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gv‡©KU Awi‡q‡›Ukb I f¨vjy‡PBb DbœqbcÖwkÿY g¨vbyqvj

Market Orientation and Value Chain DevelopmentTraining Manual

gv‡©KU Awi‡q‡›Ukb I f¨vjy‡PBb Dbœqb cÖwkÿY g¨vbyqvj Market Orientation and Value Chain Development Training Manual

Rvbyqvix, 2018 January, 2018

eøy †Mvì †cÖvMÖvgBlue Gold Program

Bangladesh Water Development Board

23/1 Motijheel Commercial Area, Hasan Court (8th Floor), Dhaka 1000Tel: +88 02 711 15 25 or +88 02 956 98 43

E-mail: [email protected]

Transfer of Technology for Agricultural Production (DAE Component)

Department of Agricultural Extension, Room 502 (4th Floor)Middle Building, Khamarbari, Dhaka

Tel: +88 02 812 11 52E-mail: [email protected]

Embassy of the Kingdom of the Netherlands

House 49, Road 90, Gulshan-2, Dhaka 1212E-mail: [email protected]

Preface

The goal of Blue Gold Program (BGP) is to increase agricultural production and achieve sustainable socioeconomic development by efficient water resource management at selected polders in Khulna, Satkhira, Patuakhali and Barguna. Since agriculture is the main source of earning for polder dwellers, BGP aims at increasing agricultural production, production of more profitable crops as well as more earning by selling surplus by better water resources management. This manual was prepared by BGP to promote the concept “agriculture is a business”, and develop knowledge and skills of farmers to benefit them.

BGP believes that this manual will be helpful in increasing production and improving linkage with different market actors (input traders, farias, paikers, arotders, processors, different private and public extension agents, tiller operators, sprayers etc.) and service providers. There are few such manuals prepared and published earlier by different organi-zations. This manual can be considered a valuable addition by BGP to spread the learn-ing from a farmer perspective.

The information used in this manual is no way static and final. It reflects many years of field level experience. It is expected that farmers could learn about market system, value chain development and can use it for enhanced production and income. BGP would like to extend thanks to all who were involved with its preparatory phase in any way under any capacity. The manual has been developed by the value chain specialists within the technical assistance consultancy team based on their practical experience with the implementation of value chain activities over the last four years in BGP. Particular thanks are due to Shusanto Roy and ASM Shahidul Haque for conceiving, developing and customising the manual for wider use.

Government of Bangladesh and Embassy of Kingdom of the Netherlands have funded this manual to organize capacity building programs of BGP related field level staffs like SAAOs, Community Development Facilitators (CDF), Farmer Trainers (FT) and farmers. It is hoped that this manual will be able to fulfill the demand for such training programs.

Please send your comments and suggestions on the manual to [email protected]

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1K…wl GKwU e¨emvAgriculture is a Business 02

2f¨vjy †PBb m ú‡K© aviYvBasic Concept of Value Chain 09

3mgwšZ f¨vjy †PB‡bi e„nËi cwimxgv m ú‡K© aviYv KivValue Chain Donut 15

4f¨vjy ‡PBb wKfv‡e KvR K‡iHow Does Value Chain Work 20

5f¨vjy ‡PBb Gi mgm¨v I euvavmg~nProblems and Constrains of Value Chain 27

6K…lK chv©‡q Drcv`b ev‡RUEnterprise Budget at Farmer Level 36

7Z_¨ msMÖn I msiÿY c×wZInformation Collection and Record Keeping

45

8†hŠ_ KvRCollective Action 51

9e¨emvwqK †bUIqvwK©sBusiness Networking 59

10K…wl Dbœq‡b Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³i f~wgKvRole of ICT in Agricultural Development 67

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10

avc - 3 : g~j Av‡jvPbv

GLb mnvqK AskMÖnYKvix‡ì cÖkœ Ki‡eb -

f¨vjy kãwUi A_© Zviv Rv‡b wK bv? †PBb kãwUi A_© Zviv Rv‡b wK bv?

f¨vjy kãwUi A_© g~j¨ Ges †PBb kãwUi A_© wkKj| Zvn‡j f¨vjy ‡PBb kãwUi A_© n‡”Q g~j¨ wkKj|

GLb mnvqK AskMÖnYKvix‡ì cÖkœ Ki‡eb -

bvixiv Zv‡ì †mŠ›`©h¨ e„w× Kivi Rb¨ wkK‡ji wK wK eënvi K‡ib?

gv_vi wmuw_‡Z eënv‡ii Rb¨ ‡mvbvi wUKwj

Kv‡bi y‡j eënv‡ii Rb¨ ‡mvbvi Uvbv

Mjvq eënv‡ii Rb¨ ‡mvbvi nvi

nv‡Zi Kwâ‡Z eënv‡ii Rb¨ ‡mvbvi †eªm‡jU

‡Kvg‡o eënvi Kivi Rb¨ iæcvi weQv

cv‡q eënv‡ii Rb¨ iæcvi b~cyi

Zvn‡j †`Lv hv‡”Q, eënv‡ii Dci wfwË K‡i wkKj ev †PBb Gi wewfbœ bvg I DcKiYn‡Z cv‡i, †hgb- †mvbv, iæcv, Zvgv, A¨vwg‡Ukb BZ¨vw`|

Avm‡Z cv‡i, Avgiv avb Drcv`b Kwi ev dmj Drcv`b Kwi| Zvn‡j whwb avb evdmj Drcv`K|Zvn‡j whwb avb Pvl K‡ib wZwb Drcv`K|

hw` AskMÖnYKvixiv GKgZ nb †h, whwb avb Pvl K‡ib wZwb Drcv`K, Zvn‡j GBÒDrcv`KÓ wjwLZ KvW©wU †ev‡W© jvMvb|

mnvqK AskMÖnYKvix‡ì Avevi cÖkœ Ki‡eb - avb Gi eëmv Ki‡Z †M‡j wK wK cÖ‡qvRb nq?

wewfbœ welq¸‡jv DËi wn‡m‡e Avm‡Z cv‡i (†hgb- Rwg Kl©Y, exR, mvi, cvwb, †cwómvBW BZ¨vw`)| DËi¸‡jv GKwU Pv‡U© wj‡L ivLyb|

Gici mnvqK Avev‡iv cÖkœ Ki‡eb - †Kv_v †_‡K exR, mvi,cvwb, †cwómvBW BZ¨vw` msMÖn K‡ib?

wewfbœ welq¸‡jv DËi wn‡m‡e Avm‡Z cv‡i (†hgb- DcKiY we‡μZvi KvQ †_‡K exR, mvi, †cwómvBW, Rwg Kl©Y- cvIqvi wUªjvi Acv‡iUi, cvwb - weGwWwm/e‡i›`ª/ ‡m‡Pi Rb¨ cvwb wewμ K‡i Ggb e¨w³| DËi †_‡K

†fv³v / †μZv

LyPiv we‡μZv

cÖwμqvRvZKvix

AvoZ`vi

cvBKvi

K…lK/Drcv`K

DcKiY we‡μZv

11

wewfbœ ai‡Yi eëmvi bvg wjwce× Kiæb, D‡Ïk¨ n‡jv BbcyU †UªWvi / DcKiY we‡μZv / eëmvqx welqwU‡K mbv³ Kiv|

mnvqK GLb †UªWvi (BbcyU †mjvi/ DcKiY we‡μZv) wjwLZ KvW©wU‡K c~‡e©i ÒDrcv`KÓ KvW©wUi Av‡M emvb|

‡UªWvi Kvi KvQ †_‡K, wKfv‡e exR, mvi,cvwb, †cwómvBW wewμi Rb¨ μq K‡i?

†_‡K μq K‡ib,

mnvqK Drcv`‡Ki w`‡K wd‡i Avmyb| Zvn‡j Drcv`K n‡Z mieivnKvix‡ì w`‡K cwiPvwjZ wjs‡¼R‡K e¨vKIqvW© wjs‡¼R e‡j|

Drcv`K Zvi Drcvw`Z cY¨ w`‡q wK K‡ib? meUzKzB Lv`¨ wn‡m‡e MÖnY K‡ib? wKQz Lv`¨ wn‡m‡e MÖnY K‡ib, wKQz wewμ K‡ib? wewμ Ki‡j Kvi Kv‡Q wewμ K‡ib?

gv‡K©U ‡UªWviÓ Zvn‡j cY¨ †Kv_vq †`q ev wewμ K‡ib? bv Dwb me wb‡R Lvevi wn‡m‡e MÖnY K‡ib?

K‡ib|

GLb GB †fv³v KvW©wU gv‡K©U †UªWvi Kv‡©Wi c‡i GKUz ¯’vb / RvqMv dvuKv †i‡L jvMvb hv‡Z H k~Y¨¯’v‡b cieZ©x‡Z cÖwμqvRvZKvix I LyPiv we‡μZv KvW© `ywU jvMv‡bv hvq|

GLb mnvqK cÖkœ Ki‡eb - †fv³viv wK avb Lvq? avb †_‡K wK wK ˆZwi nq?

avb †_‡K Pvj, wPov, gywo BZ¨vw` ˆZwi nq|

wPÎ t e¨vKIqvW© wjs‡¼R

DcKiY DcKiYwe‡μZv

K…lKev

Drcv`K

12

DËi Pvj wgj gvwjK ev cÖwμqvRvZKvix|

we‡μZv ?

hw` DËi - AvoZ`vi/Pv‡ji †gvKvg nq, Zvn‡j AvoZ`vi/Pv‡ji †gvKvg KvW©wU cÖwμqvRvZKvixi c‡i †fv³vi gv‡S GKUz dvuK †i‡L emvb, †hb LyPiv we‡μZv KvW©wU c‡i emv‡bv hvq|

GLb cÖkœ K‡ib - †fv³viv ‡Kv_v ‡_‡K ÓPvjÓ μq K‡ib? cÖwμqvRvZKvix bv AvoZ`vi/Pv‡ji †gvKvg bv LyPiv we‡μZv ?

hw` DËi nq LyPiv we‡μZv -

Drcv`K n‡Z MÖvnK ev †fv³vi w`‡K †h wjs‡¼R cwiPvwjZ nq Zv‡K d‡ivqvW© wjs‡¼R e‡j|

Gevi avb f¨vjy †PBb wU cÖwkÿYv_©©x‡ì †`Lvb|

Gici Ab¨‡Kvb c‡Yï K_v wPšÍv Kiyb| H cY¨wUI wK GKB iKg f¨vjy †PBb AbymiY K‡i? hw` K‡i Zvn‡j Gevi mevB‡K eywS‡q ejyb †h, mvaviYfv‡e cÖvq me c‡Yï cÖevn‡K Gfv‡e f¨vjy †PBb Gi gva¨‡g †`Lv‡bv hvq|

wPÎ t d‡ivqvW© wjs‡¼R

wPÎ t GKwU ‡gŠwjK f¨vjy ‡PBb g¨vc

K…lK cvBKvicÖwμqv

RvZKvixAvoZ`vi

LyPivwe‡μZv

‡fv³v /‡μZv

13

Gevi mnvqK f¨vjy †PBb Gi msÁv w`‡eb -

‡cuŠQv‡Z f~wgKv iv‡L Zv‡ì mgš^q|

A_ev

g‡a¨ GKwU wbw`©ó cY¨ ev †mev †Kbv †ePvi D‡Ï‡k¨ cÖv_wgK Drcv`bKvix †_‡K me©‡kl †fv³vi Kv‡Q †cŠuQv‡bvi Rb¨ ‡h avc ¸‡jv AwZμg K‡i, ZvB ms‡ÿ‡c f¨vjy †PBb |

mnvqK AskMÖnYKvix‡ì cÖkœ Ki‡eb G¨v±i ej‡Z Zviv wK ey‡Sb? AZtci mnvqK AskMÖnYKvix‡ì

m`¨ ‰Zwi f¨vjy †PBbwU e¨vL¨v Ki‡eb| mnvqK e¨vL¨v Ki‡eb †h,

G¨v±i, †Kbbv †m gvQ‡K †fv³vi Kv‡Q †cŠuQv‡bvi KvRwU K‡i| Zvi f~wgKv Qvov †fv³vi Kv‡Q gvQ †cŠQv‡e bv| welqwU Av‡iv fv‡jvfv‡e †`Lv hvK| XvKv kn‡i emevmKvix GKRb †fv³vi Kv‡Q gvQ †cŠQv‡e bv, hw` gv‡K©U †UªWvi gv‡Qi mieivn wbwðZ Ki‡Z bv cv‡i| Kv‡RB †`Lv hv‡”Q, f¨vjy †PB‡bi mvdj¨ wbf©i K‡i Gi bvbv G¨v±i‡ì cvi¯úwiK †jb‡`‡bi Dci|

G¨v±iMY GK GKRb G‡KKwU ejq Gi gZ, GKRb Av‡iKR‡bi mv‡_ Ggbfv‡e †j‡M _v‡K †hb GKwU gvjv ev †PBb|

‡Kvb cY¨ ev †mev Drcv`K †_‡K †fv³v ch©šÍ †cŠQvq wewfbœ G¨v±i‡ì nvZ e`‡ji gva¨‡g| Kv‡RB c‡Yï bv‡gB †mB f¨vjy †PBbwU cwiwPZ nq| †hgb- cv½vm gvQ f¨vjy †PBb, m~h©g~Lx f¨vjy †PBb, wPswo f¨vjy †PBb, Kijv f¨vjy †PBb, cvU f¨vjy †PBb BZ¨vw`|

avc - 4 : mvims‡ÿc

mnvqK †mk‡bi Av‡jvPbvi mvims‡ÿc Ki‡eb Ges mKj‡K abëv` Rvwb‡q ‡mkb †kl Kiæb|

wPÎ t GKwU †gŠwjK f¨vjy‡PBb g¨vc


K…lK/Drcv`b

cvBKvi cÖwμqvRvZKvix

AvoZ`vi LyPivwe‡μZv

‡fv³v/‡μZv

14

‡bvU

Drcv`K †_‡K †fv³v ch©šÍ ‡cŠuQv‡Z f~wgKv iv‡L Zv‡ì mgš^q|

A_ev

hviv wb‡R‡ì g‡a¨ GKwU wbw`©ó cY¨ ev †mev †Kbv †ePvi D‡Ï‡k¨ cÖv_wgK Drcv`bKvix †_‡K me©‡kl †fv³vi Kv‡Q †cuŠQv‡bvi Rb¨ ‡h avc ¸‡jv AwZμg K‡i ZvnvB ms‡ÿ‡c f¨vjy †PBb |

†PB‡b|

K„wl A_©‰bwZK Kvh©μg ¸‡jvi g‡a¨ `ywU wfbœ ai‡Yi wjs‡KR/ms‡hvM †`L‡Z cvIqv hvq| †hgb-

e¨vKIqv©W wjs‡KR/ms‡hvM

d‡ivqvW© wjs‡KR/ms‡hvM

e¨vKIqv©W wjs‡KR:

d‡ivqvW© wjs‡KR: d‡ivqvW© wjs‡KR Drcv`K n‡Z MÖvnK ev †μZv‡ì (cvBKvi, dwoqv, ‡ecvix, AvoZ`vi, cÖwμqvRvZKvix, LyPiv we‡μZv I †fv³v) w`‡K cwiPvwjZ nq|

15


†mk‡bi wk‡ivbvg t


mv‡cvU© dvskb G wK wK welq RwoZ? cwienb, A_©/†jvb, cÖhyw³ mnvqZv, AeKvVv†gv f¨vjy †PBb Dbœq‡b wK f~wgKv

eëmv mnvqK cwi‡ek G wK wK welq RwoZ? AvBb I wewagvjv, wbqg, mvgvwRK ms¯‹vi ev mvs¯‹…wZK welq/ KvjPvi

†mk‡bi welq-Abywelq t mv‡cvU© dvskb - cwienb, A_©/†jvb , cÖhyw³ mnvqZv, AeKvVv†gv

eëmv mnvqK cwi‡ek - AvBb I wewagvjv, wbqg, mvgvwRK ms¯‹vi ev mvs¯‹…wZK welq, KvjPvi


cÖwk¶Y c×wZ t gy³ Av‡jvPbv, †cv÷vi cÖ`k©b, wfcKvW© (VIPP-Visualization In Participatory Programme), gvwëwgwWqv cÖ‡R±i, `jMZ KvR, `jMZ KvR Dc ’vcbv BZ¨vw`|

cÖwk¶Y DcKiY t †cv÷vi (nv‡Z †jLv), wfcKvW©, †cv÷vi †ccvi, gvK©vi, †evW©gvK©vi, †Uwbm ej BZ¨vw`|


avc - 1 : m~Pbv

mKj‡K ¯vMZ, ï‡f”Qv I Af¨_©bv Rvbvb|

avc - 2 : cÖwk¶‡Yi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv I D‡Ïk¨ e¨vL¨v gy³ Av‡jvPbv c×wZ‡Z AskMÖnYKvix‡ì gv‡S Av‡jvP¨ wel‡qi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv Zz‡j aiv|

‡mkb Gi g~j D‡Ïk¨ I mvaviY D‡Ïk¨ welqK †cv÷vi cÖ`k©b K‡i, †cv÷v‡i ewY©Z D‡Ïk¨¸‡jv e¨vL¨v Kiv|



mnvqK f¨vjy †PB‡bi mvaviY KvVv‡gvwU †`Lv‡eb I Av‡jvPbv ïiæ Ki‡eb| mnvqK cÖkœ Ki‡eb ïaygvÎ GLb ch©šÍ hw`

Drcv`‡Ki KvQ †_‡K †fv³vi Kv‡Q †cŠu‡Q?

16

f¨vjy †PBb KvVv‡gvwUi Dc‡i jvMv‡eb|

mnvqK AskMªnYKvix‡ì wPšÍv Ki‡Z ej‡eb,

hLb GKRb K…lK avb/wZj/ZigyR/gyM Wvj Pvl Ki‡Z Pvq wKš‘ exR ev mvi †Kbvi mvg_© †bB? Zvi A_© wK?

Zvn‡j DËiwU we‡kølb Ki‡j ejv hvq wewb‡qvM Kivi ¶gZv Kg| A_©‰bwZK mnvqZvi cÖ‡qvRb| GLb mnvqK

hw` GKRb K…lK ÷ª‡eix Pvl Ki‡Z Pvb wKš‘ wZwb Rv‡bb bv †h wKfv‡e Pvl Ki‡Z n‡e? Zvn‡j Zvi wK wK wel‡q Z_¨ cÖ‡qvRb? †Kv_vq Zv cvIqv hv‡e?

mnvqK cÖkœ Ki‡eb †Kvb cY¨ Drcbœ Ki‡eb GB e¨vcv‡i K…l‡Kiv wKfv‡e wm×všÍ †bq? e¨vL¨v Kiæb †h, †h c‡Yï Pvwn`v Av‡Q K…lK‡ì †mB cY¨ Drcv`b Kiv DwPZ| †hgb- evRv‡i meyR U‡g‡Uvi Pvwn`v _v‡K Zvn‡j K…lK‡ì meyR

Gfv‡e mnvqK bvbv mnvqK †mev ‡jv wPwýZ Ki‡Z mvnvh¨ Ki‡eb Ges Zv g~j f¨vjy †PB‡bi Dc‡i jvMv‡eb Ges cybivq

wPÎ t GKwU †gŠwjK f¨vjy ‡PBb I mv‡cvU© dvskb

cwienb

e¨vsK/FY cÖ`vbKvixGbwRI

`ÿZv/ÿgZv

Z_¨ M‡elYv mv‡cvwU©s dvskb

AeKvVv‡gv


K…lK/Drcv`b


AvoZ`vi LyPivwe‡μZv

‡fv³v/‡μZv

eëmv mnvqK bxwZgvjv cÖbqYKvix G¨v±i wPwýZ Kivi D‡Ï‡k¨ mnvqK Rvb‡Z PvB‡eb, f¨vjy †PB‡bi Rb¨ wbqg

wPswo gv‡Qi g‡a¨ †Kvb wKQz Bb‡RKk‡bi gva¨‡g XywK‡q †`qv wbwl×| wPswo gv‡Qi wW‡cv gvwjK‡ì GB eëmv Kivi R‡b¨ wKQz miKvwi wb‡`©kbv †g‡b Pj‡Z nq †hgb jvB‡mÝ msMÖn, †d¬vi UvBjm& w`‡q evavB Kiv BZ¨vw` |

Bwjk gv‡Qi RvUKv aiv wb‡la- GUv GKUv AvBb|

cv‡k jvMv‡eb |

A‡bK evRv‡i gwnjv Drcv`K / we‡μZv‡ì Rb¨ RvqMv wbw`©ó Kiv _v‡K hv‡Z Zviv weμq Ki‡Z cv‡i |

mKj we‡μZv‡K evRv‡i †Uvj / U¨v· w`‡Z nq| hv KwgwU msMÖn K‡i evRv‡ii Dbœq‡b e¨q K‡i |

Zvn‡j G¸‡jv evRvi cwiPvjbvi wewagvjv| GLb cÖwk¶K GB KvW© c~‡e©i Kv‡W©i cv‡k emv‡eb|

A‡bK ’v‡b cv‡bi ei‡R gwnjv‡ì †h‡Z gvbv Kiv nq -GK ai‡bi aviYv Av‡Q †h, gwnjviv cv‡bi ei‡R XyK‡j Drcv`b Kg n‡e|

KvW© c~‡e©i Kv‡W©i cv‡k jvMv‡eb|

17

eëmv mnvqK

gvb AvBb

AbvbyôvwbKwbqg

wewagvjv

wbqg

wPÎ t GKwU †gŠwjK f¨vjy ‡PBb I eëmv mnvqK cwi‡ek


K…lK/Drcv`b


AvoZ`vi

LyPivwe‡μZv

‡fv³v/‡μZv

f~wgKv Zz‡j ai‡eb| GLv‡b cÖwk¶K GKwU mgwš^Z f¨vjy †PBb KvVv‡gv AskMÖnYKvix‡ì mvg‡b Zz‡j ai‡eb| Gevi ‡evSv‡eb †h, mvgwMÖKfv‡e G‡KB evRvi c×wZ e‡j|

`jMZ KvR mnvqK AskMªnYKvix‡ì `‡j wef³ K‡i Abykxjb Kiv‡eb

mnvqK AskMªnYKvix‡ì `‡j wef³ K‡i Abykxjb Kiv‡eb| AskMªnYKvix‡ì 3wU MÖæ‡c fvM n‡q 3wU c~Y©v½ evRvi c×wZ‡Z `jMZ fv‡e f¨vjy †PBb G¨v±i, mnvqK G¨v±i, bxwZ cÖbqYKvix G¨v±i mg~n wPwýZ Ki‡eb Ges Dc¯’vcb Ki‡eb|

GB c~b©v½ evRvi c×wZ ˆZix KvVv‡gv‡K f¨vjy †PBb gvbwPÎ cÖbqY cÖwμqvI ejv nq 1,2,3,4 Gfv‡e ¸‡b AskMªnYKvix‡ì 4wU MÖæ‡c fvM Ki‡eb| GKUv c¨v‡K‡U PviwU KvW© _vK‡e Ges Zv‡Z 4wU f¨vjy†PBb †jLv _vK‡e| cÖ‡Z¨K MÖæc †_‡K GKRb G‡m GKwU KvW© Zz‡j wb‡e Ges †mB Kv‡W©i ewY©Z f¨vjy †PBbwU wb‡q Zv‡ì evRvi c×wZwU ˆZix Ki‡Z n‡e|

mnvqK wewfbœ e‡Y©i wfcKvW© w`‡eb| †mB me KvW© w`‡q `jMZ fv‡e f¨vjy †PBb mv‡cvU© dvskb I eëmv mnvqK cwi‡ek cÖbqYKvix G¨v±i mg~n wPwýZ K‡i wj‡L mvRv‡Z n‡e| mnvqK Zv‡ì Rvbv‡eb †h, G‡K evRvi gvbwPÎ ˆZix cÖwμqv ejv n‡q _v‡K|

†m¸‡jv cÖ‡qvR‡b ms‡kvab Kiv n‡e |

18

wPÎ t f¨vjy ‡PBb ‡WvbvU / f¨vjy †PBb Gi e„nËi cwimxgv



AvoZ`vi

LyPivwe‡μZv

‡fv³v/‡μZv

eëmv mnvqKcwi‡ek

mv‡cvwU©s dvskb

AvBb AbvbyôvwbK wbqg

wewagvjvcÖ_v/m

vgvwRK

ms¯‹vi

wbqg

cwienb

e¨vsK/FY cÖ`vbKvixGbwRI

cÖhyw³ mnvqZv

Z_¨ M‡elYv

cK…lK/Drcv`b

19

evRvi c×wZ f¨vjy †PBb G¨v±i mnvqK G¨v±i eëmv mnvqK bxwZgvjvi G¨v±i

mv‡cvU© dvskb 1. cwienb 2. A_©/†jvb 3. cÖhyw³ mnvqZv 4. AeKvVv†gv

eëmv mnvqK cwi‡ek 1. AvBb I wewagvjv 2. wbqg 3. mvgvwRK ms¯‹vi ev ms¯‹…wZK welq KvjPvi

evRvi c×wZi avibv eëmv mnvqK cwi‡ek t wewfbœ ai‡bi wbqg-bxwZ hv eëmv mnvqK Kvg¨ cwi‡ek ‰Zix‡Z mnvqZv K‡i| GB ai‡bi wbqg-bxwZ ¸‡jv KLbI cÖvwZôvwbK ev AcÖvwZôvwbK n‡Z cv‡i Avevi KLbI KLbI mvgvwRK †Kvb ms¯‹vi ev bxwZ n‡Z cv‡i| GwU †Kvi/cÖavb f¨vjy †PBb Kvh©μg‡K gvivZœK fv‡e cÖfvweZ K‡i| eëmv mnvqK †mev t miKvix-‡emiKvix mKj ai‡bi KvwiMix, A_©, Z_¨ I cÖhyw³ MZ †mev| hv †Kvi c×wZi cÖavb wbqš¿K/evnK| mKj Kvh©μg GB †Kvi/cÖavb f¨vjy †PBb †K †K› ª K‡i cwiPvwjZ nq|


mnvqK GB ‡mk‡bi mvims‡¶c Zz‡j ai‡eb| Dwb g‡b Kwi‡q w`‡eb mnvqK G±i Ges eëmv mnvqK bxwZgvjv ¸‡jv f¨vjy cÖbqY

cÖwμqvI ejv nq| mnvqK †mk‡bi Av‡jvPbvi mvims‡ÿc Ki‡eb Ges mKj‡K abëv` Rvwb‡q ‡mkb †kl Ki‡eb|

‡bvU

20


†mk‡bi wk‡ivbvg t f¨vjy ‡PBb wKfv‡e KvR K‡i


¯’vbxq evRvi, AvÂwjK evRvi, RvZxq evRvi, AvšÍR©vwZK evRvi

‡fv³vi Pvwn`v

†mk‡bi welq-Abywelq t

msw¶ß f¨vjy †PBb Ges `xN© f¨vjy †PBb| ¯’vbxq evRvi, AvÂwjK evRvi, RvZxq evRvi, AvšÍR©vwZK evRvi

‡fv³vi Pvwn`v

c‡Y¨i g~j¨ wba©vib Ges g~j¨ ms‡hvRb


cÖwk¶Y c×wZ t gy³ Av‡jvPbv, †cv÷vi cÖ`k©b, wfcKvW© ( VIPP-Visualization In Participatory Programme ), BZ¨vw`|

cÖwk¶Y DcKiY t †cv÷vi (nv‡Z †jLv), wfcKvW©, †cv÷vi †ccvi, gvK©vi, †evW©gvK©vi, BZ¨vw`|

†mkb mnvqZv cÖwμqv t m~Pbv I cwiwPwZ

avc - 1 : m~Pbv







mnvqK mKj‡K g‡b Kwi‡q w`‡eb †h, Avgiv weMZ Awa‡ek‡b wk‡LwQ †h, cÖ‡Z¨K cY¨, Drcv`b †_‡K †fv³vi Kv‡Q

G±‡ii nvZ e`‡ji mgq μq-weμq nq, hvi cwimgvwß N‡U hLb cY¨wU wewfbœ G±‡ii nvZ e`‡ji gva¨‡g †fv³vi Kv‡Q †cŠuQvq|

mnvqK Gevi gvQ f¨vjy‡PBbwU †`Lv‡eb Ges Av‡jvPbv ïiæ Ki‡eb-

mvavibZ: cÖ‡Z¨K f¨vjy †PB‡b GKRb PzovšÍ †fv³v _v‡K|

Zvn‡j †fv³v wK Pvq?

DËi n‡jv - ZvRv gvQ| Avi wK n‡Z cv‡i ? hw` †fv³v ZvRv gvQ bv cvq? (G±i ev †fv³v gvQB wKb‡e bv ev Kg gvQ wKb‡e)|

d‡j gv‡Qi wewμ K‡g hv‡e, gvQ we‡μZvi Kv‡Q gvQ †ekx cwigv‡b †_‡K hv‡e, jvf K‡g hv‡e|

Zvn‡j Gi cwiYv‡g LyPiv gvQ we‡μZv ciewZ©‡Z Kg gvQ wKb‡e A_ev gvQ mieivnKvix cwieZ©b Ki‡e| Gi cÖfve Avevi co‡e gvQ Pvlxi Dci, cvBKvi Kg gvQ wKb‡e A_ev gvQ-Pvlxi Rb¨ fvj `v‡g †μZv cvIqv Lye KwVb n‡q co‡e|

GKBfv‡e mnvqK Pvj (wPKb/cwi®‹vi?)/ `ya (Nb /fvj/ cvZjv/ Kg fvj?) cÖf…wZ f¨vjyy †PBb AeZvobv K‡i eY©bv Ki‡eb †h, †fv³vi Pvwn`v Abyhvqx cY¨ mieivn Ki‡Z cvi‡j c‡Yï Pvwn`v e„w× cvq|

ZvRv I UvUKv U‡g‡Uv)| hw` †fv³v meyR U‡g‡Uv †ekx `vg w`‡q wKb‡Z Pvq Zvn‡j K…lK‡ìI meyR U‡g‡Uv Pvl Kiv DwPZ|

Zvn‡j GUv ejv hvq †h, hw` cY¨ PzovšÍ †fv³vi cQ›`gZ bv nq Zvn‡j Zvi Pvwn`v K‡g hvq, PzovšÍ †fv³v hv wKb‡Z Pvq Ab¨ me G±i‡ì †mB cY¨B Drcbœ I mieivn Kiv DwPZ| Drcvw`Z cY¨ hw` PzovšÍ †fv³vi Pvwn`v gZ bv nq Zvn‡j f¨vjy †PBb mwVKfv‡e KvR Ki‡e bv| |

†fv³vi Kv‡Q hvq|

- msw¶ß f¨vjy †PBb Ges - `xN© f¨vjy †PBb| mnvqK cybivq gvQ f¨vjy †PBbwU †`Lv‡eb|

21

D‡Ïk¨ nj wewfbœ ai‡bi evRvi †hgb - - ’vbxq evRvi - AvÂwjK evRvi - RvZxq evRvi - AvšÍR©vwZK evRvi |

gvQ cvqiv b`x‡Z (AvgZjx evRvi Gi Kv‡Q) a‡i hw` AvgZjx / cUzqvLvjx evRv‡i wewμ Kiv nq Zvn‡j G±‡ii msL¨v n‡e LyeB Kg| G‡¶‡Î AvgZjx / cUzqvLvjx evRvi‡K ejv hv‡e ¯’vbxq evRvi |

Avi hw`, †mB gvQ ewikvj evRv‡i wewμ nq,Zvn‡j ewikvj n‡e AvÂwjK evRvi Avi hw` gvQ XvKvq hvq Zvn‡j †ek

Avi hw` gvQ ißvbx nq Ges †KvjKvZvq wewμ nq, Zvn‡j †mUv n‡e AvšÍR©vwZK evRvi |

Zvn‡j Avgiv †`LwQ †h PzovšÍ †fv³v _v‡Kb †kl evRv‡i Ges †mUv Kv‡QI n‡Z cv‡i Avevi A‡bK `~‡iI n‡Z cv‡i| A‡bK ÓG±iÓ Gi gv‡S _vK‡Z cv‡i Avevi ¯í msL¨K G±iI n‡Z cv‡i|

(GLv‡b ißvbx‡hvM¨ wPswo f¨vjy †PBb wb‡q Av‡jvPbv K‡i mnvqK ¯’vbxq, AvÂwjK/ RvZxq ev AvšÍR©vwZK evRvi e¨vL¨v w`‡Z cv‡ib| )

GLb mnvqK msw¶ß f¨vjy †PBb Ges `xN© f¨vjy †PBb e¨vLv Ki‡eb|

mnvqK mswÿß f¨vjy †PBb Gi Rb¨ K…lK chv©‡q emZevox‡Z †`wk nuvm- gyiMxi wWg eëmvi K_v ej‡eb Ges `xN© f¨vjy †PBb Gi Rb¨ wPswo eëmvi K_v ej‡eb| mnvqK AskMÖnYKvix‡ì cÖkœ Ki‡eb emZevox‡Z Drcvw`Z †`wk nuvm- gyiMxi wWg †Kv_vq wewμ nq ? KZ evi nvZ e`j nq ? KZ eëmvqx ev gv‡K©U G±i RwoZ ? KZ ~i ch©šÍ wewμ nq ?

nuvm- gyiMxi wWg cÖwZ‡ewki Kv‡Q, Kv‡Qi nvU/evRv‡i, KLbI KLbI Kv‡Qi Dc‡Rjv/ †Rjv evRv‡i|

Aí msL¨K eëmvqx RwoZ, Aí msL¨K evi nvZ e`j nq|

mnvqK Gevi mswÿß f¨vjy †PBb Gi msÁv ej‡eb .........

hLb †Kvb cY¨ Drcv`K †_‡K †fv³vi Kv‡Q †cŠuQv‡bvi R‡b¨ ZzjbvgyjK Kg msw¶ß f¨vjy †PBb ejv †h‡Z cv‡i| D`vniY ‡`kx gyiMxi wWg| ‡`kx gyiMxi wWg †cvìv‡i cvIqv hvq Ges †cvìv‡ii wfZ‡iB cÖwZ‡ekx/†μZvi Kv‡Q ev ¯’vbxq evRv‡i wewμ nq|

22

wPÎ t mswÿß f¨vjy ‡PBb

‡μZv/ †fv³v

LyPiv we‡μZv

wWg cvBKvi

wWg msMÖvnK

wWg Drcv`K

mnvqK AskMÖnYKvix‡ì cÖkœ Ki‡eb wPswo †Kv_vq ‡Kv_vq wewμ nq ? KZ evi nvZ e`j nq ? KZ eëmvqx ev gv‡K©U G±i RwoZ ? KZ `~i ch©šÍ wewμ nq ?

Kv‡Q, wefvMxq ev RvZxq evRv‡i, GgbwK AvšÍR©vwZK evRv‡i|

cÖPzi msL¨K eëmvqx RwoZ, A‡bK msL¨K evi nvZ e`j nq|

mnvqK Gevi `xN© f¨vjy †PBb Gi msÁv ej‡eb .........

mgq †ekx jv‡M, A‡bK nvZ e`j nq, A‡bK ~‡ii PzovšÍ †fv³vi Kv‡Q †cŠuQvqZLb †mUv‡K msw¶ß f¨vjy †PBb ejv †h‡Z cv‡i| GUv mvavibZt GKwU RwUjcÖwμqv|

Avevi hw` ißvbx‡hvM¨ Bwjk gv‡Qi K_v wPšÍv Kwi Zvn‡j †`Le †h, †mLv‡b A‡bK G±i Av‡Q, A‡bK msL¨K evi nvZ e`j nq Ges A‡bK ~‡ii PzovšÍ†fv³vi Kv‡Q †cŠuQvq|

mnvqK ZigyR f¨vjy ‡PB‡bi `yB ai‡bi KvVv‡gv †`Lv‡eb| hv‡ì GKwU‡ZAvÂwjK evRvi (cUzqvLvjx ) Ges AciwU‡Z RvZxq evRvi (XvKv) †`Lv‡bvn‡q‡Q| cÖwk¶K e¨vL¨v Ki‡eb †h, wewfbœ ¯’v‡b Zigy‡Ri wewfbœ `vg Ges GiKvib ¸‡jv n‡”Q- - cwienb LiP, - c‡Yï ¸bMZ ¶wZ / c‡Yï cwienbRwbZ ÿwZ - wewb‡qvM / msiÿb LiP - Pvu`v / Kwgkb BZ¨vw`|

wfZ‡i ev Gi Kv‡Qi evRv‡i ZzjbvgyjK †ekx Dc‡Rjv evRv‡ii †P‡q| DbœZRv‡Zi ex‡Ri `vg Lyjbvq Kg wKš‘ ewUqvNvUvq †ekx |

‡Kb Ggb nq?ewUqvNvUvi LyPiv we‡μZv -ex‡Ri `v‡gi mv‡_ - hvZvqvZ LiP, - msi¶K LiP wewb‡qvM Ges - e¨wqZ mgq-LiP †hvM K‡i|

GKB Kvi‡b ¶z`ª we‡μZv hviv †cvìv‡ii wfZ‡i ev KvQvKvwQ evRv‡i exR wewμK‡ib, Zv‡ì g~j¨ ewUqvNvUvi †_‡K wKQz †ewk|

23

wPÎ t `xN© f¨vjy ‡PBb

`~ieZx© †μZv/we‡`kx †μZv

mycvi kc

we‡`kx †μZv/eëmvqx

ißvbxKviK

cÖwμqvRvZKvix

wPswo Kwgkb G‡R›U

wPswo AvoZ`vi

wPswo dwoqv

wPswo Pvlx/Drcv`bKvix

wPswo bvm©vix

‡iYy Kwgkb G‡R›U

wPswo ‡iYy AvoZ`vi

wPswo ‡iYy dwoqv

wPswo ‡iYy AvniYKvix

Av‡iKUv D`vnib n‡”Q,Avjyi vg| kxZKv‡j hLb Avjy D‡V ZLb A‡bK K…lK 5/7 UvKv †KwR ‡i DVv‡b Avjy wewμ Ki‡Z cv‡i| †mB Avjyi e¸ov evRv‡i 8/10 UvKv †KwR‡Z wewμ nq| XvKv‡Z GKB mgq ZLb evRv‡i Avjyi `vg 13/15 UvKv n‡Z cv‡i| Zvn‡j †`Lv hvq,c‡Yï g~j¨ e„w×i Rb¨ cwienb wewb‡qvM, Pvu`v, c‡bï ¶wZ, msi¶K, kªwgK Ges AeKvVv‡gv LiP vqx| Avevi Avjyi wPcm Gi vg Avjyi †P‡q †ek †ewk| Avgiv hw` GKUy Mfxi fv‡e jÿ¨ Kwi, Zvn‡j †`L‡ev †h, wewfbœ cÖKvi wPcm Gi `vg wewfbœ Ges wPcm Gi ¸bMZ gvb, †gvoK Gi gvb I LiPI wfbœ|

GKB fv‡e kxZKv‡j hLb U‡g‡Uv D‡V ZLb A‡bK K…lK 10/12 UvKv †KwR `‡i DVv‡b U‡g‡Uv wewμ Ki‡Z cv‡i| †mB U‡g‡Uv gvwbKMÄ evRv‡i 14/15 UvKv †KwR‡Z wewμ nq| XvKv‡Z GKB mgq ZLb evRv‡i Avjyi `vg 19/20 UvKv n‡Z cv‡i| Zvn‡j †`Lv hvq,c‡Yï g~j¨ e„w×i Rb¨ cwienb wewb‡qvM, Pvu`v, c‡bï ¶wZ, msi¶Y/ †Kvì †óv‡iR fvov, kªwgK Ges AeKvVv‡gv LiP `vqx| Avevi U‡g‡Uv mm Gi `vg U‡g‡Uvi †P‡q †ek †ewk| Avgiv hw` GKUy Mfxi fv‡e jÿ¨ Kwi, Zvn‡j †`L‡ev †h, wewfbœ cÖKvi mm Gi `vg wewfbœ Ges mm Gi ¸bMZ gvb, †gvoK Gi gvb I LiPI wfbœ|

Kv‡RB wewfbœ ¯Í‡i c‡Yï g~j¨ e„w× cvq hLb GKRb G±i Kv©hwU cvjb K‡i hvi mv‡_ Li‡Pi mshyw³ Av‡Q †Kbbv cÖ‡Z¨K G±i †K Aek¨B wKQz DcvR©b Ki‡Z n‡e RxweKvi R‡b¨ |

Avjyi wPcm& A‡bK †ekx `v‡g wewμ nq †Kbbv wPcm& evRviRvZ Ki‡Z cÖwμqvRvZKib/ ‡gvoKRvZKib /wecbb cÖf…wZ LiP hy³ nq|

Zigy‡Ri im †ekx `v‡g wewμ nq| c‡Yï g~j¨ ev‡o g~j¨ ms‡hvR‡bi Kvi‡Y| cY¨ cÖwμqvRvZKi‡bi cÖwZwU ch©v‡q LiP Av‡Q hvi d‡j c‡Yï g~j¨ ev‡o|

cÖwk¶K Avjyi wPcm/Zigy‡Ri i‡mi g~j¨ e„w×i welq¸‡jv AeZvobv K‡i g~j¨ e„w× I AwaK gybvdv msμvšÍ avibvwUi wel‡q g‡bv‡hvM AvK©lb Ki‡eb|

Pv‡ji gyj¨ e„w× cv‡”Q hLb Drcv`K ‡_‡K nvZ e`j n‡q †ecvwi cÖwμqvRvZKib, AvoZ, cvBKvix we‡μZv, LyPiv

ev AwZwi³ KvR¸‡jv GKUz we¯ÍvwiZ fv‡e we‡kølb Kiv hvq

24


mieivn Ki‡Z n‡e| wewfbœ c‡Yï Rb¨ wewfbœ ai‡bi evRvi Av‡Q †hgb- ¯’vbxq, AvÂwjK, RvZxq Ges AvšÍR©vwZK| Kv‡RB f¨vjy †PBb I evRvi, G±i I †fv³vi Dci wbf©i K‡i msw¶ß ev `xN© n‡Z cv‡i| G±i‡ì nvZ e`‡ji mv‡_ mv‡_ c‡Yï g~j¨ ev‡o, c‡bï ¸bMZ gvb ev‡o g~j¨ ms‡hvR‡bi gva¨‡g, hv wewfbœ G±i I Zv‡ì Kv‡Ri gva¨‡g AwR©Z nq| Kv‡RB †μZv †kvl‡bi avibvwU memgq mwVK bq| mnvqK †mk‡bi Av‡jvPbvi mvims‡ÿc Ki‡eb Ges mKj‡K abëv` Rvwb‡q ‡mkb †kl Ki‡eb|

†bvU

25

D`vnib: ‡`kx gyiMxi wWg| ‡`kx gyiMxi wWg †cvìv‡ii wfZi cvIqv hvq Avevi †cvìv‡ii wfZ‡iB cÖwZ‡ekx/†μZvi Kv‡Q ev ¯’vbxq evRv‡i wewμ nq|

mgqI jv‡M, A‡bK nvZ e`j nq, A‡bK ~‡ii PzovšÍ †fv³vi Kv‡Q †cŠuQvq| ZLb †mUv‡K `xN© f¨vjy †PBb ejv †h‡Z cv‡i | GUv mvavibZt GKwU RwUj cÖwμqv |

Avevi hw` ißvbx‡hvM¨ Bwjk K_v wPšÍv Kwi Zvn‡j †`Le †h, †mLv‡b A‡bK G±i Av‡Q, A‡bK msL¨K evi nvZ e`j nq Ges A‡bK ~‡ii PzovšÍ †fv³vi Kv‡Q †cŠuQvq|

wewfbœ ai‡bi evRvi †hgb : ’vbxq evRvi AvÂwjK evRvi RvZxq evRvi AvšÍR©vwZK evRvi gvQ cvqiv b`x‡Z (AvgZjx evRvi Gi Kv‡Q) a‡i hw` AvgZjx /cUzqvLvjx evRv‡i wewμ Kiv nq Zvn‡j G±‡ii msL¨v n‡e LyeB Kg| G‡¶‡Î AvgZjx/cUzqvLvjx evRvi‡K ejv hv‡e ¯’vbxq evRvi

AvÂwjK evRvi hw` †mB gvQ ewikvj evRv‡i wewμ nq,Zvn‡j ewikvj n‡e AvÂwjK evRvi

RvZxq evRvi n‡e| XvKvi evRvi GB †¶‡Î n‡e RvZxq gv‡K©U

AvšÍR©vwZK evRvi hw` gvQ ißvbx nq Zvn‡j †mUv n‡e AvšÍR©vwZK evRvi

26

Zvn‡j Avgiv †`LwQ †h PzovšÍ †fv³v _v‡Kb †kl evRv‡i Ges †mUv Kv‡QI n‡Z cv‡i Avevi A‡bK

ißvbx‡hvM¨ wPswo f¨vjy †PBb - ¯’vbxq, AvÂwjK RvZxq ev AvšÍR©vwZK evRvi

wewfbœ ’v‡b dmj/c‡Y¨i wewfbœ `vg Ges Gi Kvib¸‡jv n‡”Q- - cwienb LiP, - c‡Y¨i ¸bMZ ¶wZ - wewb‡qvM, - Pvu`v/Kwgkb BZ¨vw`| ‡Kb LyPiv we‡μZvi †`vKv‡b cvBKvix we‡μZvi †_‡K `vg †ewk nq?

KviY LyPiv we‡μZvi ex‡Ri `v‡gi mv‡_ - - hvZvqvZ LiP, - msi¶Y LiP wewb‡qM Ges - e¨wqZ mgq-LiP †hvM K‡i|

27


†mk‡bi wk‡ivbvg t f¨vjy †PBb Gi mgm¨v I euvav mgyn


f¨vjy †PBb Gi mgm¨v I euvav mgyn wK wK n‡Z cv‡i Zv e¨vL¨v Kiv

Zv Rvbv‡bv

Zv e¨vL¨v Kiv

Zv eY©bv Kiv

Zv Av‡jvPbv Kiv

Zv e¨vL¨v Kiv

Zv Rvbv‡bv I eySv‡bv


†mk‡bi †gqv` t 120.00 wgwbU cÖwk¶Y c×wZ t gy³ Av‡jvPbv, eo `‡j Av‡jvPbv, wcwcwU, cÖkœ-DËi, †cv÷vi cÖ`k©b, wfcKvW© (VIPP-Visualization In Participatory Programme), BZ¨vw`|

cÖwk¶Y DcKiY t †cv÷vi (nv‡Z †jLv), wfcKvW©, †cv÷vi †ccvi, gvK©vi, †evW©gvK©vi, gvwëwgwWqv cÖ‡R±i BZ¨vw`|

28

Drcv`b

mgm¨v

cÖwZwμqv

DcKiY DcKiY DcKiY


avc - 1 : m~Pbv



‡mkb Gi g~j D‡Ïk¨ I mvaviY D‡Ïk¨ welqK †cv÷vi cÖ`k©b K‡i, †cv÷v‡i ewY©Z D‡Ïk¨¸‡jv e¨vL¨v Kiv| GB ‡mk‡bi g~j jÿ¨ n‡jv Av‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g GKwU †gŠwjK f¨vjy †PBb AsKb K‡i Zv mKj‡K AewnZ Kiv|

wK wK Rvbv Av‡Q Ges ‡Kv_v †_‡K Zviv †R‡b‡Qb| Zv‡ì †Ìqv DËi¸‡jv †ev‡W© wjLyb|



mnvqK cÖ‡kœv‡Ëv‡ii gva¨‡g AskMÖnYKvix‡ì Kv‡Q Rvb‡Z PvB‡eb Drcv`K ev K…lK‡ì eëmv cwiPvjbv Ki‡Z wK


Gici mnvqK ej‡eb †h,

Drcv`b

DcKib

evRviRvZ

g~jab

29

mgm¨v Lvivc exR eënvi ev D”Pdjbkxj ex‡Ri eënvi bv Rvbv wewfbœ ai‡bi mv‡ii mwVK eënvi bv Rvbv fyj KxUbvkK, eënvigvÎv fzj nIqv ev cÖ‡qvM ch©vq fyj nIqv Rwg mwVK fv‡e cÖ¯‘Z bv nIqv †mP ev Rj wb®‹vk‡bi eë¯’v bv _vKv GdGdGm †_‡K wPwýZ mgm¨v

cÖwZwμqv

Kvsw¶Z djb bv cvIqvi d‡j Drcv`‡Ki jvf Kg nIqv, c‡Yï ¸bMZ gvb Lvivc nIqv (ÿz`ª, Acwic°) hv evRv‡i mieivn Ki‡j †fv³v wKb‡Z AvMÖnx n‡e bv, d‡j Pvwn`v K‡g hv‡e

Ggb mgq cY¨ evRviRvZ Kiv, hLb evRvi H c‡Y¨ mqjve d‡j c‡Yï g~j¨ K‡g hv‡e|

Zv‡ì m‡PZbZv e„w× Ges Drcv`b cwiKíbvi Dbœqb (wK ai‡bi cY¨ Drcv`b Kiv fvj) Gi gva¨‡g Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| †Lqvj ivL‡Z n‡e †h, GdGdGm ¸‡jv hv‡Z `jxq wfwË‡Z nq, d‡j A‡bK K„lK `¶Zvi mv‡_ Z_¨¸‡jv wewbgq Ki‡Z m¶g n‡e|

mnvqK cÖ‡kœv‡Ëv‡ii gva¨‡g AskMÖnYKvix‡ì Kv‡Q Rvb‡Z PvB‡eb DcKiY ch©v‡q wK wK ai‡bi mgm¨v †`Lv hvq?



mgm¨v: fvjgv‡bi exR ¯’vbxqfv‡e cvIqv hvq bv| ’vbxq evRv‡i `vg †ekx| Ab¨ evRvi †_‡K ¯^í cwigv‡b exR msMÖn LiP †ekx c‡i| mvi h_vmg‡q cvIqv hvq bv| eQ‡ii †Kvb †Kvb mgq kªwgK cvIqv hvq bv| (AviI Ab¨vb¨ mgm¨v )

Drcv`K chv©‡q mgm¨v ¸‡jv

DcKiY chv©‡q mgm¨v ¸‡jv

30

cÖwZwμqv: K‡g hv‡e | jv‡fi cwigvb K‡g hv‡e †h‡nZz LiP †ekx n‡”Q d‡j Lvbvi DcvR©b K‡g hv‡e |

GB †¶‡Î †h †Kvb B›Uv‡fbkb MÖnb Kivi j¶¨ n‡e

fvj b¨vh¨ g~‡j¨ DcKi‡Yi cÖvc¨Zv ¯’vbxq evRv‡i evov‡bv ev K…lK‡ì evRvi †_‡K †Kbv‡K mnR K‡i †Zvjv |

mnvqK cÖ‡kœv‡Ëv‡ii gva¨‡g AskMÖnYKvix‡ì Kv‡Q Rvb‡Z PvB‡eb evRviRvZKiY ch©v‡q wK wK ai‡bi mgm¨v †`Lv

AskMÖnYKvixiv †hme DËi w`‡eb Zv mnvqK wjwce× Ki‡eb , Gici mnvqK ej‡eb †h,

mgm¨v: dwiqv ev Ab¨ †μZv K…lK‡K Lvgvi evox‡Z Kg `vg †`q dmj DVvi mgq `vg Kg _v‡K iv Ív Nv‡Ui Ae¯’v fvj bv LiP †ekx c‡i eo evRvi ¸‡jv‡Z c‡Yï `vg †ekx Drcv`‡Kiv eZ©gvb evRvi g~j¨ Rvb‡Z cv‡i bv KLbI nVvr mieivn †e‡o hvq d‡j `vg K‡g hvq fyj mg‡q dmj †Zvjv, d‡j evRv‡i hvIqvi Av‡M cY¨ bó nIqv

cÖwZwμqv:

hw` Drcv`Kiv fvj evRv‡i hvevi †Kvb c_ bv cvq Zvn‡j cÖZ¨vkvi ‡P‡q Kg `v‡g cY¨ wewμ Ki‡Z eva¨ n‡e, d‡j Avq K‡g hv‡e| Kgg~‡j¨ wewμi R‡b¨ jv‡fi cwigvb Kg n‡e| d‡j, Lvbvi Avq K‡g hv‡e|

evRviRvZKiY chv©‡q mgm¨v ¸‡jv

31

Kg g~‡j¨ wewμi R‡b¨ jv‡fi cwigvb Kg n‡e d‡j Lvbvi Avq K‡g hv‡e|

GB j‡¶¨ †h †Kvb B›Uvi‡fbk‡bi D‡Ïk¨ n‡e

Drcv`‡Ki Ae¯’vb‡K kw³kvjx Kiv hv‡Z wewμi Rb¨ †h †ekx Drcv`b Ki‡Z cv‡i, hv‡Z ‡m h_vh_ ¯’v‡b cY¨ wb‡q †h‡Z cv‡i,

mwVK mg‡q wewμ Ki‡Z cv‡i,hv‡Z cwienb LiP Kg nq (cwienb LiP I mgq mvkªq) hv‡Z gv‡K©‡U c‡Yï `vg

GgbwK hv‡Z gwnjv Drcv`Kiv M„‡ni cwie‡Z© evRv‡i Zv‡ì cY¨ wewμ Ki‡Z cv‡i |

wb‡R‡ì g‡a¨ mn‡hvMxZv K‡i `jMZ fv‡e Ki‡Z cv‡i|

mnvqK cÖ‡kœv‡Ëv‡ii gva¨‡g AskMÖnYKvix‡ì Kv‡Q Rvb‡Z PvB‡eb g~jab chv©‡q wK wK ai‡bi mgm¨v †`Lv hvq?



mgm¨v: wbR¯^ gyja‡bi Afv‡e Rwg eÜK wb‡Z ev wbw`©ó km¨ Drcv`b Ki‡Z cv‡i bv | ‡jvb cvIqv KwVb GgGdAvB †_‡K cÖvc¨ †jvb h‡_ó bq my‡ì nvi †ekx mvßvwnK wKw¯Í cÖ`vb mnvqK bq| hš¿cvwZ‡Z wewb‡qvM mnR bq (Ab¨vb¨........)

cÖwZwμqv:

wKb‡Z bv cv‡i, Zvn‡j m¶gZvi Zzjbvq Kg Rwg‡Z Drcv`b Ki‡e| d‡j Lvbvi DcvR©b Kg n‡e|

gyjab msμvšÍ mgm¨v ¸‡jv

32

hw` Drcv`Kiv gyjab msMÖ‡ni †¶‡Î ch©vß we‡kølb K‡i wm×všÍ wb‡Z m¶g bv nb Z‡e Gi SzuwK evo‡e Ges Lvbvi Avq wec‡ì gy‡L _vK‡e|

†h‡Kvb B›Uvi‡fbkb †bevi †¶‡Î j¶¨ ivL‡Z n‡e †h,

K…lK †hb g~ja‡bi eënv‡ii myweav Amyweav¸‡jv we‡ePbv K‡i fvj wm×všÍ (eëmv cwiKíbv) MÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡i|

Zviv GgGdAvB ev e¨vsK †jvb wb‡Z †h‡Z cv‡ib ev `jMZfv‡e mÂq K‡i †hŠ_ wewb‡qv‡Mi gva¨‡g Zvi Drcvw`Z c‡Yï gvb Dbœqb NUv‡Z cv‡ib |

mnvqK cÖ‡kœv‡Ëv‡ii gva¨‡g AskMÖnYKvix‡ì Kv‡Q Rvb‡Z PvB‡eb PzovšÍ †fv³v chv©‡q wK wK ai‡bi mgm¨v †`Lv hvq?



mgm¨v:

ZvRv gvQ cÖvc¨Zv

cÖwZwμqv:

Kg `v‡g wewμ K‡i w`‡eb | GgbwK †mUv hw` GKUy ¶wZ‡ZI nq| Zvn‡j we‡μZvi Avq K‡g hv‡e hw` gvQ ZvRv bv nq | Zvn‡j hw` NUbvwU cÖvqB NU‡Z _v‡K, Zvn‡j gv‡Qi Pvwn`v Kg‡Z _vK‡e,gvQ Drcv`bKvixi

‡fv³vi ch©v‡q Av‡iv mgm¨v n‡Z cv‡i hv‡Z Zvi Pvwn`v K‡g hvq †hgb- gv‡Qi ¸bMZ gvb fvj bq, †gvoKRv‡Z mgm¨v, ch©vß cwigv‡b mieivn †bB, bvbv ai‡bi gvQ cvIqv hvq bv, `vg †ekx BZ¨vw`|

mgvav‡b m¶g nb Zvn‡j f¨vjy †PB‡bi me©v½xb Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ †mUv GKUv fvj B›Uvi‡fbk‡bi my‡hvM m„wó Ki‡Z ZvRv bv _v‡K,Zv n‡j msiÿ‡Yi my‡hvM evov‡bv (‡Kvì †PBb) DwPZ A_ev cwien‡bi h_vh_ myweav ˆZix Kiv DwPZ|

PzovšÍ †fv³v chv©‡q mgm¨v ¸‡jv

33

eë¯’v wb‡Z n‡e|

mnvqK cÖ‡kœv‡Ëv‡ii gva¨‡g AskMÖnYKvix‡ì Kv‡Q Rvb‡Z PvB‡eb, ‡UªWvi chv©‡q wK wK ai‡bi mgm¨v †`Lv hvq?



mgm¨v:

mewRi ev d‡ji ¸bMZ gvb Lvivc †Kbbv cwien‡b mgm¨v ev msi¶‡bi ch©vß eë¯’v †bB d‡j fvj cY¨ mieivn Ki‡Z cv‡ib bv|

Achv©ß mieivn †Kbbv cY¨ eë¯v’cbvq ÎæwUi (û‡Ki eënvi) d‡j c‡Yï ¶wZ nq|

gyja‡bi mxgve×Zvi Kvi‡b ch©vß mieivn bv cvIqv, avi w`‡Z bv cviv ev †ekx †`bvi Rb¨ mieivnKvix K‡g hvIqv|

cÖwZwμqv:

¸bMZgvb eRvq _v‡K bv d‡j †μZviv Zvi KvQ †_‡K Kg †K‡bb,d‡j Zzjbvg~jK Kg jv‡f wewμ Ki‡Z nq|

c‡Yï GKUv Ask AePq nq hv wewμ Kiv hvq bv ev Kg `v‡g wewμ Ki‡Z nq|

ch©vß gyjab bv _vKvi Kvi‡b eëmvi Kvh©μg mxgve× n‡q co‡e Ges my‡hvM nvZQvov n‡e, jvf Kg n‡e, Kg msL¨K †jv‡Ki Kg©ms¯’vb n‡e|

weKí cwienb eë¯’v Kiv ev msi¶b eë¯’vq Dbœqb Kiv hv‡Z c‡Yï fvj gvb eRvq ivLv hvq|

c‡Yï ¶wZ bv nq |

Dchy³ cwiKíbv _vKv hv‡Z e¨vs‡Ki †_‡K ‡jvb cvIqv hvq,A_© eë¯’vcbvi Dbœqb NUv‡bv Ges c~‡e©i fyj †_‡K wk¶v †bqv |

‡UªWvi ch©v‡q mgm¨v ¸‡jv

34

mnvqK cÖ‡kœv‡Ëv‡ii gva¨‡g AskMÖnYKvix‡ì Kv‡Q Rvb‡Z PvB‡eb cÖwμqvRvZKvix chv©‡q wK wK ai‡bi mgm¨v †`Lv



mgm¨v:

hvq bv), Drcv`b ¶gZv Kg (†Zj wgj Kg (%) nv‡i †Zj †ei Ki‡Z cv‡i) A_ev †Z‡ji gvb fvj bv |]

wPswo cÖwμqvRvZKib cÖwZôvb¸‡jv cÖvqB Zv‡ì Drcv`b ¶gZv Abyhvqx fvj wPswo gvQ wW‡cv †_‡K mieivn cvq bv| A‡bKmgq gvQ¸‡jv ZvRv _v‡K bv (ei‡di AfveRwbZ Kvi‡b Lvgvi ch©v‡q ) †fRvj †gkv‡bv wPswo ev ˆRe `~wlZ wPswo mieiv‡ni Kvi‡Y

wZj †_‡K hviv †Zj cÖ¯‘Z K‡ib Zviv fvj gv‡bi wZ‡ji mieivn cvb bv (wZ‡j ayjv gqjv _v‡K ev Av`ª©Zv †ekx _v‡K) Avevi Ggb wZj cvb hv‡Z †Z‡ji kZKiv nvi Kg |

cÖwZwμqv:

Drcv`‡Ki Drcv`b LiP †e‡o hv‡e †Kbbv kªwgK †ekx jvM‡e ev cybivq Av‡iK avc cÖwμqv cÖ‡qvRb n‡Z cv‡i | †mB mv‡_ ¸bMZgvb fvj bv nevi R‡b¨ c‡Yï Pvwn`v Kg n‡e (AvUvi gvb Lvivc ev †Zj cwi‡kvab fvj bv n‡j) †μZviv Kg wKb‡e d‡j jvf Kg n‡e|

cÖwμqvRvZKib LiP ‡e‡o hvq, c‡Yï gvb Lvivc nq Ges ißvbx evRv‡i Kg `vg cvIqv hvq|

Lvivc KvuPvgv‡ji Rb¨ LiP ev‡o| †Kbbv, AwZwi³ evQvB cÖ‡qvRb nq, AePq ev‡o, kyKv‡bvi LiP ev‡o, d‡j Drcv`‡bi LiP ev‡o Drcv`b `¶Zv K‡g, ißvbx Pvwn`v †gUv‡bv hvq bv|

cÖwμqvi

K…lK Ges mieivnKvix ch©v‡q m‡PZbZv e„w× Ki‡Z n‡e, ìKvix †mev, †hgb- eidKj, wngNi myweavi mv‡_ ms‡hvM ’vcb Ki‡Z n‡e ‡hb gvQ fvj _v‡K| wW‡cv gvwjK‡ì `ÿZv I m‡PZbZv e„w× Ki‡Z n‡e hv‡Z gv‡Q †fRvj ev `~lYRbxZ mgm¨v K‡g hvq|

cÖwμqvRvZKvix chv©‡q mgm¨v ¸‡jv

35

Drcv`b DcKiY evRviRvZ g~jab

Drcv`b

mgm¨v

cÖwZwμqv

DcKiY DcKiY DcKiY

DbœZRv‡Zi wZj Pvl, wZj mieivn wbwðZ Kiv, mwVK Av`ª©Zv Ges cwic°Zv wbwðZ Kiv, Pvlx‡ì m¶gZv evov‡bv Ges Zv‡ì mwVK DcKiY mieivnKvixi mv‡_ ms‡hvM NUv‡bv | H mKj mgm¨v ¸‡jv Aek¨B cieZ©x G±i†ì mvd‡jï Dci cÖfve †d‡j| cÖ‡Z¨K mgm¨vi mgvav‡bi gv‡SB eëmvi my‡hvM jywK‡q Av‡Q | Gfv‡eB †UªWvi, cÖwZwμqvRvZKvix G±iiv Ggb cY¨ PvB‡eb hvi evRv‡i Pvwn`v Av‡Q| GB Z_¨¸‡jvB Zviv K‡ib Zvi mgvav‡bi g‡a¨ eëmvi my‡hvM Av‡Q hv eøy †Mvì cÖKí we‡ePbv Ki‡Z Pvq |

hw` H mKj mgm¨v I euvavmg~‡ni mgvavb Øviv H f¨vjy †PBb‡K AviI fvjfv‡e Kvh©Ki Kiv hvq Zvn‡j Zv †fv³vi Pvwn`v AviI fv‡jvfv‡e †gUv‡Z cvi‡e | Dc‡i †h, D`vniY¸‡jv Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q, †mfv‡eB eøy †Mvì cÖKí Drcv`K I Ab¨vb¨ G±i‡ì mv‡_ wb‡q mgm¨v mgvav‡bi j‡¶¨ KvR Ki‡e |

cÖ‡Z¨K B›Uvi‡fk‡bi j¶¨ n‡e GK ev GKvwaK G±‡ii eëmvi Dbœqb hv‡Z mvgMÖxKfv‡e cy‡iv f¨vjy †PBbwU Lye fvjfv‡e KvR Ki‡Z cv‡i Ges PzovšÍ †fv³vi Pvwn`v myPviæ iæ‡c †gUv‡Z cv‡i |

‡bvU

36


†mk‡bi wk‡ivbvg t K…lK chv©‡q Drcv`b ev‡RU

†mk‡bi D‡Ïk¨ t km¨ ev‡RU †Kb Ki‡ev Zv e¨vL¨v Kiv km¨ ev‡RU wKfv‡e Ki‡ev Zv eY©bv Kiv

†mk‡bi welq-Abywelq t km¨ ev‡RU km¨ ev‡RU †Kb Ki‡ev? km¨ ev‡RU wKfv‡e Ki‡ev? GKwU km¨ ev‡R‡U wK wK Z_¨ _v‡K? wewfbœ cÖKvi e¨q

†mk‡bi †gqv` t 150 wgwbU

cÖwk¶Y c×wZ t gy³ Av‡jvPbv, eo `‡j Av‡jvPbv, cÖkœ-DËi, †cv÷vi cÖ`k©b, wfcKvW© (VIPP-Visualization In Participatory Programme), BZ¨vw`|



avc - 1 : m~Pbv



‡mkb Gi g~j D‡Ïk¨ I mvaviY D‡Ïk¨ welqK †cv÷vi cÖ`k©b K‡i, †cv÷v‡i ewY©Z D‡Ïk¨¸‡jv e¨vL¨v Kiv| GB ‡mk‡bi g~j jÿ¨ n‡jv Av‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g GKwU km¨ ev‡RU ˆZwi Kiv Ges Zv mKj‡K AewnZ Kiv|

†_‡K Zviv †R‡b‡Qb| Zv‡`i †`Iqv DËi¸‡jv †ev‡W© wjLyb|



mnvqK cÖ‡kœv‡Ëv‡ii gva¨‡g AskMÖnYKvix‡ì Kv‡Q Rvb‡Z PvB‡eb wK wK ai‡bi ev‡RU n‡Z cv‡i ?

AskMÖnYKvixiv †hme DËi w`‡eb Zv mnvqK wjwce× Ki‡eb -

Gici mnvqK mKj‡K Rvbv‡eb †h,

gybvdv/ jvf wnmve Kiv nq|

mnvqK cÖ‡kœv‡Ëv‡ii gva¨‡g AskMÖnYKvix‡ì Kv‡Q Rvb‡Z PvB‡eb km¨ ev‡RU †Kb Ki‡ev?

AskMÖnYKvixiv †hme DËi w`‡eb Zv mnvqK wjwce× Ki‡eb Ges mnvqK mKj‡K Rvbv‡eb †h,

DcKiY eve` KZ LiP n‡e Zv Rvbv hvq| KZ wewb‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e Zv Rvbv hvq| SuzwKi cwigvY we‡ePbv Ki‡Z cviv hvq| K…l‡Ki Kg© cwiKíbv Ki‡Z myweav nq Ges cwiKíbv Abyhvqx KvR ev¯Íevq‡b myweav nq| KZ gybvdv n‡jv Zv Rvbv hvq|

mnvqK cÖ‡kœv‡Ëv‡ii gva¨‡g AskMÖnYKvix‡ì Kv‡Q Rvb‡Z PvB‡eb km¨ ev‡R‡U wK wK Z_¨ _v‡K ?


37

GKwU km¨ ev‡R‡U wK wK Z_¨ _v‡K ’vqx LiP Rwg Ni

AePq LiP cvIqvi wUjvi ‡¯úª †gwkb LvZv- ‡iKW© cÎ/‡÷kbvix

A ’vqx LiP Rwg Kl©b LiP DcKiY LiP exR I mvi kÖwgK LiP ‡mP LiP KxUbvkK LiP QÎvKbvkK LiP dmj KZ©b LiP cwienb LiP ‡Uvj / LvRbv gvovB LiP cwi®‹vi/‡MÖwWs eve` LiP

‡gvU wewμ

‡gvU Avq

‡gvU gybvdv

mnvqK cÖ‡kœv‡Ëv‡ii gva¨‡g AskMÖnYKvix‡`i Kv‡Q Rvb‡Z PvB‡eb km¨ ev‡RU †Kb Ki‡ev?


‡cÖvWv±/cY¨t †h †Kvb wRwbm ev †mev hv †μZvi Pvwn`v ev cÖ‡qvRb wgUv‡Z mÿg|

hvi wewbg‡q we‡μZv †μZvi wbKU †_‡K UvKv/A_© cvq, ZvB e¨emvi cY¨|

38

‡Kvb wRwbm, kÖg, mgq BZ¨vw` ) eivÏ Kiv ev LiP Kiv| Ab¨fv‡e, eëmv cwiPvjbvq †h mKj LiP ( A‡_© iƒcvšÍwiZ) nq ZvB H eëmvi wewb‡qvM|

eëüZ n‡e|

Avw_©K aviYvq wewb‡qvM nj, †Kvb Avw_©K (Monetary) ev DcvR©b †`‡e ev D”P g~‡j¨ wewμ K‡i jvf cvIqv hv‡e|

LiP wK ? Drcv`b, M‡elYv, ev wnmve weÁvb G LiP nj A‡_©i g~j¨ hv †KvbwKQz ˆZix/Drcv`b Ki‡Z eëüZ n‡q‡Q, Ges ‡mwU Avi GKeviI eënvi ‡hvM¨ bq|

LiP t

eëmvq LiP nj, †Kvb wKQz †c‡Z GKUv A‡_©i cwigvb hv w`‡ZB n‡e ev cÖ`vb Ki‡ZB n‡e| LiP mvaviYZ (1) ev †mevi mieiv‡ni my‡hvM ewÂZ nIqvi Avw_©K g~j¨vqb|

wewfbœ cÖKvi e¨q msÁv

1. AcwieZ©bxq/¯’vqx e¨q (Fixed Cost) t GB RvZxq LiP Drcv`‡bi ZviZ‡gï mv‡_ cwieZ©bxq bq| GgbwK Drcv`b eÜ _vK‡jI Li‡Pi Kg-‡ekx nq bv|

2. cwieZ©bxq LiP/cwiPvjbv e¨q (Variable Cost) t GB RvZxq LiP Drcv`‡bi ZviZ‡gï mv‡_ cwieZ©bxq|

3. my‡hvM e¨q (Opportunity Cost) t GKwU cY¨/`ªe¨/‡mev Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ cieZ©x me‡P‡q fvj weKíwU wemR©b †`qv nq, †mwUB nj my‡hvM e¨q|

4. AePq e¨q (Depreciation Cost) H

5. AcÖKvwkZ/A`„k¨ e¨q (Implicit Cost)

6. cÖKvwkZ/G¨vKvDw›Us/cÖK…Z A_© e¨q (Explicit Cost) t GB e¨q nj cªK…Z A‡_© cÖ`vbK…Z e¨q|

7. †gvU e¨q (Total Cost) t mKj Li‡Pi †hvMdj nj †gvU LiP (¯’vqx LiP + cwieZ©bkxj LiP)|

8. Mo e¨q (Average Cost) t †gvU e¨q fvM †gvU Drcv‡bi cwigvb| A_©vr GK BDwbU Drcv`b e¨q|

9. g~jabx e¨q (Cost of Capital) t †Kvb FYK…Z g~ja‡bi Dci Av‡ivwcZ my` †K g~jabx e¨q e‡j|

Avq-e¨q mvg¨ we›`y (Break-even point/BEP) t Avq-e¨q mvg¨ we›`y ev †eªK-B‡fb c‡q›U nj Avq-e¨‡qi Ggb GKwU Ae ’v †hLv‡b †gvU Avw_©K Avq I †gvU Avw_©K LiP mgvb| eëmvi †jb-‡`‡bi †h Ae¯’vq ‡Kvb ‡jvKmvb ev gybvdv nq bv Ges Zvi †P‡q †ekx Avq n‡j gybvdv n‡e ev Kg Avq n‡j ‡jvKmvb n‡e|

39

AePq LiP :

AePq LiP n‡jv GK cÖKvi LiP hv bM‡` Kiv nq bv| cÖwZ eQiB K…wl hš¿cvwZi g~j¨ K‡g wbw`©ó †gqv` †k‡l GK ch©v‡q Dnvi Avi Aewkó g~j¨ _vK‡e bv| ZvB cÖwZ eQi AePq LiP wnmve K‡i fwel¨‡Zi Rb¨ cÖwfkb/mÂq K‡i wnmve Lv‡Z Rgv ivLv nq| K…wl hš¿cvwZ GK mgq mPj _vK‡e bv Ges Zv w`‡q Pvlvev` Kiv hv‡e bv ZvB cÖwZ eQi Zvi AePq LiP ev` †`qv nq Ges D³ cwigvY A_© fwel¨‡Zi Rb¨ cÖwfkb K‡i Znwej MVb Kiv nq|

Avq I gybvdv

Avq (Income) t Avq nj DcvwR©Z A_© hv †Kvb e¨w³ ev eëmv MÖnYK‡i †Kvb cY¨ ev †mev cÖ`v‡bi wewbg‡q A_ev †Kvb cywR jwMœ Ki‡Yi gva¨‡g|

gybvdv (Profit) t gybvdv nj †gvU Avw_©K Avq I †gvU Li‡Pi (Dn¨ e¨q I ewY©Z Dfq e¨q) cv_©K¨|

A_©‰bwZK jvf my‡hvM e¨q wn‡me K‡i, wKš‘ G¨vKvDw›Us my‡hvM e¨q wn‡me K‡i bv Ges Gi d‡j A_©‰bwZK jvf G¨vKvDw›Us jv‡fi †P‡q Kg nq|

GB c‡e© mnvqK c~‡e© cÖ¯‘ZK„Z Avq-e¨q ch©v‡jvPbv QKwU Ggb GKwU ’v‡b Szjv‡eb ev Uvbv‡eb †hb mK‡j úó †`L‡Z cvq| Gici mnvqK AskMªnYKvix‡ì wRÁvmv Ki‡eb avb Drcv`‡b wK wK DcKiY cÖ‡qvRb nq? AskMªnYKvixiv †hme DcKi‡Yi bvg ej‡eb mnvqK Zv c~‡e© cÖ¯‘ZK„Z Avq-e¨q ch©v‡jvPbv QKwUi wba©vwiZ N‡i wjL‡eb ev GKRb AskMÖnYKvix‡K wjL‡Z ej‡eb †hgb-

avb exR, BDwiqv mvi, wUGmwc, GgIwc, wRsK, wRcmvg, ‡evib, ‡Mvei mvi Ges KxUbvk‡Ki bvg m`mïv ej‡eb hv GKRb m`m¨ Q‡Ki wbw`ó© N‡i wjL‡eb Ges evwK Ni¸‡jv duvKv ivL‡eb †hb cieZx©‡Z cÖ‡qvR‡b ‡jLv hvq|

Gici mnvqK AskMªnYKvix‡ì wRÁvmv Ki‡eb avb Drcv`‡b wK wK KvR Ki‡Z nq?

AskMªnYKvixiv †hme Kv‡Ri bvg ej‡eb mnvqK Zv cy‡e© cÖ¯‘ZK„Z Avq-e¨q ch©v‡jvPbv QKwUi wba©vwiZ N‡i wjL‡eb, †hgb-

Rwg cÖ¯‘Z (Rwg cwi®‹vi, †Rv Ae¯’v cixÿv, Rwg Kl©Y), exR ecY, ‡mP cÖ‡qvM, mvi I KxUbvkK cÖ‡qvM, dmj KZ©b I cwienb, dmj ïKv‡bv I gvovB BZ¨vw`| wKQz Kv‡Ri K_v AskMªnYKvixiv bvI ej‡Z cv‡ib, Z‡e mnvqK c~‡e© cÖ¯‘ZK„Z Avq-e¨q ch©v‡jvPbv QKwU‡Z †hme Kv‡Ri bvg AskMªnYKvixiv e‡j‡Qb ZvB wjL‡eb Ges evwK Ni¸‡jv duvKv ivL‡eb †hb cieZx©‡Z cÖ‡qvR‡b wjLv hvq|

Gici mnvqK AskMªnYKvix‡ì wRÁvmv Ki‡eb †hme DcKi‡bi bvg m`mïv e‡j‡Qb Zvi `vg KZ? ‡hgb

avb ex‡Ri `vg ‡KwR cÖwZ KZ UvKv?

- AskMªnYKvixiv †h cwigvb UvKvi (D`vniY- 100 UvKv) K_v ej‡eb Zv c~‡e© cÖ¯‘ZK„Z Avq-e¨q ch©v‡jvPbv QKwUi wba©vwiZ N‡i wjL‡eb, Gici cÖkœ Ki‡eb|

cÖwZ weNvq wK cwigvb exR cÖ‡qvM K‡ib?

40

- AskMªnYKvixiv †h cwigvb ex‡Ri (‡KwR) (D`vniY- 3 †KwR) K_v ej‡eb Zv cy‡e© cÖ¯‘ZK„Z Avq-e¨q ch©v‡jvPbv QKwUi wba©vwiZ N‡i wjL‡eb, Gici cÖkœ Ki‡eb|

Zvn‡j cÖwZ weNvq ( 33/50 kZvsk) ‡gvU KZ UvKvi exR μq Ki‡Z n‡e?

AskMªnYKvix‡ì ex‡Ri vg I cwigvY b Ki‡Z mn‡hvwMZv Ki‡eb (D`vniY- 1 ‡KwR = 100 UvKv, 3 ‡KwR = 300 UvKv) Ges ¸Ydj †gvU Li‡Pi wba©vwiZ N‡i wjL‡eb|

Abyiƒcfv‡e mnvqK AskMªnYKvix‡ì wRÁvmv Ki‡eb BDwiqv mv‡ii `vg ‡KwR cÖwZ KZ UvKv?

- AskMªnYKvixiv †h cwigvb UvKvi K_v ej‡eb Zv c~‡e© cÖ¯‘ZK„Z Avq-e¨q ch©v‡jvPbv QKwUi wba©vwiZ N‡i (GKK g~j¨/ UvKv) wjL‡eb, Gici cÖkœ Ki‡eb|

cÖwZ weNvq wK cwigvY BDwiqv mvi cÖ‡qvM K‡ib?

- AskMªnYKvixiv †h cwigvY mv‡ii (‡KwR) K_v ej‡eb Zv c~‡e© cÖ¯‘ZK„Z Avq-e¨q ch©v‡jvPbv QKwUi wba©vwiZ N‡i (cwigvb/‡KwR) wjL‡eb, Gici cÖkœ Ki‡eb|

Zvn‡j cÖwZ weNvq (33/50 kZvsk) BDwiqv mvi μq Ki‡Z ‡gvU KZ UvKv jv‡M?

m`m¨‡ì BDwiqv mv‡ii `vg I cwigvY ¸b Ki‡Z mn‡hvwMZv Ki‡eb Ges ¸Ydj †gvU Li‡Pi wba©vwiZ N‡i wjL‡eb|

GKBfv‡e wUGmwc, GgIwc, wRsK, wRcmvg, ‡evib, ‡Mvei mvi Ges KxUbvk‡Ki `vg I cwigvY wRÁvmv K‡i †ei Ki‡eb Ges ¸Y Ki‡Z mn‡hvwMZv K‡i ¸Ydj †gvU Li‡Pi wba©vwiZ N‡i wjL‡eb|

cÖwZ weNv Rwg cwi®‹vi I †Rv Ae¯’v cixÿv Ki‡Z KZ UvKvi cÖ‡qvRb?

hw` AskMªnYKvixiv e‡jb UvKvi cÖ‡qvRb bvB, Zvn‡j mnvqK †mB Z_¨ wjL‡eb bv, Avi hw` AskMªnYKvixiv e‡jb UvKvi cÖ‡qvRb Av‡Q Zvn‡j †h cwigvb UvKvi K_v Zviv ej‡eb Zv wba©vwiZ N‡i wjL‡Z n‡e| Avevi

cÖwZ weNv Rwg Kl©Y Ki‡Z KZ UvKvi cÖ‡qvRb?

hw` AskMªnYKvixiv e‡jb UvKvi cÖ‡qvRb Av‡Q Zvn‡j †h cwigvb UvKvi K_v Zviv ej‡eb, Zv wba©vwiZ N‡i wjL‡Z n‡e| Z‡e Z_¨ msMÖ‡ni mgq jÿ¨ ivL‡Z n‡e †hb AwaKvsk K„l‡Ki Rwg Kl©Y c×wZ I LiP hv, ZvB ‡hb c~‡e© cÖ¯‘ZK„Z Avq-e¨q ch©v‡jvPbv QKwUi wba©vwiZ N‡i wjLv nq|

Gfv‡e exR ecb, mvi I KxUbvkK cÖ‡qvM, dmj KZ©b I cwienY Ges dmj ïKv‡bv I gvovB eve` KZ Rb kÖwg‡Ki cÖ‡qvRb? kÖwgK cÖwZ gRyix KZ UvKv? †h cwigvb UvKvi K_v K„lK ej‡eb, Zv wba©vwiZ N‡i wjL‡eb|

41

Drcv`b Li‡Pi mKj Z_¨ wj‡L †djvi ci mnvqK LvZIqvwi mKj LiP †hvM Ki‡eb Ges †hvMdj AskMªnYKvix‡ì Rvbv‡eb|

Gevi mnvqK AskMªnYKvix‡ì wRÁvmv Ki‡eb Avcbviv cÖwZ weNvq ( 33/50 kZK) KZ gY avb djb cvb?

‡h cwigvY avb djb wnmv‡e cvb Zv Drcv`b/cwigv‡Yi N‡i wjL‡eb Ges wRÁvmv Ki‡eb cÖwZ gY av‡bi m‡ev©”P `vg

wbav©wiZ N‡i wjL‡eb Ges cwigvY I `vg ¸Y K‡i UvKvi N‡i wjL‡eb|

Gevi mnvqK AvaywbK c×wZ‡Z avb Pv‡li Avq-e¨q wnmve Ki‡eb

GB c‡e© mnvqK DbœZ Rv‡Zi ex‡Ri `vg, Aby‡gvw`Z mv‡ii gvÎv Abyhvqx `vg wba©viY K‡i wba©vwiZ N‡i wjL‡eb Ges AvaywbK c×wZ‡Z †h cwigvY djb cvIqv hvq Zvi g~j¨ m`m¨‡ì mv‡_ Av‡jvPbv K‡i wba©vwiZ N‡i wjL‡eb|

Gevi †gvU Avq/weμq g~j¨ †_‡K †gvU e¨q we‡qvM w`‡Z n‡e Ges djvdj wba©vwiZ N‡i wjL‡eb|

Gevi K„lK c×wZ I AvaywbK c×wZi Zzjbv Dcw¯’Z AskMªnYKvix‡ì gv‡S Dc¯’vcb Ki‡eb Ges K…lK‡ì wm×všÍ MÖn‡Y mn‡hvwMZv Ki‡eb|

Drcv`b/km¨ ev‡RU cwiKíbv

PvlK…Z dm‡ji bvg: dm‡ji RvZ:

†ivcb/ecb mgq: dm‡ji †gqv`Kvj:

PvlK…Z Rwgi cwigvY: kZK dmj Drcv`‡bi LiP = UvKv

cÖ‡qvRbxq A_© = UvKv

A‡_©i †hvMvb/Drm¨: wbR¯^ = UvKv

FY MÖnY = UvKv A‡bï KvQ †_‡K = UvKv

†KwR

‡gvU gybvdv = UvKv

42

μ. bs DcKiY/ LvZ AvaywbK Pvlvev` ‡KŠkj cwigvY cÖ‡qvRbxq GKK g~j¨ ‡gvU g~j¨ †gvU cwigvY (UvKv) (UvKv) RvZ Rwgi cwigvY DcKiY LiP exRZjv exR (‡KwR) exRZjv ˆZwi (kÖwgK)/UvKv exRZjv ˆZwi (‡mP)/UvKv Pviv D‡Ëvjb (kÖwgK)/UvKv mvi (UvKv) evjvBbvkK (UvKv) exR Zjv eve` ‡gvU LiP (UvKv) Rwg ˆZwi Rwg Kl©Y (cvIqvi wUªjvi/Uªv±i)/fvov mvi BDwiqv (‡KwR) wUGmwc (‡KwR) GgIwc (‡KwR) wR¼ (‡KwR) wRcmvg (‡KwR) ‡eviY (‡KwR) ‡Mvei mvi (Szwou) KxUbvkK (MÖvg/‡KwR) QÎvKbvkK (MÖvg/‡KwR) ‡gvU kÖwgK AvMvQv cwi®‹vi Rwg gB †`Iqv (w`b) Pviv ‡ivcb (w`b) mvi I KxUbvkK cÖ‡qvM (w`b) ‡mP (w`b) avb KZ©b/ msMÖn/ cwienb (w`b) ïKv‡bv I SvovB-evQvB (w`b) Ab¨vb¨ ‡gvU ‡gvU LiP (1+2) = Drcv`b djb (gY) DcRvZ/Lo (AvuwU) ‡gvU Avq ‡gvU gybvdv = ‡gvU Avq - †gvU LiP

43

1.K.

L.

M.

N.

2.

KLMNOPQ

3KL

4

exR Zjv eve` ‡gvU LiP (UvKv)

‡gvU LiP (1+2) =( )

( ) ‡gvU Avq

‡gvU

‡gvU gybvdv = ‡gvU Avq - †gvU LiP4


AskMªnYKvix‡ì GKRb‡K Av‡jvPbvi mvi ms†¶c Kivi Rb¨ AvnŸvb Ki‡Z cv‡ib A_ev wb‡R mvi ms‡ÿc Ki‡Z cv‡ib| AskMÖnYKvix‡ì DË‡ii m~Î a‡i cÖ‡qvRbxq Z_¨/aviYv †hvM Kiæb (n¨vÛ †bv‡Ui mnvqZv wbb)| mK‡ji mwμq AskMÖn‡Yi my‡hvM w`b| cybt Av‡jvPbvq †Kv‡bv wKQy ev` †M‡j Zv †hvM Kiæb | jÿ¨ ivLyb cybiv‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g ‡mk‡bi g~j welq¸‡jv †hb D‡V Av‡m| AskMÖn‡Yi Rb¨ mKj‡K abëv` Rvwb‡q †mkb mgvß Kiæb|

†bvU

44

Avq I gybvdv/ jvf wnmve Kiv nq|

AcwieZ©bxq/¯’vqx e¨q (Fixed costs) t GB RvZxq LiP Drcv`‡bi ZviZ‡gï mv‡_ cwieZ©bxq bq| GgbwK Drcv`b eÜ _vK‡jI Li‡Pi Kg-‡ekx nq bv|

cwieZ©bxq LiP/cwiPvjbv e¨q (Variable Cost) t GB RvZxq LiP Drcv`‡bi ZviZ‡gï mv‡_ cwieZ©bxq|

my‡hvM e¨q (Opportunity Cost) t GKwU cY¨/`ªe¨/‡mev Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ cieZ©x me‡P‡q fvj weKíwU wemR©b †`qv nq †mwUB nj my‡hvM e¨q|

AePq e¨q (Depreciation cost)

AcÖKvwkZ/A`„k¨ e¨q (Implicit Costs) e¨q|

cÖKvwkZ/G¨vKvDw›Us/cÖK…Z A_© e¨q (Explicit Costs) t GB e¨q nj cªK…Z A‡_© cÖ`vbK…Z e¨q|

†gvU e¨q (Total Cost) t mKj Li‡Pi †hvMdj nj †gvU LiP (¯’vqx LiP + cwieZ©bkxj LiP)|

Mo e¨q (Average Cost) t †gvU e¨q fvM †gvU Drcv‡bi cwigvb| A_©vr GK BDwbU Drcv`b e¨q|

g~jabx e¨q (Cost of Capital) t †Kvb FYK…Z g~ja‡bi Dci Av‡ivwcZ my` †K g~jabx e¨q e‡j|


†mk‡bi wk‡ivbvg t Z_¨ msMÖn I msiÿY c×wZ


Z_¨ wK? Z_¨ †Kb msMÖn Kie? wK fv‡e mwVK Z_¨ msiÿY wbwðZ Kiv hvq eyS‡Z cvi‡e †mk‡bi welq-Abywelq t

Z_¨ wK? Z_¨ †Kb msMÖn Kie? wK fv‡e mwVK Z_¨ msiÿY wbwðZ Kiv hvq?

Z_¨ msMÖ‡ni cÖ‡qvRbxqZv wK?

†mk‡bi †gqv` t 60.00 wgwbU cÖwk¶Y c×wZ t gy³ Av‡jvPbv, †cv÷vi cÖ`k©b, wfcKvW© (VIPP-Visualization In Participatory Programme), BZ¨vw`|

cÖwk¶Y DcKiY t †cv÷vi (nv‡Z †jLv), wfcKvW©, †cv÷vi †ccvi, gvK©vi, †evW©gvK©vi, ‡bvU eyK, †iwRóvi BZ¨vw`|


avc - 1 : m~Pbv




‡mkb Gi g~j D‡Ïk¨ I mvaviY D‡Ïk¨ welqK †cv÷vi cÖ`k©b K‡i, †cv÷v‡i ewY©Z D‡Ïk¨ ¸‡jv e¨vL¨v Kiv|



Ki‡Z cv‡ib †hgb:

Z_¨ wK? GKRb K…lK wn‡m‡e Avcbvi wK wK ai‡Yi Z_¨ cÖ‡qvRb nq?

45

Z_¨ msiÿ‡Yi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv wK? ‡Kb Avgiv Z_¨ msMÖn I msiÿY Kie? Avcbvi cÖ‡qvRbxq Z‡_ï Rb¨ †Kv_vq †hvMv‡hvM K‡i _v‡Kb? BZ¨vw`.. . . .

Zv‡ì gZvgZ Rvbvi ci mnvqK Av‡jvPbv Ki‡eb Avgv‡ì wK wK ai‡Yi Z_¨ Rvbv cÖ‡qvRb? Gevi mnvqK GKwU ev¯Íe D`vniY Gi gva¨‡g Zvi ‡mkb cwiPvjbv Ki‡eb| aiæb Avcwb GKRb Avgb avb Pvlx- Avcbvi wK Z_¨ iKvi? DË‡i Avm‡e Avgb avb Pvl Gi Rb¨ wK DcKiY iKvi? Pv‡li Rb¨ ‡mev ev cÖhyw³ iKvi? wewμi Rb¨ †Kv_vq evRvi Zv Rvbv iKvi? Gevi mnvqK G‡K G‡K welq wj Av‡jvPbv Ki‡eb| †hgb- DcKiY Gi Z_¨ wel‡q AvvjvPbvi mgq

†Kv_vq ev †Kvb †`vKv‡b GB fv‡jv exR cvIqv hvq BZ¨vw`| GKBfv‡e mnvqK mvi, KxUbvkK, Rwg Pvl msμvšÍ Z_¨ wel‡q Av‡jvKcvZ Ki‡Z cv‡ib| mnvqK GB Av‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g Zv‡ì‡K Rvbv‡eb †h hw` Avgiv (K…lK) GB ai‡Yi Z_¨ Av‡M †_‡K msMÖ‡n ivL‡Z cvwi Z‡e Avgiv KLbI DcKiY msμvšÍ mgm¨vq coe bv|

Abyiƒcfv‡e Pv‡li cÖhyw³ ev †mev msμvšÍ Z_¨ Ges evRviRvZ msμvšÍ wel‡q wK ai‡Yi Z_¨ ivLv cÖ‡qvRb Zv Av‡jvPbv Ki‡eb|

Dci wbqwgZ Z_¨ msMÖn I msiÿY Kiv Riæix|

DcKiY msμvšÍ Z_¨| UvKvi †hvMvb ev UvKvi Dr‡mi Z_¨| cvBKvi, AvoZ`vi, ‡ecvix‡ì wewfbœ Z_¨ I wewfbœ evRvi Z_¨| mvi, QÎvKbvkK I KxUbvkK eënvi I cÖ‡qvM wewa msμvšÍ Z_¨| bZzb/DbœZ cÖhyw³ MÖnY Kiv n‡j †mB Z_¨| dm‡j †ivM / †cvKvgvKo AvμvšÍ nevi Z_¨| wdì Uªvqvj †_‡K wkÿY Gi Z_¨| cÖwkÿY msμvšÍ Z_¨vejx| Drcv`b ev‡RU I cwiKíbv msμvšÍ Z_¨| BZ¨vw`. . . . .. .|

46

we‡kl K‡i GB †QvU †mkbwU cwiPvjbvi gva¨‡g mnvqK Zv‡ì‡K †evSv‡Z †Póv Ki‡eb †h GKRb mdj Pvlx/K…wl eëmvqx n‡Z n‡j Zv‡ì wewfbœ wel‡qi Dci Z_¨ _vKv ìKvi|

Gevi mnvqK Av‡jvPbv Ki‡eb †h msM„nxZ Z_¨ †h mwVK Zv wKfv‡e eyS‡eb? msM„nxZ mKj Z_¨ †h me mgq mwVK

Rvbv‡bvi †Póv Ki‡eb †h Z_¨ msMÖ‡ni †ek wKQz gva¨g Av‡Q Ges GB gva¨‡g ¸‡jv mnvqK Av‡M †_‡KB eªvDb †ccv‡i wj‡L wb‡q hv‡eb|

mivmwi g~j Z_¨ `vZvi mv‡_ Av‡jvPbv (B›UviwfD ev mvÿvZKvi c×wZ ev wb‡R †_‡K Z_¨ msMÖn)| Z_¨ Dr‡mï KvQvKvwQ wM‡q ‡`‡L ï‡b Z_¨ wbwðZ nIqv (μm wfwRU ev cwi`k©b c×wZ)| welqwfwËK †Kvb `ÿ e¨w³i KvQ †_‡K Z_¨ msMÖn (AviGd, GdGdGm m`m¨, cÖwZ‡ekx ev cwievi)|

mnvqK cÖwZwU wel‡qi Dci AskMÖnYKvix‡ì wb‡q Db¥y³ Av‡jvPbv msMwVZ Ki‡eb|

Gevi mnvqK Av‡jvPbv Ki‡eb, †Kb Z_¨ msMÖn Kie? ev Z_¨ msMÖ‡ni cÖ‡qvRbxqZv wK? Zv‡ì gZvgZ Rvbvi ci Av‡M †_‡KB cÖ¯‘ZK…Z eªvDb †ccv‡i welq¸wj Dc¯’vcb Ki‡eb Ges Zv‡ì g‡a¨ cwi®‹vi aviYv ˆZix Ki‡eb †h,

‡mev`vbKvix‡ì Z_¨ _vK‡j Dchy³ mg‡q Zv‡ì mv‡_ †hvMv‡hvM mnR nq| wewfbœ Drcv`b msμvšÍ Z_¨ I cÖwkÿ‡Yi KvwiMwi wel‡qi Z_¨ _vK‡j A‡bK mgm¨vi mgvavb wb‡RB Kiv hvq| Avcwb hv Rvb‡Z Pvb Zvi Z_¨ fvÛvi wn‡m‡e KvR Ki‡e| mwVK wm×všÍ MÖn‡Y mnvqZv Ki‡e| K…wl eëmvi mÿgZv e„w× K‡i| BZ¨vw` .. . . . . .|

Gevi mnvqK Av‡jvPbv Ki‡eb GB mKj Z_¨ wKfv‡e Ges †Kv_vq msiÿY Kie| Zvi Dci Av‡jvPbv msMwVZ Ki‡eb| G‡ÿ‡Î mnvqK GdGdGm G mieivnK…Z †bvU eyK I †iwRóvi eyK Gi Dci we¯Íi Av‡jvPbv Ki‡eb| †bvU eyK I †iwRóvi eyK Gi cÖwZwU di‡gU ev QK Gi wel‡q K…lK‡ì aviYv cÖ`vb Ki‡eb| G‡ÿ‡Î mnvqK cÖwZwU di‡gU a‡i a‡i K…lK‡ì †evSv‡Z mÿg n‡eb †h, ‡Kvb Z_¨, ‡Kb ivLe Ges wKfv‡e Z_¨ msiÿY Kie Ges cÖ‡qvR‡b Zv‡ì nv‡Z Kj‡g Zv ‡`wL‡q †`‡eb|

‡bvU eyK I †iwRóvi eyK wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Kiæb|

47

AskMÖnYKvix‡ì‡K Pvlx †bvU eB Ges †iwRóvi †`wL‡q wRÁvmv Kiæb- GB eB y‡Uv‡K wK g‡b nq? G ywU wK Kv‡R eënvi Kiv nq e‡j g‡b nq?

`ywU eB Gi g‡a¨ GKwU Pvlx †bvU eB Ges Ab¨wU ‡h GdGdGm †iwRóvi Zv cwi®‹vi Kiæb| KvM‡Ri gvS eivei Dci wb‡P `vM Uvbv GKwU wd¬cPvU© ‡ev‡W© Uvbvb| Pvlx †bvU eB Ges GdGdGm †iwRóv‡i wK wK Z_¨ ivLv nq AskMÖnYKvix‡ì Zv wR‡Ám Kiæb| Zviv hv ej‡eb c~e© †_‡K wfc Kv‡W© †jLv †m mKj wel‡qi KvW© wd¬c Pv‡U© `v‡Mi GK cv‡k Pvlx †bvU eB Gi welq Ges Ab¨ cv‡k GgGdGm/GdGdGm †iwRóv‡ii welq jvwM‡q w`b|

Ges Gi eënv‡ii ‡ÿÎ I Z_¨ msiÿY c×wZ eY©bv Kiæb|

mnvqK Pvlx †bvU eB G †h mg¯Í Z_¨ msiÿY Ki‡Z n‡e Zvi wk‡ivbvg¸‡jv ‡jLv GKwU wd¬cPvU© m‡½ K‡i wb‡q Avm‡e| G ch©v‡q †mwU †ev‡W© Szjv‡e Ges GwUi mnvqZv wb‡q avivevwnKfv‡e Av‡jvPbv Ki‡eb|

wd¬cPvU©

DcKiY msμvšÍ mgm¨v| bZzb / DbœZ cÖhyw³ MÖnY Kiv n‡j †mB Z_¨| dm‡j †ivM / †cvKvgvKo AvμvšÍ nevi Z_¨| UvKvi †hvMvb wb‡q mgm¨v| evRviRvZ Kiv wb‡q mgm¨v| wdì Uªvqvj †_‡K Avgiv wK wkLjvg| Drcv`b ev‡RU| km¨ ev‡RU cwiKíbv| gv‡©KU G¨v±i (DcKiY we‡μZvi) †hvMv‡hvM Z_¨| gv‡©KU G¨v±i / †mev`vbKvix‡ì mv‡_ †hvMv‡hvM| evRviZ_¨| weμq Z_¨| cÖwkÿY msμvšÍ Z_¨vejx|

48

mnvqK GgGdGm/GdGdGm †iwRóv‡i †h mg Í Z_¨ msiÿb Ki‡Z n‡e Zvi wk‡ivbvg¸‡jv ‡jLv (GKcv‡k cÖkvmwbK Ges Ab¨cv‡k KvwiMwi) GKwU wd¬cPvU© m‡½ K‡i wb‡q Avm‡eb| G ch©v‡q †mwU †ev‡W© Szjv‡e Ges GwUi mnvqZv wb‡q avivevwnKfv‡e Av‡jvPbv Ki‡eb|

cÖkvmwbK KvwiMix Pvlx‡ì ZvwjKv I Z_¨ m`m¨ Pvlx‡ì nvwRiv e¨vjU e· cixÿv djvdj gvjvgvj weZi‡Yi Z_¨ ‡mkb wfwËK wkÿv d‡jv Av‡ci weeiY Drcv`b cwiKíbv mgvšÍivj wkÿv ‡bUIqv©wKs Z_¨ gvV wèm Uªvqv‡ji Z_¨

†mkbwU cwiPvjbvi mgq mKj m`m¨ †hb mwμq AskMÖnY K‡i Zv jÿ¨ ivL‡eb| mnvqK cy‡e© cÖ¯‘ZK…Z eªvDb †ccv‡ii Q‡K Uªvqvj cø‡Ui ev‡RU cÖ¯‘Z Ki‡e Ges †m Abyhvqx cÖ‡Z¨K K…lK Zv‡ì wbR wbR Rwgi cwigv‡Yi Dci wfwË K‡i wbR wbR cwiKíbv cÖ¯‘Z Ki‡eb|

cÖ_‡g mnvqK AskMªnYKvix‡ì wRÁvmv Ki‡eb avb Drcv`bKvjxb mg‡q Zviv Avq-e¨‡qi wnmve iv‡Lb wK bv?

hw` iv‡Lb Z‡e wKfv‡e iv‡Lb? wj‡L iv‡Lb bv g‡b iv‡Lb? wj‡L ivL‡j †Kv_vq wj‡L iv‡Lb?

49

†bvU

50

‡bvU eyK DcKiY msμvšÍ Z_¨| UvKvi †hvMvb ev UvKvi Dr‡mi Z_¨| cvBKvi, AvoZ`vi, ‡ecvix‡ì wewfbœ Z_¨ I evRvi Z_¨| mvi, QÎvKbvkK I KxUbvkK eënvi I cÖ‡qvM wewa msμvšÍ Z_¨| bZzb/DbœZ cÖhyw³ MÖnY Kiv n‡j †mB Z_¨| dm‡j †ivM / †cvKvgvKo AvμvšÍ nevi Z_¨| wdì Uªvqvj †_‡K wkÿY Gi Z_¨| cÖwkÿY msμvšÍ Z_¨vejx| Drcv`b ev‡RU I cwiKíbv msμvšÍ Z_¨| BZ¨vw`. . . . .. .|

†iwRóvi cÖkvmwbK KvwiMix Pvlx‡ì ZvwjKv I Z_¨ m`m¨ Pvlx‡ì nvwRiv e¨vjU e· cixÿv djvdj gvjvgvj weZi‡Yi Z_¨ ‡mkb wfwËK wkÿv d‡jv Av‡ci weeiY Drcv`b cwiKíbv mgvšÍivj wkÿv ‡bUIqv©wKs Z_¨ gvV wèm Uªvqv‡ji Z_¨


†mk‡bi wk‡ivbvg t Kv‡jKwUf G¨vKkb / †hŠ_ Kvh©μg

†mk‡bi D‡Ïk¨ twkL‡eb Ges GKwU Kvh©Ki †hŠ_KvR msMVb wKfv‡e Ki‡Z nq Zv Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb|


‡hŠ_ Kvh©μg/ Kv‡jw±f G¨vKkb ej‡Z Avgiv wK eywS? †hŠ_ Kvh©μg/ Kv‡jw±f G¨vKk‡bi D‡Ïk¨ wK? wKfv‡e ‡hŠ_ Kvh©μg/ Kv‡jw±f G¨vKkb msMwVZ Ki‡Z n‡e? †hŠ_ Kvh©μg/ Kv‡jw±f G¨vKk‡bi cÖwZ DØy×Kib Bmy¨ / welq ¸‡jv wK? †hŠ_ Kvh©μg/ Kv‡jw±f G¨vKkb wKfv‡e msMwVZ n‡e? †hŠ_ Kvh©μg/ Kv‡jw±f G¨vKk‡b gvV Kgx©i f‚wgKv wK n‡e? †hŠ_ Kvh©μg/ Kv‡jw±f G¨vKk‡bi P¨v‡jÄ / SuywKmg~n wK n‡e Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb


cÖwk¶Y c×wZ t gy³ Av‡jvPbv, †cv÷vi cÖ`k©b, wfcKvW© (VIPP-Visualization In Participatory Programme), BZ¨vw`|



avc - 1 : m~Pbv






51


‡hŠ_ Kvh©μ‡gi msÁv t

‡hŠ_ Kvh©μg ej‡Z GKwU `jxq KvR‡K eySvq †hLv‡b mK‡jB GKB D‡Ïk¨ AR©b I Ae ’vi DbœwZi Rb¨ GKwÎZ n‡q KvR K‡i| GUv mvaviYZt `‡ji GKRb cÖwZwbwai Øviv cwiPvwjZ nq|

‡hŠ_ Kvh©μ‡gi D‡Ïk¨ AwaK AR©b / jvf (gybvdv) ¸bMZ DcKiY msMÖn Drcv`b LiP Kgv‡bv (DcKiY LiP) Drcvw`Z cY¨ †_‡K fvj / AwaK g~j¨ cvIqv G¨v±‡ii mv‡_ †bUIqvK© ˆZix cÖwZc‡ÿi mv‡_ ì-KlvKwli ÿgZv e„w×

†hŠ_fv‡e μq weμq Kivi jvf wK wK?

DcKiY evRv‡i cÖ‡ek¨Zv / cÖ‡ekvwaKvi cvBKvix evRv‡i / Avo‡Z cÖ‡ek¨Zv / cÖ‡ekvwaKvi e¨qeûj †mev cÖvwß evRv‡i cÖ‡ek¨Zv / cÖ‡ekvwaKvi bZzb ‰ewPÎgq cY¨ / ‡mev cÖvwß‡Z cÖ‡ek¨Zv / cÖ‡ekvwaKvi

DØy×KiY Bmy¨/welq

A_© mvkÖqx mgq mvkÖqx kÖg mvkÖqx ¸bMZ DcKiY msMÖn ìKlvKwli ÿgZv e„w× AwaK weμq g~j¨

wKfv‡e †hŠ_ KvR msMwVZ Ki‡Z n‡e?

‡hŠ_ Kvh©μg / Kv‡jw±f G¨vKkb Gi f~wgKv ev D‡Ïk¨ eY©bv cÖv_wgK mfv Av‡qvRb I K…lK‡ì mgm¨v wPwýZKiY AvMÖnx K…lK‡ì wb‡q `j MVb I `jxq †bZv wbe©vPb cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki Pvwn`v wbiæcb (DcKiY Pvwn`v/c‡Yï cwigvY)

52

evRvi Z_¨ msMÖn I evRviRvZ `‡ji Rb¨ Dbœqb †KŠkj „wófw½ / weKvk I `‡ji D‡Ïk¨ wbav©iY Kg©cwiKíbv ˆZix Avw_©K miÄvg / ‡KŠkj hv evRviRvZKiY `‡ji eëmv mg_©b K‡i g~jab msnwZ / GKwÎKiY c„_K c„_K Pvwn`v GKwÎZ K‡i `‡ji Pvwn`v ‰Zix Kiv DcKib we‡μZv / eo eëmvqx‡ì / cÖwZôv‡bi mv‡_ †hvMv‡hvM I evRvi hvPvB dwoqv / cvBKvi / AvoZ`vi / eo eëmvqxi mv‡_ †hvMv‡hvM I evRvi hvPvB `j‡bZv KZ©„K DcKiY msMÖn Ges m`m¨‡ì gv‡S e›Ub / we‡μZvi wbKU weμq `j‡K MwZkxj ivLv I evRv‡ii †jb‡`b Ae¨vnZ ivLv

†hŠ_fv‡e μq weμq Kivi LiP I SzuwK wK wK / †hŠ_ Kvh©μ‡gi P¨v‡jÄ t

`j‡bZvi Dci Av¯’vi msKU (mK‡jB GKgZ nq bv) `j‡bZv m`m¨‡ì VKv‡Z / cÖZviYv Ki‡Z cv‡i mKj m`m¨ GKB mv‡_ cÖ¯‘Z nq bv ev n‡Z cv‡i bv cY¨ wewμi †ÿ‡Î mKj m`‡mï cY¨ GKB gv‡bi nq bv KL‡bv KL‡bv m`mïv Am`vPib K‡i _v‡K `‡j Af¨šÍixY MYZš¿ bv _vK‡j mgm¨v n‡Z cv‡i †hŠ_fv‡e cY¨ weμq Kivi mgq evRvi c×wZi Kvi‡Y KLbI KLbI gybvdv Kg ev ÿwZI n‡Z cv‡i|

‡hŠ_ Kvh©μ‡gi cÖKvi‡f` t

1g ch©v‡qi †hŠ_ Kvh©μg (GKB `‡ji g‡a¨) 2q ch©v‡qi †hŠ_ Kvh©μg (`yB ev Z‡ZvwaK `‡ji g‡a¨)

‡hŠ_ Kvh©μ‡gi Pzw³

AwbqwgZ Pzw³ wbqwgZ Pzw³ AbvbyôvwbK Pzw³ AvbyôvwbK Pzw³

53

m`m¨ _vK‡Z n‡e D‡Ïk¨ _vK‡Z n‡e ‡hŠw³K `‡ji AvKvi _vK‡Z n‡e ‡fŠMwjKfv‡e AšÍ©f~³ GjvKv _vK‡Z n‡e cÖvwZôvwbK Íi Pzw³wfwËK K…wl cY¨ Drcv`b ‡mevcÖvwß‡Z mnRjf¨Zv

†hŠ_ Kvh©μ‡g K…lK cÖwkÿK /gvV Kgx©i f‚wgKv

K…lK cÖwkÿK †hŠ_Kv‡Ri fvj I g›` w`K †mk‡b Av‡jvPbv Ki‡eb K…lK cÖwkÿK G¨v±i g¨vc ˆZix‡Z AviGd (wi‡mvm© dvg©vi) ‡K mnvqZv Ki‡eb K…lK cÖwkÿK `‡ji Pvwn`v wbiæc‡b `j‡bZv‡K (wi‡mvm© dvg©vi) mnvqZv w`‡eb K…lK cÖwkÿK G¨v±‡ii mv‡_ ‡hvMv‡hvM ˆZix‡Z `j‡bZv‡K (wi‡mvm© dvg©vi) mnvqZv Ki‡e (wi‡mvm© dvg©vi) m‡½ †_‡K KvR Ki‡eb K…lK cÖwkÿK mg¯Í Kv‡Ri Dci mRvM `„wó ivL‡eb hv‡Z †Kvb AcÖZ¨vwkZ NUbv (cÖZviYv) bv N‡U|

†hŠ_ Kvh©μ‡g AviGd/`j‡bZvi f‚wgKv

‡hŠ_ KvR Kivi Rb¨ `j‡K msMwVZ/‰Zix Kiv `jxq m`m¨‡ì wbKU †_‡K Pvwn`v msMÖn Kiv DcKiY we‡μZv/eo eëmvqx cÖwZôv‡bi mv‡_ †hvMv‡hvM G¨v±i‡ì mv‡_ †bUIqvK© ˆZix evRvi g~j¨ hvPvB Kiv ( DcKib μq/cY¨ weμq) DcKiY we‡μZv ev gyM/wZj/mewR/avb/wWg/`ya †μZvi mv‡_ Avjvc-Av‡jvPbv Kiv (ìKlvKwl) DcKiY msMÖn I m`m¨‡ì gv‡S weZiY A_ev cY¨ ‡μZvi wbKU μq Kiv

cvwb eë¯’vcbv `‡j wK wK †hŠ_ KvR Kivi my‡hvM Av‡Q?

1) ‡hŠ_fv‡e Rwg Kl©Y 2) ‡hŠ_fv‡e exR μq - avb exR, mewR exR, wZj exR, gyM Wvj exR, ZigyR exR 3) ‡hŠ_fv‡e mvi μq - wUGmwc, GgIwc, BDwiqv, wR¼, W¨vc mvi

54

4) ‡hŠ_fv‡e cvwb AcmviY/ ¯øyBR †MU cwiPvjbv 5) ‡hŠ_fv‡e K…wl cY¨ weμq - mwRbv, wZj, gyM Wvj, mewR, avb,gvQ, `ya, wWg 6) cvwb Dbœqb ‡evW© Gi mv‡_ †hvMv‡hvM Kiv

55

AvjvDwÏ‡bi D‡`¨v‡M KwgDwbwU DcK„Z D‡`¨vMx gvby‡liv memgqB Zv‡ì Kv‡Ri gva¨‡g wb‡R‡ì Avjv`v K‡i ‡Pbv‡Z fyj K‡ib bv| Ggwb GKRb D‡`¨vMx e¨w³ n‡jb wi‡mvm© dvg©vi †gvt AvjvDwÏb| AvjvDwÏb Gi M„nxZ D‡`¨v‡M evRvigyLx K…lK gvV ¯‹z‡ji Pvlxiv gyMWvj Drcv`‡b DcKiY (exR I evjvBbvkK ) eënv‡i LiP Kwg‡q G‡b‡Qb| cUzqvLvjx mì Dc‡Rjvi cÖvq 17 wK. wg. `wÿ‡Y AvDwjqvcyi BDwbq‡bi GKwU WvweøDGgwR, DËi †QvU AvDjqvcyi| G MÖv‡gi mKj cwieviB Kg-‡ekx K…wli mv‡_ RwoZ Ges cÖvq kZKiv 90 fvM K…lK gyMWvj Pvl K‡‡ib| gyMWvj AÎ GjvKvi cÖavb A_©Kvix dmj n‡jI Drcv`b LiP e„w×i Kvi‡b K…lKMY †Zgb jvfevb n‡Z cviwQ‡jb bv| Gg‡Ëve¯’vq, eøy †Mv‡ìi mnvqZvq GKwU evRvigyLx K…lKgvV ¯‹zj MVb Kiv nq| GKwU cvwb eë¯’vcbv `j Gi mfvcwZ AvjvDwÏb mv‡ne GB ¯‹z‡ji Awa‡ek‡b wbqwgZ Dcw¯’Z _v‡Kb Ges wi‡m©vm dvg©vi g‡bvwbZ nb| evRvigyLx K…lKgvV ¯‹z‡ji gva¨‡g wZwb eyS‡Z

eo exR eëmvqxi wbKU n‡Z cvBKvix `‡i exR μq K‡i Drcv`b LiP Kgv‡Z n‡e| AvjvDwÏb mv‡n‡ei ‡hgwb fvebv †Zgwb KvR, wmwWGd/

ˆZix K‡ib Ges 180 †KwR gyMWv‡ji wfwËexR 80UvKv / ‡KwR ‡i μq K‡ib hvi LyPiv evRvig~j¨ 100UvKv / ‡KwR| Gi ci wZwb evRvigyLx K…lK gvV ¯‹z‡ji Pvlx‡ì msMwVZ K‡i 5 UvKv/‡KwR jv‡f Pvlx‡ì wbKU H exR 85 UvKv/ ‡KwR `‡i wewμ Ki‡b| G‡Z K…lK †KwR cÖwZ 15UvKv Kg g~‡j¨ exR †c‡q‡Q Ges Zv‡ì hvZvqvZ I kÖg †eu‡P‡Q Avi wZwb †KwR cÖwZ 5 UvKv jvf K‡i‡Qb| G‡Z †m AbycÖvwYZ n‡q cieZ©x‡Z Abyiæcfv‡e GK KvUy©b KxUbvkK μq K‡i‡Qb, †hLv‡b K…lK †evZj cÖwZ 15 UvKv Kg g~‡j¨ †c‡q‡Q Ges wZwb †evZj cÖwZ 5UvKv jvf K‡i‡Q| eZ©gv‡b AvjvDwÏb Zv‡ì Drcvw`Z gyMWvj GKÎxZ K‡i †Kvb eo ‡μZvi wbKU †ekx g~‡j¨ wewμi Rb¨ wewfbœ AvoZ/ eoeëmvqxi mv‡_ †hvMv‡hvM iÿv Ki‡Qb| Zvi fwel¨r ¯^cœ fwel¨‡Z GKRb eëmvqx n‡q Zvi GjvKvi gyMWvj Pvlx‡ì‡K mnvqZv Ki‡eb|

AviGd †gvt AvjvDwÏbLvb, DËi †QvU AvDwjqvcyi

56

‡hŠ_ Kvh©μg ev¯Íevq‡b webxZv ivq Gi mvdj¨webxZv ivq GKRb mdj bvix D‡`v³v, †mev`vbKvix I `ÿ K…lK| evRvi wfwËK K…lK gvV ¯‹zj †_‡K cªvß

DcKiY we‡μZv‡ì mv‡_ Kvh©Kix †hvMv‡hv‡Mi gva¨‡g ‡hŠ_ fv‡e ¸bMZ gv‡biwZj I av‡bi exR μq Ges cvBKv‡ii mv‡_ †hvMv‡hvM K‡i wZj, mwRbv I Avgb avb `jxq fv‡e wewμ K‡i wb‡Ri I `‡ji m`m¨‡ì Aw_©K fv‡e jvfevb Ki‡Z †c‡i‡Qb Ges ‡hŠ_ fv‡e K…wl cY¨ μq-weμq Gi †ÿ‡Î Zvi wewfbœ c`‡ÿc GjvKvq GKwU bwRi ¯’vcb K‡i‡Q| ¯’vbxq ch©v‡q ¸bMZgv‡bi ex‡Ri Afve, AcÖZzj¨ Drcv`b cªhyw³i eënvi Ges Drcvw`Z c‡Yï evRvi RvZ K…wli cÖavb mgm¨v| 2016 mv‡ji

50 †KRx Kv‡jv Rv‡Zi D”P djbkxj wZj exR †hŠ_fv‡e μq K‡ib Ges 2017mv‡j 60 Rb K…l‡Ki Rb¨ 320 †KwR wZj exR μq K‡i m`m¨‡ì gv‡S weZib

webxZv ivq 60 UvKv/†KwR `‡i wZj exR μq K‡i m`m¨‡ì gv‡S 70 UvKv `‡i wewμ K‡ib| GB †hŠ_ Kvh©μ‡gi gva¨‡g webxZv ivq †gvU 3700 UvKv Avq K‡ib hvi g‡a¨ cwienb I hvZvqvZ LiP ev` w`‡q Zvi ‡gvU gybvdv wQj 2950 UvKv (3700-750 UvKv )| Ab¨w`‡K m`m¨‡ì ‡KwR cÖwZ mvkÖq n‡qwQj 15-20 UvKv, GKB fv‡e webxZv ivq Wzgywiqv Dc‡Rjvi Rb¨ 66 e¯Ív ( 660 †KRx ) †ivcv Avgb av‡bi wfwË exR ( weAvi-23 I weª avb-52 ) †hŠ_ fv‡e 530 UvKv `‡i μq K‡ib Ges m`m¨‡ì gv‡S 552 UvKv `‡i wewμ K‡ib| 66 e¯Ívq Zvi †gvU Avq nq 1450 UvKv| G‡Z Zvi †gvU gybvdv nq 600 UvKv (1450-850)| Ab¨w`‡K webxZv ivq, MÖv‡gi 30 wU cwiev‡ii (bvix m`m¨‡ì) 900 †KRx mwRbv †hŠ_ fv‡e GK ¯’v‡b msMÖn K‡i †mvbvWv½v Avo‡Z wewμ K‡ib| GB Kvh©μ‡gi gva¨‡g M‡o cÖwZ †KRx mwRbv 59 UvKv `‡i wewμ K‡i‡Qb †hLv‡b ¯’vbxq evRv‡i Mo g~j¨ 45 UvKv/†KRx Ges †mB wn‡m‡e †KRx cÖwZ gybvdv nq M‡o 14 UvKv|

GQvovI webxZv ivq, M‡R›`ªcyi Gi avb cvBKvi †gvt Rqbvj Av‡e`xb Gi mv‡_ †hvMv‡hvM K‡i 150 gY Avgb avb `jxq fv‡e wewμ Ki‡Z mn‡hvMxZv K‡ib| GB ‡hŠ_ Kv‡Ri gv‡a¨‡g webxZv ivq cÖwZ gY Avgb avb 820 UvKv `‡i wewμ K‡ib †hLv‡b †mB mgq ¯’vbxq fv‡e gY cÖwZ `vg wQj 780-790 UvKv| webxZv ivq Gi †hŠ_ Kvh©μg MÖv‡g GK `„óvšÍ ¯’vcb K‡i‡Qb Ges KvÂb bMi cvwb eë¯’vcbv `‡ji ‡ekxifvM m`m¨ GLb eyS‡Z

†èvkxl, weavb, wek^wRr, eyw×kî, cjvk I A‡kvK mn Mªv‡gi cÖvq 40-45 Rb K…l‡Ki mewR ‡hŠ_fv‡e msMÖn K‡i †mvbvWv½v mewR Avo‡Z wewμ Ki‡Qb|


†mk‡bi Av‡jvPbvi mvims‡ÿc Kiæb Ges mKj‡K abëv` Rvwb‡q ‡mkb †kl Kiæb|

57555555555555555555555555777777777777777777777777777777777777777

eøy †Mvì †cÖvMÖvg

‡bvU

58

‡hŠ_ Kvh©μg t

‡hŠ_ Kvh©μg ej‡Z GKwU `jxq KvR‡K eySvq †hLv‡b mK‡jB GKB D‡Ïk¨ AR©b I Ae¯’vi DbœwZi Rb¨ GK‡Î n‡q KvR K‡i| GUv mvavibZt `‡ji GKRb cÖwZwbwai Øviv cwiPvwjZ nq|

‡hŠ_ Kvh©μ‡gi D‡Ïk¨

AwaK AR©b/jvf (gybvdv)

¸bMZ DcKiY msMÖn

Drcv`b LiP Kgv‡bv (DcKiY LiP)

Drcvw`Z cY¨ †_‡K fvj/AwaK g~j¨ cvIqv

G¨v±‡ii mv‡_ †bUIqvK© ˆZix

cÖwZc‡ÿi mv‡_ `i-KlvKwli ÿgZv e„w×

59


†mk‡bi wk‡ivbvg t †bUIqvwK©s

†mk‡bi D‡Ïk¨ tKvh©Ki †bUIqvwK©s wKfv‡e msMwVZ Ki‡Z nq Zv Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb|


†bUIqvwK©s wK? K…l‡Ki wK wK wel‡q mn‡hvwMZv cÖ‡qvRb? †bUIqvwK©s e„w× Kivi Dcvq wKfv‡e †bUIqvwK©s e„w× Ki‡ev Kvi Kvi mv‡_ †bUIqvwK©s e„w× Ki‡ev


cÖwk¶Y c×wZ t gy³ Av‡jvPbv, †cv÷vi cÖ`k©b, wfcKvW© (VIPP-Visualization In Participatory Programme), BZ¨vw`|

cÖwk¶Y DcKiY t †cv÷vi (nv‡Z †jLv), wfcKvW©, †cv÷vi †ccvi, gvK©vi, †evW©gvK©vi, ‡_ªW ej BZ¨vw`|


avc - 1 : m~Pbv







†bUIqvwK©s t †bUIqvwK©s GKwU kã, hv †`‡L eëmv e„w×i wel‡q GKvwaK A_© Av‡Q e‡j g‡b nq| Kv‡iv Kv‡iv g‡Z †bUIqvwK©s n‡jv wewfbœ cwiwPZ, mvgvb¨ cwiwPZ eëmvqx‡ì weR‡bm KvW© msMÖn K‡i GKwU WvUv‡eR GKwÎZ Kiv| †KD †KD g‡b K‡ib RbMY/‡μZv/we‡μZv‡ì mvg‡b e¨w³MZfv‡e eëmvi my‡hvM e„w× Kivi Dcvq| GQvov A‡b‡K K_v ejv, Pv-cvb LvIqv, †Kvb wbw`©ó D‡Ï‡k¨ †`Lv I †gjv‡gkv Kivi Rb¨ †bUIqvwK©s K‡i _v‡Kb|

DbœZ K‡i wbR¯^ eëmvwqK †MvjK/cwiwa e„w× K‡i wbR I mgv‡Ri Dbœqb Kiv|

A_ev

eëmvi Dbœqb, wbR Ávb, `ÿZvi DbœZi Dbœqb I wbR¯^ eëmvwqK †MvjK/cwiwa e„w× Kivi D‡Ï‡k¨ wewfbœ e¨w³ ev

mnvqK K…lK‡ì cÖkœ Ki‡eb

dmj Pvl (avb, wZj, gyM Wvj, mwilv, kvK-mewR, gvQ, gyiMx cvjb, Miæ †gvUvZvRvKiY, ZigyR) Ki‡Z wM‡q

fvj exR wKb‡Z cvBbv ex‡Ri `vg †ewk mvi Gi `vg †ewk mwVK KxUbvkK cvB bv mwVK mg‡q Rwg Kl©Y cvwb wb®‹vk‡bi mgm¨v dm‡ji `vg cvB bv ‡Kv_vq wewμ Ki‡j `vg †ewk cve Rvwb bv ‡Kvb ai‡bi c‡Yï `vg †ewk Rvwb bv mnvqK K…lK‡ì AveviI cÖkœ Ki‡eb

fvj RvZ mwVK Lv`¨ UxKv

60

‡Kv_vq wewμ Ki‡j `vg †ewk cve Rvwb bv ‡Kvb c‡Yï `vg †ewk Rvwb bv

Gevi mnvqK K…lK‡ì AveviI cÖkœ Ki‡eb K…l‡Ki wK wK wel‡q mn‡hvwMZv cÖ‡qvRb?

evRv‡i cÖ‡e‡k mn‡hvwMZv evRv‡ii Pvwn`v, †Kvb mgq Pvwn`v †ewk? wK Ki‡j `vg †ewk cvIqv hv‡e? wewfbœ evRv‡ii cvBKvi / AvoZ`vi‡ì mv‡_ cwiwPwZ wewfbœ evRv‡i wewfbœ DcKi‡Yi `v‡gi cv_©K¨ LyPiv g~j¨ I cvBKvix g~‡jï cv_©K¨ fvj cwienb eë¯’v fvj msiÿYvMvi evRv‡ii wbqg - Kvbyb KvwiMix Z_¨ - Drcv`b fvj exR fvj †cvbv / nvum-gyiMxi ev”Pv ‡fRvj gy³ mvi mwVK KxUbvkK I mwVK gvÎv mwVK mg‡q nvum-gyiMxi wUKv gyiMxi / gv‡Qi Lvev‡i mwVK †cÖvwUb gvb FYcÖvwß mwVK mg‡q øyBR †MU cwiPvjbv I iÿYv‡eÿY Rwg Kl©YKvix I Uªv±i †givgZKvix‡ì mv‡_ †hvMv‡hvM kÖwgK‡ì mv‡_ †hvMv‡hvM

GB †mev¸‡jv †c‡Z n‡j †Kv_vq †Kv_vq ev Kvi Kvi mv‡_ †hvMv‡hvM Ki‡Z n‡e ?

Dc‡Rjv K„wl Awdm / DcmnKvix K…wl Kg©KZv© Dc‡Rjv grm¨ Awdm exR, mvi I KxUbvkK we‡μZv

61

Rwg Kl©YKvix cvBKvi AvoZ`vi ‡ecvix kÖwgK UxKv cÖ`vbKvix gvQ I nuvm-gyiMx Lv`¨ we‡μZv wPswo wW‡cvU wWg msMÖnKvix evsjv‡`k cvwb Dbœqb †evW© ya wPwjs †m›Uvi

62

¯’vbxqmsMÖnKvix

evsjv‡`k cvwbDbœqb †evW©

grm¨Awa`ßi

kÖwgK

wPswo wW‡cv

Lv`¨ we‡μZv

DcKiYwe‡μZv

cvBKviwPwjs †m›Uvi

AvoZ`vi

UxKvcÖ`vbKvix

Awa`ßi

cvIqvi wUjvi

cvIqvi wUjvi

Awa`ßi

cvwbe¨e¯’vcbv `j/Drcv`K `j

‡Kb ‡hvMv‡hvM ev †bUIq©vwKs Ki‡ev?

‡fv³vi iæwP I Pvwn`v cwieZ©bkxj, iæwP I Pvwn`vi Dci wfwË K‡i mieivn NvUwZ c~iY Kivi D‡Ï‡k¨| K…wl Drcv`b I evRviRvZKiY cwi‡ek Lye `ªæZ cwiewZ©Z n‡”Q| evRviRvZKi‡Y bZzb bZzb P¨v‡jÄ Gi gy‡LvgywL n‡Z n‡”Q| eQ‡ii wewfb mg‡q wewfbœ Z‡_ï cÖ‡qvRb nq Ges †mB Z_¨ cÖvwß ’vb AcÖZzj|

63

wi‡mvm© dvg©vi/Avi Gd

AmsMwVZK…lK

evRviRvZKi‡YiRb¨ msMwVZ

K…lK `j

evRviRvZKiYK…lK cÖwZwbwa `j

K…lK †UªWvi ev eëmvqximv‡_ ì KlvKwl Ki‡Q

†UªWvi ev eëmvqx

†bUIqvwK©s e„w× Kvivi Dcvq:

wbqwgZ †hvMv‡hvM ivLyb fv‡jv Kv‡Ri Rb¨ cÖksmv Kiæb Ah_v civgk© w`‡eb bv, †Kbbv ‡Kvb e¨w³‡K civgk© †`Iqvi GLwZqvi Avcbvi mxwgZ ‡KD wKQz PvIqvi Av‡MB Zv‡K wKQz w`b, hw` Avcbvi mvg_©¨ _v‡K ‡Kvb †Mvcb D‡Ïk¨ _vKv Pj‡e bv hvi KvQ †_‡K civgk© wb‡Z wd jv‡M, †mLv‡b webv g~‡j¨ civgk© PvB‡eb bv|

‡bUIqv©wKs e„w× Kivi c×wZ:

BwZevPK _vK‡Z n‡e ¯kix‡i Dcw¯’Z _vK‡j fvj nq hvi mv‡_ ‡hvMv‡hvM evov‡Z Pvb, wZwb H mgq Ab¨ Kv‡iv mv‡_ K_v ej‡Z e¨¯Í _vK‡j bxie _vKzb ms‡ÿ‡c K_v ejyb DcKvi ev myweav †c‡q _vK‡j K…ZÁZv cÖKvk Kiæb AvšÍwiKfv‡e K_v ejyb ax‡i K_v ejyb ‡h‡Kvb cY¨ wewμ Ki‡j ev mieivn Ki‡j gvb wbwðZ Kiæb g‡bv‡hvM mnKv‡i ïbyb Bw½Z Nwo - hLb wZwb K_v ej‡Z ev ïb‡Z cÖ¯‘Z, ZLbB K_v ejvi/cY¨ †Kbvi/ †mev †Kbvi/cY¨ wewμi †Póv Kiyb ev K_v ejyb



64

eøy †Mvì †cÖvMÖvg

†bvU

66

‡bUIqvwK©s t

e¨emvi Dbœqb, wbR Ávb, `ÿZv DbœZi Dbœqb I wbR¯^ e¨emvwqK †MvjK/cwiwa e„w× Kivi D‡Ï‡k¨ wewfbœ

‡Kb †bUIq©vwKs Ki‡ev?

‡fv³vi iæwP I Pvwn`v cwieZ©bkxj, iæwP I Pvwn`vi Dci wfwË K‡i mieivn NvUwZ c~iY Kivi D‡Ï‡k¨

K…wl Drcv`b I evRviRvZKiY cwi‡ek Lye `ªæZ cwiewZ©Z n‡”Q|

evRviRvZKi‡Y bZzb bZzb P¨v‡jÄ Gi gy‡LvgywL n‡Z n‡”Q|

67


†mk‡bi wk‡ivbvg t K…wl Dbœq‡b Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³i f~wgKv

†mk‡bi D‡Ïk¨ t GB †mkb †k‡l AskMÖnYKvixiv Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³ K…wl Dbœq‡b wKfv‡e f~wgKv ivL‡Z cvi‡e, Zv Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb

K…wl I evRviRvZKi‡Y wK wK Z‡_¨i cÖ‡qvRb nq Ges †mB Z_¨ wKfv‡e N‡i e‡m cvIqv hvq, †bUIqv©wKs e„w×‡Z


K…wl Kj †m›Uvi K…wl msμvšÍ wewfbœ miKvix I‡qemvBU K…wl msμvšÍ wewfbœ A¨vcm †bUIqv©wKs e„w×‡Z Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³i f~wgKv

†mk‡bi †gqv` t 45.00 wgwbU cÖwk¶Y c×wZ t gy³ Av‡jvPbv, †cv÷vi cÖ`k©b, wfcKvW© (VIPP-Visualization In Participatory Programme), BZ¨vw`|

cÖwk¶Y DcKiY t †cv÷vi (nv‡Z †jLv), wfcKvW©, †cv÷vi †ccvi, gvK©vi, †evW©gvK©vi, ‡gvevBj ‡dvb BZ¨vw`|


avc - 1 : m~Pbv







Ki‡Z cv‡ib

AvBwmwU (Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³) ej‡Z wK eywS? Z_¨ cÖvwßi Rb¨ wK wK Dcvq n‡Z cv‡i? N‡i e‡m wK fv‡e Z_¨ †c‡Z cvwi?

Av‡ivc AwWI-wfRyqvj

wm‡÷g, †gvevBj †dvb BZ¨vw`)|

cÖ‡qvM/ eënvi|

K…wl‡Z AvBwmwU eënv‡ii my‡hvM t

Pvl c×wZ, mgm¨vi mgvavb (†ivM-‡cvKvgvKo)

evRvi Z_¨ Rvbv

Z‡_ï Drm AbymÜvb, BZ¨vw`|

‡Kb Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³i eënvi?

KvwiMix Áv‡bi Afve elv©Kv‡j ‡hvMv‡hvM ¯’vcb KwVb Riæix wfwË‡Z †mevi cÖ‡qvRb nq

KvwiMix mgvavb

‡gvevBj †dv‡bi gva¨‡g †h KviI mv‡_ †hvMv‡hvM Kiv hvq| wewfbœ †gvevBj A¨vcm Gi gva¨‡gI †h †KD cÖ‡qvRbxq Z_¨ msMÖn Ki‡Z cv‡i| †iwWI †h †Kvb RvqMvq †cŠuQv‡Z cv‡i|

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wewfbœ I‡qemvBU †hgb :

K…wl gš¿Yvjq : http://www.moa.gov.bdhttp://www.dae.gov.bd

K…wl wecYb Awa`ßi : http://dam.portal.gov.bdevsjv‡`k K…wl M‡elYv Bbw÷wUDU : http://www.bari.gov.bdevsjv‡`k avb M‡elYv Bbw÷wUDU : http://www.brri.gov.bdevsjv‡`k g„wËKv M‡elYv Bbw÷wUDU : http://www.srdi.gov.bdgrm¨ Awa`ßi : http://www.fisheries.gov.bd

: http://www.dls.gov.bdmvi mycvwik wb‡`©wkKv : http://www.frs-bd.com

wewfbœ †gvevBj A¨vc

K…l‡Ki wWwRUvj wVKvbv evjvBbvkK wb‡`©wkKv weGgwW AvenvIqv A¨vcevsjv‡`k K…wl M‡elYv Bbw÷wUDU : K…wl cÖhyw³ fvÛvievsjv‡`k avb M‡elYv Bbw÷wUDU : Rice Knowledge Bankgrm¨ Awa`ßi : Fish Advice

: Livestock Diary BLRI Feed Master

wewfbœ Kj †m›Uvi

K…wl Kj †m›Uvi : 16123 : 09 606 111 666

G‡Mªv BbcyU wi‡UBjvi †bUIqv©K : 09 606 999 888evsjvwjsK : 7676evsjvwjsK : 2474iwe : 27676MÖvgxY †dvb : 27676

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Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM gva¨g t Z_¨ / Information ‡hvMv‡hvM / Communication

WvUv †m›Uvi nvW©Iqvi mvf©vi cwÎKv ‡gvevBj A¨vcm

I‡qemvBU

K…wl Dbœq‡b wewfbœ cÖKvi cÖhyw³ t

‡Uwj‡dvb

‡Uwjwfkb ‡iwWI B›Uvi‡bU - I‡qemvBU A¨vcm



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‡iwWI‡UwjwfkbcwÎKv‡gvevBj‡Uwj‡dvbIqvi‡jmm¨v‡UjvBU

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†bvU

Z_¨ I cÖhyw³ K…l‡Ki wbKU †cuŠQ‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i|

K…wl msμvšÍ hveZxq Z_¨ I †mev mve©ÿwbK †`‡ki †h‡Kvb ¯’v‡b K…l‡Ki Kv‡Q ‡cuŠ‡Q w`‡Z AvBwmwU

K…wl‡Z AvBwmwU e¨env‡ii myweav t

K…lK

K…lK K…wl msμvšÍ bvbv Z‡_¨i Drm AbymÜvb Ki‡Z cv‡i

gv‡©ku awi‡q‡›ukb i f¨vjy‡pbb dbœqby cÖwkÿy g¨vbyqvjy...gv‡©ku awi‡q‡›ukb i...

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