gyökérzöldségek termesztése

Gyökérzöldségek termesztése

Szerkesztette: Kovács András

Bevezetés

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1. TÁBLÁZAT. Gyökérzöldségek beltartalmi anyagai I. (100 grammban)

NövényfajEnergia

(kcal)Fehérje

(g)Zsír (g)

Szénhidrát (g)

Rost (g)

Sárgarépa 36 1,3 0,3 7,2 30

Petrezselyemgyökér 35 1,2 0,1 7,1

levél 16 2,2 0,3 1,3 1,5

Zellergumó 14 1,4 0,3 5,0 1,6

Pasztinák 57 1,5 0,3 13,5 4,9

Csicsóka 30 2,4 0,4 12,1 7,6

Feketegyökér 72 1,5 0,5 12,5 1,4

Cikória 16 1,8 0,3 0,8

Torma 55 2,8 1,7 7,0 3,6

Retek 14 0,7 0,1 2,8 1,6

Vajrépa 18 0,9 0,1 4,0 3,5

Cékla 34 1,9 0,1 6,3

nincs adatA táblázatban a megjelölt irodalmi forrásokból származó adatok, illetve azokból számított átlagértékek szerepelnek.

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2. TÁBLÁZAT. Gyökérzöldségek beltartalmi anyagai II. (100 grammban)

Növényfaj Vitaminok Ásványi anyagok (mg)

A (IU)*

B1

(mg)B

2

(mg)B

3

(mg)C

(mg)Ca Fe Mg P K

Sárgarépa 10 000 –15 000

0,09 0,06 0,9 6 39 1,2 14 44 255

Pet-rezse-lyem

gyökér 0,10 0,10 0,7 12 48 2,5 30 30 250

levél 5200 0,09 0,15 0,9 125 125 2,0 79 40 550

Zellergumó 0,05 0,06 0,7 8 43 0,7 20 115 323

Pasztinák 0,09 0,05 0,4 17 47 0,6 35 75 375

Csicsóka + 0,20 0,06 1,3 4 10 0,6 20 78 478

Feketegyökér 0,05 0,02 0,3 5 60 1,5 23 65 400

Cikóriasaláta 4000 0,06 0,10 0,5 24 0,9 22 43 420

Torma 0,06 0,03 0,5 95 150 2,4 81 41 420

Retek 0,02 0,03 0,4 21 20 0,8 10 27 190

Vajrépa 0,04 0,03 0,4 21 30 0,3 11 27 170

Cékla + 0,05 0,02 0,4 11 13 0,5 19 55 296

nincs adat + nyomokban * karotinok átváltva A-vitaminra; mértékegysége IU (1 IU = 0,60 µg α-karotin; 1 IU = 1,20 µg β-karotin)A táblázatban a megjelölt irodalmi forrásokból származó adatok, illetve azokból számított átlagértékek szerepelnek.

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Irodalomjegyzék

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5e

Sárgarépa szabadföldi termesztése és hajtatása

Származása, elterjedése; táplálkozási és gazdasági jelentősége

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5a

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3. TÁBLÁZAT. A sárgarépa beltartalmi értékei (100 g-ra vonatkoztatva)

Vitaminok (mg) Ásványi anyagok (mg)

Energia 31–41 kcal karotinok (ß, α) 10–15 Kalcium 33–44

Fehérje 1,0–1,5 g B1-vitamin 0,05–0,13 Foszfor 37–50

Zsír 0,2–0,3 g B2-vitamin 0,05–0,07 Vas 1,0–1,3

Szénhidrát 6,8–7,7 g B3-vitamin 0,7–1,1 Kálium 220–290

Illóolaj 80–140 ppm B6-vitamin 0,1–0,19 Magnézium 10–18

Rost 2,8–3,2 g C-vitamin 5,0–7,0

5

f [[- ?0- $#&8(- 3@(4/'/44=- 0- ;,40$0&E4/44- 4,&<%*-<,22"7*%+,- F+"02,',2-7)J*'0$;02-M[-,',&-4/22@&1(- [-,',&-4/22@&0-B*#$$,249

C- *@&+0&%D0- /&*'@+*',&4,-<,+40(@(?041- 0- ?@'7$,&4,$;,2A- 0'/2;02- 61-4,&<%*?/'0</$04-B*0$-0-2#3%2"-*'@<@&0-$,)3,'J-$#&2",',47-.,(4%4,(,$-<,((,44-(,?,4-,(%&279-C-*@&+0&%D0-.,6(J)%*%?,'-61-#$/(1+707-0)/44*@+/$$0(-&,2),($,'J-4,&8(,4,$-.J(,+-0-N7*0(.#()#2A-0-h,'J.#()#2A-0'-C(.#()-%*'0$7-&%*'%2-%*-0-VF20-QO7*'0-$#'%2-30220$9

Növénytani jellemzése

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1. ÁBRA. Répatest szöveti felépítése

a – répaváll; b – bőrszövet; c – háncsszövet (kéreg); d – kambium; e – faszövet (szívrész)

a

b

c

d

e

5L

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5M

<0)>A-2,+",)&,2)I-,&2"J$2,$-2,3,''8$-0'-,(@+0'1)@*-*'7246%2,$-<,+>.,(,(J,29-C-*@&+0&%D0-#**',4,44-,&2"J*-37&@+'040-0-!"'(/+.-4#;;-,&2"JB*>$%;J(-@((A-0<,(",$;,2-0-*'0;0)(,37&@+'@*H-.064@$-,*,4%2-?E<2J*-%*-$7*-*'@'0(%$;02-?E<-37&@+/$-40(@(?041$9-C-?E<2J*-37&@+/$-D&/402)&7$F*0$A-0-D/((,2-$/&@;;02-%&7$-;,A-<724-0-;7;,9-C-?7;&7)-3,4J<0+>,(J@((E4@*?/'-;&/p2-%*-D,40(/7)-4EDF*H-?E<*4,&7(-3/20(0$04-.,6(,*'4,44,$-$79

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3. ÁBRA. A sárgarépa összetett ernyős virágzata

5T

Környezeti igényei

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4. ÁBRA. Sárgarépa virágtípusai, termése, magja

A – hímnős virág; B – brown típusú hímsteril virág; C – petaloid típusú hímsteril virág; D – ikerkaszat termés; E – mag hosszanti keresztmetszete; t – táplálószövet; e – embrió

B C

DE

t

e

A

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6. ÁBRA. Sárgarépa fajtatípusok

(balról jobbra: Párizsi vásár; Amszterdami; Nanti; Chantenay; Berlicum; Danvers; Flakker; Imperator; St. Valery)

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4. TÁBLÁZAT. Sárgarépa fajtatípusok főbb jellemzői

Fajtatípus Tenyészidő (nap)

Lombozat erőssége

Termesztési mód Felhasználás

Párizsi vásár 75–90 közepes korai szabadföldi friss fogyasztás, feldolgozás (konzerv)

Amsterdami 90–100 gyenge/közepes

hajtatás, korai szabadföldi

korai csomózott áru, friss fogyasztás

Nanti 95–120 közepes hajtatás, átteleltetéses term. korai szabadföldi,

korai csomózott áru, friss fogyasztás

Chantenay 120–140 közepes/erős szabadföldi friss fogyasztás, tárolás

Berlicum 130–150 erős hajtatás, szabadföldi

korai csomózott áru, friss fogyasztás, feldolgozás

Imperator 130–150 erős szabadföldi friss fogyasztás, feldolgozás

Danvers 140–160 erős szabadföldi tárolás, feldolgozás

Flakker 130–160 erős szabadföldi friss fogyasztás, tárolás, feldolgozás

St. Valery 160–180 erős szabadföldi feldolgozás, tárolás

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5. TÁBLÁZAT. Sárgarépa vetési, betakarítási időszakok a fajták tenyészidejétől függően

Fajta tenyészideje

Hónap Felhasználás

II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI.

rövidcsomózott és kilós áruként friss fogyasztás

középhosszú

csomózott és kilós áruként friss fogyasztás, feldolgozás; átteleltetéses termesztéssel friss fogyasztásra

hosszú tárolás, feldolgozás

vetésbetakarítás

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7. ÁBRA. Sárgarépa bakhátas művelésben

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a

Petrezselyem szabadföldi termesztése és hajtatása


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6. TÁBLÁZAT. A petrezselyem beltartalmi értékei (100 g-ra vonatkoztatva)

Gyökérpetrezselyem Levélpetrezselyem

Vitaminok

B1-vitamin (mg) 0,1 0,1




C-vitamin (mg) 35,0 140,0

Ásványi anyagok

Kalcium (mg) 48,0 125,0

Foszfor (mg) 30,0 40,0

Vas (mg) 2,5 2,0

Kálium (mg) 250,0 550,0

Magnézium (mg) 30,0 50,0

Energia (kcal) 35,0 16,0

Fehérje (g) 1,2 2,2

Szénhidrát (g) 7,1 1,3

Zsír (g) 0,1 0,3

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9. ÁBRA. Petrezselyem virág és mag

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Szabadföldi termesztése

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10. ÁBRA. Gyökérpetrezselyem fajtatípusok

A – rövid; B – félhosszú; C – hosszú fajtatípus; D – petrezselyem gyökér keresztmetszet

A B C

D

5

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7. TÁBLÁZAT. Petrezselyem vetési, szedési időpontok a termesztési céltól függően

Termesztés célja Hónap Fajtatípus

II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI.

Csomózott áru előállítás• tavaszi vetés• nyár végi őszi vetés

rövid típusú gyökérpet-rezselyem-fajták

Gyökértermesztés• tárolásra,

feldolgozásra

• másodterm. friss fogyasztás

félhosszú, hosszú típusú gyökérpetrezselyem-fajták

rövid, félhosszú típusú gyökérpetrezselyem- fajták

Levélzöld- termesztés

levélpetrezselyem vagy nagy lombú gyökérpet-rezselyem-fajták

vetésbetakarítás

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Hajtatás

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11. ÁBRA. Fóliaalagút a petrezselyem fűtés nélküli hajtatásában

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Le

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8. TÁBLÁZAT. A zellergumó beltartalmi értékei (100 g-ra vonatkoztatva)


Szénhidrát 5,0 g B1-vitamin 0,05 Kalcium 67,2

Rost 1,6 g B2-vitamin 0,06 Vas 1,8

Zsír 0,3 g C-vitamin 8,0 Foszfor 115,0

Fehérje 1,4 g Kálium 323,0

Energia 14 kcal

L

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A B

C

13. ÁBRA. A zeller virágszára, virága és termése

A – virágszár; B – virág; C – termés

LL

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Szabadföldi termesztése

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LM

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LT

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14. ÁBRA. Zellergumóformák

15. ÁBRA. Durva felületű és gyökérzetű gumók

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16. ÁBRA. Maghozó pasztinák növények 17. ÁBRA. Pasztinákvirágzat és termés

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18

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17

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1

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11

cukorrépa fajtákmai takarmány-répa

nagy levelű fehérrépa mai cékla mángoldCukorrépa

a XVIII. századból

gyógynövényként

Kr. e. 2000

cékla zöldségféleként

római időkben

takarmányrépaként

a középkorban

szelekció levélre

– Európában

szelekció gyökérre

– Európában

K);>.&>(DM),ACR$4)H06)U.0-$)"#C:,-$,-B-,)-;#$%&-E)J$)B3E%-"9*(O*B)F&#&JU#B(:I5)J((-,9-):%)-,,'()G0H)U.0"-()E:;D3&&:B:,)Q3(C:B)U$3.:;3(*$0&:E)2M,'CR(,3B3E)BAE*(O*B<

V%*.3$) -R"+C:J) 3"$%*;&:E) :) %$-E;-) (-9-(-B-,) Q'%-(#B-B) #$) (-9-$-B):(:C:ED:;:B#E,)#",#B-$A,JB<)K)"#C:,-$,&'(),-O$:9:$:E)-"O-$%,-,,5)C-B,JEL4$)(-9-B-,)B#$%A,-E-B5)L-)Q3;D:$%,O*B)$N,9-)J$<

ZN(Q>(L>E)E:;D3&&)O-(-E,'$#;-)9:E5)=R"+C:)#$%:BJ)3"$%*;:J&:E)U$30.+%9:)B-"N()Q"J$$)CJ:UJ)#",#B-$A,#$"-)F60/)U.)*,.#"'OM)"#C:,-$,-B)^)&#)&J0U#B)(:I5):)%$-E;-)(-9-(-B&'()(-9-$,)B#$%A,-E-B5).A;):)"#C:,-$,-B-,)Q'%-(#B0B#E,)#$)$N,9-)J$)Q3;D:$%,O*B<

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ssp. cicla (mángold) ssp. maritima ssp. vulgaris

Beta vulgaris

Beta atriplicifolia

Beta macrocarpa

2n = 18 (közeli rokon fajok)

19. ÁBRA. Cékla származása

1!

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o$.-",),39*&&*5)23;D)-%):)E>9#EDQ:O)$%*.3$)(#,Q3E,3$$*;4).:B"30)#$).JB"3-(-.-,),:",:(.:%<)ZN(>E&>%')Q:O,*BB:()9#;%-,,)9J%$;*(:,3B):(:CO*E)&J%3EDA,*$,)ED-",5)23;D):)(-9-(-B)*$9*EDJ)-(-.-B&-E);:%L:;:&&:B5).JE,):)"#C:,-$,)FG*+)5:'513);*)P-(,-2-,'(-;)-%,).*"),>&&)#9-%"-LL-()-%-(',,)J$),RL,*B)F;3EL3(,*BI5).J9-().*"):BB3")J$)Q3;D:$%,3,,*B):)U#B(:)(-9-(#,)F3"093$$*;B#E,I<)

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9. TÁBLÁZAT. A cékla különböző részeinek elemtartalma és eloszlása a répatestben(Csikkelné Szolnoki – Takácsné Hájos, 2001)

Elemek Elemtartalom (mg/100g friss anyagban)

levélben répatest húsban répatest héjban

Makroelemek Ca 156,00 10,04 21,19

Mg 170,30 22,23 44,33

K 687,70 296,40 375,70

Na 540,80 121,40 158,60

P 37,38 49,40 65,65

Mikroelemek Zn 0,88 0,40 0,54

Fe 2,91 0,85 2,09

Cu 0,20 0,11 0,13

Mn 1,15 0,22 0,28

Al 5,68 0,50 0,58

!8

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v$$%-$$#;#&-E) .-;*((:CA,2:,+5) 23;D) :) U#B(:) Q3;D:$%,*$*,) Q3B3%EJ)B-((<)K)O+()J$.-",)-U-,-$)U#B(:$:(*,:).-((-,,)9*(,3%:,3$:&&)-(B#$%A,#$J).+0L3B:,)J$):(B:(.:%EJ)B-((5)23;D)-%):)%>(L$#;E>9#ED),39*&&);:%L:;A,2:$$:):)2:%:J)9*(:$%,#B3,<)


Z#,#9-$)E>9#ED5):.-(D):%)-($')#9&-E)"#C:,-$,-,)#$),'(-9#("+%$*,5).:OL):).*$3LJB)#9&-E).:;$%*":,)#$)9J"*;3,)Q-O(-$%,<

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20. ÁBRA. Cékla répatesttípusok

A B C

cm

10

20

30

!G

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K)U#B(:)(3.&3%:,*E:B)E:;D0$*;:):);#CJ)&-,:B:"A,2:,+$*;;:()J$)>$$%-QN;;#$&-E)9:E<)

K) 23$$%:&&) (-9#(%-,) EDM)9'0;#)CJ) &-,:B:"A,*$":) :L) (-2-,'$#0;-,<)K)Q:O,*B)B>%>,,)O-(-E,'$)BN0(>E&$#;-B) 9:EE:B) :) (-9#(ED#()23$$%*&:E) #$) $%AE:ED:;0,:",:(0.*&:E)J$<)K)BJ$-&&) (3.&3%:,4)Q:O,*BE*():) (-9#(ED-(-B)9#B3ED:&&:B)#$)$>,#,(J(:)$%AEM-B5).A;):)23$$%:&&)(-9-(M)Q:O,*BE*()-%)E:":EU$$*";:5)(J(*$)U$AB3%*$$:(<) =;D-$) BR,:,+B) >$$%-QN;;#$,) Q-(,#,-(-%E-B) :) (-9#(ED#() #$) :)"#C:,-$,)$%AEJE,-E%J,*$:)B>%>,,<)

K)">9JL-&&),-ED#$%JL-OM)Q:O,*B)(3.&3%:,:):(:U$3ED:&&5)#$):)"#C:,-$,)9:$,:;3L*$:);D3"$:&&)N,-.M</%"GA#6G"!'180G?8)U.).:;:$5'.-(D-,):)E>9#ED':).*$3LJB)#9&-E)Q-O0

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21. ÁBRA. A répatest másodlagos vastagodásának vázlataA – &atal gyökér elsődleges szövetekkel; B – másodlagos

vastagodás; C-D – új kambiumgyűrűk keletkezése;

f – fanyaláb; h – háncsnyaláb; k – kambiumgyűrű;

mf – másodlagos fatest; ny – kambiumgyűrűk által

lefűzött faháncs edénnyalábok; pa – raktározó

parenchimaszövetek

A k

h

f

h

k

ny

pa

mf

mf

C

B

D

!H

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K)C3(J;-".).:;3B:,) B>"&-9-9') C:"*$) "#,-;) Q-(N(-,-) #"L-$) #$) O-(-E0,'$).-EEDJ$#;M)U$A"*%*$,);*,(+) :ED:;3,) ,:",:(.:%<)=%#",) :);3.3(D3B:,)B3C,:,O*B5)9:(:.JE,):%)-;D-E(-,-$)B-(#$)#"L-B#&-E)*%,:,O*B)FLR%%:$%,O*BI5)23;D);D3"$:&&)#$)-;D>E,-,M&&)U$A"*%*$,)#"O-E-B)-(<

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22. ÁBRA. Cékla termés szerkezete1. Gomoly 2. Gomoly hosszmetszete

I. első virág I. első virág

II. második virág II. második virág

III. harmadik virág III. harmadik virág

* – lepellevél e – endospermium

gy – gyököcske

szl – sziklevél

I

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2

e

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10. TÁBLÁZAT. Céklafajták vörös színanyagtartalma és összetétele (mg/100g)(Takácsné Hájos, 1999)

Összetevők

Fajták

Betanin Isobetanin Betanidin Isobetanidin Összes vörös

színanyag

BONEL 50,03 26,62 4,20 0,96 81,81

NERO 40,29 13,10 2,92 1,12 57,43

FAVORIT 49,53 24,04 4,61 2,10 80,24

RUBIN 46,26 25,16 6,63 2,96 81,01

DETROIT 43,35 21,29 5,13 1,16 70,93

Fajták átlaga 45,89 22,03 4,70 1,66 74,28

SzD (5%) 4,31 1,91 0,52 0,34 6,62

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23. ÁBRA. Halványabb gyűrűk a répatesten

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26. ÁBRA. Értékesítésre előkészített feketegyökér (www.szepzold.hu)

25. ÁBRA. Jól fejlett feketegyökér-állomány (www.szepzold.hu)

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11. TÁBLÁZAT. A csicsóka beltartalmi értékei (100 g-ra vonatkoztatva)


Szénhidrát 12,1 g C-vitamin 4,0 Kalcium 10,0

Cukrok 4,5 g B1-vitamin 0,2 Vas 0,6

Rost 7,6 g B2-vitamin 0,06 Magnézium 20,0

Zsír 0,4 g B3 -vitamin 1,3 Foszfor 78,0

Fehérje 2,4 g karotin 0,01 Kálium 478,0

Víz 79 g,0 E-vitamin 0,2 Nátrium 3,0

Energia 30 kcal Cink 0,1

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29. ÁBRA. Sztólón fejlődő csicsókagumók

30. ÁBRA. Csicsókavirágzat

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12. TÁBLÁZAT. Vetőgumó-szükséglet a tenyészterület függvényében csicsókánál

Tenyész-terület (cm)

Vetőgumó tömege

30 g 40 g 50 g 60 g 70 g 80 g

vetőgumó-szükséglet (t/ha)

60×40 1,25 1,67 2,09 2,50 2,92 3,34

60×60 0,83 1,11 1,39 1,66 1,95 2,22

80×60 0,62 0,83 1,04 1,25 1,46 1,67

70×70 0,61 0,82 1,03 1,22 1,42 1,63

80×80 0,47 0,62 0,78 0,94 1,09 1,25

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Termesztése

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33. ÁBRA. Előhajtatás utáni dugványköteg

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34. ÁBRA. Dugványok bakhátra helyezése és kézi ültetése

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35. ÁBRA. Hajtásválogatás; 3-4 hajtásból egy db-ot hagyunk meg

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36. ÁBRA. Barázdás árasztóöntözés

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13. TÁBLÁZAT. A torma minőségi osztályai; az I. és II. osztály a Magyar Szabvány szerint

Minőségi osztály

I. osztály II. osztály

Minőségi előírás

A tormagyökér leveleitől, földtől meg-tisztított, ép, egészséges, fehér húsú, egyéves fejlődésű, enyhén csípős legyen. Vizes nem lehet. Fagytól, ide-gen íztől, állati kártevőktől, gombás betegségektől mentes legyen. Ne legyen fonnyadt, elvénült, fás, üveges, szennyezett. Hossza legalább 20 cm, vastagsága legnagyobb átmérőben mérve legalább 25 mm legyen.

Mint az I. osztálynál, azzal az eltéréssel, hogy egy elágazás, kismértékű fony-nyadás, alaki és színhiba, legfeljebb 6 cm2 összterületű beparásodott sérülés a tömeg (súly) legfeljebb 20%-áig megengedett. Hossza legalább 20 cm, vastagsága legnagyobb átmérőben mérve legalább 20 mm legyen.

Megen-gedett eltérés

Legfeljebb 10% II. osztályút tartal-mazhat.

A mennyiség legfeljebb 10%-a lehet olyan, amely nem felel meg az osztály minőségi és méreti követelményeinek, de egészségügyi szempontból nem kifogásolható, fogyasztásra alkalmas.

14. TÁBLÁZAT. Gyakorlati minőségi osztályok

III.

osz

tály Ebbe az osztályba sorolhatók azok a rizómák, amelyeken az elágazás meg-szünteté-

se miatt vágási felületek találhatók, enyhén repedtek vagy féreg-rágottak. Hosszuk legalább 15 cm, közép átmérőjük 15 mm legyen.

IV.

osz

tály Gyengén fejlett rizómák és vastagabb gyökerek tartoznak ide. Nem feltétlenül

szükséges, hogy tőrózsával rendelkezzenek. Nem lehetnek romló hibásak. Hosszuk 10 cm, átmérőjük legalább 10 mm legyen. A csonkok is idetartoznak.

Mo

sott

g

yöké

r Idegen anyagtól, penésztől mentes legyen. Hosszúság és átmérő indiferens.Fehér torma: speciális célokra készített, a háncsrész teljes eltávolításával. Beteg, csírás, korhadásos felületű rizómák is alkalmasak erre a célra.

„Far

ago

tt”

torm

a

I.-II. osztály, a tormatesteknek az a tömege, amelyeknek a gombás-korhadt-féregrágott sérüléseit kifaragták. A kifaragott rész összesen nem lehet nagyobb, mint a tormatest felületének 1/3-a. A rizómák hosszúsága minimum 17 cm legyen, a legnagyobb átmérője 20 mm feletti legyen.

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15. TÁBLÁZAT. A hónapos retek hőmérsékleti igénye hajtatásban

HónapokHőmérséklet (°C)

nappali éjszakai

Január 8–10 4–6

Február 10–12 6–8

Március 12–15 8–10

Április 15–18 10–12

Szeptember 12–15 8–10

Október 10–12 6–8

November 8–10 4–6

December 6–8 4–6

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16. TÁBLÁZAT. Gyökérzöldségek vetésforgóban való elhelyezése

Növényfaj

Vetésforgó

Előveteménytípusa időtartama (év)

Sárgarépa öntözött zöldséges öntözött kombinált szföldi-zöldséges

4-5 egyéves hüvelyesek, őszi búza káposztafélék #

Petrezselyem öntözött zöldséges öntözött kombinált szántóföldi- zöldséges

4-5 egyéves hüvelyesek, őszi búza káposztafélék #

Pasztinák öntözött kombinált szántóföldi- zöldséges

4-5 gabonafélék, egyéves hüvelyesek

Zeller öntözött zöldséges 4-5 egyéves hüvelyesek

Retek öntözött zöldséges 4-5 egyéves pillangósok, gabonafélék

Vajrépa öntözött zöldséges 4-5 egyéves pillangósok, # kapások

Feketegyökér öntözött zöldséges 4-5 egyéves pillangósok, # kapások, gabonafélék

Cikóriasaláta öntözött zöldséges 4-5 gabonafélék, # kapások

Cékla öntözött zöldséges 4-5 hüvelyesek, korai káposztafélék

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17.TÁBLÁZAT. Gyökérzöldségek kettős termesztési lehetőségei

előnövény utónövény

korai sárgarépa (csomózott) zöldbab, csem. kukorica vajrépa

korai petrezselyem (csomózott) zöldbab, csem. kukorica vajrépa

hónapos retek (korai) cékla, zöldbab

korai káposzták cékla

zöldborsó sárgarépa, petrezselyem

cikória saláta cékla

zöldborsó, zöldbab feketegyökér

18.TÁBLÁZAT. Gyökérzöldségek köztes termesztésben

gyökér-zöldség

társított növény társított növény kedvező hatása

sárg

arép

a

vörös-, póré- és fokhagyma répalégy kártételt mérsékli

retek területhasznosítás

fejessaláta sorjelző növény

feketegyökér területhasznosítás, a feketegyökér lassan fejlődik

kapor, rozmaring sárgarépalégy távoltartása

büdöske,körömvirág fonálféreg távoltartás

pet

rezs

elye

m vörös- és metélőhagyma a hagymák távoltartják a kártevőket


fejessaláta sorjelző növény

büdöske, körömvirág fonálféreg távoltartás

zeller

póréhagyma területhasznosítás

káposzta, karalábé a zeller védi a társított növényt (káposztalégy)


retek fejessaláta saláta védőnövény (földibolha)

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19. TÁBLÁZAT. Gyökérzöldségek ökológiai termesztéséhez ajánlható növénysűrűségek

növényfaj termesztés célja növénysűrűség (db/m2)

növényelrendezés sortáv. × tőtáv. (cm)

sárgarépa

csomózott 95-150 30-35×2-3

őszi friss értékesítésre 75-80 40-45×3

tárolásra, feldolgozásra 60-75 45×3-4

petrezselyem

csomózott 95-110 30-35×3

gyökér, őszi értékesítésre 60-65 40-45×4

gyökér tárolásra, feldolgozásra 55-60 40-45×4-5

zellergumó levéllel nyári értékesítésre 12-13 40×20

gumó, őszi betakarításra 8-10 50×20-25

pasztinák tárolásra, feldolgozásra 40-50 40-50×5-6

retekcsomózásra 100-110 10×8-10

tárolásra (téli retek) 22-30 40-45×8-10

cékla tárolásra 22-30 40-45×8-10

feketegyökér tárolásra 25-35 40-50×7-10

vajrépa őszi friss fogyasztásra 19-33 30-35×10-15

cikória saláta friss fogyasztásra 6-11 30-40×30-40

O"O

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Terbe István – Slezák Katalin (szerk.)Talaj nélküli

zöldséghajtatás5900 Ft

Terbe István – Hodossi Sándor –

Kovács András (szerk.)Zöldségtermesztés

szabadföldön3500 Ft

Némethyné Uzoni Hanna – Ertseyné Peregi Katalin

(szerk.)Zöldségvetőmag-

termesztés4500 Ft

Terbe István – Hodossi Sándor – Kovács AndrásZöldségtermesztés

termesztő-berendezésekben

3200 Ft

A AJÁNLATA

Mártonffy BélaKáposztafélék Fejes, vörös,

kelkáposzta, karfiol, karalábé, brokkoli,

bimbóskel, kínai kel950 Ft

Túri IstvánZöldséghajtatás

2500 Ft

Hadnagy Árpád – Tuza Sándor

Téli zöldségek1900 Ft

Mártonffy BélaHagymafélék Vörös-,

fok-, póré-, téli sarjadék-, metélő- és salottahagyma

950 Ft

O Q

Balázs Klára – Vörös GézaKertészek

növényvédelmi naptára3700 Ft

Czáka Sarolta – Molnár Mária – Bálint János

A növényvédelem ábécéje3200 Ft

Kappel Noémi (szerk.)Tökfélék termesztése

Tervezett ár: 3500 FtVárható megjelenés

november

Győrfi Júlia (szerk.)Gombabiológia,

gombatermesztés4900 Ft

A könyvek a következő címen rendelhetők meg:

MEZŐGAZDA KIADÓ1097 Budapest, Ecseri út 14–16. • telefon: 407-1020 • fax: 407-1787

[email protected] • www.mezogazdakiado.hu

Fehér BélánéA spárga

termesztése2500 Ft

Mártonffy BélaKonzervuborka

950 Ft

Mártonffy BélaDinnyefélék

Görög- és sárgadinnye950 Ft

Láng István (szerk.)A zöldség-, dísznövény-

és szaporítóanyag-termesztés

berendezései és gépei4200 Ft

A sárgarépa szinte minden nap az asztalunkra kerül, de egész évben szívesen fogyasztjuk a petrezselyem, a pasztinák, a torma értékes gyökerét, a zeller, a cékla, a retek gumóját, de vannak a könyvben különleges zöldségfélék is, mint a vajrépa, a cikória, a csicsóka és a feketegyökér.

Értéküket az is adja, hogy jól tárolhatók, így szinte egész évben beszerezhetők.

A gyökérzöldségeknek különösen fontos szerepük van táplálkozásunkban, értékes tápanyagokat, rostanyagokat, vitaminokat, egészségvédő és ásványi anyagokat tartalmaznak.

A szerzők a 11 növényt azonos tárgyalási módon mutatják be. Ismertetik származásukat, elterjedésüket, táplálkozási és gazdasági jelentőségüket, növénytani jellemzőiket, környezeti igényüket, szabadföldi termesztésüket, hajtatási lehetőségüket, szaporítási módjukat, felhívják a figyelmet a leggyakoribb betegségeikre, kártevőikre és a védekezési módokra.

A mű zárófejezete a ma oly fontos és egyre népszerűbb ökológiai termesztés lehetőségeit tárja fel.

Ajánljuk ezt a könyvet a már gyakorlattal rendelkező zöldségtermesztőknek, akik érdeklődnek az új termesztési és kereskedelmi lehetőségek, új fajok és fajták iránt, de pontos termesztés-technológiát találnak azok a kezdő gazdálkodók is, akik friss zöldséggel szeretnék ellátni szűkebb környezetüket.

ISBN 978-963-286-633-8

3500 Ft

gyökérzöldségek termesztése

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