AP World History

Chapter 29

HAITIAN & LATIN AMERICAN REVOLUTIONS

TEST IS FRIDAY

COMPARE & CONTRAST THE OUTCOMES OF FRENCH & AMERICAN REVOLUTIONS

Outcomes France USA

Outcomes Monarchy-Louis XVIII Federal Republic

Important Documents Declaration of the Rights of Man Constitution/ Bill of Rights

Causes -social inequality-financial crisis

-taxes-”No taxation without representation”

Radical• Guillotine• De-Christianization

Much more conservative

REMINDERS• I/O Circle Tomorrow

• Essay due Friday ( see wiki)

• DBQ Wed

• Thursday Review Day

• Friday Chapter 29 test

16c-18c: New Ideas Brewing in Europe

Inspiration of American & French Revolutions

Declaration of Independence, 1776

Declaration of the Rights of Man & of the Citizen, 1789

EnlightenmentThinkers

European Empires: 1660s

Latin American Revolutions!

• Saint Domingue was a French colony ( sugar &coffee plantations) produced 40 % of worlds sugar

• 90% of population were slaves working under brutal conditions

• 40,000 whites, 30,000 gens couleur, 500,000 black slaves

BACKGROUND

• Gens de couleur- free people of color as well as mulattoes

• Maroons- escaped slaves

TERMS TO KNOW-

• Boukman- Voudou priest, led 12,000 slaves in rebellion killed white settlers, burned their homes, destroyed plantations

REVOLUTIONARY LEADERS

Toussaint L’OuvetureLeads a Revolution

in Haiti(1804)

• Former slave

• Skilled organizer, and military commander, wrote constitution 1801

• In 1802 he was captured , then died in French prison

TOUSSAINT-LOUVERTURE 1744-1803 “BLACK GEORGE WASHINGTON”

• Only successful slave rebellion in history !

• In 1804 Haiti was declared independent ( the 1st republic in Latin America)

• US did not recognize the new republic

OUTCOMES OF HAITIAN REVOLUTION

• Inspired by the Enlightenment

• Tensions between Creoles & peninsulares

• Napoleon invaded Europe causing confusion and & opportunity to rebel

CAUSES OF LATIN AMERICAN WARS OF INDEPENDENCE

Napoleon on the March

Provides a model & a diversion!

Simón Bolivar: The Latin American George Washington”

Creole who was inspired by Enlightenment

Led military campaigns against Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru

Tried to unify S. America into Gran Colombia

Bolivar’s Accomplishment

The Caribbean:An “American Lake”

EFFECTS OF LATIN AMERICAN WARS OF INDEPENDENCE

• Free from Spain by 1825

• Power continued to be in the hands of Elite( caudillos, Creoles, military leaders)

• “More independence than freedom”

THE FIRST SUCCESSFUL REVOLUTION IN THE CARIBBEAN AND SOUTH AMERICA WAS LAUNCHED IN:

A. Haiti

B. Argentina

C. Cuba

D. Colombia

E. Jamaica

IN LEADING THE REVOLUTIONS OF SOUTH AMERICA, SIMON BOLIVAR ADVOCATEDA. that Spanish colonial rule be replaced with an indigenous monarchy

B. that ethnic nationalism be the basis of the new states

C. the popular sovereignty

D. the abolition of slavery and full male suffrage

E. all of the above

REVOLUTIONS IN LATIN AMERICA WERE FREQUENTLY A POWER STRUGGLE BETWEEN WHAT TWO GROUPS?A. masters and slaves

B. peninsulares and creoles

C. European and indigenous peoples

D. Europeans and mestizos

E. colonial militias and European mercenaries

IN LATIN AMERICA, LEADERS WHO WERE CALLED CAUDILLOS

A. were those most sympathetic to the old regimes

B. ruled without the cooperation of the church

C. were personalist leaders who held power without constitutional sanction

D. were chosen by popular election

E. were the sons of rich industrialists