h2o voltage

8/2/2019 H2O Voltage

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Virginia S. Claudio


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Next to oxygen, water is absolutely

essential to stay alive. A person cannot

stay alive after a few days without water.

If about 20% of body water is lost, death

results. Water is often taken for granted

by the body; it is the number one nutrient. It is a combination of 2 atoms of

hydrogen and oxygen(H.O.O) or usually

written as water.


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Water accounts for about 60% to 65% of

body weight for a normal adult. For a

150lb man, 90 lbs is water, 30 lbs is fat,30 lbs for the rest; protein, carbohydrate,

vitamins and minerals.

A typical normal adult has about 45%liters of water, of which two thirds is

found inside the cells called intracellular

fluids(ICF) , and one thirds is foundoutside of the cells called

extracellular(ECF).


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The latter is composed of the blood or

intravascular fluid(about 3 liters) andthe intestinal fluids(about 12liters).


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A universal solvent.It serves as the transport and

medium for many biological

reactions especially digestion,absorption and circulation.

All of the chemical reactions requirewater.

Vital component of every cell, organ

and tissue of the body.


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Lubricant of the joints and the viscera in

the abdominal cavity.It also regulates body temperature.

Water acts as a shock absorber inside the

spinal cords and amniotic sac.

Source of three minerals such as flourine,

calcium, magnesium and copper.Source of toxic elements such as a lead,

cadmium etc.


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Amount of water taken in must be equal

to the amount of water output, for a

person to be a metabolic equilibrium.

Fluid intake is controlled by thirst.

Water is available through more efficient

conservation of water from the kidneysand intestines.

Fluid intake is approximately equal to the

urine output.


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Amount of the water needed by the body

may be met by a direct intake of water

coming from water ingested as such, and

for water bound with foods.

Water is produced inside the body, calledmetabolic water.


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Water produced as an end-product of

metabolism, amounts to approximately 10

to 14gm per 100 cal.

Water is immediately absorbed from the

digestive tract into the blood and lymph.


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Intake Output

Drinks 950-1200 ml Kidney(urine) 950-1400 ml

Water in food 700-1000 ml Stool(water in

feces)

100 ml

Water of

oxidation

200-1000 ml Perspiration 500-700 ml

Lungs(expired

air)

300 ml

Totas 1850-2500 ml 1850-2500 ml


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Food % Water

Cucumber, kondol 96.0

Melons, squash, papaya, tomatoes 94.0

Leafy vegetables 92.0

Kalamansi 90.0

Avocado 85.5

Carrot 85.1

Starapple 82.6Egg 74.0

Mackerel 74.0

Milk 72.8

Orange 72.0

Carabeef 72.0


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Food % Water

Pork loin 63.4

Pork belly 37.3

Butter 18.0

Rice noodles 12.9

Rice, dried 10.7

Milk, dried 5.5

Sugar, granulated 0.3

Pork crackling 0.0(traces)


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Hormone vasopressin (anti-diuretichormone or ADH) pituitary gland.

Decreases water excretion by the kidney

by increasing the rate of water

reabsorption from the tubules

Water leaves the body:the skin, lungs,gastrointestinal tract and kidneys.


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Water may also be lost together with

the electrolytes through tears,

stomach, suction, breathing,

vomiting, diarrhea, bleeding,

perspiration, drainage from burns,

discharge from ulcer, skin diseases

and injured or burned areas.


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1 ml per calorie for adults and 1.5

ml/calorie for infants.

1.5-2.5 liters or 6-10 glasses of water a

day.

During hot weather, fever, hemorrhage,

excessive sweating, vomiting, diarrhea,

and high protein intake, the allowance

for water in increased.


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For infants, 110 ml/kg; and for 10

year-old children, 40 ml/kg depending

on the environmental temperature.Concentrated urine indicates a need

for more water.

Beverages and prepared foods.


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Body loses large amount of water due to

high environmental temperature, sodium

is lost as well.Causes the brain to signal a needs for

increased water.


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If water intake is increased without the

corresponding increase in sodium,intoxication results.

Muscle cramps, weakness, and/or drop in

blood pressure results.Too much fluid is given intravenously.

Exceeeds the maximum rate of urine

flow; cells and tissues become diluted.

Causes anorexia, vomiting, and at some

times, convulsions, coma, ang even eath.


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If the loss is about 10% of total body

water;fatalif the loss is 20-22%.

Skin becomes loose and inelasticSevere thirst and nausea occurs.


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Electrolytes (also known as ions) charged

particles that conduct electric current. e.g.

salts, acids, and bases.

Non electrolytesmolecules that do not

ionize.

Positive ions (cations) include sodium (Na+),

potassium (K+), ang magnesium (Mg++).

Negative ions (anions) include chloride (Cl),

bicarbonate (HCO3), biphospate (HPO4), and

many protein derivatives.


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Important aspects of electrolytes in waterbalance;

Measurement of electrolytes in body

fluids.

Electrolyte composition of body fluid.

Lectrolyte balance within fluid

compartments.


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h2o voltage

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