Haitian RevolutionWarm-up: Explain the picture below

Haitian RevolutionThe Haitian Revolution (1791–1803) period of violent conflict in the French colony of

Saint-Domingue, leading to the elimination of slavery and the establishment of Haiti as the first republic ruled by people of African ancestry.

Significance: Out of hundreds in the New World, only the Haitian Revolt was successful in achieving permanent freedom.

Context: Europeans desired wealth in SUGAR.  Sugar was traded by plantations for provisions from North America and manufactured goods from Europe.

French created irrigation systems = Haiti main supplier of the world's sugar (40% of all sugar in the world). Sugar production depended on enslaved Africans.

Don’t Copy Just Read information below:Caste system: white landowners "blancs" -> the free blacks (usually mixed-race, known as mulattoes) ->third group, outnumbering the others by a ratio of ten to one, was made up of mostly African-born slaves. The slave population on the island totaled almost half of the one million slaves in the Caribbean. The death rate in the Caribbean exceeded the birth rate, so imports of enslaved Africans continued.

Haitian RevolutionDON'T COPY: In France, the National Assembly published the Declaration of the Rights of Man on 26 August 1789, declaring all men free and equal. The French Revolution shaped the course of the conflict in Saint-Dominque. Rich European planters, who had resented France's limitations on the island's foreign trade, wanted independence from France. The Africans mostly opposed the French Revolution and wanted to ally with Britain. The Africans knew that if Saint-Domingue's independence were to be led by white slave masters, it would probably mean even harsher treatment and increased injustice for the slaves.

COPY:1791 Slave Rebellion - the slaves revolted, under the leadership of Toussaint L’Ouverture, plunged into civil war, and won a year later by becoming military allies with Spain and Britain. (remember France at war with Britain)

Outome:French National Convention abolished slavery and granted civil and political rights to all black men in the colonies in 1794.

Haiti = 1st independent nation in Latin America

The only nation whose independence was gained as part of a successful slave rebellion.

Video Questions:1.What were the French revolutionary ideas that Toussaint desired for a free Haiti?2. How does the success of the Haitian revolution help the United States?3. Why is Toussaint called the “Black George Washington”?4. What was Toussaint’s past, before becoming leader of Haiti?5. Who ordered an attack on Haiti once the revolt began?6. Slavery is said to be a “moral and physical violence” how so? What happens to identity?7. What do newly free slaves gain after Haiti’s independence?

Haitian Revolution