H. VatandoostH. VatandoostProfessor of Medical Entomology & Vector ControlProfessor of Medical Entomology & Vector Control

School of Public Health School of Public Health Tehran University of Medical SciencesTehran University of Medical Sciences

Management of Public Management of Public Health PesticidesHealth Pesticides

Important diseases and pestsImportant diseases and pests

MalariaMalariaLeishmaniasisLeishmaniasisTrypanosomiasisTrypanosomiasisOnchocerciasisOnchocerciasisDengue feverDengue feverYellow feverYellow feverArbovirusesArbovirusesNuisance Insects and pestsNuisance Insects and pestsRodentsRodents

Why Pesticide ManagementWhy Pesticide Management

Exposure to Human beingsExposure to Human beings Exposure to ecological areasExposure to ecological areas Limited financial resourcesLimited financial resources Limited available number of pesticidesLimited available number of pesticides Resistant of pests to pesticidesResistant of pests to pesticides Implementation of IVMImplementation of IVM

Elements of Management of Public Elements of Management of Public Health PesticidesHealth Pesticides

1- Product registration1- Product registration2- Procurement2- Procurement3- Formulation & repackaging3- Formulation & repackaging4- Storage and transport4- Storage and transport5- Distribution5- Distribution

6- Application6- Application

7- Disposal7- Disposal8- Monitoring and Surveillance8- Monitoring and Surveillance

9- Surveillance of pesticide poisoning9- Surveillance of pesticide poisoning

10-Monitoring pesticide resistance10-Monitoring pesticide resistance

11- Quality control11- Quality control

12- Capacity building12- Capacity building

13- Public education13- Public education

14- Information Exchange14- Information Exchange

15-Licensing15-Licensing

1- Product registration1- Product registration Effective national registration policyEffective national registration policy Establishment of national pesticide Establishment of national pesticide

registration system for:registration system for: Less hazardous and more effective Less hazardous and more effective

public health pesticidespublic health pesticides Adoption of WHO specifications for Adoption of WHO specifications for

pesticidespesticides

2- Procurement2- Procurement Experienced and knowledgeable experts for decisionExperienced and knowledgeable experts for decision Adaptable with local equipmentAdaptable with local equipment Post sale activities of companies ( technical support, Post sale activities of companies ( technical support,

training, disposal)training, disposal) Pesticide labeling in local languagePesticide labeling in local language Appropriate packaging ( efficacy, shelf-life, human Appropriate packaging ( efficacy, shelf-life, human

and environmental safety)and environmental safety) Protective clothingProtective clothing Independent analyze of the product by the Independent analyze of the product by the

procurement agencyprocurement agency

3- Formulation and repackaging3- Formulation and repackaging

Formulation repackaging should be according Formulation repackaging should be according to local needs.to local needs.

labeled properlylabeled properly have standard quality.have standard quality. less hazard to users.less hazard to users. Should be registered, and certified Should be registered, and certified should be according to national pesticide should be according to national pesticide

regulationsregulations

4- Storage and 4- Storage and transporttransport

The pesticide store should be located The pesticide store should be located far from human dwellingsfar from human dwellings

The pesticide store should be sited far from The pesticide store should be sited far from rivers and bodies of water, to prevent rivers and bodies of water, to prevent chemical contamination from entering and chemical contamination from entering and poisoning the waterpoisoning the water

The pesticide store should not be sited in The pesticide store should not be sited in an area subject to flooding, specially an area subject to flooding, specially during seasonal rainsduring seasonal rains

The pesticide store should have three sides The pesticide store should have three sides free to allow access to fire-fighting free to allow access to fire-fighting equipment in an emergencyequipment in an emergency

Diagram of a pesticide store showing building Diagram of a pesticide store showing building features, with storekeeper's office separate from the features, with storekeeper's office separate from the storestore

Store layout to show arrangement of facilitiesStore layout to show arrangement of facilities

Store dividing wall separating different types Store dividing wall separating different types of pesticides and acting as an internal fire-of pesticides and acting as an internal fire-breakbreak

Fire-break in a pesticide storeFire-break in a pesticide store

Marked and numbered rows of stacked metal Marked and numbered rows of stacked metal containers of pesticides with pallets belowcontainers of pesticides with pallets below

Outside storage (temporary) of pesticides with Outside storage (temporary) of pesticides with perimeter fence and arrangement of pallets similar perimeter fence and arrangement of pallets similar

to that insideto that inside

Aisle space to allow free air flow and Aisle space to allow free air flow and access between rows of stacked pesticidesaccess between rows of stacked pesticides

Stacks that are too high become unwieldy and Stacks that are too high become unwieldy and

containers lower down are crushedcontainers lower down are crushed

Storekeeper checking dates from labels Storekeeper checking dates from labels on containers in a pesticide store on containers in a pesticide store

Pesticide container corroded and Pesticide container corroded and leaking from a side seam leaking from a side seam

Pesticide store in flames - the light Pesticide store in flames - the light roof has collapsed thus preventing roof has collapsed thus preventing an explosionan explosion

Local transport of pesticide on a goods Local transport of pesticide on a goods vehicle - other materials are partitioned vehicle - other materials are partitioned off but food must not be carriedoff but food must not be carried

Storekeeper recording date of arrival Storekeeper recording date of arrival and inspecting condition of new stocks of and inspecting condition of new stocks of pesticides, clipboard in handpesticides, clipboard in hand

Careful unloading ofCareful unloading of pesticides from a delivery pesticides from a delivery vehicle to avoid leaks resulting from damage to vehicle to avoid leaks resulting from damage to containers; the storekeeper is examining the containers; the storekeeper is examining the

delivery notedelivery note

Extinguishing a small fire in a pesticide Extinguishing a small fire in a pesticide store using shovelfuls of sand or earth store using shovelfuls of sand or earth from a containerfrom a container

5- Distribution5- Distribution National guideline for distributionNational guideline for distribution Distribution should be carried out by trained Distribution should be carried out by trained

personnelpersonnel Proper packaging for safe handlingProper packaging for safe handling Prevention of unauthorized salePrevention of unauthorized sale Distributor ensure that products are available on Distributor ensure that products are available on

agreed date agreed date Distribution should reduce multiple handlingDistribution should reduce multiple handling All distributors of pesticides should be licensedAll distributors of pesticides should be licensed

6- Application6- Application Application is depend on: target insect, Application is depend on: target insect,

habitats, seasonal variability and habitats, seasonal variability and control strategycontrol strategy

Professional expertise Professional expertise Trained leadership Trained leadership Correct application technologyCorrect application technology Safety during applicationSafety during application

Trained applicatorsTrained applicators Seasonal worker-applicators should be Seasonal worker-applicators should be

trainedtrained Appropriate pesticide at proper time and Appropriate pesticide at proper time and

spacespace Appropriate dosageAppropriate dosage Consider IVM strategyConsider IVM strategy Pesticide application equipmentPesticide application equipment

Pesticide application should be Pesticide application should be routinely evaluated for effectivenessroutinely evaluated for effectiveness

Training manual in local language Training manual in local language for the stafffor the staff

Refresher training for all staffRefresher training for all staff Protective clothingProtective clothing

Accurate record of usage Accurate record of usage Application should be down by Application should be down by

authorized personsauthorized persons Monitoring and supervision for Monitoring and supervision for

application application Application equipment need routine Application equipment need routine

maintenance and calibrationmaintenance and calibration Human and financial resources should be Human and financial resources should be

availableavailable Adequate amount of pesticidesAdequate amount of pesticides Adequate number of equipmentAdequate number of equipment

7- Disposal7- Disposal

Spill, caused by a pesticide drum falling Spill, caused by a pesticide drum falling off a vehicle, being covered by soil - off a vehicle, being covered by soil - people are kept away from the spillpeople are kept away from the spill

Spill soaked up by sand or sawdust being carefully swept Spill soaked up by sand or sawdust being carefully swept up by the storekeeper and placed in a container to be up by the storekeeper and placed in a container to be collected and taken for central disposal by the national collected and taken for central disposal by the national

authorityauthority

Decontamination of a pesticide container - the inside Decontamination of a pesticide container - the inside and outside are being cleaned with detergent and and outside are being cleaned with detergent and water -highly contaminated rinsing should be saved water -highly contaminated rinsing should be saved

for disposal with other major toxic wastefor disposal with other major toxic waste

Disposal of lightly contaminated cardboard Disposal of lightly contaminated cardboard pesticide container on a fire, ensuring that fumes pesticide container on a fire, ensuring that fumes

travel away from personneltravel away from personnel

Metal container being crushed so that it Metal container being crushed so that it cannot be reused it will be collected for cannot be reused it will be collected for central disposal by the national authoritycentral disposal by the national authority

Storekeeper inspecting a leak from a pesticide Storekeeper inspecting a leak from a pesticide containercontainer

Scrubbing the back of a delivery truck Scrubbing the back of a delivery truck using detergent and water to using detergent and water to decontaminate it of pesticidesdecontaminate it of pesticides

8- Monitoring and Surveillance8- Monitoring and Surveillance

Development of guideline for monitoring and Development of guideline for monitoring and surveillance surveillance

Post registration activities monitoring Post registration activities monitoring includes: includes:

Efficacy, safety, environment effect of pesticides Efficacy, safety, environment effect of pesticides usedused

9- Surveillance of pesticide poisoning9- Surveillance of pesticide poisoning

Recording, collecting and analyzing the Recording, collecting and analyzing the information on pesticide exposure and information on pesticide exposure and poisoningpoisoning

This enable Ministry for capacity building for This enable Ministry for capacity building for diagnosis, treatment, preventive measure and diagnosis, treatment, preventive measure and management of pesticides management of pesticides

Storekeeper wearing mask, eye protection, gloves Storekeeper wearing mask, eye protection, gloves and apron over shirt and trousers to protect and apron over shirt and trousers to protect himself from splashes while transferring pesticide himself from splashes while transferring pesticide

concentrateconcentrate

Storekeeper decontaminating himself by washing Storekeeper decontaminating himself by washing thoroughly with soap and water -his protective thoroughly with soap and water -his protective clothing, washed separately, is hanging out to dry clothing, washed separately, is hanging out to dry

in full sunshinein full sunshine

10-Monitoring pesticide resistance10-Monitoring pesticide resistance National guideline for use of pesticides in IVM frameNational guideline for use of pesticides in IVM frame Information exchange between health and agriculture Information exchange between health and agriculture

ministryministry Monitoring of susceptibility tests according to WHO Monitoring of susceptibility tests according to WHO

guidelineguideline Use of WHO guideline of prevention and Use of WHO guideline of prevention and

management of resistantmanagement of resistant Judicious use of pesticidesJudicious use of pesticides Publication of pesticide resistant status Publication of pesticide resistant status

Pesticide resistance - an overlapping issuePesticide resistance - an overlapping issue

11- Quality control11- Quality control

Active ingredientActive ingredient Impurities of pesticidesImpurities of pesticides FormulationFormulation Labeling of productLabeling of product Expiry dateExpiry date WHO/FAO pesticide specificationWHO/FAO pesticide specification Manufacturer's certificate of analyze of Manufacturer's certificate of analyze of

each batcheach batch Pre-shipment and on-arrival analyse of Pre-shipment and on-arrival analyse of

productproduct

12- Capacity building12- Capacity building Adequate human resourcesAdequate human resources Strengthening of the central unitStrengthening of the central unit Use of skilled personnelUse of skilled personnel Training of technical staffTraining of technical staff Certificate for operatorsCertificate for operators National entomology laboratory National entomology laboratory Laboratory for quality control of pesticideLaboratory for quality control of pesticide Protocol for data collection good storage Protocol for data collection good storage

and transport facilitiesand transport facilities Specific financial resources Specific financial resources

13- Public education13- Public education Use of multi-media for public educationUse of multi-media for public education

Reasons for pesticide useReasons for pesticide use Risk of poisoningRisk of poisoning Risk of not using pesticideRisk of not using pesticide

Provision of information throughout the yearProvision of information throughout the year Why using specific pesticideWhy using specific pesticide Why choosing specific pestWhy choosing specific pest Informing of authorities and high level decision Informing of authorities and high level decision

makersmakers Training Programmes in TVTraining Programmes in TV

14- Information Exchange14- Information Exchange Strengthening of national information systemStrengthening of national information system Computerizing of data collection about pesticides Computerizing of data collection about pesticides

among stakeholdersamong stakeholders Ministry of HealthMinistry of Health Ministry of AgricultureMinistry of Agriculture NGOsNGOs IndustriesIndustries WHO/FAOWHO/FAO Information necessary for vector control and pesticide Information necessary for vector control and pesticide

management management

15-Licensing15-Licensing

Licensing of pesticides by manufacturers, Licensing of pesticides by manufacturers, distributes, retailers and pest control operatorsdistributes, retailers and pest control operators

Licensing is the responsibility of Ministry of Licensing is the responsibility of Ministry of Health Health

Network for pesticide resistance managementNetwork for pesticide resistance management