : hot ai r oven according to IEC60811 -1-2• Endpoint criteria : 50 % of initial elongation at break

Time for 50 % of initial elongation at breakTest temperature

Inverse absolute

temperature Min. estimate Max. estimate Median time [°C] [1/K] [hours] [hours] [hours] [days]135 2,450E-3 6520 9200 8160 340150 2,363E-3 2080 2510 2270 95165 2,282E-3 520 620 570 24180 2,207E-3 162 189 188 8

Fit results of median time values to Arrhenius law : • Activation energy : Ea = 1,348 eV or 130,1 kJ/mol• Correlation coefficient o f linear fit : R² = 0,9991


Arrhenius lifetime test

1,0E+02

1,0E+03

1,0E+04

1,0E+05

1,0E+06

1,0E+07

0,0022 0,0024 0,0026 0,0028 0,003

inverse temperature [1/K]

time

for e

ndpo

int c

riter

ia [h

]

experimentalpointsfit curve

95% confidencelimits

100 y50 y

10 y5 y

1 y0,5 y

lifetime [years]

Nexans NPP K1 sheath material

160 140 120 100 80

temperature [°C]

Followed by:

Complete cable test according to IEEE 383

•

Electric evaluation after bending

=> 40 or 60 years expected lifetime

Lifetime [years]Tempe-rature[°C]

95% confi-dence limit

upper lower

Pre-diction

70 1634 1133 133475 848 589 69380 448 312 36785 241 168 19890 132 92 10895 73 51 60100 41 29 34


2) Gamma radiation

Nexans Cable

Gamma radiation Aging (from Cobalt 60)

To simulate the cable qualified life normal and accident irradiationLABRA (CEA Saclay Facilities)



To simulate the most severe postulated conditions of a design basis event - thermo dynamical shocks)

Different equipments at disposal

3) Loss

of Coolant

Accident SimulationNuclear typical properties

Accident scenarios are plant and engineering specific.

Many different scenarios have been tested


Nuclear typicalproperties 3) Loss

of Coolant

Accident Simulation

EDF (Electricité

de France) LOCA curve

(from

RCC-E)


Tir Nexans K0

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

1,00E+00 5,00E+04 1,00E+05 1,50E+05 2,00E+05 2,50E+05

Temps (sec)

Tem

péra

ture

(°C

)

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

Pres

sion

(bar

)

Temperature and Pressure conditions Example


Conclusion 1

Nexans

FRNC cables 1E & non1E are

the

Best Choice for NPP’s

cabling

Used Inside and Outside NPP’s containment

Fitted to 40/60 years life time

Fire retardant

No corrosivity - No toxicity – No smoke

Qualification according to many standards

Radiation resistance up to 2.106 Gy (200 Mrads)


Conclusion 2

Nexans

has been chosen by many Utilities, thank

to:

its high quality and performance of electrical cables for Nuclear Power Plants,

its broad experience all over the World regarding multiple types of Nuclear Power Plants

its efficient Service and its Reliability


Thank you for your attention

halogen free cables for nuclear power plants fall 2007 meetin scottsdale - l. von laue(nexans) :...

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