gujrati patrakarita visheshank

ehfM;k izksQs'kuyksa ds vkRefparu vkSj vkReeaFku dk izdYi

o"kZ&9] vad&34] tuojh&ekpZ] 2015

ekun lykgdkj laikndfo’oukFk lpnso] MkW- ijekRekukFk f}osnh

laikndMkW- Jhdkar flag

428&jksfgr uxj] Qst&1] Hkksiky&462039 ¼eiz½eksckby % 09893598888

E-mail: [email protected]

leLr in voSrfud] jpukvksa dk nkf;Ro jpukdkjksa ijA fdlh Hkh fookn dk twfjlfMD’ku jk;iqj gksxkA

lg;ksx jkf'k;g vad % 50

okf"kZd % 200] ¼O;fDrxr½ % 400 ¼laLFkkxr½ j

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euhvkMZj] Mªk¶V ;k psd ehfM;k foe'kZ&Hkksiky ds uke ls gh HkstsaA ckgj ds psd esa 40 #i;s vfrfjDr tksM+saA

eqnzd ,oa izdk’kd Hkwfedk f}osnh }kjk fiz;adk vkWQlsV] 25 ,& izsl dkEiysDl] ,e-ih- uxj] Hkksiky ls eqfnzr djkdj ,e-vkbZ-th-& 37] gkmflax cksMZ dkyksuh] dpuk] jk;iqj ¼NÙkhlx<+½ ls izdkf’krA

laiknd % MkW- Jhdkar flag

milaikndiadt dqekj] f'kf'kj f}osnh] ehrsUnz ukxs'k] fgrs'k 'kqDyk

izca/k laikndizHkkr feJ] 'khrykuan frokjh

v"VHkqtk 'kqDy] MkW- xksik ckxph] MkW- lqHknzk jkBkSj] MkW- vkjrh lkjax

lat; f}osnh eks- 09893598888

dk;Zdkjh laiknd

ISSN 2249-0590

iwue feJbZesy% [email protected]

i`"B lTtk

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fopkjkFkZu;k nkSj] ubZ pqukSfr;ka

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tuojh&ekpZ 2015foe'kZehfM;k

Cover Story

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flus foe'kZ

uhrk mnkuh 84

ehfM;k xq#

MkW- ;klhu nyky 75

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NySfpsu `ÓLpfÐh qhíp¡jp„L

bl vad ds vfrfFk laiknddey 'kekZ

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1- 'kf'kdkar olkuh 092- fiadh nyky 113- Hkxorh dqekj 'kekZ 134- euh"k esgrk 155- fdjhV x.kk=kk 176- dkSf'kd esgrk 197- dkuk ckVok 218- egs'k ifjey 239- vk'kh"k tks'kh 25

1. Prof. V.S.Gupta 282. Anu Bandopadhyay 323. Mrinal Chatterjee 35

1- 'kSys"k jkoy 492- fiadh nyky 513- dqyoar gSIih 524- t;s"k fprfy;k 555- vpZuk xqlk.kh 576- rq"kkj f=kosnh 597- foØe odhy 628- t;s"k v/;k# 659- vk'kqrks"k nslkbZ 6810- t;s"k Bdjkj 7111- MkW- ;klhu nyky 73

1- vt; uk;d 772- fgeka'kq fddk.kh 803- dY;k.kh ns'keq[k 83

osc foe'kZ

1- vfuy pefM+;k 882- jatuk fo"V 903- lbZn valkjh 93

iqLrd leh{kk

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vk;kstu

yksdsUnz flag 110

02

foe'kZehfM;k tuojh&ekpZ 2015

gkRek xka/kh dk dguk Fkk fganqLrku dh vkRek xkaoksa esa clrh gSA blh rtZ ij esjk [;ky gS fd Hkkjrh; i=kdkfjrk dh vkRek fganqLrku ds yk[kksa xkaoksa dh viuh&viuh Hkk"kk vkSj cksfy;ksa esa fuokl djrh gSA lqnwj vkSj lhekar {ks=kksa esa cSBs vke vkneh rd ;fn fdlh dks viuh ckr ;k lans'k igqapkuk gks rks mldh viuh Hkk"kk ls csgrj dksbZ Hkk"kk ughaA vaxzsth vkSj fganh Hkh ml vke vkneh rd lgh

rjhds ls lans'k ugha igqapk ldrhA ;gh otg gS fd ns'k ds fofHkUu jkT;ksa esa mudh viuh Hkk"kkvksa ds v[kckj] if=kdk,a etcwr tM+sa tek, gq, gSaA fizaV ehfM;k ds vykok bysDVªkWfud ek/;e vkSj Fkzh th usV ds ckn rsth ls mHkjs U;w ehfM;k esa Hkh izknsf'kd Hkk"kkvksa dh i=kdkfjrk vkSj etcwr gqbZ gSA egkuxjksa vkSj uxjksa esa ubZ ih<+h ds cPps Hkys gh vaxzsth ek/;e dh Ldwyksa esa f'k{kk ik jgs gSa ysfdu ;s cPps igys viuh Hkk"kk esa dksbZ ckr lksprs gSa vkSj fQj mls vaxzsth esa O;Dr djrs gSaA Bhd blh rjg mUgsa tc dksbZ lans'k vaxzsth esa feyrk gS rks os mldk vuqokn vius efLr"d esa viuh Hkk"kk esa dj mldk vFkZ ,oa vlj tkurs gSaA

xkaoksa dh ckr dh tk, rks ogka Hkh vaxzsth ek/;e esa f'k{kk dk jksx yxk gS] ckotwn blds ogka izknsf'kd Hkk"kkvksa ds Ldwy [kwc py jgs gSaA vke fganqLrkuh vaxzsth esa fdruk Hkh i<+&fy[k ysa] ysfdu ?kj vkSj mldh vke lksgcr esa og viuh gh Hkk"kk esa ckrphr djrk gSA ;gka rd ns[kk x;k gS fd ,d gh fo"k; ij ;fn vaxzsth] fganh vkSj izknsf'kd Hkk"kk dh fdrkcsa j[k nh tk,a rks O;fä viuh Hkk"kk esa fy[kh fdrkc dks i<+uk T;knk ilan djsxk vkSj laHko gS og mls ,d gh cSBd esa i<+ tk,A nwljh Hkk"kkvksa esa f'k{kk vkSj ukSdfj;ka Hkys miyC/k gSa ysfdu nqfu;k ds gj O;fä dh ;g leku lksp gS fd og viuh Hkk"kk ls T;knk nwljh fdlh Hkh Hkk"kk ls I;kj ugha djrkA fganqLrku esa dgkor gS fd gj 12 dksl ij cksyh vkSj ikuh cny tkrk gS rks ;gka rks ;g vkSj Hkh fujkyh ckr gSA dqN jkT;ksa dh viuh iwjh cksyh gh ugha] muds dkedkt] fy[kkbZ&i<+kbZ dh viuh Hkk"kk,a gSaA bu Hkk"kkvksa us ns'k ds fodkl esa fganh ds lkFk da/ks ls da/kk feykdj ;ksxnku fn;k gSA ckr tc i=kdkfjrk dh gS rks vaxzstksa ds tqYe ds f[kykQ cksyuk] jktk&jktokM+ksa dh rkuk'kkgh ,oa fQtwy[kphZ ls ysdj yksdrkaf=kd ljdkjksa ds xyr dneksa ij vke turk dks txkus dk dke izknsf'kd Hkk"kkvksa esa lcls T;knk gqvk gSA bu Hkk"kkvksa esa ckaXyk vkSj xqtjkrh us rks ges'kk vge Hkwfedk fuHkkbZ gSA bu Hkk"kkvksa ds v[kckjksa us gj fdlh ds tqYeksa dk tedj fojks/k fd;k vkSj fodkl dh ckr vkbZ rks Hkh c<+&p<+dj fgLlk fy;kA egkRek xka/kh us ns'k dks vktknh fnykus esa cM+k ;ksxnku fn;k vkSj mUgksaus Hkh i=kdkfjrk dk lgkjk fy;k] ftlesa mUgksaus dbZ xqtjkrh v[kckjksa dk laiknu laHkkykA xqtjkrh Hkk"kk ds ̂tUeHkwfe*] ̂QwyNkc* tSls v[kckj pykus okys lkSjk"Vª VªLV ds Hkouksa dk rks mi;ksx ns'k dh vktknh esa c<+&p<+dj fgLlk ysus okys dbZ Økafrdkfj;ksa us viuh cSBdksa vkSj j.kuhfr cukus ds dke fy;kA vktknh ds ckn vius izns'k ds fodkl ds fy, xqtjkrh Hkk"kk ds ek/;eksa us chM+k mBk;k vkSj vkt Hkh ;g dk;Z cxSj #ds&vVds py jgk gSA

fiNys nl lkyksa esa lewph i=kdkfjrk esa O;kid ifjorZu gq, ftUgsa viukus esa Hkh xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk ihNs ugha jghA fizafVax rduhd] fofHkUu laLdj.k ls ysdj vkSj gjsd oxZ dh #fp ds vuq:i lkexzh ijkslus ls ysdj fMftVy ds tekus esa ;gka [kwc dke gks jgk gSA yxHkx gjsd ehfM;k ?kjkuk lks'ky ehfM;k ds gjsd lzksr ij vkus ds vykok viuh osclkbV fodflr dj pqdk gS vkSj rsth ls bl fn'kk esa vkxs c<+k tk jgk gSA iSlk Hkh [kwc fuos'k fd;k tk jgk gSA LekVZQksu ds tekus esa vk, cnyko ls bu ehfM;k ?kjkuksa us vius ;gka dke dj jgs deZpkfj;ksa dks Hkh ySl fd;k gSA T;knkrj xqtjkrh i=kdkjksa dks vki LekVZQksu ls ykbo fjiksfVaZx djrs gq, ns[k ldrs gSaA ?kVukLFky ls gh ySiVkWi ds ek/;e ls LVksjh Qkby djuk vkSj mls osclkbV ij igqapkrs gq, xqtjkrh i=kdkjksa dks vki vklkuh ls ns[k ldrs gSa tcfd vU; Hkk"kkbZ i=kdkfjrk esa ;g vke gks jgk gSA rdjhcu nks lkS lky iqjkuh xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk dh tks uhao ̂ eqacbZ lekpkj* us j[kh og vc ubZ pqukSfr;ksa ds lkFk] u, ek/;eksa ds lkFk] u, dysoj vkSj u, rsoj ds lkFk rsth ls vkxs c<+ jgh gSA gkykafd] ;g Lohdkj djuk gksxk fd xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk dks tksjnkj xfr HkkLdj lewg ds lekpkj i=k ̂ fnO; HkkLdj* us nh] blesa nks jk; ughaA ̂ ehfM;k foe'kZ* ds bl xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk vad esa lewps laikndh; eaMy us xkxj esa lkxj Hkjus dk iz;kl fd;k gS] gkykafd] dbZ phtsa] dbZ ckrsa NwVh gksaxh ysfdu mnwZ i=kdkfjrk ds vad ds ckn {ks=kh; Hkk"kk ds vadksa dh Ük`a[kyk ds rgr fd;k x;k ;g iz;kl ikBdksa dks ilan vk,xk] ,slh mEehn gSA ̂ ehfM;k foe'kZ* ds bl xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk fo'ks"kkad ds fy, ys[k fy[kus okys lHkh ys[kdksa dk eSa vkSj ̂ ehfM;k foe'kZ* dh lewph Vhe fny ls vkHkkj izdV djrh gSA

& dey 'kekZ] bZ&esy& [email protected]

u, tekus dh pqukSfr;kas ds fy, xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrkvfrfFk laiknd dh vksj ls

e

feyh vkidh ikrh

8 tsyksa ij fudkfy, vadeSaus Hkkjrh; tulapkj laLFkku] ubZ fnYyh ls i=kdkfjrk dh i<+kbZ dh gSA eq>s gky gh esa ̂ ehfM;k foe'kZ* dk fnlacj vad ns[kus dks feyk vkSj

eSa mlesa ̂ frudk frudk frgkM+ gS] fruds esa Hkh vkl gS* i<+dj csgn gSjku vkSj [kq'k gqvkA eSaus bl fdrkc dh ppkZ fiNys fnuksa dbZ ckj lquh Fkh ysfdu ,d fdrkc ds lkFk ofrZdk uUnk us brus lkjs iz;ksx fd, gSa] bldk eq>s Kku ugha FkkA eSaus vius vc rd ds thou esa bl rjg dk vuwBk iz;ksx ugha ns[kk gSA bl ys[k dks i<+dj eSa cgqr mRlkgh eglwl dj jgk gwa vkSj eSa [kqn Hkh tsyksa ds fy, dqN djus ds fy, izsfjr gks x;k gwaA vkidk vkHkkj fd vkius gesa ofrZdk uUnk ds cgkus ,d ubZ rjg dh i=kdkfjrk ls voxr djok;kA eSa vkSj esjs lkFkh blds fy, vkidks lk/kqokn nsuk pkgrs gSaA esjk lq>ko gS fd vxj laHko gks rks ,d vad tsyksa ij fudkfy,A

[email protected]& âf"kds'k 'kekZ] bZ&esy&

foe'kZehfM;k

03

tuojh&ekpZ 2015

olqU/kjk jktseq[;ea=kh jktLFkku

lans'kvkt ds ;qx esa ehfM;k ds izHkko ls lHkh ifjfpr gSaA ehfM;k ls lacaf/kr i=k&if=kdk,a dsoy ehfM;kdfeZ;ksa ds fy, gh mi;ksxh ugha gksrh cfYd

buesa vketu dh Hkh #fp gksrh gSA ;g izlUurk dk fo"k; gS fd ehfM;k foe'kZ if=kdk vius egRoiw.kZ fo'ks"kkadksa ds ek/;e ls ehfM;kdfeZ;ksa ds vkRefparu dk vk/kkj vkSj vU; yksxksa dks ehfM;k dh vf/kdre tkudkjh iznku djus esa l{ke gqbZ gSA eq>s ;g tkudj izlUurk gS fd ehfM;k foe'kZ us okf"kZd vad ,dkRe ekuookn ds LoIun`"Vk] [;kfruke i=kdkj vkSj ys[kd iafMr nhun;ky mik/;k; ds O;fDrRo ,oa d`frRo ij dsafnzr fd;k gSA if=kdk ds lQy izdk'ku ds fy, esjh vksj ls 'kqHkdkeuk,aA

¼olqU/kjk jkts½

8 vki }kjk laikfnr if=kdk ^ehfM;k foe'kZ* dk ia-

nhun;ky mik/;k; Le`fr vad dbZ n`f"V ls jkspd ,oa Kkuo/kZd yxkA okLro esa Hkkjrh; jktuhfrd O;oLFkk viuh orZeku fLFkfr esa ftl oSpkfjd 'kwU;rk dk vHkko >sy jgh gSA ,sls le; esa ;g fo'ks"kkad vkSj Hkh egRoiw.kZ gks tkrk gSA tgka ,d vksj fopkj/kkjk ds Lrj ij izR;sd jktuhfrd ny ftl nhokfy;siu dks >sy jgs gSa ,sls le; esa nhun;ky mik/;k; dk n'kZu vkSj Hkh izklafxd gks tkrk gSA if=kdk ifjokj blh izdkj ds iz;kl vkxs Hkh djrk jgs rkfd ;qok ih<+h dks lgh ekxZn'kZu fey ldsA

& x.ks'k ukjk;.k feJk] ofj"B Hkktik usrk] dIrkuxat fo/kkulHkk {ks=] cLrh ¼m-iz-½

Kkuo/kZd vad 8

& vukeh'kj.k ccy] fnYyh

Hkkjrh; i=kdkfjrk ij gks ,d vadcgqr [kwcA exj Hkkjrh; i=kdkfjrk ij vad fudkyus dh ;kstuk ij

dke djsa] rkfd ,d gh vad esa reke Hkkjrh; Hkk"kkbZ i=kdkfjrk ds gky&csgky] pky] ekykeky] eLr gky vkSj nyky i=kdkfjrk dk Hkh voyksdu fd;k tk ldsA ;g lc dke egkuxj ls nwj gh laHko gS] D;ksafd fnYyh esa cSBs reke ys[kd] vkykspd] fo'ys"kd vkSj Louke/kU; yksx dsoy Vhdk&fVIi.kh] fuank] vkykspuk] [kaHkk m[kkM+us] iqjLdkj gfFk;kus] nwljksa dks uhpk fn[kkus esa gh ekfgj vkSj eats gq, gSaA vki ns[k yhft, ge fnYyh okyksa dks okrkuqdwfyr jsy] gksVy ds vykok dqN ugha Hkkrk vkSj u blds cxSj tkrs gSaA esgur& fparu vkfn dks nwjLFk bykdksa ds fy, NksM+ fn;k x;k gSA ,d lky esa ;kn djsa dksbZ ,d Hkh ehfM;k ij lsfeukj gqvk gS\ ugha D;ksafd ge [kaHkk m[kkM+us okyksa dh Js.kh esa ¼ls½ vkrs gaSA fygktk Hkkjrh; i=kdkfjrk ij vad dh ;kstuk ̂ehfM;k foe'kZ* dks gh djuk laHko gksxkA

8

& iznhi panz ik.Ms;] laiknd% nSfud Hkkjrh; cLrh] cLrh ¼m-iz-½] eks- 9336715406

nhun;ky th ij lkFkZd foe'kZle;xr nzksg dky esa jpukRed l`tu nq:g gksrk tk jgk gSA fopkj ij cktkj dk opZLo c<+rk gh tk jgk gSA ,sls le;

esa tcfd lkfgfR;d vkSj oSpkfjd i=k if=kdkvksa ds can gksus dk nq%[kn flyflyk py jgk gks] fcuk 'kkldh; vkfFkZd lg;ksx ds ^ehfM;k foe'kZ* ds 8 o"kZ iw.kZ gksus ij lHkh lkfFk;ksa dks gkfnZd vkHkkjA lat; vius uke ds vuq:i cpiu ls gh viuh jpukRedrk latks;s gq;s gSa vkSj bldh Nki ̂ ehfM;k foe'kZ* ds fofo/k vadksa esa eq[kfjr gksrh gSA ia- nhun;ky mik/;k; ij dsfUnzr okf"kZdkad esa dnkfpr Lej.k ugha vkrk fd fdlh if=kdk us muds i=kdkjh; ljksdkjksa ij bruk laxzg miyC/k djk;k gksA laikndh; esa gh lat; f}osnh us tula?k ls Hkktik vkSj mlesa ia- nhun;ky mik/;k; ds ;ksxnku dks djhus ls js[kkafdr dj ikBdkas esa #fp txk nh gSA ;g dVq lR; gS fd fopkj dHkh ugha ejrs] os le; ds lkFk fodflr gksdj Qyrs&Qwyrs gSaA ia- nhun;ky mik/;k; ds thou ds fofo/k :i gSa vkSj mudk i=kdkjh; i{k ,d funsZ'kd ds :i esa vf/kd jgk gS ftldk izHkko Jh vVy

fcgkjh cktis;h esa fn[krk gSA mudh i=kdkfjrk ykHk vftZr djus dh ugha oju dkaVksa ds chp l`tu dh gSA ̂ ehfM;k foe'kZ* dk ;g okf"kZdkad laxzg.kh; cu x;k gSA ia- nhun;ky mik/;k; ds tu lapkjd ds :i esa iM+rky dh dM+h esa MkW- JhdkUr flag] fxjh'k mik/;k;] Mk- egs'k pUnz 'kekZ] nsosUnz Lo:i lfgr vusd fopkjdksa us iafMr th ds leiZ.k] la?k"kZ dks c[kwch js[kkafdr fd;k gSA fuf'pr :i ls ehfM;k foe'kZ dk ;g vad mu yksxksa ds fy;s lq[kn gS tks tu lapkjd ds :i esa ia- nhun;ky mik/;k; dks tkuuk] le>uk pkgrs gSaA lp gS fdlh fojkV O;fäRo dk ewY;kadu mldh vuqifLFkfr esa laHko gSA ;g Hkjkslk etcwr gqvk gS fd ek/;e txr ij dsfUnzr ̂ehfM;k foe'kZ* ,sls l`tukRed igy dh dfM+;ka tksM+rk jgsxkA eaxydkeuk;saA

8

& xksj[k ;kno] dk;Zdkfj.kh lnL;] nf/kfp lsok laLFkku] cLrh ¼m-iz-½

fofo/krk ls ;qDr lkexzhfoxr dbZ o"kkZsa ls vkidh if=kdk dk fu;fer ikBd gwaA

if=kdk viuh 'kq#vkr ls gh vad nj vad vius rsoj vkSj dysoj dk fodkl djrh gqbZ dc vkB o"kZ dh ;k=kk iwjh dj yh ;g ,d fopkj.kh; iz'u gS D;ksafd fdlh Hkh if=kdk ds brus jax dHkh lwpuk dk vf/kdkj] rks dHkh gqbZ i=kdkfjrk] dHkh fQYe fo'ks"kkad] dHkh fganh dh nqnZ'kk ij dsfUnzr fo'ks"kkad ;g crkrk gS fd if=kdk dk laiknd eaMy ifjokj fdruh ltxrk ds lkFk&lkFk brus fofo/krk dks lesVs gq, gSA if=kdk dh ;gh fofo/krk bl if=kdk dks vius ledkyhu if=kdkvksa ls vyx [kM+k djrh gS vc ̂ xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk* esa D;k vk;ksxk bldh mRlqdrk vkSj bartkj gSA

8

& jes'kpanz 'kkg] fujkyk uxj] Hkksiky

iBuh;&laxzg.kh;vad iBuh;] laxzg.kh; gSA esjk [kqn dk

Kkuo/kZu gqvkA muds dbZ egRoiw.kZ nLrkost rqeus bdëk ,d txg lqyHk djok fn,A c/kkbZ ds ik=k gks okdbZA

ehfM;k foe'kZ ds LokfeRo ovU; fooj.k dk C;kSjkQkeZ ua- 4 ¼:y ua- 8½

1- izdk'ku dk LFkku % ,e-vkbZth 37] gkmflax cksMZ dkyksuh] dpuk] jk;iqj ¼N-x-½

2- izdk'ku dh vof/k % =kSekfld3- eqnzd dk uke % Hkwfedk f}osnh D;k Hkkjrh; ukxfjd gS\ % gk¡4- izdk'kd dk uke % Hkwfedk f}osnh D;k Hkkjrh; ukxfjd gS\ % gk¡5- laiknd dk uke % MkW- Jhdkar flag D;k Hkkjrh; ukxfjd gS\ % gk¡ irk % ,evkbZth 37] gkmflax cksMZ dkyksuh]

dpuk] jk;iqj ¼N-x-½6- mu O;fDr;ksa ds uke o irs tks if=kdk ds Lokeh gksa rFkk tks leLr iwath ds ,d izfr'kr ls vf/kd ds lk>snkj ;k fgLlsnkj gksaA % Hkwfedk f}osnh

eSa Hkwfedk f}osnh ?kksf"kr djrh gw¡ fd esjh vf/kdre tkudkjh ,oa fo'okl ds vuqlkj Åij fn, x, fooj.k lR; gSaA

gLrk{kj¼Hkwfedk f}osnh½

izdk'kd

04


foe'kZehfM;k

05

tuojh&ekpZ 2015

8

& izks- dey nhf{kr] laiknd% ewY;kuqxr ehfM;k] bankSj ¼e-iz-½

foLe`r gks jgs egkiq#"k dh ;kndHkh&dHkh ;g dgk tkrk gS fd Hkkjrh; tula?k ds ikl fgUnw jk"Vªokn mldh igpku ds :Ik esa FkkA ij Hkkjrh; turk

ikVhZ ds ikl ,slk D;k gS tks mldh igpku ds :Ik esa izLrqr fd;k tk ldsA ,sls oDr esa ia- nhun;ky mik/;k; dk ,dkRe ekuookn gh mldh igpku dk dke djrk gSA tks yksx vc ipkl ls vf/kd o"kZ ds gSa os rks nhun;ky mik/;k; ds ckjs esa dqN ;k dqN vf/kd tkurs gksaxs ij vf/kdrj ;qokvksa ds fy, ;g ,d jktuhfrd uke Hkj gSA

dHkh izlax vkus ij os ,dkRe ekuookn ds ckjs esa Hkh crk ldrs gSa ij muds bl fodkl n'kZu ds lexz n`f"ViFk dks ns[k&le> ikuk lkekU;r% gks ugha ikrkA tcfd lp rks ;g gS fd egkRek xka/kh ds ckn Hkkjr ds lexz fodkl dks Hkkjrh; vo/kkj.kkvksa ds lkFk lfeJ djus dk vk/kkji=k gS& ,dkRe ekuooknA Mk jkeeuksgj yksfg;k Hkh blh ijEijk ds jgs gSaA ij mudk

lektokn ;wjksi ls gksdj Hkkjr rd igqapk gSA xka/kh dks rks os cgqr ckn esa] ,d vFkZ esa vafre le; esa gh le>s vkSj Lohdkj fd;kA ,sls jktra=kh; fpardksa dks dsoy muds O;k[;kuksa ;k ys[kksa ls iwjk ugha le>k tk ldrk gSA mudk lexz bfro`Ùk tkuuk t:jh gksrk gSA ehfM;k foe'kZ dk okf"kZdkad& Hkkjrh;rk dk lapkjd ia- nhun;ky mik/;k; dks bl vFkZ esa le>us ds fy, cgqr egRoiw.kZ gSA

ia- nhun;ky mik/;k; dh tUe'krh flracj] 2015 ls izkjaHk gksxhA ml le; muds O;fDrRo vkSj d`frRo ij dqN vf/kd izdk'k Mkyk tk;sxkA vc os yksx rks gSa ugha ftUgksaus nhun;ky th dks laxBu djrs] pquko yM+krs ;k jk"Vªfparu djrs ns[kk] lquk vkSj le>k gSA mudk vk/kkji=k vkSj muds O;k[;ku rks gSa ij ogh mudk lexz O;fDrRo ugha gSA ek/kojko lnkf'kojko xksyoydj xq#th] ukukth ns'keq[k] Mk lEiw.kkZuan ds fopkjksa ls muds O;fDrRo ds xq.k lkdkj gksrs gSaA ukukth ns'keq[k dk og vuqHko ftlesa nhun;kyth ,d iSlk ykSVkus ds fy, lCth okyh ds ikl x;s] mudh ekuoh; laosnuk dks Li"V djrk gSA rHkh rks ;g le> vkrk gS fd ,dkRe ekuookn ds n'kZu dk vk/kkj gh mudh varHkwZr ekuoh;rk gSA

xq#th rFkk vU; yksxksa us muds vtkr'k=kq gksus ;k mudks dHkh ve;kZfnr O;ogkj ;k cksy u djus ds ckjs esa crk;k gSA mlls gh rks yxrk gS fd dSls os ijLij fojks/kh fopkj/kkjkvksa ds fnXxtksa dks lafon dh est ij cSBkus esa dke;kc jgsA yxHkx 32&33 fo}kuksa us mu ij tks fopkj O;Dr fd;s gSa muls gh os iwjh rjg le> esa vkrs gSaA ,d ek;us esa ̂ ehfM;k foe'kZ* dk ;g vad nhun;ky lexz gS vkSj mudh tUe'krh ds fy, Hkh laHko gS vk/kkj lanHkZ dh t:jr dks iwjk djrk gqvk gSA

êhfM;k foe'kZ* ds dk;Zdkjh lEiknd Jh lat; f}osnh us lpeqp gh ;g vad bl rjg ls la;ksftr fd;k gS fd og foLe`r gks jgs ,d egkiq#"k dks lexz :Ik ls le>us ds fy, lEiw.kZ t:jh lanHkZ izLrqr fd;s gSaA blesa nhun;ky mik/;k; th ds os vk/kkj O;k[;ku Hkh gSa tks ,dkRe ekuookn dks O;k[;kf;r djus ds fy, mUgksaus fn;s FksA bu nLrkostksa esa xq#th] ukukth vkSj Mk- lEiw.kkZuan ds fopkj Hkh gSa tks ia- nhun;ky mik/;k; dh fo'ks"krkvksa rFkk xq.kksa dks mn~?kkfVr djrs gSaA bl ek;us esa ;g ,d laxzg.kh; vad gSA

8

& MkW- 'kf'kdyk JhokLro] iz/kkukpk;Z] Jh ';ke cgknqj vk;Z dU;k baVj dkyst] cLrh ¼m-iz-½

u;k rsoj& u;k dysojêhfM;k foe'kZ* =kSekfld if=kdk us ikBdksa dk Kkuo/kZu djrs gq, vkB o"kZ dh ;k=kk

iw.kZ dh gS] blds fy;s lEiknd eaMy rFkk mlls izR;{k vFkok ijks{k :i ls tqM+s gq, yksxksa dks dksfV&dksfV c/kkbZ] D;ksafd bu yksxksa ds vFkd iz;kl ls gh ;d if=kdk bruh mRd`"V ,oa yksdfiz; cu ldhA

îa- nhun;ky mik/;k;* ij vk/kkfjr bl vad dks ikdj eu izlUu gks x;kA cgqr fnuksa ckn ̂ ikaptU;*] ̂ jk"Vª/keZ*] ̂dey lans'k* tSls uke i<+us dks feykA vc rd 25 fnlacj dh rkjh[k dsoy ̂ fØlel Ms* ds uke ls gh tkuk tkrk Fkk( fdUrq vc rks 25 fnlacj ds ekus gh cny x;kA blds fy;s lat; th dks cgqr&cgqr /kU;oknA ̂ ehfM;k foe'kZ* izR;sd vad esa vius u;s rsoj vkSj u;s dysoj ds lkFk fofHkUu Nq,&vuNq, fo"k;ksa dks ysdj viuh ;k=kk dks Lof.kZe 100 o"kZ iwjh djs blh 'kqHkdkeuk ds lkFkA

8

& jkgqy lkaLd`R;k;u] Nk=] Hkkjrh; tulapkj laLFkku] fnYyh

tkjh jgs ;g flyflykvkt nksigj ds ckn dk iwjk fnu

êhfM;k foe'kZ* ds uke FkkA igyh ckj iwjh if=kdk ,d fnu esa i<+hA nhun;ky th ds ckjs esa flQZ ogh tkudkjh vius ikl Fkh tks ;k rks fofdihfM;k crkrk Fkk] ;k dHkh&dHkh yksxksa ls lquh gq;h ckrksa ij ysfdu if=kdk esa bruk lc dqN i<+dj vPNk yxkA mEehn gS ;s Øe vkxs Hkh tkjh jgsxkA

8

i=dkj% nSfud fganqLrku] lqYrkuiqj

fnus'k nqcs

egRoiw.kZ vadegkeuh"kh iafMr nhun;ky

mik/;k; ij dsfUnzr ^ehfM;k foe'kZ* dk okf"kZdkad nks fnu igys gkFk vk;kA fe=kksa ls dkQh ppkZ lquus ls blds fo"k; oLrq dks tkuus le>us dh izcy bPNk FkhA if=kdk ds drkZ/krkZ& dk;Zdkjh laiknd

vkSj [kqn dks esjk NksVk HkkbZ dgus okys lat; f}osnh ij vPNs dyedkj] mlls dgha T;knk laxBu vkSj laxzgdrkZ ds :i esa cpiu ls esjk Hkjkslk jgk gSA cpiu esa cky fe=k lHkk dk xBu vkSj cky lqeu if=kdk ds laiknd ds :i esa lat; dh ;k=kk fd'kksj] ;qok vkSj izkS<+ ls vkxs gks pyh gSA cpiu ls vc rd tks muls tqM+k] mudk gksdj jgkA ¼bl ckjs esa 'kk;n dksbZ viokn gks rks eSa ugha tkurk½ mlls dke Hkh fy;k vkSj mls irk Hkh ugha pykA og ,d nkSj Fkk tc lat; vkSj ge 24 esa djhc 12 ?kaVs lkFk gksrs FksA vc lat; Hkksiky fLFkr ek[kuyky prqoZsnh jk"Vªh; i=kdkfjrk ,oa lapkj fo'ofo|ky; esa izksQslj gSa vkSj eaS osruHkksxh i=kdkjA lat; ds ckjs esa bruh Hkwfedk ds ihNs esjk vk'k; ;g gS fd vkt ds nkSj esa if=kdk fudkyuk mruk dfBu ugha ftruk ew/kZU; fo}kuksa ls fo"k; dsfUnzr lkexzh fy[kok ysukA bl xqj esa lat; cpiu ls gh ekfgj jgs tks ifjiDo gks pys gSaA le fopkjksa ls foijhr yksxksa ls Hkh mudh csgrj lksp dks ykdj yksxksa ds lkeus ijksl nsukA ;g mudk dyk dkS'ky gSA iafMr nhun;ky mik/;k; ij dsfUnzr ^ehfM;k foe'kZ* ds gkFk esa vk, bl vad esa lkjs rks ugha dqN ew/kZU; fo}kuksa ds tks fopkj eSaus i<+s mlls eSaus ;gh eglwl fd;kA bl vad esa ftu fo}kuksa ds fopkj vk, gaSA ,d ls c<+dj ,d] vPNs yxsA gk¡ ;gka ;g t:j dguk pkgw¡xk fd vkidh oSpkfjd o jktuhfrd izfrc)rk dqN Hkh gks ldrh gS ! ij] ;fn ;g if=kdk vkidks fey lds rks t:j i<+saA dSfj;j vkSj dkS'ky nksuksa n`f"V ls mi;ksxh gSA Hkys vki nhun;ky mik/;k; ds i{k esa gksa ;k izfri{k esa gksaA

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06



8

8

eu&efLr"d dks dj fn;k >ad`r ehfM;k foe'kZ esa izdkf'kr ys[kksa dks i<+dj eu izlUu gks x;kA if=kdk esa fojkV Hkkjr dh ,sfrgkfld] /kkfeZd] lkaLd`frd ,oa uSfrd fparu ijEijk ds ekSfyd fo'ys"k.k us eu ,oa efLr"d dks >ad`r dj fn;kA oSf'od ekuo lEca/kksa dks tksM+us ,oa ck/kkvksa dks rksM+us ds fy, egkekuo ia- nhun;ky mik/;k; ds cgqvk;keh fopkjksa dk fo'ys"k.k cgqr ckjhdh ls fo}kuksa us fd;k gSA

& vo/k ukjk;.k pkS/kjh] fuorZeku ofj"B izk/;kid] ,ih,u ihth dkWyst] cLrh iBuh; lkexzh ,oa fo'ks"kkad gSa igpkuehfM;k foe'kZ vius vusd egRoiw.kZ fo'ks"kkadksa ds ckn igyh ckj nf{k.kiaFkh fopkj/kkjk

ds ,d fof'k"V iqjks/kk dks dsUnz esa ysdj vk;k gSA vkt lÙkk ds 'kh"kZ rd tk igqaph bl fopkj/kkjk ds ,d O;fä dks lexzrk esa izLrqr dj laiknd Jh lat; f}osnh us i=kdkfjrk txr ,oa izcq)tuksa dk fgr lk/ku fd;k gSA vius okf"kZdkad esa ehfM;k foe'kZ us Hkkjrh;rk ds lapkjd ia- nhun;ky mik/;k; dks foy{k.k :i esa izLrqr dj vius dks izekf.kr gh fd;k gSA

& izks- eatq f=ikBh] fgUnh foHkkx] nhun;ky mik/;k; xksj[kiqj fo'ofo|ky;] xksj[kiqj ¼mÙkjizns'k½

foe'kZehfM;k

07

tuojh&ekpZ 2015

8

&

n`f"V vkSj lkQ gksxhfopkjijd if=kdk ̂ ehfM;k foe'kZ* dk uohu fo'ks"kkad gkFk

yxrs gh ân; xn~xn~ gks x;kA [kkldj bldh lajpuk ns[kdj vHkh rd if=kdk ds ftrus Hkh fo'ks"kkad vk;s] viuh vyx&vyx fn'kk vkSj fofo/krk dks fy, gq, Fks ij bl vad esa tgka nhun;ky th dks u;s rjhds ls tkuus vkSj i<+us dks feyk] esjk ekuuk gS fd vHkh rd vke ikBd dh n`f"V esa nhun;ky th dks ,d fopkj/kkjk dh ifjf/k ls gh ns[kk x;k Fkk ij bl fo'ks"kkad ds vkus ds u, lekt ds izR;sd O;fDr dh fopkj/kkjk dk nk;jk Hkh c<+sxk vkSj nhun;ky th ds izfr n`f"V vkSj lkQ gksxhA

vthr 'kqDyk] lg&la;kstd] lekt dY;k.k izdks"B] Hkktik] ftyk cLrh] ¼m-iz-½

8 ^ehfM;k foe'kZ* dk okf"kZdkad izkIr gqvkA eSa fganh

i=kdkfjrk ds ghjks ds nksuksa vad laxzfgr djds j[kwaxkA iwoZ ds dbZ vadksa dks esjs }kjk mfpr LFkkuksa ij KkuktZu gsrq j[kk x;k gSA eSa ,d nfyr ifjokj ls gwa fQj Hkh dqN yksxksa dh rqf"Vdj.k uhfr ls {kqC/k gwaA dqN rks ek=k LokFkZo'k la?k ,oa fgnw laxBuksa ls fojks/k trkrs gSaA ijarq lPpkbZ viuh txg fLFkj gSA ehfM;k foe'kZ ds vadksa dks ns[k&i<+dj dqN yksx ;aw gh bZ";kZo'k i{kikr dk vkjksi e<+ nsrs gSaA ijUrq ,slh ckr ugha gSA Hkkjr fo'o xq# cuus ds iFk ij vxzlj gSA bls dksbZ jksd ugha ldrkA igys dqN LokFkhZ jktusrkvksa ds paxqy esa ns'k =kkfg&=kkfg dj jgk Fkk] vc yksx le> pqds gSa vkSj f'kf{kr gksus ds ukrs viuk Hkyk&cqjk djus okyksa dh ij[k Hkh djrs gSaA tkfr&/keZ ds uke ij cjxykus okys vc eqagdh [kk jgs gSaA

& fd'kksj pkS/kjh ¼i=dkj½ lapkyd pkS/kjh cqd LVkWy] xzke@iks- blykeiqj] ftyk ukyank ¼fcgkj½]

fiu& 801303] eks- 9934081566

rqf"Vdj.k ls {kqC/k gwa8

& v#.k ik.Ms;] izoDrk vaxzsth] usg: baVj dkyst] [kyhykckn] lar dchj uxjA

egRoiw.kZ vadvkidh if=kdk ^ehfM;k foe'kZ* dk eSa fu;fer ikBd

gwaA if=kdk esa izdkf'kr iBuh; lkexzh ls fofHkUu izdkj tkudkjh izkIr gksrh gSA b/kj ^cnyko ds ckbZl cjl* dk nks vad cM+k egRoiw.kZ FkkA bl vad ds }kjk iwjs ns'k esa gq, cnykoksa dh iwjh tkudkjh if=kdk ds ek/;e ls izkIr gqbZA

clar dqekj frokjh th] jktsUnz ;kno th ds nsgkUr ij csgn nq[k gqvk] fo'ks"kdj clar th dsA og bl if=kdk ls fujarj tqM+s jgs vkSj vkf[kjh oDr rd if=kdk dk oSpkfjd lg;ksx djrs jgsA if=kdk blh izdkj mUufr djrh jgsA if=kdk ifjokj dh cgqr&cgqr c/kkbZA

8

&

'kks/k xzaFk dh rjg yxk ehfM;k foe'kZfiNys fnuksa ehfM;k foe'kZ dk ia- nhun;ky mik/;k; Le`fr vad i<+rs gq, yxkrkj yxrk jgk fd eSa fdlh if=kdk dk fo'ks"kkad ugha]

cfYd mu ij izdkf'kr 'kks/k xzaFk i<+ jgk gwaA esjs tSls cgqrksa dks bl ckr dk bYe gh ugha Fkk fd ia- nhun;ky th ds cgqvk;keh O;fäRo dk i=kdkjh; i{k fdlh Hkh cM+s dgs tkus okys i=kdkj ls dgha vf/kd cM+k gSA ;g Bhd gS fd os fdlh jktuhfrd ny ls tqM+s vkSj mudh igpku mlh :i esa ge lcds lkeus gS] ysfdu ftl rjg dk thou thrs gq, mUgksaus Hkkjrh; lekt esa dE;qfuds'ku ds fy, u,&u, vk;ke x<+s vkSj mUgsa c[kwch fuHkk;k Hkh] og vn~Hkqr gSA tkfgj gS fd ,sls O;fäRo dk xgu v/;;u Hkh i=kdkfjrk dks cukus vkSj ekatus ds fy, t:jh gks tkrk gSA ̂ ehfM;k foe'kZ* dks lk/kqokn fd mlus bl nkf;Ro dks cM+s gh eu ls fuHkk;k gSA ,d ckr vkSj fd ehfM;k esa tc fodkjksa dk nkSj py jgk gks rks ,sls egkiq#"kksa ds d`frRo vkSj O;fäRo dks lkeus ykdj viuh ;kuh i=kdkfjrk dh Le`fr ijaijkvksa ls

yksxksa dks tksM+uk cgqr t:jh gks tkrk gSA laiknd eaMy dks c/kkbZ o 'kqHkdkeuk,aA

/kuat; pksiM+k] ikB~îØe leUo;d] lsUVj vkWQ ehfM;k LVMht] bykgkckn fo'ofo|ky;] bZ&esy& [email protected]

8

fo'ofo|ky;] xksj[kiqj ¼m-iz-½

loZs'k dqekj ik.Ms;] fo|kFkhZ] nhun;ky mik/;k; xksj[kiqj

fganh i=kdkfjrk esa cstksM+ if=kdk^Hkkjrh;rk dk lapkjd% ia- nhun;ky mik/;k; Le`fr fo'ks"kkad*

i<+dj xgjh larqf"V feyhA ehfM;k foe'kZ ds bl vad ds ek/;e ls ,dkRe ekuookn dh vo/kkj.kk dks vf/kd xgjkbZ ls tkuus vkSj le>us dk volj feykA fu%lansg egRoiw.kZ fo'ks"kkad izdkf'kr dj if=kdk u;s dhfrZeku LFkkfir dj jgh gSA if=kdk dh Hkk"kk 'kSyh izHkkoksRiknd gSA if=kdk dh ikB~î lkexzh ikBdksa ds eu&efLr"d esa vfeV Nki NksM+rh gSA fgUnh i=kdkfjrk ds {ks=k esa ;g if=kdk cstksM+ gSA

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8

fou; dqekj feJ] fo|kFkhZ] nhun;ky mik/;k; xksj[kiqj fo'ofo|ky;] xksj[kiqj ¼m-iz-½

iFk izn'kZd dh Hkwfedk fuHkk;s ̂ ehfM;k foe'kZ*,dkRe ekuon'kZu ds iz.ksrk Hkkjrh;rk ds lapkjd ia- nhun;ky mik/;k; ij vk/kkfjr ehfM;k foe'kZ ds vad i<+dj nhun;ky th ds fo"k;

esa cgqr tkudkjh feyhA vad ds var esa foosdkuUn ds Kku;ksx] deZ;ksx] jkt;ksx vkSj Hkfä;ksx dks i<+dj Hkkjrh; oSfnd vkSj ckS) nksuksa izeq[k laLd`fr;ksa ds ckjs esa tkuus dk volj Hkh feykA ge vis{kk djrs gSa fd ̂ ehfM;k foe'kZ* if=kdk ,sls gh vad izdkf'kr dj ;qokvksa ds fy, jk"Vªh;rk ds iFk izn'kZd dh Hkwfedk fuHkkrh jgsxhA

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ehfM;k foe'kZ ds bl vad ij viuh izfrfØ;k,a bZ&esy] ,l,e,l ;k Mkd ls Hkst ldrs gSaA vkidh izfrfØ;k] lq>ko] fVIif.k;ksa vkSj vkykspuk dk Lokxr gSAbZ&esy& [email protected] eksckby@,l,e,l djsa% 09893598888] Mkd Hksats& laiknd] 428] jksfgr uxj] Qst&1] bZ&8 ,DlVsa'ku] Hkksiky& 39

8

& lqjs'k dqekj iaMk] jk;iqj ¼NÙkhlx<+½

lanHkZ xzaFk cu x;k gS ;g vad^ehfM;k foe'kZ* dk vDVwcj ls fnlEcj dk vad okf"kZdkad rFkk ia- nhun;ky mik/;k; Le`fr vad nksuksa gSA lkexzh ds n`f"Vdks.k ls ;fn nksukas

vad vyx&vyx gksrs rks nksuksa gh fo'kky gksrs vkSj laxzg.kh; HkhA vkt dh Hkkjrh; euh"kk jktuhfr izsfjr gSA jktuhfr dsUnz esa gS vkSj thou ds vU; gsrq ifjf/k esaA O;fä ds leLr dk;Zdykiksa dks jktuhfr ds vkbZus ls ns[kuk 'kxy ek=k ugha jg x;k gS] oju vfuok;Zrk dh Js.kh p<+dj thoujl esa lfEefyr gks x;k gSA blhfy, Lora=krk izkfIr ds ckn ftu Hkh euhf"k;ksa us lekt dks] jktuhfr dks] lkfgR; dks vius fparu ls fn'kk nsus dk iz;kl fd;k gS] fdlh ,d jktuhfrd fopkj/kkjk ;k ny ls lEc) dj dqafBr dj nsus dk gjlaHko iz;kl fd;k x;k gSA ;g muds fparu ds fy;s ugha oju ns'k ij] lekt ij iM+us okys izHkko ds fy;s cgqr gn rd ca/kudkjh fl) gqvk gS rFkk mä fparu ls tks ykHk visf{kr Fkk og ugha fey ik;k gSA ia- nhun;ky mik/;k; dk fparu Hkh bl [ksesckth dk f'kdkj gksus ls ugha cp ldk gSA ̂ ehfM;k foe'kZ* us bl jhfruhfr dh mis{kk dks vLohdkj dj jktuhfr ds mn~HkV fo}ku] lkekftd fpard] nk'kZfud ,oa Hkkjrh;rk ds lapkjd ia- nhun;ky mik/;k; dks Lej.k djrs gq, Le`fr vad izLrqr fd;k gS tks vius vki esa vU;re gS] iz'kaluh; gS] lkFk gh fopkj.kh; Hkh gSA iafMr th ds fopkj dsoy laxzg.kh; ugha gSaA ̂ ehfM;k foe'kZ* us ,d /kekdsnkj 'kq#vkr dj nh gSA bls vkSj Hkh foLrkj dh vko';drk gSA bl ij jk"Vªh; cgl gks rks ns'k vkSj lekt dk dY;k.k gksuk vo';eHkkoh gSA iqjkru dky ls gh Hkkjro"kZ esa ijEijk jgh gS fd tc Hkh dksbZ euh"kh Kku ds fdlh Hkh {ks=k esa dksbZ xaHkhj] xos"k.kkRed fopkj izfrikfnr djrk Fkk] l{ke fo"k; fo'ks"kK] vkpk;Z leqnk; ml xzaFk] fopkjlkj] n'kZu dh tu lkekU; ds le> esa vkus yk;d Vhdk] O;k[;k vkfn fd;k djrs FksA mlh ijEijk dk fuokZg djrs gq;s ^ehfM;k foe'kZ* us bl vad esa ia- nhun;ky mik/;k; }kjk izfrikfnr ,dkRe ekuookn dks O;k[;kf;r djus] lkekU; ikBd dh le> ds yk;d lqxe cukus rFkk fo"k; dks vkSj vf/kd Li"V djus ds fy;s ns'k Hkj ds fo[;kr euhf"k;ksa] fo"k; fo'ks"kKksa] uhfrKksa] i=kdkjksa] jktuhfrKksa ,oa /kekZpk;ksaZ dks rks lqvolj miyO/k djk;k gh djk;k gS vfirq ikBd dks Hkh fo"k; dh xaHkhjrk dks le>us ds fy;s Hkjiwj lkexzh Hkh iznku dh gSA ̂ ehfM;k foe'kZ* ds dk;Zdkjh laiknd lat; f}osnh dk laikndh; fdlh egku fopkj ;k n'kZu dks ikBd dks Bhd&Bhd vkd"kZd <ax ls ijkslus dh rS;kjh ds lkFk gh gSA mUgksaus viuh lEiknu dyk ls fo"k; dks nq:g gksus ls cpk fy;k gSA ikBd ds ekul iVy ij n'kZu tSls xaHkhj fo"k; ds v/;;u dh xq#rk viuk LFkku ugha cuk ikrh oju fo"k; cks/k dk ,slk Lo:i izdV gksrk gS fd ikBd larq"V gks tkrk gS rFkk ,dkRe ekuookn ij ppkZ ds fy;s ;r~ fdfUpr gh lgh l{ke gks tkrk gSA eSa ̂ ehfM;k foe'kZ* ds bl vad dks ehy dk iRFkj ds ln`'k ikrk gw¡A esjk ekuuk gS fd Hkfo"; esa tc Hkh ,dkRe ekuookn ij ppkZ gksxh] xos"k.kkRed dk;Z lEiUu gksaxs ;k tehu ij LFkkiuk ds fy;s vkSj vf/kd iz;kl gksaxs ,d lanHkZ xzaFk] ekxZnf'kZdk ds :i esa ̂ ehfM;k foe'kZ* dk ;g vad mudks vR;f/kd lgk;d gksxkA

8 ehfM;k foe'kZ us lkQ fd, /kqa/kydsehfM;k foe'kZ dk ia- nhun;ky mik/;k; Le`fr fo'ks"kkad i<+kA dqN /kqa/k NaVus yxhA Hkkjrh; tula?k dk izkjaHk ns[kk gSA fo|kFkhZ thou esa ml nkSj ls Hkh xqtjk Fkk] tc vius vkidks fgUnw dgus esa dqN ladksp gksrk FkkA iafMr nhun;ky mik/;k; ds izfr ,d nqjkxzgiw.kZ ,di{kh; n`f"Vdks.k fodflr gqvk FkkA bl leLr /kqa/kyds dks ehfM;k foe'kZ us lkQ dj fn;k gSA ;g vad vYila[;dksa dks Hkh ,d LoLFk fparu iznku djsxkA

& f'ko'kadj feJk] cLrh ¼mÙkjizns'k½

lk{kkRdkj% 'kf'kdkar olkuh

vki igyh ih<+h ds vkfFkZd i=kdkj gSa] dSlk yxrk gS ;g eglwl

djrs gq,\

Hkkjr esa vkfFkZd i=kdkfjrk ds tud gjth HkkbZ fxykuh

gSaA o"kZ 1959 esa fxykuh HkkbZ dks eu esa ;g fopkj vk;k fd

vkfFkZd xfrfof/k;ksa dh tkudkjh yksxksa rd igqapkuh pkfg,]

ftlls yksxksa dks dkjksckjh QSlyksa ls ysdj vkfFkZd ekspsZ ij gks jgh

gypy dh tkudkjh fey ldsA yksx vkfFkZd eaFku ds fy, ,d

csgrj lzksr ik ldsaA Lora=krk ds ckn Ô;kikj* igyk vkfFkZd

v[kckj gSA bl v[kckj ds ckn gh ns'k esa vaxzsth] fganh ,oa vU;

Hkk"kkvksa esa vkfFkZd lekpkjksa ds v[kckj vk,A gkykafd] ml le;

vkfFkZd fodkl de Fkk vkSj lekpkjksa dk izokg ugha FkkA [kcjsa de

fey ikrh Fkha] lekpkj tqVkuk Hkh dkQh dfBu FkkA

gkykafd] ̂ O;kikj* 'kq#vkr esa tUeHkwfe lewg ds v[kckj

îzoklh* ds lIyhesaV ds :i esa fudykA tc bldh ekax c<+h rks bls

Lora=k v[kckj ds :i esa lkIrkfgd 'kq: fd;k x;k tks ckn esa

fd ;fn eSa fgEer gkj x;k rks ftl in ij vkidks gksuk pkfg,] lIrkg esa nks ckj cq/kokj ,oa 'kfuokj dks fudyus yxk ,oa vc rd

ogka ckgj ls dksbZ vkSj vk,xk ,oa ftanxh Hkj ;g ekSdk 'kk;n fQj blh :i esa izdkf'kr gks jgk gSA

uk fey ik,A fxykuh HkkbZ dh dgh ckrksa us eq>esa fgEer iSnk dh Ô;kikj* esa vkidh ikjh dSlh jgh\

,oa ubZ ftEesnkjh dks yacs le; rd c[kwch fuHkk;kAeSa ̂ O;kikj* ls 1964 esa tqM+k vkSj bl v[kckj esa rdjhcu

ns'k ds igys vkfFkZd v[kckj dh daVsaV {ks=k esa D;k [kkfl;r jgh\35 lky jgkA 'kq#vkr esjh mi&laiknd ds :i esa gqbZA o"kZ 1972 esa

T;knkrj xqtjkrh dkjksckjh leqnk; ds gSa vkSj mudh eSa lgk;d laiknd cuk vkSj 1976 esa fxykuh HkkbZ lsokfuo`Ùk gq,

t:jr dks ns[krs gq, Ô;kikj* esa eSaus fjiksfVaZx dks c<+kok fn;kA rks Ô;kikj* dk laiknd cuus dk xkSjo eq>s feykA gkykafd] ml

Ô;kikj* dks eSaus deksfMVh dsafnzr v[kckj j[kk D;ksafd vf/kdrj le; esjs eu esa ,d Mj Fkk fd ns'k ds igys vkfFkZd v[kckj dks

xqtjkrh deksfMVh esa VªsM djrs gSaA vukt] nygu] frygu] elkyk pykus ds fy, cM+h fgEer dh t:jr gksxhA ,sls esa fxykuh HkkbZ us

cktkj] diM+k cktkj] esVy cktkj] lksuk&pkanh] ghjk cktkj ls eq>s Hkjkslk fnyk;k fd vki bl ftEesnkjh dks c[kwch fuHkk ysaxs

ysdj i'kq vkgkj vkSj flykbZ ds dke vkus okyh oLrqvksa rd dh vkSj esjk ekxZn'kZu tc pkgks rc ys ldrs gksA mUgksaus ;gka rd dgk

vkt Hkh gS vPNs vkfFkZd i=kdkjksa dk bartkj

ns'k ds igys vkfFkZd lekpkj i=k Ô;kikj* ds iwoZ laiknd ls êhfM;k foe'kZ* us Hkkjr esa vkfFkZd v[kckj ds tUe vkSj mldh lQyrk ,oa cnys tekus dh

vkfFkZd i=kdkfjrk ij ckr dhA is'k gS ckrphr ds eq[; va'k%

'kf'kdkar olkuh

foe'kZehfM;k

09

tuojh&ekpZ 2015

fjiksVZ dsoy Ô;kikj* esa izdkf'kr gksrh FkhA ;kuh gjsd rjg ds [kkl vgfe;r FkhA blh rjg] o"kZ 2003 esa ,elh,Dl dh ykafpax

dkjksckj djus okys dkjksckjh ds fy, ̂ O;kikj* esa dqN uk dqN gksrk lHkk esa m|ksxifr eqds'k vackuh us dgk Fkk fd ;gka 'kf'kdkar

gh Fkk] ftldh otg ls ikBd bldk cslczh ls bartkj djrs FksA olkuh th Hkh vk, gq, gSa vkSj esjs firk /kh#HkkbZ vackuh muls

ekSle foHkkx dh lHkh tkudkjh vkt vklkuh ls ikbZ tk ldrh gS vkfFkZd elyksa vkSj [kcjksa ds fo'ys"k.k ij fopkj&foe'kZ djrs FksA

ysfdu ml le; Ô;kikj* gj lky ckfj'k vkSj cksvkbZ dh fjiksVZ vkfFkZd i=kdkfjrk esa fdl ckr dh lcls cM+h deh gS\

dkjksckfj;ksa vkSj fdlkuksa ls eaxokrk Fkk ,oa izdkf'kr djrk FkkA ekuo lalk/ku dh deh vkSj fctusl ds ckjs esa vPNh

nhokyh ij fo'ks"k vad vkrk Fkk tks gjsd dkjksckj dh lkykuk tkudkjh u j[kus okys i=kdkjksa dh ml le; Hkh deh Fkh vkSj vkt

Hkfo";ok.kh djrk FkkA bl vad esa ns'k dh vFkZO;oLFkk dk nhokyh Hkh deh gSA ns'k esa tc vaxzsth ds vkfFkZd v[kckj fudys rks

ls nhokyh rd jgus okyk gky dk C;kSjk gksrk FkkA Ô;kikj* ls dbZ vPNs i=kdkj buesa pys x, vkSj ;g Hkh [kq'kh dh

bl vad esa vius&vius {ks=k ds fo'ks"kK fy[krs FksA gjsd ckr gS fd vkt os cM+s inksa ij gSaA eq[; xqtjkrh nSfud ^xqtjkr

O;kikj] m|ksx ij mlh {ks=k ds fo'ks"kKksa ls Ô;kikj* ds fu;fer lekpkj* vkSj ̂ lans'k* us vrhr esa ̂ O;kikj* dh rjg vius v[kckj

vadksa esa fy[kok;k tkrk FkkA vk;dj] fcØhdj] lsokdj] vU; 'kq: fd, ysfdu os py ugha ik, vkSj rhu&pkj eghus fudydj can

djk/kku] O;kikfjd dkuwu] uhfr;ksa ij Hkh ̂ O;kikj* esa tkudkjh nh gks x,A ;s v[kckj vkfFkZd [kcjksa ds ikBdksa ds chp viuh iSB

tkrh FkhA ̂ O;kikj* us fo'ks"kK odhyksa dh ,d Vhe cuk j[kh Fkh vkSj igqap ugha cuk ik,A gkykafd] lHkh xqtjkrh lekpkji=kksa esa gj

ftuls ,sls gj fo"k; ij fy[kok;k tkrk FkkA ;gh otg gS fd jkst nks ls pkj ist vkfFkZd [kcjksa ls Hkjs gksrs gSaA xqtjkrh leqnk;

tedj fd, x, dke ls Ô;kikj* ,d vge czkaM cukA gkykafd] fuos'k vkSj dkjksckj ls okLrk j[krk gS] blfy, gh dsoy xqtjkrh

Ô;kikj* esa ml le; 'ks;j cktkj dh fjiksfVaZx dks de LFkku fn;k lekpkji=kksa esa vkfFkZd [kcjksa dks [kklh vgfe;r feyrh gSA

tkrk Fkk D;ksafd rc bfDoVh dYpj dk vkt ftruk foLrkj ugha ;|fi] vPNs vkfFkZd v[kckj dh xqtjkrh esa ges'kk t:jr jgsxh

gqvk FkkA ,oa csgrj v[kckj dks ikBdksa dk mEnk fjLikal feysxkA

Ô;kikj* esa vkids fy, xoZ ds {k.k\ rc vkSj vc ds vkfFkZd v[kckjksa esa vki D;k varj ikrs gSa\

vkfFkZd i=kdkfjrk esa ̂ O;kikj* dh /kkd blls vkadh tk igys vkSj vkt ds vkfFkZd lekpkjksa esa [kkl varj vk;k

ldrh gS fd ̂ O;kikj* esa mBs eqíksa ij dbZ ckj ns'k dh laln esa ppkZ gS fd igys 'kq) lekpkj gh v[kckjksa esa vkrs Fks ysfdu vc fdlh

gqbZ] loky mBk, x,A vke ctV ds dojst ds fy, ml le; u fdlh ls izsfjr ¼buLik;MZ½ lekpkjksa dh Hkjekj gSA dkjksckjh

Ô;kikj* dk ,d fjiksVZj fnYyh tkrk Fkk vkSj iwjs ctV ,oa mlds vkSj m|ksxifr;ksa ls izsfjr lekpkj T;knk vkrs gSa tks muds fgrksa dks

fo'ys"k.k dks doj fd;k tkrk FkkA ns'k dh vk;kr&fu;kZr uhfr gks lk/krs gSaA igys v[kckjksa esa dsoy laiknd dk gh n[ky gksrk Fkk rks

;k VsDlVkby ikWfylh lHkh rjg dh uhfr;ksa dk Hkh blh rjg ykbo ;g lh/kk /;ku j[kk tkrk Fkk fd fdlh ds fgr rks veqd lekpkj

dojst gksrk FkkA eq>s xoZ gksrk gS fd tc eueksgu flag foÙk ea=kh ls ugha l/k jgsAqFks vkSj eSa muls feyk rks mUgksaus dgk fd eSa O;kikj dks yacs vlsZ ls

Hkyh&Hkkafr tkurk gwaA fnYyh ds jktuhfrd xfy;kjs esa ̂ O;kikj* dh

ns'k esa tc vaxzsth ds vkfFkZd v[kckj fudys rks Ô;kikj* ls dbZ vPNs i=kdkj buesa pys x, vkSj ;g Hkh [kq'kh dh ckr gS fd vkt os cM+s inksa ij gSaA xqtjkrh nSfud ^xqtjkr lekpkj* vkSj ^lans'k* us vrhr esa Ô;kikj* dh rjg vius v[kckj 'kq: fd, ysfdu os py ugha ik, vkSj rhu&pkj eghus fudydj can gks x,A ;s v[kckj vkfFkZd [kcjksa ds ikBdksa ds chp viuh iSB ugha cuk ik,A

10


lk{kkRdkj% fiadh nyky

ubZ ih<+h dh lkjh f'k{kk&nh{kk vaxzsth esa gks jgh gSA ,sls esa xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk dk Hkfo"; dSlk gS vkus okys le; esaAxqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk dh ckr djsa rks nks /kkjk,a curh gSaA ,d xqtjkr vkSj nwljk eqacbZA xqtjkr dh ckr djsa rks ogka xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk dks vxys 20&25 lky rks dksbZ fnDdr fn[kkbZ ugha nsrh D;ksafd ogka cPpksa dh i<+kbZ&fy[kkbZ xqtjkrh esa Hkh gks jgh gSA ogka xqtjkrh ek/;e ds Ldwy Hkh [kwc py jgs gaSA yksx ckr xqtjkrh esa djrs gSaA ogka ftl rjg cM+s ?kjkus lekpkj i=k yk jgs gSa] og lkQ ladsr gSa fd xqtjkrh Hkk"kk ds lekpkj i=kksa ds fy, ogka O;kid laHkkouk,a cuh gqbZ gSaA ysfdu ;fn eSa eqacbZ dh ckr d:a rks ;gka eq>s dkQh vPNh fLFkfr ugha fn[k jghA eqacbZ esa cPpksa dh f'k{kk&nh{kk vaxzsth esa gks jgh gSA cksypky dh Hkk"kk dsoy xqtjkrh ugha gSA ;gka tks xqtjkrh ifjokj gSa] muds ?kjksa esa cksypky dh Hkk"kk Hkys xqtjkrh gks ysfdu ogka Hkh vaxzsth&fganh nwljs :i esa tqM+h gqbZ gSA vkt eqacbZ esa 25 lky vk;q rd dh tks ih<+h gS oks xqtjkrh i<+ gh ugha ldrhA tc eqacbZ esa xqtjkrh ek/;e ds Ldwy can gks jgs Fks] ml le; xqtjkrh v[kckjksa dks lpsr gksuk Fkk] os gq, gh ughaA ,d j.kuhfr viukuh Fkh xqtjkrh ek/;e ugha gVkus dh] ogka os pqi cSBs

ifjorZu vkidks ns[kus dks feyk\jgsA yxrk gS rc os ?kksM+s cspdj lks jgs Fks vkSj vkt Hkh xqtjkrh cM+s ifjorZu esa lcls vge gS& fMftfVykbts'kuA ftlds v[kckj bl laca/k esa mnklhu gaSA

ckjs esa igys dHkh lkspk ugha x;k ,oa xqtjkrh v[kckjksa us bl ckjs eq>s yxrk gS fd xqtjkr esa Hkk"kkbZ lekpkj i=kksa dks vkus esa lkspk] ;g cM+k ifjorZu dgk tk ldrk gSA daVsV ds fglkc ls okys fnuksa esa dksbZ fnDdr ugha gksxh ysfdu fuf'pr :i ls eqacbZ ds i=kdkfjrk gksrh jghA ysfdu xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk esa [kksth fy, ;g fLFkfr ladViw.kZ gksxhAi=kdkfjrk dk vHkko gSA tcfd T;knk tksj vkfFkZd i=kdkfjrk ij xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk esa fiNys nl lkyksa esa fdl rjg dk O;kid

[kksth i=kdkfjrk dk gS vHkko% fiadheqacbZ lekpkj dh iwoZ laiknd fiadh nyky ls dey 'kekZ dh ckrphr

xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk esa tc efgyk i=kdkjksa dh ckr vkrh gS rks ,d l'kDr gLrk{kj lkeus vkrk gS fiadh nykyA xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk esa daVsaV ds :i esa rwQku ykus okys laiknd gleq[k xka/kh ds lkFk dke dj pqdh Lo;a fiadh nyky 192 lky ls fujarj izdkf'kr v[kckj ̂ eqacbZ lekpkj* dh laiknd jg pqdh gSaA xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk ij mUgksaus ^ehfM;k foe'kZ* ds lkFk csckd ckr dhA is'k gS [kjh&[kjh ckr ds fy, izfl) fiadh nyky ls gqbZ ckrphr%

foe'kZehfM;k

11

tuojh&ekpZ 2015

gSA blds vykok lkekftd eqíksa ij xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk esa izHkko dgsaxh\c<+k gSA i=kdkfjrk vc fe'ku ugha jgh gS cfYd deksfMVh cu vkius gleq[k xka/kh tSls rsj rjkZj laiknd ds lkFk dke fd;k gS tks x;h gSA vfHk;ku ugha jgk] cfYd ,d mRikn gks x;k gSA xSj&jhfr] [kksth i=kdkfjrk ij tksj nsrs Fks ysfdu vc bl ij dke D;ksa ugha uhfr lc i=kdkfjrk dk fgLlk cu pqdh gSA ;fn ehfM;k ekfyd gks jgk\ [kqn lkspsa fd eq>s DokWfyVh tuZfyTe djuh gS rks dqN ckr cu

bldk tokc dkQh v#fpdj gS ysfdu eSa dguk pkgwaxh ldrh gSA vkt bl ij ppkZ gh ugha gS fd dkSu&lh i=kdkfjrk gksuh fd ehfM;k esa eSustesaV dk gLr{ksi T;knk gks x;k gSA i=kdkfjrk pkfg, vkSj dkSu&lh ughaA igys dh 'kq) i=kdkfjrk Ldwy ds tks deksfMVh gks xbZ gSA [kksth i=kdkfjrk esa dkQh esgur djuh gksrh i=kdkj gSa os vkt dh i=kdkfjrk esa jp&cl ugha ldrsAgSA ,d i=kdkj [kksth i=kdkfjrk esa viuh futh ftanxh dks nkao ij isM U;wt ls ysdj isM baVjO;w rd dk nw"k.k i=kdkfjrk esa vk;k gSA yxkrk gS] mls /kefd;ka feyrh gSaA ysfdu vc v[kckj ekfydksa tuekul ds Hkjksls dks rksM+us dk ;g dke dgka ys tk,xk dks lekpkj viuh ilan ls pkfg,] uk fd i=kdkfjrk ds fglkc lsA i=kdkfjrk dks\eSustesaV mldh dksbZ fpark ugha djrkA ,sls esa i=kdkj ds gkFk tSlk eSaus igys dgk fQj dgwaxh fd ehfM;k ekfydksa dks fujk'kk yxrh gS vkSj cnys esa dqN ugha feyrkA ;gh otg gS fd Lo fu;a=k.k vius ij djuk gksxkA isM U;wt vkSj isM baVjO;w ds xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk esa [kksth i=kdkfjrk dk Ldksi vf/kd ugha jgkA laca/k esa ;k rks ehfM;k Lo fu;a=k.k djsa vFkok ljdkj dks uhfr pVk[ksnkj [kcjsa] luluh[kst gSfMax] ehfM;k VªkW;y ds tfj, cukuh pkfg,A isM U;wt lPph gks rc rd Bhd gS] tks gks ugha lQyrk ikus dk tks ek;ktky ehfM;k esa jpk tk jgk gS] ml ij ldrkA vki nsf[k,] Vhoh pSuyksa vkSj v[kckjksa esa Qkyrw dh vkidk D;k dguk gS\ nokb;ka] vehj cuus ds ;a=k cspus tSls <sjksa foKkiu ;k [kcjksa ds

24 ?kaVs ds pSuy dks rks viuk Vkbe iwjk djuk gS] mls rks :i esa isM dk;ZØe pyrs gSa mudks jksdus ds fy, fQYeksa dh rjg [kcjsa pykuh gS mldk va/kkuqdj.k djrs gSa fizaV okysA ,d lsysfczVh dksbZ lsalj cksMZ ugha gSA ds ejus ;k fdlh fQYe LVkj ds ;gka 'kknh gksus ij Vhoh pSuy iwjs ;gh otg gS fd lekpkj ls ysdj ,sls&,sls foKkiu ,oa ,d fnu flQZ mlh U;wt dks pykrs jgrs gSaA os yksx ns[krs gSa fd izpkj lkexzh fn[kkbZ tkrh gS fd ftu ij okLro esa jksd gksuh lcls T;knk Vhvkjih dgka ls ikbZ tk ldrh gS vkSj os blfy, pkfg,A fizaV ehfM;k esa Hkh ,slh lkexzh u ijkslh tk,] blds fy, djrs gSa D;ksafd os 24X7 ds pSuy gSaA ljdkj dks dksbZ dne mBkus pkfg,A ljdkj dks bl fn'kk esa

ysfdu le> ugha vkrk fd fizaV ehfM;k cxSj lksps&le>s lkspuk pkfg, rkfd isM lekpkjksa dks lsalj fd;k tk ldsAbldk va/kkuqdj.k D;ksa dj jgk gS\ esjk ,slk ekuuk gS fd nksuksa i=kdkj vkSj ehfM;k ilZu esa D;k varj ikrh gSa vki\ehfM;e vyx gaSA ysfdu ;s ,d&nwljs esa brus ?kqy&fey x, gSa fd i=kdkj dks e'kkyph ekuk tkrk FkkA og dY;k.k dk fizaV ehfM;k dks le> ugha vk jgk fd dkSu&lh U;wt is'k djuh vfHk;ku ysdj pyrk FkkA QØ ls flj Åapk dj pyrk FkkA mlds pkfg, vkSj dkSu&lh ugha djuh pkfg,A D;k U;wt nsuh Fkh vkSj ikl Lo;a dh ,d 'kfä Fkh] blh otg ls yksx eku&lEeku nsrs FksA D;k ns jgs gSaA ysfdu vc e/;LFk ;kuh fcpkSfy;k cu x, gSa] ftlls i=kdkfjrk i=kdkfjrk igys fe'ku vkSj vc izksQs'ku--- vki bl ij D;k yfTtr gqbZ gSA q

eqacbZ esa cPpksa dh f'k{kk&nh{kk vaxzsth esa gks jgh gSA cksypky dh Hkk"kk dsoy xqtjkrh ugha gSA ;gka tks xqtjkrh ifjokj gSa muds ?kjksa esa cksypky dh Hkk"kk Hkys xqtjkrh gks ysfdu ogka Hkh vaxzsth&fganh nwljs :i esa tqM+h gqbZ gSA vkt eqacbZ esa tks 25 lky rd vk;q dh tks ih<+h gS

oks xqtjkrh i<+ gh ugha ldrhA

12


xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk esa fiNys dbZ lkyksa esa dkSu&ls eq[; ifjorZu vk/kqfud VsDukykWth viukus esa xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk ihNs ugha jghA ns[kus dks feys\ i=kdkjksa ds Lrj ij ckr djsa rks tgka igys dke ds izfr fu"Bk Fkh]

eSa i=kdkfjrk esa fiNys 60 lky ls gwaA xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk leiZ.k Hkko Fkk og vc fn[kkbZ ugha nsrk ,oa vkxs c<+us ds fy, esa dkQh ifjorZu vk,A lcls T;knk VsDukykWth Lrj ij ifjorZu 'kkWVZdV dk lgkjk fy;k tk jgk gSA i<+kbZ&fy[kkbZ ls Hkh T;knk gqvkA iqjkuh VsDukykWth rsth ls fonk gqbZ vkSj oSf'od Lrj dh okLrk ugha gS ftldh otg ls xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk esa mEnk i=kdkjksa

81 o"kZ dh vk;q esa Hkh ^xqtjkr fe=k* ds fy, os fu;fer dkWye fy[krs gSaA xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk esa laikndh;] vkys[k vkSj Qhpj ys[k ,d yk[k ls T;knk fy[kdj ,d vuks[kk fjdkWMZ Hkxorh th us dk;e fd;k gSA i=kdkfjrk ds fofHkUu igyqvksa ij Hkxorhdqekj 'kekZ

ls ^ehfM;k foe'kZ* us ckr dhA is'k gS ckrphr%

lk{kkRdkj% Hkxorh dqekj 'kekZ

i=kdkjksa us NksM+h yksd f'k{k.k dh Hkwfedk% 'kekZ

foe'kZehfM;k

13

tuojh&ekpZ 2015

dh deh eglwl dh tk jgh gSA xqtjkr dh ubZ ih<+h dh f'k{kk vaxzsth esa gks jgh gS] dSlk Hkfo"; xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk esa daVsaV ds Lrj ij D;k gky gS\ fn[krk gS vkidks bl i=kdkfjrk dk\

igys v[kckjksa esa lkexzh dk egRo FkkA ikBdksa dh ilan lHkh Hkk"kk ds ehfM;k ds fy, ;g fpark dk fo"k; gSA vdsys lwjr esa dk [;ky fd;k tkrk Fkk vkSj lkexzh mlh vuq:i ijkslh tkrh FkhA NksVs&cM+s 50 v[kckj fudyrs gSaA vPNs v[kckj rks bus&fxus gSaA ysfdu vc lkexzh ds Lrj esa fxjkoV vkbZ gSA euksjatu vkSj gYdh v[kckjksa dk izlkj c<+ jgk gS ysfdu yksxksa dk #>ku Vhoh vkSj U;w lkexzh dh Hkjekj jgrh gS tcfd turk dks f'kf{kr djus ,oa mUgsa ehfM;k dh vksj c<+ jgk gS] blls budkj ugha fd;k tk ldrkA l{ke cukus dh lkexzh dks vgfe;r nsuh pkfg,] tks vc ugha xqtjkrh fizaV ek/;e dh tgka rd ckr gS] xqtjkrh i<+us okys jgsaxs fn[krhA i=kdkfjrk dk ;g /keZ gS ftls vc fuHkk;k ugha tk jgkA ghA xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk dk Hkfo"; vPNk gS] ysfdu ubZ ih<+h us eSa i=kdkj dks yksd f'k{kd ekurk gwa tks vc csgn de fn[kkbZ nsrs xqtjkrh i<+uk can fd;k rks fnDdr t:j gksxhAgSaA xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk esa vkids ilanhnk laiknd dkSu gSa\laikndksa ds Lrj ij vki D;k dgsaxs\ xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk esa esjs ilanhnk laiknd gfjUnz nos

laiknd yksd f'k{kd ugha eSustj cu x, gSaA vc vkSj gleq[k xka/kh gSa] ftUgksaus xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk dks vius&vius laiknd] laiknd u gksdj O;kolkf;d nkSM+ esa izca/kd gSaA Lrj ij u;k jkLrk fn[kk;kAlaikndh; foHkkx esa vc izca/ku dh pyrh gS] laikndh; eaMy ds xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk esa vk jgh ubZ ih<+h ds fy, vkidk lans'kAlnL;ksa dh ugha pyrh] mudh ckr ugha lquh tkrhA ubZ ih<+h esa i=kdkfjrk ds izfr leiZ.k Hkko gksuk pkfg,A

izca/ku dk gLr{ksi c<+ x;k gS] tks vPNk ugha gSA mUgsa ;g le>uk gksxk fd muds da/kksa ij yksxksa dh lsok djus] mUgsa i=kdkjksa dk opZLo v[kckj esa jguk pkfg,] tks dgha ugha fn[krkA lgh jkLrk fn[kkus vkSj f'kf{kr djus dh ftEesnkjh gSA mudks bldh otg Hkh Lo;a laiknd gSa] tks viuh ckr izHkkoh <ax ls ugha tedj dke djuk gksxkA tks u, i=kdkj bls XySej dh nqfu;k j[k ikrs] vf/kd gkseodZ ls Hkh mudk okLrk ugha jgkA cl dsoy ekudj vk jgs gSa] og tu&tu ds fy, vPNk ugha gSA

qukSdjh Hkj dj jgs gSaA

ou eSu vkehZ% Hkxorhdqekj 'kekZHkxorhdqekj 'kekZ dk tUe lwjr esa 31 ebZ] 1934 dks gqvkA bUgksaus nloha ds ckn i<+kbZ NksM+ nh ysfdu ckn esa 1968 esa

xqtjkrh ,oa vaxzsth lkfgR; ls Lukrd fd;kA 1954 esa 'kekZ ̂ xqtjkr fe=k* uked nSfud esa izwQ jhMj ds :i esa tqM+s vkSj 1994 esa lgk;d laiknd ds in ls LoSfPNd vodk'k xzg.k fd;kA gkykafd] izca/ku us budk bLrhQk Lohdkj ugha fd;k vkSj mls QkM+ fn;kA 'kekZ vkt Hkh bl v[kckj ls tqM+s gq, gSa vkSj fu;fer dkWye fy[krs gSaA xqtjkrh lkfgR; ifj"kn ds 2009 ls 2011 rd v/;{k jgs 81 o"kZ ds 'kekZ dh vka[ksa vkSj dku detksj iM+ pqds gSa ysfdu i=kdkfjrk vkSj lkfgR; dk lkFk bUgksaus ugha NksM+kA vkt Hkh muds ?kj ̂ xqtjkr fe=k* ls gj jkst O;fä vkrk gS] os cksyrs gSa og mudk dkWye fy[krk gSA Hkxorhdqekj 'kekZ dks i=kdkfjrk ,oa lkfgR; esa vge ;ksxnku djus ds fy, iwoZ iz/kkuea=kh vVy fcgkjh oktis;h vkSj xqtjkr ds iwoZ eq[;ea=kh ds'kqHkkbZ iVsy us vokMZ iznku fd;kA 'kekZ dks vc rd vusd izfrf"Br vokMZ ls uoktk tk pqdk gSA bu vokMZ esa lwjr E;qfufliy dkiksZjs'ku vokMZ] okyh xqtjkrh xty vokMZ] dqekj panzd] j.kthrjke lqo.kZ panzd vkSj gfjUnz nos eseksfj;y vokMZ 'kkfey gSaA muds miU;kl vlqj;yksd ds fy, lkfgR; ,dsMeh vokMZ ls o"kZ 1988 esa lEekfur fd;k x;kA ohj ueZn lkmFk xqtjkr ;wfuoflZVh us Hkxorhdqekj 'kekZ dks 1999 esa lkfgR; esa MkDjsVªsV dh mikf/k ls uoktkA Hkxorhdqekj 'kekZ ds miU;klksa esa eu ugha ekus] 'kCnkrhr] }kj ugha [kqys] ân;'kj.k] fjDrk] vlqj;yksd vkSj m/koZewy eq[; gSaA y?kq dgkfu;ksa esa fpUukfHkUuk] vnkfcn lfgr 82 ls T;knk iqLrdsa fy[kh gSaA buesa vkWVksck;ksxzkQh lwjr eq> ?kk;y Hkwfe vkSj vejhdk dh ;knksa ij fy[kh iqLrd vejhdk vkots 'kkfey gSaA lwjr esa dksbZ Hkh ykbczsjh] baLVhV~;w'kal] eq'kk;jk] egfQy] dfo lEesyu vkSj fdlh Hkh rjg dh 'kSf{kd xfrfof/k;ka Hkxorhdqekj 'kekZ ds cxSj v/kwjh ekuh tkrh gSaA

14


lk{kkRdkj% euh"k esgrk

vkius xqtjkrh if=kdkvksa vkSj v[kckjksa nksuksa esa dke fd;k gS] D;k varj ikrs gSa\

esjk ekuuk gS fd xqtjkrh v[kckjksa dh dYiuk djuk eqf'dy gSA xqtjkrh ikBd ijaijkxr :i ls vkys[kksa dks i<+uk pkgrk gSA ge lIyhesaV }kjk vius ikBdksa dh bl Hkw[k dks larq"V djus dk iz;kl djrs gSaA lHkh xqtjkrh v[kckjksa us ¼tks vc rd fudys gSa½ blh ijaijk dks Lohdkj fd;kA xqtjkrh lewph nqfu;k esa clrs gSa vkSj os bl rjg dh lkexzh O;kid Lrj ij pkgrs gSa vkSj vius dks ges'kk gjsd fo"k; ij viMsV j[kuk pkgrs gSaA bl rjg dh jhfMax pkgrs gSa fd ns'k nqfu;k esa D;k py jgk gS] D;k gks jgk gS vkSj D;k Qk;nk gSA xqtjkrh ikBd VsDukykWth] gSYFk] oSYFk] izksQs'ku] ykbQ] ,tqds'ku] [kku&iku ;kuh gj pht ds ckjs esa i<+uk pkgrk gSA Ms Vw Ms esa tks dke vk jgk gS mlds ckjs esa i<+uk pkgrk gSA tks ge v[kckj esa ugha ns ikrs] og lkexzh lIyhesaV ds ek/;e ls ijkslh tkrh gSA

lkyksa esa fnDdr dk lkeuk dj jgh gSaAxqtjkrh if=kdkvksa dh fLFkfr D;k gS\ muds lkeus D;k o"kZ 2003 esa xqtjkr esa ̂ fnO; HkkLdj* us nLrd nhA bl v[kckj ds pqukSfr;ka gSa\vkus ds ckn xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk esa D;k cM+k ifjorZu ns[kus dks v[kckj esa gj jkst lIyhesaV Hkh vk tkrs gSaA vc tks feyk\if=kdk,a gSa os v[kckj vkSj muds lIyhesaV ds vkxs dh pht ijkslas

o"kZ 2003 dk lky xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk esa ySaMekdZ dk rks dqN ckr cusA muds fy, dqN djus dks cpk ugha gSA ;fn mUgsa lky gSA xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk nks ;k rhu v[kckjksa ds bnZ&fxnZ gh dqN djuk gS rks u;k djuk iM+sxkA v[kckj vkSj mlds lIyhesaV ds pyrh Fkh vkSj 2003 esa ;g iwjk ifjn`'; ifjofrZr gqvkA xqtjkrh vkxs dqN djuk iM+sxk vkSj T;knkrj if=kdk,a blls T;knk vkxs i=kdkfjrk esa ^fnO; HkkLdj* ds vkus ls vge ifjorZu ns[kus dks dqN dj ugha ikrhA xqtjkrh if=kdk,a blh otg ls fiNys 5&7

cxSj lIyhesaV

vfHkuo iz;ksxksa esa ges'kk vkxs jgs gSa ge% esgrkxqtjkrh v[kckjksa esa daVsV dk Lrj fiNys ikap lky esa rsth ls cnyk gSA ftu ehfM;k gkml us vius ikBdksa dh ilan dks ugha igpkuk] muds vfLrRo ij [krjk iSnk gksrk tk jgk gSA lkFk gh vc fMftVy ehfM;k ij xqtjkrh ikBdksa dk rsth ls f'k¶V gksuk ehfM;k gkml gh ugha cfYd ;gka dke dj jgs i=kdkjksa ds fy, Hkh ubZ pqukSrh ds :i esa mHkjk gSA xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk ds bUgha eqíksa ij ^ehfM;k foe'kZ* us ^fnO; HkkLdj* ds dk;Zdkjh laiknd

euh"k esgrk ls ckrphr dhA is'k gS muls gqbZ ckrphr%

foe'kZehfM;k

15

tuojh&ekpZ 2015

feysA xqtjkr dks bldh cgqr t:jr FkhA fnO;

HkkLdj ds vkus ls igys xqtjkrh v[kckjksa esa i=kdkjksa dh Hkwfedk vge ugha FkhA ekfydksa dh Hkwfedk cM+h Fkh ysfdu ̂ fnO; HkkLdj* us lkjh deku laikndh; foHkkx ds gkFk esa nh vkSj ekfyd gLr{ski ls nwj jgsA mudh Hkwfedk U;wure gSA xqtjkrh i=kdkjksa dks ;g cM+k ekSdk feyk tc fdlh izksQs'kuy xzqi us ;gka dne j[ksA lSysjh ds <kaps esa Hkh cnyko vk;kA jax :i] jaxhu ist] VsDukykWth] U;wt fizaV dh DokWfyVh ij cgqr ifjorZu gq,A ̂ fnO; HkkLdj* us nl lky esa u, iz;ksx fd,A jhMj tks pkgrk gS] og nsrk gS] muls laokn djrk gSA ckdh v[kckjksa esa jhMj dk buoksyesaV ugha gSA ogka ekfyd gh r; djrs gSa fd dSlk v[kckj cuuk pkfg,A jhMj dk buoksyesaV HkkLdj esa T;knk gSA ^fnO; HkkLdj* vius ikBdksa dh leL;k,a ,oa mudh mlds fy, tks ek/;e viuk;k tk, og ehfM;k gSA lks'ky ehfM;k ckrksa dks lkeus j[krk gSA csgn O;kid ek/;e gSA ,d lkekU; vkneh Hkh lks'ky ehfM;k ds xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk esa osc ehfM;k ,oa bysDVªkWfud dk Hkfo"; dSlk ek/;e ls viuh ckr] viuk fopkj lHkh ds lkeus j[k ldrk gS] gS\ ;gka yksxksa dk lh/kk buokyesaV gSA

fMftVy ehfM;k ij xqtjkrh ikBd cM+h la[;k esa f'k¶V ^fnO; HkkLdj* us yksxksa ls iwNk fd crkvks vki D;k gks jgs gSaA vU; Hkk"kkvksa dh rqyuk esa xqtjkrh ikBd osclkbV] pkgrs gSaA bls ysdj ge jk"Vªh; o varjjk"Vªh; eap ij tk jgs gSaA eSa LekVZ Qksu ij lcls T;knk vk jgs gSaA bldk fMl,MokaVst Hkfo"; ekurk gwa fd lks'ky ehfM;k Hkh ehfM;k dk gh fgLlk gSA blls esa fn[k ldrk gSA ysfdu U;w ehfM;k ij vPNh lkexzh gks rks jhMj Qk;nk gh gksxkA bysDVªkWfud] fizaV ek/;e ds lkeus lks'ky ehfM;k bls vPNk fjLikal nsxkA ;g vdsys xqtjkrh ehfM;k dh ckr ugha cgqr rsth ls vkxs c<+ jgk gSAgSA ;g lHkh Hkk"kkvksa ds lkFk gSA U;w ehfM;k esa lc dqN jhMj ds xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk us ns'k dh vktknh ds fe'ku esa vge Hkwfedk gkFk gSA blesa jhMj viuh t:jr ds lekpkj&Qhpj rRdky i<+ fuHkkbZ ysfdu vc fdl fe'ku ij dke gks jgk gS\ysrk gS rks vxys fnu mls v[kckj dh de t:jr ugha gksrhA xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk us ns'k dh vktknh esa vge Hkwfedk

vxys fnu feyus okys lekpkj rks og igys gh tku pqdk fuHkkbZ vkSj vktknh mldk fe'ku FkkA vktknh ds ckn ml rjg gksrk gS] ;g v[kckj ds fy, Hkh pSysat gSA v[kckj dks ;g lkspuk dk cM+k fe'ku ugha jgk ysfdu xqtjkr jkT; ds fodkl esa mlus gksxk fd og ikBd dks vxys fnu D;k ns\ fMftVy ehfM;k [kklh Hkwfedk fuHkkbZ gSA ns'k ds lkeus Hkh xqtjkr dks izLrqr fd;kA xqtjkrh ehfM;k esa rsth ls vk;k gSA yksxksa dh ckr ljdkj lqus] yksxksa ds fy, ljdkj gSA

^fnO; HkkLdj* us blds egRo dks le>rs gq, bls gekjs lafo/kku esa ftl dY;k.kdkjh jkT; ;kuh osYQs;j viuk;k] rsth ls vkxs c<+k gSA fnO; HkkLdj bldk foLrkj dj jgk LVsV dh tks dYiuk dh xbZ gS mlesa ehfM;k dh Hkwfedk gSA xqtjkrh gSA ge ;g Hkh fjlpZ dj jgs gSa fd jhMj dks lkFk ysdj fd mlds i=kdkfjrk ds vykok vU; Hkk"kkbZ i=kdkfjrk dks Hkh ns[ksa rks fy, D;k djuk pkfg,\ vktknh tSlk vc dksbZ LisflfQd fe'ku ugha jgk gSA

qlks'ky ehfM;k dk cksyckyk c<+ jgk gS] D;k vki lks'ky ehfM;k dks ehfM;k dk gh ,d fgLlk ekurs gSa\

ehfM;k vly esa D;k gS& vki tks O;Dr djuk pkgrs gSa

16


lk{kkRdkj% fdjhV x.kk=k

xqtjkr esa lka/;dkyhu i=kdkfjrk esa fiNys ikap lky esa D;k bls viuk;kAifjorZu vk, gSa\ U;w ehfM;k vkSj bysDVªkWfud ehfM;k ds c<+rs dne dk lka/;dkyhu

laiw.kZ i=kdkfjrk esa gh O;kid ifjorZu vk, gSaA ikBd v[kckjksa ij fdl rjg dk vlj iM+k gS\vc gj NksVh&NksVh ?kVukvksa dh rg rd tkuk pkgrkA fdl otg dksbZ vlj ugha iM+k gSA ̂ vfdyk* dh gh ckr d:a rks nks ls ?kVuk ?kVh vkSj rktk gky D;k gS\ blh otg ls vc fjiksVZj Hkh gtkj] rhu gtkj] ikap gtkj vkSj vkt 85 gtkj dkWih dk gj ?kVuk ds ihNs rg rd tkus dh dksf'k'k djrs gSaA lD;qZys'ku gSA tks LFkkuh; [kcjsa ge ns ldrs gSa og vkSj dksbZ ugha ns

lkFk gh v[kckjksa esa csgrj ys&vkmV] isij DokWfyVh vkSj ldrkA bysDVªkWfud ehfM;k ;k U;w ehfM;k esa vki gjsd LFkkuh; ikBdksa dh ilan&ukilan dks rjthg nh tkrh gSA fizafVax VsDukykWth [kcj dks ugha ns[k ldrsA laHko gS vkidks Vhoh ij viuh [kcj ds Lrj ij Hkh cM+s ifjorZu gq, gSa vkSj xqtjkr ds v[kckjksa us Hkh ns[kus ds fy, yacs le; rd bartkj Hkh djuk iM+s ;k ,d&nks ykbu

lokjs pk--- lkats vfdykjktdksV ¼xqtjkr½ ls izdkf'kr lka/;dkyhu ^vfdyk* ds izca/k laiknd dks turk dk laiknd ekuk tkrk gSA ^vfdyk* ds n¶rj esa gj jkst lqcg 11 cts ls 3 rd dksbZ Hkh O;fä cxSj fdlh HksnHkko] jksdVksd ds muls cxSj ,ikbaVesaV ds fey ldrk gSA 'kkafr vkSj /kS;Z ds lkFk vkxarqd

dks lquuk vkSj mlds lkFk gksus dk vglkl fnykus dk gh deky gS fd ^vfdyk* esa izlkj ,oa foKkiu foHkkx gS gh ughaA ;s foHkkx vke turk us vius vki laHkky j[ks gSaA ^ehfM;k foe'kZ* us fdjhV

x.kk=kk ls lka/;dkyhu i=kdkfjrk ij ckr dhA is'k gS bl tu laiknd ls gqbZ ckrphr%

fdjhV x.kk=kk

foe'kZehfM;k

17

tuojh&ekpZ 2015

dh gh [kcj feysA tcfd] ge vius ikBdksa dks LFkkuh; [kcj iwjs foLrkj ls nsrs gSaA tSlk eSaus vkidks crk;k ^vfdyk* dh dkWfi;ksa dk fizaV c<+rk gh tk jgk gS] tc ls geus ;g v[kckj 'kq: fd;kA ^vfdyk* ,slk igyk v[kckj jgk tks gj jkst vius ikBdksa dks eksckby ij 78 gtkj ,l,e,l ds ek/;e ls fnu esa ikap ckj [kcj nsrk FkkA

gkykafd] ckn esa ljdkj us ,l,e,l dh ykxr c<+k nh ftldh otg ls gesa ;g lsok can djuh iM+h ysfdu geus OgkV~lvi] fV~oVj vkSj Qslcqd dks viuk;k] tgka ;qok oxZ tc pkgs viuh ilan dh [kcjsa ik ldrk gSA ̂vfdyk* dh osclkbV Hkh gS ftl ij gj jkst rdjhcu nks yk[k fgV vkrh gSaA bl rjg geus

Hkh izkr%dkyhu tSlk gh gSA jktdksV esa Hkh ̂ vfdyk* dh rjg dbZ ;ax tujs'ku dk iwjk [;ky j[kk gSA ubZ VsDukykWth dks viukdj v[kckj vk,A ;g eSa t:j dgwaxk fd ;gka v[kckjksa dh la[;k c<+h ge turk ds chp iwjh rjg cus gq, gSaAgS ijUrq mudh daVsV DokWfyVh esa fxjkoV vkbZ gSA eSa fdlh v[kckj ubZ ih<+h dh i<+kbZ&fy[kkbZ vaxzsth ek/;e esa gks jgh gS] ,sls esa dk uke ugha ysuk pkgrk ysfdu mudh i=kdkfjrk izHkkoh ugha gSA xqtjkrh Hkk"kk dh i=kdkfjrk dk Hkfo"; D;k gS\^vfdyk* 'kq: gqvk mlds nl lky ckn rd ;gka dksbZ nwljk vki ;g ckr mu yksxksa dh dj jgs gSa tks xqtjkr NksM+dj lka/;dkyhu v[kckj ugha FkkA vly esa lkSjk"Vª esa ^vfdyk* us vU; txg x, gSaA tcfd xqtjkr esa xqtjkrh ek/;e ds Ldwy [kwc lka/;dkyhu v[kckjksa ds lalkj dks tek;kA gekjk Lyksxu gh Fkk--py jgs gaSA xqtjkr esa xqtjkrh Hkk"kk dks [kwc i<+k&fy[kk tk jgk gSA lqcg pk;--'kke dks vfdyk ¼lokjs pk--lkats vfdyk½A lkSjk"Vª esa Lokehukjk;.k eafnj okys xqtjkrh i<+kus&fy[kkus] xqtjkrh esa yksx nksigj 1 ls 4 cts rd vkjke djrs gSa vkSj 4 cts tc tkxrs gSa ea=kksPpkj tSls dbZ csgrj dke dj jgs gSaA ,slh laLFkk,a xqtjkr esa rc rd ̂vfdyk* vk pqdk gksrk gSA bl rjg ikBdksa dks ̂ vfdyk* Hkk"kk dks ysdj lpsr vkSj lfØ; gSaA eq>s ugha yxrk fd vkus okys dks [kwc I;kj feyk tks vkt Hkh tkjh gSAle; esa xqtjkrh ihf<+;ka xqtjkrh i<+uk&fy[kuk can dj nsaxhA^vfdyk* dh yksdfiz;rk jktdksV esa [kwc gS] ckotwn blds vkius lkSjk"Vª ,oa 'ks"k xqtjkr dh lka/;dkyhu i=kdkfjrk esa D;k varj blds vU; laLdj.k 'kq: D;ksa ugh fd,\gS\

^vfdyk* lEiw.kZ lkSjk"Vª esa tkrk gSA jktdksV ls ;g lka/;dkyhu v[kckj lkSjk"Vª dks NksM+dj 'ks"k xqtjkr esa v[kckj nks ?kaVs esa tkeuxj] lkseukFk&osjkoy] Hkkouxj] twukx<+] dgha lQy ugha gaSA vgenkckn] lwjr ls dbZ iz;kl gq, ysfdu eksjch] okadkusj] vejsyh] xksaMy] Hkqqt ;kuh lc txg igqap tkrk gS lka/;dkyhu v[kckjksa dks tks lQyrk lkSjk"Vª esa feyh og dgha rks nwljh txg ls laLdj.k 'kq: djus dh t:jr gh ugha yxhAugha fn[khA eqacbZ ls ^feM&Ms* xqtjkrh fudyrk gS ysfdu og

qlka/;dkyhu gksus ds ckotwn lqcg gh vk tkrk gSA ,sls esa ̂ feM&Ms*

dSls iM+k uke ^vfdyk*fdjhV x.kk=kk ds firkth xq.koar jk; ¼ckcwHkkbZ½ jktdksV ls ̂ t; lkSjk"Vª* uked lkIrkfgd izdkf'kr djrs FksA bl v[kckj us

vaxzstksa vkSj lkSjk"Vª ds jktk&jtokM+ksa ds fo#) tu vkanksyu esa Hkjiwj lg;ksx fn;kA gkykafd] ckn esa ;g lkIrkfgd can gks x;kA ysfdu fdjhV x.kk=kk ds firkth us vius csVksa dks turk dk v[kckj fudkyus dh ulhgr nhA ftldk vkt Hkh ikyu fd;k tk jgk gSA lkSjk"Vª [kkldj jktdksV esa gj vke O;fä dks ̂ vfdyk* dk laoknnkrk ekuk tkrk gSA dgha Hkh dksbZ Hkh dHkh Hkh ?kVuk ?kV tk, rks mldh igyh lwpuk iz'kklu ls iwoZ fdjhV HkkbZ ds ikl igqaprh gSA gj jkst lqcg 11 cts ls 3 cts rd muls dksbZ Hkh fey ldrk gSA ̂ vfdyk* uke xq.koar jk; ¼ckcwHkkbZ½ ds rhu csVksa ds uke ds igys v{kj ls tUekA v ;kuh vthr] fd ;kuh fdjhV vkSj yk ;kuh ykythA ;g cuk uke ^vfdyk*A ̂vfdyk* dk izdk'ku 1978 esa 'kq: gqvkA

18


lk{kkRdkj% dkSf'kd esgrk

tjkrh i=kdkfjrk esa lkSjk"Vª dh i=kdkfjrk dks 'ks"k xqtjkr vgenkckn ds v[kckjksa ds vkus ls lIyhesaV dh la[;k c<+ xbZ vkSj dh i=kdkfjrk ls vyx dSls ns[kk tkrk gS\ vc gj jkst lIyhesaV vkrk gSA cM+k ifjorZu ^fnO; HkkLdj* ds lkSjk"Vª vkSj 'ks"k xqtjkr dh i=kdkfjrk esa ewyHkwr varj ;g vkus ls gqvkA ̂ fnO; HkkLdj* ds vkus ls izkbl okj gqvk tcfd ist

gS fd lkSjk"Vª esa xzkeh.k i=kdkfjrk ij T;knk tksj fn;k x;k gSA okj rks blls igys ̂ xqtjkr lekpkj* ,oa ̂ lans'k* dh otg ls 'kq: xqtjkr esa xzkeh.k i=kdkfjrk lkSjk"Vª dh nsu gSA blls igys ;gka gks pqdk FkkA ̂ fnO; HkkLdj* us ;gka ,d #i;s esa v[kckj cspuk 'kq: xzkeh.k i=kdkfjrk ugha gksrh FkhA lkSjk"Vª ds eq[; 'kgj jktdksV ls fd;k izkbejh vkWQj ds rkSj ijA blls ;g gqvk fd tks yksx ^QwyNkc*] ̂ t;fgan* izdkf'kr gksrk gS] igys ̂ tulÙkk* Hkh FkkA bu v[kckj ugha [kjhnrs Fks] os Hkh v[kckj [kjhnus yxsA gkykafd] ckn v[kckjksa esa ;g ckr leku :i ls lkeus vkbZ fd xkaoksa ds lekpkj esa ^fnO; HkkLdj* us izkbl c<+k fn;k vkSj mlds lD;qZys'ku ij dSls vk,aA bl usVodZ dks cukus esa lHkh v[kckjksa us iz;kl fd, vlj iM+k] og vyx ckr gSA ysfdu vPNk ;g gqvk fd tks yksx vkSj ̂QwyNkc* dh Hkwfedk vge jghA ̂QwyNkc* us lkSjk"Vª ds xkaoksa drbZ v[kckj ugha [kjhnrs Fks] os Hkh [kjhnus yxsA ckgj ds v[kckjksa esa 300&400 izfrfuf/k;ksa dk usVodZ [kM+k fd;k vkSj xkaoksa ls ds lkSjk"Vª vkus dk ykHk gh gqvkA ckr lkSjk"Vª ds v[kckjksa ds lekpkj vkuk 'kq: gq,A esjs [;ky ls lkSjk"Vª dh i=kdkfjrk dh ;g vfLrRo dh djsa rks pqukSfr;ka lkeus [kM+h gaSA os cM+s v[kckj gSa rks [kkfl;r gS vkSj blesa ;g vOoy gSA lkSjk"Vª esa 'kq) xzkeh.k mldk vlj iM+sxk ghA vFkZO;oLFkk ij Hkh vlj gksxk vkSj ;gka ds i=kdkfjrk ij tksj fn;k x;kA lkSjk"Vª ,oa dPN esa xzkeh.k v[kckjksa dks vfLrRo dh yM+kbZ Hkh yM+uh gksxhA ysfdu vkidks i=kdkfjrk ij ftruk tksj fn;k x;k mruk 'ks"k xqtjkr dh tkudj rkTtqc gksxk fd jktdksV esa vHkh Hkh lqcg Ng vkSj 'kke i=kdkfjrk esa ugha fn;k x;kA ;gka ds v[kckjksa esa lkSjk"Vª ,oa dPN dks pkj v[kckj fudy jgs gSaA bruk gh ugha gjsd ftyk Lrj ij ds xkaoksa esa ?kVus okyh ?kVuk,a T;knk LFkku ikrh gSaA viuk&viuk v[kckj gS] rks ,slk ugha fd lkSjk"Vª dh ewy vgenkckn ds v[kckjksa ^xqtjkr lekpkj*] ^lans'k* vkSj ^fnO; i=kdkfjrk [kRe gks xbZ] gka izHkkfor t:j gqbZ gS] ;g r; gSAHkkLdj* ds lkSjk"Vª esa iSj ilkjus ls lkSjk"Vª dh i=kdkfjrk fdl xqtjkrh cPpksa dh f'k{kk&nh{kk vc vaxzsth esa gks jgh gSA ,sls esa rjg izHkkfor gqbZ gS\ lkSjk"Vª ds ewy nSfud v[kckj D;k buds iSj xqtjkrh fizaV ehfM;k dk Hkfo"; dSlk utj vkrk gS\ilkjus ls vius vfLrRo dh yM+kbZ ugha yM+ jgs\ xqtjkrh cPpksa dh i<+kbZ&fy[kkbZ vaxzsth esa gks jgh gS

vgenkckn ds bu v[kckjksa ds vkus ls igys lkSjk"Vª esa ysfdu vHkh rks bldk xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk ij dksbZ foijhr vlj rhu&pkj gh izkr%dkyhu v[kckj FksA ckn esa ;gka u, v[kckj fn[kkbZ ugha ns jgk gSA v[kckjksa dh izlkj la[;k c<+h gh gS] vPNh vk,A vgenkckn ls lcls igys ^xqtjkr lekpkj* vkSj ^lans'k* [kklh c<+h gSA gkykafd] ;g FkksM+h fpark gks ldrh gS fd tks cPps vk,A esjk ,slk ekuuk gS fd bu v[kckjksa ds vkus ls lkSjk"Vª esa vaxzsth esa i<+rs gSa] os xqtjkrh ugha i<+rs ysfdu esjs [;ky ls mldk ikBdksa dh la[;k c<+h vkSj v[kckjksa dh izlkj la[;k esa btkQk Hkh gy gSA lHkh v[kckj eksckby ,Iyhds'ku vkSj baVjusV ,Mh'ku ys gqvkA nwljk ;g gqvk fd igys lkSjk"Vª ds v[kckj T;knk lIyhesaV vk, gSaA bl rjg u, tekus dh pqukSrh ds fy, v[kckjksa us vius ugha nsrs Fks] lIrkg esa ,d ckj gh lIyhesaV fn;k tkrk FkkA dks rS;kj dj fy;k gSA cPpksa dh vaxzsth esa f'k{kk&nh{kk dk vHkh rks

xq

lkSjk"Vª ds v[kckjksa esa fn[krk gS xkao% esgrkxqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk esa xzkeh.k i=kdkfjrk lkSjk"Vª dh nsu gSA lkSjk"Vª esa fdlh Hkh v[kckj dks lQy gksuk gS rks mls xkaoksa dh [kcjsa nsuk t:jh gSA xkaoksa esa [kcjksa dk l'kDr usVodZ uk gks rks lkSjk"Vª esa fdlh Hkh v[kckj dh lQyrk lafnX/k gSA cnys tekus esa lkSjk"Vª ds v[kckjksa us Hkh eksckby ,i viuk fy, gSa ftlls vc xkao Hkh u, tekus ds ehfM;k ek/;e ls tqM+ x, gSaA lkSjk"Vª dh i=kdkfjrk ij tUeHkwfe lewg ds lekpkj i=k

^QwyNkc* ds laiknd dkSf'kd esgrk ls ^ehfM;k foe'kZ* us ckr dhA is'k gS muls gqbZ ckrphr%

foe'kZehfM;k

19

tuojh&ekpZ 2015

xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk ij vlj ugha gS ysfdu ikap&nl o"kZ ckn dqN D;k varj ikrs gSa vki\vlj 'kk;n fn[kkbZ ns ldrk gSA ehfM;k 'kCn dk foLrkj T;knk gSA ehfM;k esa ,aVjVsuesaV xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk us vktknh ds fe'ku esa vge Hkwfedk fuHkkbZA Hkh 'kkfey gks tkrk gS vkSj blesa fizaV] bysDVªkWfud] osclkbV lHkh vc fdu mís';ksa dks ysdj dk;Z fd;k tk jgk gS ;k bls dkjksckj ds ek/;e ds yksx vk tkrs gSa rks bl n`f"V ls ehfM;k ilZu dgk tkrk tekus esa ,d izkWMDV eku fy;k x;k gS\ gSA i=kdkj@fjiksVZj tks gS mldk lh/kk laca/k esjs [;ky ls fizaV

lkSjk"Vª ds v[kckjksa [kkldj ̂ QwyNkc* us jktk&jtokM+ksa ehfM;k ls T;knk okLrk j[krk gSAds f[kykQ vkokt mBkbZA vktknh dh tax esa Hkwfedk fuHkkbZA lkSjk"Vª dk ikBd oxZ fdl rjg ds lekpkj i<+us esa T;knk #fp vktknh ds ckn cnyko vk;k vkSj lkslk;Vh ds loky ,oa ljdkj j[krk gS vkSj fiNys ikap lky esa D;k ifjorZu ns[kus dks feys gaSAds lkeus tks turk ds iz'u gSa] os fe'ku cusA esjk ,slk ekuuk gS fd lkSjk"Vª dk ikBd lkslk;Vh U;wt] lkslk;Vh xsnfjax ds bl le; i=kdkfjrk FkksM+h cgqr HkVd xbZ gSA vaxzsth i=kdkfjrk esa lekpkjksa dks dkQh egRo nsrk gSA blds vykok vijk/k txr dh ist Fkzh okyk tks dYpj c<+&p<+dj pyrk gS og xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk [kcjksa dks ;gka T;knk egRo fn;k tkrk gSA ysfdu ;gka ds v[kckjksa esa Hkh dqN gn rd 'kqq: gqvk gS ftlls lekt dk lh/ks&lh/ks dksbZ esa tks lcls vPNh ckr eq>s yxrh gS og gS ekuoh; igyw ls dh xbZ okLrk ugha gSA v[kckjksa esa ist Fkzh Vkbi dh [kcjksa ,oa QksVks dh LVksjhtA yxHkx lHkh v[kckj bls vf/kd vgfe;r nsrs gSaA ;g la[;k c<+rh tk jgh gSA dkQh cM+h ckr gSA lkFk gh jk"Vªh;&varjjk"Vªh; [kcjksa dh ikBdksa igys 'kCn Fkk i=kdkj vkSj vc gS ehfM;k ilZu---bu nksuksa ds chp esa ekax c<+h gSA q

xqtjkrh cPpksa dh i<+kbZ&fy[kkbZ vaxzsth esa gks jgh gS ysfdu vHkh rks bldk xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk ij dksbZ foijhr vlj fn[kkbZ ugha ns jgk gSA v[kckjksa dh izlkj la[;k c<+h gh gS] vPNh [kklh c<+h gSA

gkykafd] ;g FkksM+h fpark gks ldrh gS fd tks cPps vaxzsth esa i<+rs gSa] os xqtjkrh ugha i<+rs ysfdu esjs [;ky ls mldk gy gSA lHkh v[kckj eksckby ,Iyhds'ku vkSj baVjusV ,Mh'ku ys vk, gSaA

/kuat; pksiM+k dks ijkMdj lEekubykgkckn fo'ofo|ky; ds lsaVj vkWQ ehfM;k LVMht ds ikB~;Øe leUo;d /kuat; pksiM+k dks mÙkjizns'k fgUnh

laLFkku] y[kuÅ }kjk ckcwjko fo".kq ijkMdj lEeku ls lEekfur fd;k x;kA ;g iqjLdkj mUgsa mudh iqLrd ̂ oSKkfudksa ls lk{kkRdkj* ij fn;k x;k gSA 25 o"kZ rd lfØ; i=kdkfjrk djus ds ckn bykgkckn fo'ofo|ky; esa ehfM;k dk v/;kiu

dj jgs /kuat; pksiM+k us ds-ds- fcjyk QSyksf'ki ds vUrxZr ̂ lkfgR; ds iqjLdkjksa dk bfrgkl] Lo:i vkSj ewY;kadu* rFkk Hkkjr ljdkj ds laLÑfr ea=kky; dh lhfu;j QSyksf'ki ds vUrxZr ̂ tulapkj dh okfpd ijEijk dk vizfre lk/ku fcjgk yksdxhr* fo"k;ksa ij 'kks/k dk;Z fd;k gSA ̂ laxe dh jsrh ij pkyhl fnu*] ̂ flQZ lekpkj*] ̂ i=kdkfjrk% rc ls vc rd*] ̂ i=kdkfjrk ds ;qx fuekZrk enu eksgu ekyoh;*] ^usYlu eaMsyk% u;s ;qx ds iz.ksrk*] ̂ oSKkfudksa ls lk{kkRdkj*] ̂ Nikd dk lq[k% fx¶V vkWQj esa* ¼O;aX; laxzg½] ̂ ukfHkdh; ÅtkZ vkSj lekpkj ehfM;k* rFkk ̂ iaMokuh xkf;dk rhtu ckbZ ¼eksuksxzkQ½* mudh izdkf'kr iqLrdsa gSaA lkfgfR;d if=kdk ̂ lsok*] bykgkckn fo'ofo|ky; dh if=kdk ̂ cjxn* o 'kks/k if=kdk ̂ tuZy vkWQ ehfM;k LVMht* dk lEiknu dj jgs gSa rFkk mÙkjizns'k yfyr dyk vdkneh dh if=kdk ̂ dyk =kSekfld* o mÙkjizns'k ljdkj ds v;ks/;k 'kks/k laLFkku dh 'kks/k if=kdk ̂ lk{kh* ds fo'ks"k vadksa dk laiknu fd;k gSA Hkkjr ljdkj ds lwpuk izlkj.k ea=kky; }kjk mUgsa HkkjrsUnq gfj'pUnz iqjLdkj] i=kdkfjrk ds fy, y{ehdkar oekZ iqjLdkj] lkfgfR;d i=kdkfjrk ds fy, vizes; lEeku] bykgkckn ukV~; la?k }kjk ukV~;Jh rFkk foKku ifj"kn] bykgkckn }kjk 'krkCnh lEeku izkIr gks pqdk gSA

20


lk{kkRdkj% dkuk ckVok

xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk esa fiNys nl lkyksa esa fdl rjg ds O;kid ifjorZu ns[kus dks feys vkSj vkus okys o"kksaZ esa vkSj D;k ifjorZu ns[kus dks fey ldrs gSa\

xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk esa fiNys nl lky esa O;kid ifjorZu vk;k gSA dbZ lkyksa ls ,d gh <jsZ ij py jgh i=kdkfjrk u, fljs ls lkspus ds fy;s etcwj gks xbZA xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk iwjh rjg cny xbZ gSA o"kZ 2003 esa ̂ fnO; HkkLdj* ds ykap gksus ds lkFk ifjorZu dh vka/kh vkbZ vkSj lHkh U;wt isij us daVsaV] ys vkmV] lD;Zqys'ku vkSj ekdsZfVax vkfn esa ifjorZu fd;kA ysfdu Hkk"kk ds ekeys esa /;ku nsuk can gks x;k gSA i=kdkj Hkk"kk tkurs ugha gS vkSj laikndksa esa O;kdj.k ds Kku okys cgqr de cps gSaA ftl xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk us xqtjkrh Hkk"kk dks le`) cuk;k Fkk] ogh xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk Hkk"kk dks [kRe dj jgh gSA vkxkeh o"kksaZ esa cgqr dqN gksuk gSA daVsaV esa lq/kkj rks gksuk gh gS] lkFk esa lkekftd ljksdkj Hkh c<+sxkA Hkk"kk dks cpkus dk iz;kl i=kdkfjrk ugha djsxh rks Hkk"kk ds fMLVksjVs'ku ds fy, Hkh xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk gh ftEesokj gksxhApV[kkjsnkj [kcjsa] luluh[kst 'kh"kZd] lcls igys dh gksM+] futh ftUnxh esa n[ky] ehfM;k Vªk;y] Nfo pedkus ;k /kwfey djus dh tcjnLr ekjkekjh ds tfj, lQyrk ikus dk tks ek;ktky Hkkjrh; ehfM;k esa jpk tk jgk gS] ml ij vkidk D;k dguk gS\

;s lc phtsa bysDVªkWfud ehfM;k dh nsu gSA 24X7 ?kaVs dk f[kykSuk cu x;k gSA blls ehfM;k dh Nfo /kwfey gksxhApyrh [kcj dh rkdr tcjnLr gS vkSj blfy, mldk nq#i;ksx xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk ds vge LraHk gleq[k xka/kh ds lkFk vkius Hkh tcjnLr gks jgk gSA luluh dh vkM+ esa lPph vkSj vPNh [kcj dke fd;k gSA xka/kh us tks Økafrdkjh dk;Z fd;k oSlk dk;Z vc nc tkrh gSA lcls igys dh gksM+ vkSj 24 ?kaVs [kcj dh Hkw[k dks fdl Lrj ij gks jgk gS\ [kkldj Hkk"kk ,oa ,fMfVax ds ekeys esa\feVkus ds fy, futh ftanxh esa n[kyankth] ehfM;k Vªk;y vkfn dk gleq[k xka/kh u Hkwrks u Hkfo";fr gaSA xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk lgkjk fy;k tkrk gSA ;s nw"k.k c<+sxk D;ksafd yksx bldk nq#i;ksx ds os ;qxiq#"k vkSj ;qxizorZd FksA mUgksaus Hkk"kk ds tksjnkj] lgh lh[k x, gSaA bysDVªkWfud ehfM;k /khjs&/khjs rkdroj rcds ds gkFk bLrseky vkSj O;kdj.k ds –<+ vkxzg ls xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk esa u,

Hkk"kk dks cpkus dk dke djuk gS gesaftl xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk us xqtjkrh Hkk"kk dks le`) cuk;k Fkk] ogh xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk Hkk"kk dks [kRe dj jgh gSA ,sls esa lHkh xqtjkrh i=kdkjksa dks feydj Hkk"kk dks cpkus ,oa 'kqf)dj.k ij tksj nsuk

pkfg,A xqtjkrh lekpkj i=k ^fnO; HkkLdj* ds LVsV ,fMVj ¼lsVsykbV½ dkuk ckVok ls ^ehfM;k foe'kZ* us ckr dhA is'k gS muls gqbZ ckrphr%

foe'kZehfM;k

21

tuojh&ekpZ 2015

cpuk pkfg,A yksxksa dk fo'okl bl pkSFks LraHk ij ls de gks tk,xk rks i=kdkfjrk Hkh ,d dkjksckj gks tk,xhAxqtjkrh v[kckjksa dk ikBd oxZ fdl rjg ds lekpkj i<+us esa T;knk #fp j[krk gS vkSj fiNys ikap lky esa D;k ifjorZu ns[kus dks feys gaSA

igys ikBd ds Åij [kcj Fkksih tkrh FkhA ikBd dh #fp dh ijokg ugha dh tk jgh FkhA vc ;g ifjorZu vk;k gS fd ikBd dks tks i<+uk gS oks nsus dh dksf'k'k dh tkrh gSA xqtjkrh ikBd oSf'od ikBd gSA Åijh :fp oSf'od gSA og lc i<+s fy[ks gSa vkSj mUgsa csgrj U;wt pkfg,Axqtjkr ds fodkl esa xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk fdl rjg Hkwfedk fuHkk jgh gS\

fiNys 50 lky esa xqtjkr dk fodkl gqvk gS] mlesa xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk dk lcls cM+k gkFk gSA xqtjkrh yksxksa dh lksp dks fn'kk xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk us nh gSA xqtjkfr;ksa dks xqtjkrh gksus dk xkSjo iznku fd;k gSA vkt dk xqtjkrh ;gka dh i=kdkfjrk ls x<+k x;k gSA

izk.k Qwads FksA mUgksaus ftruk dke 20 lky esa fd;k mruk dke dbZ lkyksa rd ugha gks ik;k FkkA xqtjkrh ds iqjkus 'kCnksa] dgkorksa vkSj :<+ iz;ksxksa ls ysdj bafXy'k 'kCnksa dk csckd mi;ksx dj mUgksaus viuh 'kSyh cukbZ Fkh ftldh udy vkt Hkh dh tk jgh gSA [kcj dks flQZ ikBd dks /;ku esa j[kdj laiknu djuk vkSj rstkch gSMykbu nsus dk LVkby vHkh Hkh fdlh&fdlh i=kdkj laiknd esa thfor gSAisM U;wt ls ysdj isM baVjO;w rd---tSlk pkgs oSlh izLrqfr---i=kdkfjrk ds izfr tuekul ds Hkjksls ds rksM+us dk ;g dke i=kdkfjrk dks dgka ys tk,xk\

i=kdkfjrk esa tks dqN Hkh isM gS og lc O;kolk;hdj.k dh nsu gSA isM U;wt ,d nw"k.k gS vkSj gj lekpkji=k dks blls

q

fiNys 50 lky esa xqtjkr dk fodkl gqvk gS] mlesa xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk dk lcls cM+k gkFk gSA

xqtjkrh yksxksa dh lksp dks fn'kk xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk us nh gSA xqtjkfr;ksa dks xqtjkrh gksus dk xkSjo

iznku fd;k gSA vkt dk xqtjkrh ;gka dh

i=kdkfjrk ls x<+k x;k gSA

22


lk{kkRdkj% MkW -egs'k ifjeylk{kkRdkjdrkZ& yksdsUnz flag

tjkrh i=kdkfjrk dh fo'ks"krk gS fd os vius vrhr dks cgqr mTToy crkrs gSaA mls vius vrhr ij xkSjo gSA ;gh dkj.k gS fd xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk yEcs le; rd ijEijkxr

i=kdkfjrk dh ydhj ij gh pyrh jgh gSA ubZ lksp ds dqN v[kckjksa us tc xqtjkr dh /kjrh ij dne j[kk rks ijEijkoknh lekpkj&i=k vkSj if=kdkvksa us Hkh vaxM+kbZ yh gSA cgjgky] le; ds lkFk vk jgs cnykoksa ds chp xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk esa vkt Hkh lkSa/kh ̂ [kq'kcw xqtjkr* dh gh gSA

xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk dks ysdj ofj"B i=kdkj ,oa ys[kd MkW- egs'k ifjey ls yEch ckrphr dk volj feykA uoEcj] 2013 esa nks fnu xqtjkr esa muds lkFk xqtkjus dk volj Hkh feyk] rc tkuk Fkk fd xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk ij egs'k th dh iSuh utj gSA bldh otg ;g gS fd ,d ckj xqtjkr ds iqjkus vkSj izfrf"Br xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk ij muls ckr djuk blfy, Hkh egRoiw.kZ gks v[kckj us vkradoknh dks vkardoknh fy[k fn;kA fQj D;k Fkk] tkrk gS] D;ksafd os Hkksiky esa jgdj fu;fer rkSj ij xqtjkrh xqtjkfr;ksa dh tcku ij ;gh 'kCn p<+ x;kA vkt Hkh ogka dbZ yksx v[kckjksa dk voyksdu djrs gSaA ljy vkSj lgt O;fäRo ds /kuh vkradoknh dks vkardoknh cksyrs gSaA Hkys gh ogka vkradoknh MkW- egs'k ifjey dk xqtjkrh] fgUnh] NÙkhlx<+h vkSj vaxzsth Hkk"kk fy[kk gks] ysfdu os mls i<+saxs] vkardoknh ghAij iwjk vf/kdkj gSA mudh fdrkcsa ^fy[kks ikrh I;kj Hkjh*] xqtjkrh Hkk"kk ds izeq[k v[kckjksa dh lkexzh fdl rjg ^vuns[kk lp* vkSj ̂vjik dh xksn esa* dkQh pfpZr gSaA MkW- ifjey dh jgrh gS\ bl loky ds tokc esa Hkk"kkfoKkuh MkW- egs'k ifjey us crk;k fd xqtjkr dh i=kdkfjrk ijaijkoknh gSA xqtjkrh dgrs gSa fd ijEijkxr ydhj ij pyus ds dkj.k T;knkrj xqtjkrh i=kdkjksa dh [kcj esa u rks jksekap gksrk gS vkSj u gh 'kCnksa dh v[kckj daVsaV ds lkFk T;knk iz;ksx ugha djrs gSaA ^fnO; HkkLdj* tknwxjhA mudh [kcjksa esa u;siu dk iwjh rjg vHkko fn[krk gSA os dks NksM+dj nwljs v[kckj dkQh ihNs gSaA gka] ,dne u;s v[kckj vkfndky ls pyh vk jgh ijaijkvksa ds Hkhrj jgdj gh viuk dke ^uo xqtjkr le;* us dqN u;k djus dk lkgl fd;k gSA og Hkh djrs gSaA xqtjkrh leqnk; ij i=kdkfjrk dk fdruk xgjk vlj gS] blfy,] D;ksafd mldh 90 izfr'kr Vhe fnO; HkkLdj dh gSA bl laca/k esa mUgksaus ,d okd;k crk;kA os crkrs gSa fd veweu laiknd lesr lHkh us HkkLdj ls tks dqN lh[kk] mls gh os vc ubZ xqtjkrh ^vkradoknh* 'kCn dks ^vkardoknh* dgrs gSaA njvly] lksp ds lkFk izLrqr dj jgs gSaA 'ks"k v[kckj dHkh&dHkh vius gksus

xq

;gk¡ ds v[kckjksa esa gS ^[kq'kcq xqtjkr* dhofj"B i=kdkj ,oa ys[kd MkW- ls dh ckrphregs'k ifjey yksdsUnz flag

xqtjkrh i=kdkj fganh i=kdkjksa dh rjg ges'kk tw>rs gq, fn[kkbZ ugha nsrsA fganh ds i=kdkj ,d lkFk dbZ [kcjksa ij dke djrs gSaA ,d&,d [kcj ij dke djrs gSaA os izR;sd [kcj dks [kkl [kcj cukdj vius ikBdksa ds lkeus is'k djus ds fy, vuFkd ifjJe djrs gSaA ysfdu] xqtjkrh i=kdkj vke [kcjksa

dks [kkl cukus ds bl la?k"kZ ls ugha xqtjrkA

foe'kZehfM;k

23

tuojh&ekpZ 2015

dk vglkl vo'; djkrs gSaA mUgksaus crk;k fd if=kdk,a fuf'pr :i ls dqN u;k djuk pkgrh gSa] ysfdu izca/ku ds dkj.k mlesa yxkrkj u;kiu ugha jgrkA

os vkxs crkrs gSa fd lkfgR; dh n`f"V ls ns[ksa rks xqtjkrh lekpkj i=k&if=kdk,a dkQh le`) gSaA xqtjkrh lkfgR; cgqr gh foiqy gSA xqtjkr dh lkfgR; lEink ij xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk vkSj tuekul dks xoZ Hkh gSA vius lkfgR; dks mUgksaus fojklr ekuk gSA xqtjkrh ikBdksa dh #fp Hkh [kcjksa esa de] vkys[k ;k lkfgfR;d

rd dke dj jgs gSaA i=kdkfjrk esa vk, cnyko vkSj yksxksa dh #fp lkexzh esa vf/kd jgrh gSA ;gh dkj.k gS fd ;gka fu;fer v[kckj dks xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk dh vis{kk fgUnh i=kdkfjrk us igys idM+ ls dgha vf/kd mlds lkIrkfgd fo'ks"kkad dh izrh{kk ikBdksa dks fy;kA blh Øe esa muls vxyk iz'u FkkA Xykscykbts'ku ds vkus jgrh gSA vkidks tkudj vk'p;Z gksxk fd cq/kokj dks vkus okys ds ckn ls fgUnh i=kdkfjrk esa vkewypwy ifjorZu vk;k gSA ;g lkIrkfgd fo'ks"kkad 16 ls 20 i`"B ds gksrs gSaA buesa djhc 40 ifjorZu daVsaV ls ysdj lekpkj ek/;eksa ¼lekpkj i=k] if=kdk½ ds LrEHkdkj fofo/k vkys[k rS;kj djrs gSaA gjsd fo"k; ds vkys[k gksrs :i&jax esa Hkh vk;k gSA xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk ij Hkh Xykscykbts'ku gSaA vk/kqfud foKku] v/;kRe] /keZ] iqjkrRo] LokLF;] lsDl vkfn dk izHkko fn[k jgk gS ;k ugha\ vkSj ifjorZu fn[k jgk gS rks vki ij dsafnzr vkys[kksa dks [kwc LFkku fn;k tkrk gSA 'kfuokj dk mls fdl rjg ns[krs gSa\ blds tokc esa Jh ifjey dgrs gSa fd fo'ks"kkad fQYeksa ij dsafnzr gksrk gSA blds vykok jkst ds v[kckj [kcjksa ij de fdarq foKkiu esa vo'; Xykscykbts'ku dk izHkko esa Hkh nks&rhu dkWye ,sls gksrs gh gSa] tks iBuh; gksaA fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA v[kckj foKkiuksa dks vkd"kZd cukus ds fy, mUgksaus crk;k fd ftl rjg ls dgk tkrk Fkk fd ifjJe dj ysrs gSa] ij [kcjksa ds ckjs esa ,slk ugha dgk tk ldrkA ^ubZnqfu;k* ds i=k dkWye esa tks ugha Nik] og ekyok dk dqN v[kckjksa ds fons'kh laLdj.k Hkh gSa] rks mudk Xykscykbts'ku lkfgR;dkj ;k i=kdkj gks gh ugha ldrkA Bhd blh rjg xqtjkr dsoy fons'kh laLdj.kksa esa gh fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA ,d ckr ;g ns[kus esa dk tks ikBd v[kckj ds lkIrkfgd fo'ks"kkad dks ugha i<+rk] og vkbZ fd fons'kksa esa jgus okys xqtjkfr;ksa ij v[kckj okyksa dh fo'ks"k lPps :i esa ikBd gks gh ugha ldrkA blfy, ikBdksa dks v[kckj n`f"V gksrh gSA dgha Hkh] fdlh Hkh xqtjkrh ifjokj ij foifÙk vkbZ ls dgha vf/kd izrh{kk mlds lkIrkfgd fo'ks"kkad dh gksrh gSA bls ;k xqtjkrh ifjokj dk dksbZ lnL; fdlh vijk/k esa 'kkfey gks os viuh Hkk"kk esa ̂ iwfrZ* dgrs gSaA blhfy, ogka i=kdkjksa ls vf/kd x;k] rks ogka ds xqtjkrh gh v[kckjksa dks bldh tkudkjh nsrs gSaA bTtr LraHkdkjksa dh gksrh gSA LraHkdkjksa dk tqM+ko ikBdksa ls vf/kd ftls v[kckj okys fo'ks"k :i ls ifjJe dj ml [kcj dks gkbZykbV gksrk gSA blh ijEijk ds dkj.k ogka lkfgR;dkjksa vkSj i=kdkjksa esa djrs gSaA xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk ds Hkfo"; ds laca/k esa fd, x, loky ijLij lEeku ns[kk tkrk gSA xqtjkrh vkSj fgUnh i=kdkfjrk ds ds tokc esa MkW- egs'k ifjey us crk;k fd vc cnyko fn[kkbZ nsus varj dks le>kus ds fy, egs'k ifjey us crk;k fd xqtjkrh yxk gSA i=kdkj Hkh ikBdksa ds lkFk&lkFk ftKklq gksus yxs gSaA os Hkh i=kdkj] fganh i=kdkjksa dh rjg ges'kk tw>rs gq, fn[kkbZ ugha nsrsA ns'k&nqfu;k ds ckjs esa vf/kd ls vf/kd tkuuk pkgrs gSaA ikBdksa dks fganh ds i=kdkj ,d lkFk dbZ [kcjksa ij dke djrs gSaA ,d&,d vrhr ls tksM+dj Hkh ns[kus yxs gSaA vrhr ij vkt Hkh dbZ i=kdkjksa [kcj ij dke djrs gSaA os izR;sd [kcj dks [kkl [kcj cukdj vius ds ikl csgrj dysD'ku gSaA Hkys gh og rLohjksa ds ek/;e ls gksaA ikBdksa ds lkeus is'k djus ds fy, vuFkd ifjJe djrs gSaA ij tc dHkh v[kckj dks xqtjkr ds vrhr ds ckjs esa tkuuk gks] rks ysfdu] xqtjkrh i=kdkj vke [kcjksa dks [kkl cukus ds bl la?k"kZ ls cqtqxksaZ ls ;k fnoaxr lkfgR;dkjksa dh fdrkcksa ls lkexzh ysus yxs gSaA ugha xqtjrkA T;knkrj xqtjkrh i=kdkj ,d gh [kcj ij esgur ;g rks xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk dh lcls cM+h fo'ks"krk gS fd os vius djrs gSa vkSj mlh [kcj ij mudk Qksdl gksrk gSA nwljk varj vrhr dks cgqr gh vf/kd mTToy crkrs gSaA muds fy, mudk mUgksaus ;g crk;k fd fgUnh dk i=kdkj vius ikBdksa ls T;knk tqM+k vrhr xkSjo'kkyh gSA vc xqtjkr ds v[kckjksa esa ubZ psruk tkxzr jgrk gSA ikBdksa ls fgUnh ds i=kdkjksa dk lh/kk laokn jgrk gSA gqbZ gSA fuf'pr gh xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk yhd ls gVdj le; ds lkFk blds lkFk gh fgUnh ds v[kckj [kcjksa ds VsLV ls ysdj ys&vkmV vkxs c<+sxhA q

xqtjkr dk tks ikBd v[kckj ds lkIrkfgd fo'ks"kkad dks ugha i<+rk] og lPps :i esa ikBd gks gh ugha ldrkA blfy, ikBdksa dks v[kckj ls dgha vf/kd izrh{kk mlds lkIrkfgd fo'ks"kkad dh gksrh gSA bls os

viuh Hkk"kk esa ^iwfrZ* dgrs gSaA blhfy, ogka i=kdkjksa ls vf/kd bTtr LraHkdkjksa dh gksrh gSA LraHkdkjksa dk

tqM+ko ikBdksa ls vf/kd gksrk gSA

24


lk{kkRdkj% vk'kh"k tks'kh

'k ds cM+s vkSj izfrf"Br U;wt pSuy th U;wt vkSj vkbZch,u&7 ds izfrfuf/k ds rkSj ij vkius xqtjkr esa yEck oä xqtkjk gSA fgUnh pSuy ds fy, [kcjsa [kkstrs&[kkstrs

xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk dks fuf'pr gh vkius csgn utnhd ls ns[kk gksxkA xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk ds ckjs esa dqN crkb,A

nsf[k,] Hkkjr ds jktuhfrd ekufp=k ij xqtjkr Hkys gh 1 ebZ] 1960 esa mHkjk] tc Hkk"kk;h vk/kkj ij bl jkT; dk xBu gqvkA ysfdu Hkk"kk;h i=kdkfjrk esa xqtjkrh dk mn; cgqr igys gh gks pqdk FkkA ;wa dgsa fd vktknh dh tax ds lkFk ghA 2013 esa gh ,d e'kgwj xqtjkrh v[kckj ̂ xqtjkr fe=k* us Ms<+ lkS cjl iwjs fd, gSa vkSj 'kk;n de yksx gh ;s tkurs gksaxs fd nqfu;k Hkj ds mu 6 nSfud v[kckjksa esa tks fiNys lkS cjlksa ;k fQj mlls T;knk ls py jgs gSa] 2 xqtjkrh ds v[kckj gSa& ^xqtjkr fe=k* vkSj ^eqacbZ lekpkj*A bruk gh ugha] xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk dh lcls [kkl ckr rks ;s gS fd gj dky[kaM esa blus ,d ubZ felky dk;e dh gSA 1930 ds n'kd esa] tc Hkkjr esa Lora=krk laxzke py jgk Fkk] rc xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk vktknh dh yM+kbZ yM+ jgh Fkh] rc ns'k esa igyh ckj VªLV ds tfj, v[kckjksa dk izdk'ku gqvkA dbZ v[kckj fudkys x,A ,d e'kgwj xka/khoknh gq, Fks ml nkSj esa& ve`ryky 'ksBA mUgksaus gh lkSjk"Vª VªLV cuk;kA ml lkSjk"Vª VªLV dh Hkh dgkuh cM+h

vkt Hkh xqtjkr ds dPN bykds dk lcls e'kgwj v[kckj gSA vn~Hkqr gSA vÝhdk esa jgus okys Hkkjrh;ksa us xka/kh th ds lg;ksx ds vktknh ds ml nkSj esa ve`ryky 'ksB us ns'k dks [kksth i=kdkfjrk fy, dqN jkf'k bdëk djds Hksth FkhA ml oä ;s jkf'k Fkh 46 gtkj Hkh fl[kkbZ FkhA 1944 esa xka/kh&ftUuk ds [kr vkSj lqHkk"kpanz cksl #i;sA rc ds fglkc ls ;s cgqr T;knk FkhA bUgha #i;ksa ls lkSjk"Vª dh Mk;jh ds iUuksa dk Niuk ml oä dk lcls cM+k rgydk FkkA VªLV cuk vkSj lwjr ls izrki] jktdksV ls QwyNkc] dPN ls bruk gh ugha] 1949 esa O;kikj uke dh ,d lkIrkfgd fctusl dPNfe=k tSls dbZ v[kckj bl VªLV us 'kq: fd,A ^dPNfe=k* rks

ns

lkr leanj ikj Hkh yksdfiz;rk cjdjkj% tks'khofj"B Vhoh i=kdkj ls dh ckrphrvk'kh"k tks'kh ehfM;k foe'kZ

vkt ds nkSj esa vc ;g QdZ dj ikuk fd fdl Hkk"kk dh i=kdkfjrk fdl vk/kkj ij vyx gS]FkksM+k eqf'dy Hkh gSA xqtjkr dh [kcj gksxh rks og fganh pSuy Hkh fn[kk,axs vkSj

vesfjdk dh [kcj gksxh rks og xqtjkrh pSuy Hkh fn[kk,axsA QdZ flQZ bl ckr dk gks ldrk gS fd dkSu fdl [kcj dks fdruk fn[kk,xkA

foe'kZehfM;k

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if=kdk izdkf'kr gqbZ FkhA ;s ns'k dk igyk fctusl ifCyds'ku FkkA vkt dbZ ehfM;k ?kjkuksa us viuk xqtjkrh dk vyx pSuy pykuk ckr vxj vk/kqfud dky dh djsa rks xqtjkr ds vfLrRo esa vkus ds 'kq: dj fn;k gSA buesa ls dbZ rks yksxksa ds chp dkQh yksdfiz; Hkh ckn 1967 ls 1969 ds chp xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk ns'k ds rRdkyhu gSaA vkSj vxj vki xkSj djsaxs rks vkidks bu xqtjkrh U;wt pSuyksa nks cM+s usrkvksa bafnjk xka/kh vkSj eksjkjth nslkbZ ds chp dh vkSj v[kckjksa esa uk [kcjksa esa dksbZ deh fn[ksxh vkSj uk gh buesa tksj&vktekbZ'k ds fy, cSVy xzkmaM Hkh cuhA 1969 esa xqtjkr esa foKkiuksa dh dksbZ deh gSA eryc lkQ gS fd xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk lcls Hk;adj lkaiznkf;d naxs gq,A xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk us mu naxksa [kcjksa esa Hkh vkxs c<+ jgh gS vkSj O;kolkf;drk esa HkhAij fjiksfVaZx dhA vkt dh ge ckr djsa rks xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk u xqtjkrh v[kckjksa vkSj U;wt pSuYl dh fn'kk vkSj n'kk ij izdk'k dsoy jkT; cfYd jkT; ls ckgj eqacbZ vkSj rks vkSj lkr leanj ikj Mkfy,A vesfjdk rd esa uk dsoy csgn yksdfiz; gS cfYd csgn izHkkoh Hkh nsf[k,] oukZdqyj i=kdkfjrk dh ,d lcls [kkl ckr ;g gSA vc bu lcdks ns[krs gq, vxj ge ;s dgsa fd xqtjkrh gksrh gS fd og viuh Hkk"kk ds yksxksa dks lgt gh cka/k ysrh gSA bl i=kdkfjrk us ns'k dh i=kdkfjrk dks fygkt ls xqtjkrh v[kckjksa ,oa fctusl ekWMy ls ysdj laikndh; U;wt pSuYl us Hkh vius vki le> rd iznku dh gS] rks dksbZ dks cM+h etcwrh ds lkFk vfr';ksfä ugha gksxhA LFkkfir fd;k gSA O;kolkf;drk dk vlj fdl rjg Xykscykbts'ku ds bl nkSj xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk ij iM+ jgk gS ;k esa [kcjksa dk izokg rks gj ugha iM+ jgk gS\ le; ds lkFk ehfM;k ?kjkus esa ,d&lk gh xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk esa fdl rjg ds gksrk gSA fQj pkgs oks fganh gks] cnyko ns[kus dks feys\ vaxzsth gks ;k fQj xqtjkrhA

xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk us xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk ds lkFk ,d oä ds lkFk&lkFk pyus vkSj bl [kkl la;ksx ;g Hkh gS fd ftrus nkSM+ esa [kqn dks LFkkfir j[kus dh yksx blls ns'k esa tqM+s gSa] mrus ,d csgrjhu felky is'k dh gSA gh yksx blls fons'kksa esa Hkh tqM+s nqfu;k Hkj esa i=kdkfjrk dk Lo:i] gSaA xqtjkr ds yk[kksa yksx mlds ek;us cny jgs gSa vkSj vyx&vyx txgksa ij jgrs gSaA xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk Hkh le; ds blhfy, xqtjkrh v[kckjksa vkSj lkFk cny jgh gSA vk/kqfud U;wt pSuyksa esa jktuhfrd] rduhd] fMtkbu vkSj ys&vkmV dk lkekftd vkSj lkaLd`frd vlj Hkh xqtjkrh v[kckjksa ij ns[kk ljksdkjksa ds lkFk gh buesa lkr tk ldrk gSA tSls jktdksV ls izdkf'kr gksus okys lka/; nSfud leanj ikj gksus okys ?kVukØeksa ds dojst ij T;knk tksj gksrk gSA vfdyk ds lkr ?kaVs ls Hkh de le; esa lkr laLdj.k fudyrs gSaA ;g lp gS fd 'kq#vkrh nkSj esa xqtjkrh U;wt pSuyksa dks iSj tekus esa ;s lj gsjkYM eSF;w bokal ds fy, Hkh dsl LVMh gSA ̂ n VkbEl* ds bl FkksM+k la?k"kZ djuk iM+kA dqN U;wt pSuy can Hkh gks x,A ysfdu oä iwoZ laiknd us 5 okWY;we esa U;wt isij ,MhfVax vkSj fMtkbu ij ds lkFk&lkFk xqtjkrh U;wt pSuyksa us [kcjksa dks ysdj jk"Vªh; Lrj fy[kk gSA bl iqLrd dks U;wt isij fMtkbu dh csgn mEnk iqLrd ij ,slh izfrLi/kkZ nh fd yksxksa dks budk yksgk ekuuk iM+kA vkt ekuk tkrk gSA vdhyk dh rjg gh vU; xqtjkrh i=kksa us uk dsoy djhc lkr U;wt pSuYl gSa tks vPNk izn'kZu dj jgs gSaA viuk nk;jk c<+kus ds fy, vius laLdj.k c<+k, gSa cfYd u;s xqtjkrh vkSj fgUnh i=kdkfjrk esa vkidks D;k cM+s varj /;ku dysoj ds lkFk ikBdksa dks vkdf"kZr djus ds fy, u;s uqL[ks Hkh vk,\vktek, gaSA ckr vxj le; ds lkFk c<+rs U;wt pSuyksa dh djsa rks oSls rks xqtjkrh vkSj fgUnh i=kdkfjrk esa lkfgR;]

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jktuhfr] laLd`fr] /kkfeZd] lkekftd dojst dks ysdj dkQh fganh i=kdkfjrk ml oä ns'k Hkj dh izfrfØ;k ds vk/kkj ij dke lekurk gS ysfdu xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk esa vFkZ ;kuh O;kikfjd {ks=k dj jgh Fkh vkSj xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk xqtjkr ds yksxksa dh izfrfØ;k dks T;knk vgfe;r feyrh gSA bldh cM+h otg xqtjkfr;ksa dh ds vk/kkj ij dke dj jgh FkhAm|e'khyrk gSA xqtjkrh ukSdjh ls T;knk viuk dqN djus esa xqtjkrh ds dqN cM+s vkSj izHkko'kkyh lekpkj i=k] if=kdkvksa vkSj Hkjkslk djrs gSaA xqtjkfr;ksa dh vkfFkZd {ks=k esa #fp dh otg ls gh U;wt pSuYl ds ckjs esa dqN crkb,A ns'k dk igyk fctusl ifCyds'ku 1949 esa ̂ O;kikj* xqtjkrh esa gh nsf[k,] ns'k esa ftl txg ls i=kdkfjrk 'kq: gqbZ] mlds izdkf'kr gqvk tks vc fgUnh esa Hkh gSA blds vykok i;ZVu Hkh ckjs esa crkuk oSlk gh gS] tSls dksbZ lwjt dks nh;k fn[kk,A vkt Hkh xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk esa ,d LFkk;h Qhpj gSA gkykafd] vkt ds nkSj xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk csgn laiUu gSA fQj pkgs v[kckj gksa ;k fQj esa vc ;g QdZ dj ikuk fd fdl Hkk"kk dh i=kdkfjrk fdl vk/kkj U;wt pSuYlA ns'k ds lcls iqjkus v[kckj okyh xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk ij vyx gS] FkksM+k eqf'dy Hkh gSA xqtjkr dh [kcj gksxh rks og esa vkt ds cM+s uke gS xqtjkr lekpkj] lans'k vkSj fnO; HkkLdjA fganh pSuy Hkh fn[kk,axs vkSj vesfjdk dh [kcj gksxh rks og vius vusd laLdj.kksa ds lkFk ;s rhuksa v[kckj vius fizUV vkSj osc xqtjkrh pSuy Hkh fn[kk,axsA QdZ flQZ bl ckr dk gks ldrk gS fd laLdj.k ds lkFk iwjh nqfu;k esa yksdfiz; gaSA xqtjkr lekpkj vkSj dkSu fdl [kcj dks fdruk fn[kk,xkA og ,d laikndh; fu.kZ; lans'k rks dbZ n'kdksa rd igys vkSj nwljs uacj ds v[kckj jgs gSaA gksrk gS tks gj ehfM;k ?kjkus dk viuk gksrk gSA xqtjkr lekpkj ds izHkko dks bl rF; ls le>k tk ldrk gS fd xqtjkr naxksa ds nkSjku vki xqtjkr esa gh FksA vkius xks/kjk esa Vªsu yacs le; rd blesa foKkiu izca/kd ;kuh foKkiu ykus okys ugha tyk, tkus dh ?kVuk ds ckn ls xqtjkr ds ty tkus rd ds Fks ;kuh foKkiunkrk [kqn pydj vkrs FksA 2003 esa nSfud HkkLdj ?kVukØe dks csgn utnhd ls fgUnh ehfM;k ds fy, doj fd;kA lewg ds fnO; HkkLdj us xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk esa nLrd nh vkSj de bl iwjs ekeys ds dojst esa fgUnh vkSj xqtjkrh ehfM;k ds n`f"Vdks.k le; esa viuk tcjnLr izHkko tek;kA ckr xqtjkrh U;wt pSuYl esa dksbZ varj utj vk;k D;k\ vkSj varj Fkk rks fdl rjg dk\ dh djsa rks 'kq#vkr esa ;s iz;ksx foQy jgkA ysfdu fQj fiNys lkr

th gka] vc bls esjk lkSHkkX; dfg, ;k fQj esjk nqHkkZX; lky esa dbZ pSuYl n'kZdksa ds chp viuh iSB cukus esa dke;kc jgs fd xks/kjk gknls dh Vsyhfotu ds ek/;e ls nqfu;k dks igyh gSaA vkt Vhoh&9] bZVhoh] th,l Vhoh] lans'k U;wt] ohVhoh] Vhoh 18 tkudkjh nsus dk ekSdk eq>s gh feykA xks/kjk vkSj xks/kjk ds ckn ds lewg ds fctusl pSuy lh,uchlh cktkj ds lkFk gh vU; dbZ ?kVukØeksa dh dojst dks ns[ksa rks fganh vkSj xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk esa pSuy yksdfiz; gSaAvarj lkQ >ydrk gSA xqtjkrh ehfM;k us vius ikBd oxZ dks xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk ds Hkfo"; dks vki fdl rjg ns[krs gSa\ns[krs gq, bls cgqla[;d oxZ ds p'es ls ns[kkA fgUnh ehfM;k dh vius laiUu vkSj f'kf{kr ikBd oxZ] n{k lekpkj p;u ckr djsa rks bldk T;knk izHkko rks ugha Fkk] fQj Hkh blus larqyu {kerk] csgrj dscy vkSj baVjusV dusDVhfoVh ds dkj.k xqtjkrh cukus dk iz;kl fd;kA ysfdu vaxzsth i=kdkfjrk lp ds lkFk i=kdkfjrk ds fizaV] bysDVªkWfud vkSj osc rhuksa ek/;eksa ds foLrkj U;k; djrh ugha fn[khA dqy feykdj dgsa rks xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk dh vikj laHkkouk,a gaSA vU; Hkk"kkvksa dh rqyuk esa xqtjkrh yksxksa ml nkSj esa rF;ksa ls T;knk Hkkoukvksa ds Tokj esa T;knk cgrh fn[kh esa i<+us dh vknr vPNh gSA fygktk O;kolkf;drk ds bl nkSj esa FkhA gkykafd bls vki xqtjkr ds yksxksa dh vfHkO;fä Hkh dg ldrs Hkh xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk ds foLrkj vkSj vkxs c<+us dh tcjnLr gSaA fganh vkSj xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk esa oks QdZ flQZ blfy, Fkk fd {kerk gSA

q

xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk u dsoy jkT; cfYd jkT; ls ckgj eqacbZ vkSj rks vkSj lkr leanj ikj vesfjdk rd esa uk dsoy csgn yksdfiz; gS cfYd csgn izHkkoh Hkh gSA vc bu lcdks ns[krs gq, vxj ge ;s dgsa fd xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk us ns'k dh i=kdkfjrk dks fctusl ekWMy ls ysdj laikndh; le> rd iznku dh gS]

rks dksbZ vfr'k;ksfä ugha gksxhA

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Cover Story

Prof. V. S. Gupta

oday, when the contemporary media scenario bristles with unheard of turmoil- investigative journalism- through all means fair and foul; over-riding role of market

forces in the media wherein the "advertorial" and "response" and "response features" edge out editorials, and when the media is trying to project the celebrities and models as the icons of modern society, it would be worth while to revisit Mahatma Gandhi's philosophy and canon of journalism and his contribution as a journalist.

According to Chalapathi Raju, himself an eminent editor, Gandhi was probably the greatest journalist of all time, and the weeklies he ran and edited were probably the greatest weeklies the world has known. He published no advertisement; at the same time he did not want his newspapers to run at a loss. He had gained considerable experience in South Africa, where he had taken an aid to what I have conceived to be my mission in over in1904 the editorship of the 'Indian Opinion' life. My mission is to teach by example and present and published it in English, Tamil and Gujarati, under severe restraint the use of the matchless sometimes running the press himself. weapon of satyagraha which is a direct corollary of

'Young India' and 'Harijan' became nonviolence." Gandhi looked upon journalism as a powerful vehicles of his views on all subjects. He means to serve the people. He said in his wrote on all subjects. He wrote simply and clearly autobiography: "The sole aim of journalism should but forcefully, with passion and burning be service. The newspaper is a great power, but indignation. One of the objects of a newspaper, he just as an unchained torrent of water submerges said. is to understand the popular feeling and give whole countryside and devastates crops, even so expression to it; another is to arouse among the an uncontrolled pen serves but to destroy. If the people certain desirable sentiments, and the third control is from without, it proves more poisonous is fearlessly to expose popular defects. than want of control. It can be profitable only when

G a n d h i ' s p a p e r s p u b l i s h e d n o exercised from within. If this line of reasoning is advertisements. They enjoyed wide circulation. correct, how many journals of the world would His approach to journalism was totally devoid of stand the test? But who would stop those that are ambitions. To him it was not a vocation to earn his useless? and who should be the judge? The useful livelihood; it was a means to serve the public. In and the useless must, like good and evil. go on the 'Young India' of 2 July 1925, he wrote: "I have together, and man must make his choice.taken up journalism not for its sake but merely as

Mahatma Gandhi And Mass Media

T

Gandhi was associated with six journals, for two of which he was the editor. His first paper, 'Indian Opinion' was started in South Africa. In order to ventilate the grievances of Indians and mobilize public opinion in their favour, Gandhi started

writing and giving interviews to newspapers ,He focused on open letters and Letters to Editor, but soon realized that occasional writings and the hospitality of

newspapers were inadequate for the political campaign he had launched.

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Gandhi- The Great Communicator and Journalist

Apart from being a national leader and soc ia l re former, Gandhi was a great communicator. More than any one else, he recognized that communication is the most effective tool to shape opinion and mobilize popular support. He was successful because he had a latent skill in communication that surfaced in South Africa where he had gone initially to set up practice as a lawyer. The practice of communication started by him in South Africa gave him the clue to rally millions of his countrymen when he returned to India.

Gandhi launched Satyagraha against the Rowlatt Gandhi was associated with six journals, Act and the massacre in Jallianwala Bagh. He for two of which he was the editor. His first paper, learnt in South Africa how important the press and 'Indian Opinion' was started in South Africa. In public opinion could be in politics and had taught order to ventilate the grievances of Indians and himself how to use the written word most mobilize public opinion in their favour, Gandhi effectively.started writing and giving interviews to Freedom of the press is a precious newspapers ,He focused on open letters and

Letters to Editor, but soon realized that occasional privilege that no country can forgo. - M. K. writings and the hospitality of newspapers were Gandhiinadequate for the political campaign he had The two journals 'Young India' and launched. He needed a mouthpiece to reach out to 'Navjivan' were used by him to ventilate his views the people; so in June 1903 he launched Indian and to educated the public on Satyagraha . In 1933 Opinion. It served the purpose of a weekly Gandhi started 'Harijan', 'Harijanbandhu', newsletter which disseminated the news of the 'Harijansevak' in English, Gujarati and Hindi, week among the Indian community. It became an respectively. These newspapers were the vehicles important instrument of education. Through the of his crusade against untouchability and poverty columns of the newspaper Gandhi tried to educate in rural areas. These papers published no the readers about sanitation, self-discipline and advertisements even then they enjoyed wide good citizenship. How important the journal was to circulation. His note of defiance and sacrifice gave Gandhi is seen from his own statement in his a new stimulus to the evolution of press as a biography, My Experiments with Truth: weapon of satyagraha.

'Indian Opinion... was a part of my life. Gandhi and Role of NewspapersWeek after week I poured out my soul in its It will be pertinent to point out as to what columns and expounded the principles and Mahatma Gandhi considered to be the role of practice of satyagraha as I understood it. During newspapers. He wrote: In my humble opinion, it is 10 years, that is until 1914, excepting the intervals wrong to use a newspaper as a means of earning a of my enforced rest in prison there was hardly an living. There are certain spheres of work which are issue of 'Indian Opinion' without an article from me. of such consequence and have such bearing on I cannot recall a word in these articles set down public welfare that to undertake them for earning without thought or deliberation or word of one's livelihood will defeat the primary aim behind conscious exaggeration, or anything merely to them. When, further a newspaper is treated as a please. Indeed the journal became for me a means of making profits, the result is likely to be training in self restraint and for friends a medium serious malpractices. It is not necessary to prove through which to keep in touch with my thoughts." to those who have some experience of journalism The critics found very little to which they could that such malpractices do prevail on a large scale. object. In fact, the tone of 'Indian Opinion' He was of the opinion, 'Newspapers are meant compelled the critics to put a curb on his palm. primarily to educate the people. They make the

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latter familiar with contemporary history. This is a independence, adherence to truth and self-work of no mean responsibility. It is a fact, restra ints were the three over r id ing however, that readers cannot always trust considerations for journalism. In his message for newspapers. Often facts are found to be quite the the editor of the newspaper, 'The Independence', opposite of what has been reported. If newspapers on 30 January 1919, he wrote: In wishing you realized that it was their duty to educate the success in your new enterprise, I would like to say people, they could not but wait to check a report how I hope your writings would be worthy of the before publishing it. It is true that often they have to title you have chosen for your journal; and may I work under difficult conditions. They have to sift further hope that to a robust of independence you the true from the false in a short time and can only will add an equal measure of self-restraint and the guess at the truth. Even then, I am of the opinion strictest adherence to truth? Too often in our that it is better not to publish a report at all if it ahs journals as in others do we get fiction instead of not been found possible to verify it.' The eminent fact and declamation in place of sober reasoning. journalist and freedom fighter Salien Chatterjee You would make 'The Independence' a power in who covered Mahatma Gandhi, his actions and the land and a means of education for the people programmes for a number of years died a few by avoiding the errors I have drawn attention to.months back. In an article, 'Reporting Mahatma', Newspapers and Advertisinghe had written for the special issue of Vidura on, On receiving Advertisement support for Gandhi as a Journalist, (Jan-March, 1998) he said: running a newspaper Mahatma Gandhi wrote: It is "I joined journalism in 1942. now an established practice with Reporting Mahatma Gandhi and my newspapers to depend for revenues tours with him were the best and mainly on advertisements rather than most memorable period of my on subscriptions. The result has been journalistic career. Gandhi himself deplorable. The very newspaper which was a journalist. During my tours writes against the drink evil publishes with him, he often told me how he advertisements in praise of drinks. In worked day and night to produce his the same issue, we read of the harmful journal 'Indian Opinion' in Natal, effects of tobacco as also from where to South Africa. He described 'Indian but it. Or we shall find the same issue of Opinion' as the most useful weapon a paper carrying a long advertisement in his struggle in South Africa. He always stressed for a certain play and denouncing that play as well. the importance of newspapers in educating the Medical advertisements are the largest source of people. Gandhi always believed and always revenue though they have done, and are still doing emphasized that the sole aim of journalism should incalculable harm to the people. These medical be service, service of the people and the country. advertisements almost wholly offset the services

In 'Young India' Gandhi once gave a rendered by the newspapers. I have been glimpse of the exacting code he ad set up for eyewitness to the harm done by them. Many himself. "To be true to my faith, I may not write in people are lured into buying harmful medicines. anger or malice. I may not write idly. I may not write Many of these promote immorality. Such merely to excite passion. The reader can have no advertisements find a place even in papers run to idea of the restraint I have to exercise from week to further the cause of religion. This practice has week in the choice of topics and my vocabulary. It come entirely from the West. No matter at what is training for me. It enables me to peek into myself cost or effort we must put an end to this and to make discoveries of my weaknesses. Often undesirable practice or at least reform. It is the my vanity dictates a smart expression or my anger duty of every newspaper to exercise some a harsh adjective. It is a terrible ordeal but a fine restraint in the matter of advertisements.exercise to remove these weeds." The sole aim of journalism should be Gandhi's canons of Journalism service.- M. K. Gandhi

Gandhi had been frequently writing on Today, when there is widespread concern various aspects of journalism. To him editorial over the growing influence of market forces on

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media, and regret over journalism being no longer personalities from all walks of life. Lord a social service, Gandhi's views on values of Mountbatten came to the Delhi station on 12 journalism bring to bear on the profession of February to pay his homage in a broadcast talk.journalism the force of ethics and morality. In this On the day of the funeral, Melville De context he had said, 'It is often observed that Mellow gave the marathon, almost ten hour long newspapers published any matter that they have, commentary, which in its moving description of the just to fill in space. The reason is that most crowds and the procession as it inched its way with newspapers have their eyes on profits...... There millions of people lining the route to the place are newspapers in the west which are so full of chosen for the last rites on the bank of the river trash that it will be a sin even to touch them. At Yamuna, seemed to articulate the whole nation's times, they produce bitterness and strife even grief and homage. It was a classic of broadcasting between different families and communities. Thus, at its best, and established De Mellow's fame as an newspapers cannot escape criticism merely outstanding commentator. It was De Mellow who because they serve the people.' The true function described the last anguished moments of the of journalism is to educate the public mind, not to funeral ceremony before returning to the studios.stock it with wanted and unwanted impressions. - The newspapers should be read for the M. K. Gandhi study of facts. They should not be allowed to kill

the habit of independent thinking. - M. K. GandhiGandhi and RadioMahatma Gandhi's speech during his visit The first and only time Gandhi visited the

to 'The Hindu' sums up his philosophy and vision of Broadcasting house, Delhi was on 12 journalism: I have, therefore, never been tired of November,1947, the Diwali Day. He arrived at the reiterating to journalists whim I know that Broadcasting House accompanied by Rajkumari journalism should never be prostituted for selfish Amrit Kaur. A report on this event published in the ends or for the sake of merely earning a livelihood issue of' 'The Indian Listener' of 22 February,1948, or, worse still, for amassing money. Journalism, to after Gandhi's death, said: "A special studio was be useful and serviceable to the country, will take fitted with the 'takhposh' (low wooden settee) its definite, its best for the service of the country which was daily used by him for his prayer meeting and, whatever happens the views of the country addresses at Birla House, Appropriately, the irrespective of consequences. I think that we have prayer meeting atmosphere was created in the in our midst the making of newspapers which can studio....... Gandhi was at first shy of the radio and do so.it was after much persuasion that he agreed to

Let us be clear in our minds that-to confine broadcast from the studios of AIR........ but the Gandhi to India and to view him as merely the moment he reached the studio he owned this great Indian national leader is to diminish his impersonal instrument as his own and said: "This greatness and personality. Gandhi belonged to the is a miraculous power. I see 'shakti', the whole world, the humanity at large. The Time miraculous power of God". According to the magazine, while chronicling the sweeping forces 'Hindustan Times' of 13th November, "He spoke and great events of the 20th century- catalogued for 20 minutes and his voice was exceptionally Gandhi as one of the greatest activists-who fought clear. His message was followed by recorded for change from outside the traditional halls of music of Vande Materam"power, who was bound to an abstract vision for The news of Gandhi's assassination on the which he would pay any price was life. The world evening of January 30, which had spread like wild that revered few men had revered Gandhi. fire in Delhi was flashed by foreign correspondents Although Gandhi died believing his lone voice was and news agencies all over the world within unheard- he was mistaken; the power of his minutes. That evening at 8-30 p.m. Prime Minister, message would endure to move men and nations Nehru whom Gandhi had called his heir in the for all times to come.freedom struggle, broadcast from the Delhi station

(The author is Former Professor and Course Director, a very moving talk which began with the oft quoted Haryana Agricultural University and Former Country words: "A light has gone out of our lives". Others

Representative Asian Media Information Centre (AMIC), who broadcast later were Sardar Patel, Sarojini Singapore.)Naidu and numerous leaders and prominent q

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Cover Story

Anu Bandopadhaya

andhi became a regular reader of newspapers after reaching England at the, age of 19. As a school student in India, he

did not read, them. He was very shy and could not speak in a gathering. At 21, he first wrote nine articles for The Vegetarian an English weekly, on vegetarianism, Indian food habits, customs and religious festivals. His earliest writings show his capacity for expressing any idea in simple direct language. After a gap of two years, Gandhi again took to journalism. From that time onwards his pen knew no rest till the end of his life. He never wrote anything only for creating an impression and carefully avoided exaggeration. His aim was to serve truth, to educate people and to be useful to his country.

On the third day of his arrival in South Africa he was insulted in a court of law. He published an account of this incident in a local paper and gained publicity overnight.

At the age of 35, he took charge of lndian Opinion and through it he guided and unified the Indians in South Africa. A Gujarati edition of this weekly was simultaneously printed at Phoenix. A series of articles on dietetics appeared in the Gujarati Indian Opinion, also the life sketches of

could form a true picture of the happenings in great men and women. Every issue of these South Africa. Among the distinguished readers weeklies contained articles by Gandhi. There was were Gokhale in India, Dadabhai Naoroji in an editor, but Gandhi bore the whole burden. He England and Tolstoy in Russia. For ten years wanted to educate the public opinion, to remove Gandhi worked hard for this weekly. He got two causes of misunderstanding between the whites hundred journals per week in exchange of Indian and the Indians and to point out the drawbacks of Opinion, read each one of them carefully and his countrymen. He poured out his soul in the reproduced such news as might benefit the columns of Indian Opinion and published detailed readers of Indian Opinion.account of the satyagraha struggle carried on in

Gandhi knew newspapers could become South Africa. From his writings overseas readers

M K Gandhi as Journalist

G

When he took charge of Indian Opinion, it was a losing concern and had a circulation of four hundred. For some months Gandhi had to contribute Rs. 1,200

per month to keep it going. Altogether he incurred a personal loss of Rs. 26,000. In spite of this heavy loss, he later decided to leave out all advertisements in order to

devote more space for his ideas.

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powerful medium for spreading ideas. He was a successful journalist but never intended to make a living from journalism. In his opinion the aim of journalism was service: "Journalism should never be prostituted for selfish ends or for the sake of carrying a livelihood. And whatever happens to the editors or the journal, it should express views of the country irrespective of consequences. They will have to strike a different line of policy if they wanted to penetrate into the hearts of the masses."

When he took charge of Indian Opinion, it was a losing concern and had a circulation of four hundred. For some months Gandhi had to contribute Rs. 1,200 per month to keep it going. Altogether he incurred a personal loss of Rs. 26,000. In spite of this heavy loss, he later decided to leave out all advertisements in order to devote more space for his ideas. He knew that he would not be able to serve truth and remain independent if he accepted advertisements. He never cared to increase the sale of his journals through improper means, nor to compete-with other newspapers.

In India too, he stuck to this tradition and for 30 years published his journals :without any advertisement. He suggested that for each province, there should be only one advertising medium printing decent descriptions of things useful to the people. After accepting the editorship of Young India, he was keen on conducting a Gujarati paper because a vernacular paper was a felt want. Editing a newspaper in English was no

new feature of the weeklies was the publication of joy to him. He brought out Navajivan, the Hindi and

his autobiography in a serial form. It continued for Gujarati version of Young India, and contributed

three years and created world-wide interest. He many articles regularly. He was proud to say that

allowed almost all the Indian papers to reproduce many readers of Navajivan were the farmers and

his life-story. While in jail, he started another workers who really made India.

weekly Harijan. Like Young India this too was Under heavy pressure of work he had to priced one anna. It was mainly devoted to serve

write a lot and had to work late at night or in the the untouchables. For years it did not contain any early hours of the morning. He often wrote on a article on politics. It was first brought out in Hindi. running train. Some of his famous statements or Gandhi was permitted to write thrice a week from editorials bore the mark "on the train". When his jail. Regarding the proposal for an English edition, right hand got tired, he wrote with the left. His left- he wrote to a friend: "I would warn you against hand writing was more legible. Even while issuing the English edition unless it is properly got convalescing he wrote three to four articles every up, contains readable material and translations week. are accurate. It would be much better to be

In India he did not run any paper on loss. satisfied with the Hindi edition only than to have an Both his English and Indian language papers indifferently edited English weekly. I shall not reached a circulation of 40,000. When he was handle the paper except to make it self-jailed, the circulation dropped down to 3,000. After supporting." He proposed to bring out 10,000 his release from the first imprisonment in India, a copies in the beginning and give it a trial of three

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months. In two months' time, it became self- his own press at Ahmedabad. The issue was supporting. Later it became a very popular views- brought out in time. Gandhi was first jailed in India paper. People read it not for amusement but for for his bold articles printed in Young India. He instructions. It was published in English, Hindi, never submitted to any gagging order issued by Urdu, Tamil, Telugu, Ooriya, Marathi, Gujarati, the Government. When he was not allowed to Kannada and Bengalee. Gandhi wrote articles in express his deepest thoughts, he stopped writing. Hindi, Urdu, Gujarati and English.Gandhi journals He was confident that he could any-day persuade never had any sensational topics. He untiringly his readers to copy his editorials for him and wrote on constructive work, satyagraha, circulate the news. He knew his paper could be nonviolence, diet, nature-cure, Hindu-Muslim suppressed but not its message, so long as he unity, untouchability, spinning, khadi, swadeshi, lived. By not caring for the aid of printing-room and village industries and prohibition. He stressed the compositor's stick, the hand-written paper, he need of re-orientation of education and food habits assured, could be a heroic remedy for heroic and was a severe critic of national defects. times. Gandhi published an unregistered weekly

Satyagraha in 1919, defying the Government He was a hard task-master. His secretary, orders. This one-sheet weekly was sold for one Mahadev Desai, had to seek shelter in the lavatory pice.Himself being a journalist of many years from the crowded railway compartment and standing, he spoke with authority on the traditions complete his work in time. Gandhi's assistants had of good journalism: "The newspaperman has to know all corresponding railway timings and become a walking plague. Newspapers are fast postal clearance hours for a timely despatch of becoming the people's Bible, Koran and Gita rolled written matter for publication. Once the train in one. A newspaper predicts that riots are coming carrying Gandhi and his articles written on it was and all the sticks and knives in Delhi have been running late and there was no time for sending sold out. A journalist's duty is to teach people to be them by post. The English articles were sent by a brave, not to instill fear into them." messenger and were printed in Bombay instead of q

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Cover Story

Mrinal Chatterjee

characteristic feature of early Gujarati journalism was the interest shown in commercial news, marketing and

trading. The earliest Gujarati journal was a weekly, Mumbaina Samachar, founded by Parsi priest Furdonji Murzban in Bombay in 1822 with 150 subscribers – a promising start for those days. Its main object was stated to be to publish market rates and serve the business community. Unlike many other newspapers of the period, it had “a full-fledged printing press complete with types”1. It was converted into a daily and renamed Bombay Samachar in 1832.

In 1830, the Mumbai Vartman was launched by Naoroji Dorabji Chandaru. After a year, it developed into a bi-weekly with the extended title of Mumbaina Halkaru Ane Vartaman. It remained in publication for 13 years, and closed down in 1843. Jam-e-Jamshed, a weekly, was published by

newspaper, Bombay Samachar, started with an Pestonji Manekji in 1831. It became a daily in 1853 up-to-date printing press; the Vartaman was and was popular among the Parsis. Other lithographed. The newspapers of each community newspapers which came out between 1832 and took up the question of reform within that 1854 included Doorbin, Mombaina Kasud, community. Bombay Samachar, however was an Samachar Durpan, Chitranjan Darpan and exception, which opened its doors to everyone Chabuk; none could exist beyond 1856.without distinction.Interestingly, an English magistrate, Sir

Forbes also promoted a bi-weekly Surat Alexander Kinlock Forbes, took a leading role in Samachar, in Surat in 1850 which, however, had the development of Gujarati journalism in only a brief existence. Surat had a journal devoted Ahmedabad and Surat. He helped the Gujarat to prohibition, the Parhejhgar. In 1854, Lallubhai Vernacular Society of Ahmedabad to launch the Raichand started the Shamasher Bahadur in Vartaman in 1849. It was edited by an employee of Ahmedabad. Dadabhai Naroji's started Rast Gofar the society. Another interesting aspect about early (which means truth-speaker) in1851, whose Gujarati journalism was: it was divided in two mission was to work for social reform. It continued sections, Hindu and Parsi. The first Parsi publication till 1921.

History of Gujrati Journalism

A

Among other distinguished journalists were Lchcharam Suryarm Desai, Sarabji Kapadia, Natwarlal I. Desai Ravishankar Mehta, K. M. Munshi and Kapilraj Mehta.

Ahmedabad had no Gujarati daily paper till 1921. The first Gujarati daily from Ahmedabad was Swarajya with Nandilal Bodiwala as editor but it did not live for

long. Bodiwala started an evening paper, Sandesh, with which Ahmedabad Samachar, a rival, was merged later.

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The Hitechu was the first Gujarati daily. It and a literary magazine, Kavita.was started as a bi-weekly in 1861; it was Among other distinguished journalists converted into a daily in 1873. It rendered great were Lchcharam Suryarm Desai, Sarabji Kapadia, public service during the 40 years of its life. The Natwarlal I. Desai Ravishankar Mehta, K. M. Gujarati press was divided into the Hindu and Munshi and Kapilraj Mehta. Ahmedabad had no Parsi sections and there was no love lost between Gujarati daily paper till 1921. The first Gujarati the two. Anxious to stem the rot which had set in, daily from Ahmedabad was Swarajya with Nandilal some adventurous young men started papers with Bodiwala as editor but it did not live for long. high ideals and principles; one of them was Bodiwala started an evening paper, Sandesh, with Prajabandhu, which was first published in 1895. which Ahmedabad Samachar, a rival, was merged Also belonging to this category was Gujarati later. It became a morning daily in 1943. By 1958, Punch. The Kheda Vartman, a weekly, started in Chimanbhai Patel was at the helm of affairs. His Kaira in 1861, celebrated its contenary in 1961. unique contribution to journalism was the Sunday The Sanj Varman of Bombay (1902) was an Sanskar Poorti in Gujarati, which included many influential evening paper. Sorabji Palonji Kapadia celebrities as columnists. He thus pioneered was the editor of Sanj Varman for a long time. It Sunday supplements in Gujarati journalism. Until stopped publication in 1950. 1984, Sandesh was a single-edition newspaper

As Gandhi's birthplace and the scene of published from Ahmedabad. Then, under an the celebrated Salt March of 1930, Gujarat expansion programme, new editions were generated a press even more influenced by launched in Baroda, Surat, Rajkot and Bhavnagar nationalist causes than elsewhere. Gandhi took in 1985, 1989, 1990 and 1998, respectively.over the Navjivan from Indulal Yajnik and Another group which published a number converted it from a monthly into a weekly from of Gujarati papers is Lok Prakashan. It had several Ahmadabad in 1919 at the time he broke into publications including the Gujarat Samachar3, a India's national politics. Navjivan had great daily initially published from Ahmedabad in late influence on Gujarati journalism. In 1919, its 1940s; weekly Prajabandhu and evening daily circulation was 9000 and the following year it Loknad.jumped to 20000. It was renamed Harijan Bandhu Gujarat did not have an English daily for a in 1932 and Chandrasekhar Premshankar Shukla long time after Independence until the national became its editor. It stopped publication in 1940 dailies, Times of India and the Indian Express, and after revival in 1946 continued for two years. brought out their editions from Ahmedabad. The Gujarati press played a significant part in the Another interesting feature of Gujarati journalism freedom struggle and lent powerful support to was: until the creation of a separate state of Gandhi in the non-cooperation and constructive Gujarat in 1960, Mumbai was as much a centre of programmes. Gujarati publications as Ahmedabad. Indeed, in

Among the doyens in Gujarati journalism, the early 1960s, the largest Gujarati daily mention must be made of Amritlal Seth, who newspaper Bombay Samachar continued to be formed the Saurashtra Trust in 1931 and launched published from Mumbai. After the state of Gujarat the Gujarati Daily Janmabhoomi on 9th June 1934 was created, however, the focus of Gujarati life in Bombay. Samaldas Gandhi, another great turned increasingly towards Ahmedabad and the name, was its editor. Samaldas Gandhi and his provincial towns of the new state.associates left Janmabhoomi after some time and At the end of 1984, there were 43 dailies in started Vande Mataram and a war of words Gujarati out of a total of 735 publications. By 2007-developed between the two papers. Amritlal Seth 08, according to the figures given by the Registrar founded the Indian Languages Newspapers of Newspaper of India, the number of publications Association and organised a cooperative society went up to 3005, of which 220 were dailies and to help finance needy Gujarati papers. 1410 were weeklies. According to the Indian Janmabhoomi grew into a media group2 which by Readership Survey 2011 Q2, the five most read 2011 published several publications including Gujarati dailies were Gujarat Samachar Pravasi Weekly, Vyapar, Phulchhab, Kutchmitra, (readership: 44.44 lakh)4, Divya Bhaskar5 (35.36

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l a k h ) , G u j a r a t Sandesh6 (33.29 lakh), Saurashtra Samachar7 (2.3 lakh) and Gujarat Mitra8 (1.76 lakh).Radio

By mid 2011, there were about 10 A l l Ind ia Rad io stations, a dozen private FM stations, 4 campus radio stations and one community radio stations in Gujarat. Among the private FM stations were Radio City, Red FM, My FM, Radio One and Big FM. Among the campus radio s t a t i o n s w e r e Micavaani (Mudra I n s t i t u t e o f Communications, A h m e d a b a d ) ,

Gujarat Chief Minister Narendra Modi) was Gujarat University Community Radio, Ahmadabad

launched on October 4, 2012 a day after the and Vallabh Vidyanagar Campus Radio run by A.J.

announcement of the assembly election schedule Kidwai Mass Comunication and Research Centre,

in the state, only to be shut the next day, pending Sardar Patel University, Anand. Among the

clearances. Next week, the poll panel cleared the community radio stations were Rudi no Radio (Self

channel to go on air but put certain conditions to Employed Women's Association / SEWA) in

monitor political advertisements and possible paid Sanand.

news during the election period. As per media Television reports,10 for the network, the BJP has partnered

Gujarat was the first state in India where with five local Gujarati satellite channels which will the rural high frequency TV transmitter was broadcast the same content.established in 1975 at village Pij of Kheda District. New MediaA 2011 report showed Gujarat having 4-5 million

By end-2012, almost all the leading C&S (Cable and Satellite) homes. Like in other

newspapers and television channels of Gujarat states, it was Doordarshan which brought

had websites. Several newspapers were available television to Gujarat. At present, besides the

on the Internet in e-paper format. Several service channels of Doordarshan (DD Girnar, DD

providers were disseminating news on the mobile Gujarat), several private news channels have

platform. There were many Gujarat-centric and cropped up in Gujarat. Among them are ETV

Gujarati community centric websites to cater to the Gujarati, P7 News, TV 9 Gujarati, Bizz News,

large Gujarati Diaspora spread all over the world.VTV9, Sandesh News, et al. Gujarat Samachar

(The author, a journalist-turnedmedia academician, launched GSTV News & Views Channel, a 24X7 presently heads the Eastern India campus of the Indian news and current affairs channel in Gujarati with a Institute of Mass Communication located in Dhenkanal,

Odisha)mix of Hindi on December 2012. NaMo TV, an initiative of Gujarat BJP (apparently named after

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ijojfnxkj fudyk] ysfdu ;g dsoy 'kjkccanh ds lhfer mís'; ls O;fä;ksa dh daiuh ds gkFk esa ;g i=k pyk x;kA o"kZ 1877 ls fudkyk x;kA blh o"kZ ̂ lwjr lekpkj* rFkk 1855 esa ̂ Kku nhid* eaNkjke ?ksykHkkbZ blds ekfyd cusA 23 o"kZ ds lQy lapkyu esa dk izdk'ku 'kq: gqvkA bl e/; eqacbZ esa 1855 esa djlunkl LokfeRo cnyrk jgkA o"kZ 1920 esa mÙkejke mesnjk; js'keokyk us ewyth us ̂ lR; izdk'k* fudkyk vkSj 1897 esa yYywHkkbZ jk;pan us ;g i=k [kjhn fy;kA buds fu/ku ds ckn buds iq=k paidyky ^'ke'ksj cgknqj* dh 'kq#vkr dhA o"kZ 1860 esa vgenkckn ls laiknd cusA 29 uoacj 1936 ls ;g i=k nSfud gks x;kA 1937 esa ^vgenkckn lekpkj* ¼tks ckn esa oMksnjk oRly esa fey x;k½] paidyky ds fu/ku ds i'pkr muds HkkbZ izoh.kdkar mÙkejke 1861 esa Hk:p ls ^Hk#p orZeku*] 1864 esa jktdksV ls js'keokyk blds laiknd cus vkSj mUgksaus dM+k ifjJe dj ̂ xqtjkr ^dkfB;kokM+ lekpkj* ,oa 1878 esa ̂ Lora=krk*] 1882 esa yheM+h ls fe=k* dks nf{k.k xqtjkr ds vfxze lekpkj i=kksa dh Js.kh esa igys ^lqcks/k izdk'k* ,oa 1885 esa egqvk ls ̂ Lons'k ca/kq* fudykA LFkku ij igqapk fn;kA

[ksM+k ftys dh iztk dh lsok djus ds mís'; ls dgkunkl ^eqacbZ lekpkj* ds fodkl esa egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk fuHkkus Qwypan 'ksB us 1 tuojh 1861 esa ̂ [ksM+k orZeku* ¼lkIrkfgd½ dh okys ehukpsj gkseth us 12 uoacj 1874 dks turk dh detksfj;ksa 'kq#vkr dh] tks vkt 153 o"kZ ls vf/kd dk gks x;k gSA nf{k.k ,oa lkekftd dqjhfr;ksa ij dVk{k djrk ̂ nkrjMq* uked lkIrkfgd xqtjkr ds lwjr 'kgj ls ^lwjr lekpkj* 1850 esa fudykA blds 'kq: fd;k] tks 25 o"kZ rd pydj 1899 esa can gks x;kA ,jon ckn 1860&61 esa lwjr ls gh ̂ nslh fe=k* vkSj 13 flracj 1863 dks egsjthHkkbZ tks fd o"kZ 1898 ls 1915 rd eqacbZ lekpkj ds fnu'kk vjns'kj rkfy;kj [kku us ̂ lwjr fe=k* fudkyk tks ,d o"kZ laiknd jgs] us blls vyx gksdj ̂lR; fe=k* uked lkIrkfgd 'kq: ckn ̂ xqtjkr fe=k* cu x;kA ̂ xqtjkr fe=k* esa vaxzsth 'kkldksa ,oa fd;k] ysfdu ;g vf/kd le; ugha py ldkA blh rjg ghjth nslh jkT;ksa }kjk turk ij fd, tk jgs vR;kpkjksa ds f[kykQ rh[kh csgsfnu dk ̂d;ljs fgan* Hkh dqN gh le; py ldkA 19oha lnh ds fVIif.k;ka gqvk djrh FkhA o"kZ 1870 esa eaNkjke ?ksykHkkbZ vkfn 14 mÙkjk/kZ esa tyh tkx`fr dh iqjkuh e'kky vHkh Hkh ty jgh gSA buesa

40


ls 1861 dk ̂ [ksM+k orZeku*] 1863 dk ̂ lwjr fe=k* vkt ̂ xqtjkr ^lka> orZeku* ij iM+kA xqtjkrh i=kdkjksa ds fy, izf'k{k.k Ldwy fe=k* ds :i esa] 1879 dk ̂ Hk#p lekpkj* ,oa 1888 esa jktdksV ls dk dk;Z Hkh ̂ fganqLrku* us gh fd;kA o"kZ 1919 esa egkRek xka/kh us 'kq: gqvk ̂dkfB;kokM+ VkbEl* vkt Hkh thfor gSA bls xqtjkrh vkSj fganh esa lkIrkfgd :i esa izdkf'kr fd;kA ckn esa

cM+kSnk esa lwjr dh vis{kk i=kdkfjrk dh 'kq#vkr nsj ls xka/khth us ̂ gfjtu* ca/kq Hkh fudkykA ̂ uothou* dh izlkj la[;k gqbZA vk/kqfud dgs tk ldus okys nSfudksa dh 'kq#vkr xqtjkr esa ,d yk[k ls Åij pyh xbZA ^fganqLrku* ûothou* ds eqdkcys dkQh nsj ls gqbZA o"kZ 1923 esa uanyky cksM+hokyk us ̂ nSfud lans'k* [kM+k ugha jg ldk] varr% can gks x;kA mÙkj xqtjkr esa ̂ iztkca/kq* dh 'kq:vkr dh tks vk/kqfud i=k gSA cksM+hokyk us blds nks o"kZ lkIrkfgd us lekpkjksa ds vykok Hkk"kk] lkfgR; dh mEnk lsok dj igys 1921 esa ̂ LojkT;* uke v[kckj fudkyk Fkk] ysfdu ;g dqN xqtjkr fuekZ.k vkSj lqlaLdkj iznku djus esa egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk vnk gh le; esa ne rksM+ x;kA blh le; lwjr ls ^lekpkj*] dhA ckn esa ;g ^xqtjkr lekpkj* nSfud ds izkjaHk gksus ij mlesa vgenkckn ls ^vgenkckn lekpkj*] ^xqtjkr VkbEl*] lwjr ls foyhu gks x;kA ^xqtjkr iap*] ^l;kth fot;* us Hkh xqtjkrh îzrki* lHkh nSfud 'kq: gq, tks ckn esa vius&vius dkj.kksa ls can i=kdkfjrk esa vikj ;ksxnku fn;kAgks x,A bl rjg êqacbZ lekpkj* ds ckn eqacbZ ,oa xqtjkr ls lkSjk"Vª ds dLcs jk.kiqj ls ve`ryky nyirHkkbZ 'ksB us i;kZIr lekpkj i=k fudys] ysfdu 1857 esa vktknh dh izFke Økafr ^lkSjk"Vª* lkIrkfgd 'kq: fd;k tks v[kckjksa esa Hkk"kk ds u, :i ,oa gksus rd ̂ eqacbZ lekpkj* ,oa ̂ tke&,&te'ksn* ds vykok Lora=krk rh[ks ys[ku ds fy, izfl) gqvkA fj;klrh iztk dks nksgjh xqykeh lsukuh nknkHkkbZ ukSjksth }kjk LFkkfir ̂ jkLr xkQsrkj* gh vfLrRo esa ds le{k vkanksyu NsM+us ds fy, izksRlkfgr djus ds vykok lkfgR; FkkA ̂ jkLr xkQsrkj* 1921 rd izdkf'kr gksrk jgkA egku oS".ko ds {ks=k esa Hkh vuwBk jgkA blds can gks tkus ij ve`ryky 'ksB us lq/kkjd djlunkl ewyth us ^lR; izdk'k* fudkyk vkSj ^jkLr 1921 esa ̂ QwyNkc* ds uke ls lkIrkfgd 'kq: fd;kA ̂QwyNkc* o"kZ xkQsrkj* la;qDr :i ls fudkykA ml ;qx esa bu nksuksa i=kksa dks 1950 esa jk.kiqj ls jktdksV vk x;k vkSj blus nSfud lekpkj i=k lekt lq/kkjd ds :i esa Hkkjh [;kfr feyhA dk Lo:i ys fy;kA 'ksB us eqacbZ esa o"kZ 1930 esa lkSjk"Vª VªLV dk

lwjr esa dfo ueZn ds ^nkafM;ks* ds vykok ^ns'kh fe=k*] xBu fd;kA blds ckn VªLV us 9 twu 1934 dks eqacbZ ls ̂ tUeHkwfe* ^Lora=krk* us xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk txr esa vfeV Nki NksM+h gSA lekpkj i=k 'kq: fd;kA VªLV us îzoklh* Hkh fudkyk] tks ckn esa ^Lora=krk* ekfld bPNkjke lw;Zjke nslkbZ us fudkyk tks fd can gks x;kA blh rjg lwjr ls vkjaHk gqvk ̂ izrki* Hkh vkxs pydj xqtjkrh dk iqjksxkeh FkkA blesa Lora=k :i ls ljdkj ds f[kykQ can gks x;kA lkSjk"Vª VªLV dks gh Hkkjr dk igyk iw.kZ vkfFkZd fVIif.k;ka gksrh FkhaA 'kkld oxZ us bl v[kckj dks {kfr igqapkus dk lekpkj i=k Ô;kikj* vkjaHk djus dk Js; gS tks vc v/kZ iz;Ru fd;k] ijarq foQyrk gh gkFk yxhA ysfdu lexz xqtjkrh lkIrkfgd gSA ̂ O;kikj* fganh Hkk"kk esa Hkh lkIrkfgd :i ls izdkf'kr i=kdkfjrk ij [kqn gh izcy Nki 1880 esa 'kq: gq, xqtjkrh us gksrk gSA blds vykok Hkqt ls izdkf'kr gksus okyk izkr%dkyhu NksM+hA bPNkjke lw;Zjke nslkbZ vkSj muds iq=kksa us xqtjkrh }kjk nSfud ^dPN fe=k* Hkh lkSjk"Vª VªLV dk gh ,d izdk'ku gSA vU; xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk ds fodkl] lkfgR; ,oa Hkk"kk ds fodkl esa izdk'ku xqtjkrh Hkk"kk esa izdkf'kr ̂ dfork* if=kdk ,oa ̂ tUeHkwfe mYys[kuh; ;ksxnku fn;kA bl i=k dk izdk'ku 1953 esa can gqvkA T;ksfr"k iapkax* xqtjkrh ,oa fganh gSA xqtjkrh esa nSfud vkfFkZd vius thou dh 'kke esa bldh yksdfiz;rk dkQh ?kV xbZ FkhA v[kckj ̂Qkbusaf'k;y VkbEl*] ̂ bdkukWfed VkbEl* vkSj ̂deksfMVh ysfdu vxj ;g dgk tk, fd o"kZ 1920&21 rd ;g i=k xqtjkrh oYMZ* gSaAi=kdkfjrk ds {ks=k esa cqyafn;ksa ij Fkk rks dksbZ vfr';ksfä ugha ^tUeHkwfe* ds izdk'ku ds lkr o"kZ ckn 'kkeynkl xka/kh gksxhA bPNkjke lw;Zjke nslkbZ ,oa muds iq=k ef.kyky bPNkjke us ̂ oansekrje* 'kq: fd;kA 13 o"kZ dh vk;q esa bl i=k us xqtjkrh nslkbZ nksuksa ds uke i=kdkfjrk txr esa vfeV jgsaxsA i=kdkfjrk dk ,d lqugjk bfrgkl jpkA o"kZ 1948 esa fla/k ls vk,

xqtjkrh Hkk"kk ds lka/; lekpkj i=k ds :i esa 1902 esa tqxrjke vkj- jkoy us jktdksV ls ̂Jhuwru lkSjk"Vª* uked i=k dh ^lka> orZeku* izkjaHk gqvk] tks ikap&lk<+s ikap n'kd ds vius thou 'kq#vkr dhA 12 ekpZ 1948 dks ujksÙkenkl ¼ckcwHkkbZ½ 'kkg us ds nkSjku dkQh yksdfiz; jgkA ysfdu j.kNksM+nkl yksVokyk us jktdksV ls ^t;fgan* uked lekpkj i=k flysaMj e'khu ij ^v[kckjs lkSnkxj* i=k [kjhn dj mldks ̂ fganqLrku* uke ls lka/; fudkykA ;g lkSjk"Vª dk izFke iw.kZ xqtjkrh nSfud FkkA o"kZ 1962 i=k ds :i esa 1913 ls 'kq: fd;k vkSj bldk gh izfrdwy vlj esa bl lekpkj i=k us viuk vgenkckn laLdj.k fudky dj

foe'kZehfM;k

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tuojh&ekpZ 2015

xqtjkr dk igyk ,slk nSfud i=k cuus dk xkSjo izkIr fd;k ftlds ratkfu;k½] yanu vkSj U;w;kdZ ls fudyrs gSaA xqtjkrh ikBdksa esa /keZ ,d lkFk nks txg ls laLdj.k fudyrs FksA o"kZ 1970 esa Lo;apkfyr vkSj n'kZu laca/kh if=kdkvksa ds izfr fo'ks"k izse gSA blds ckn nwljk dEiksftax i)fr ds fy, bl i=k us viuk izfrfuf/k baXySaM Hkstk LFkku efgykvksa dh #fp okyh if=kdkvksa dk gSA xqtjkrh dh izeq[k ftlus rhu o"kksaZ dh dM+h esgur ls xqtjkrh v{kjksa dk Vkbi rS;kj yksdfiz; if=kdk,a ̂ fp=kys[kk*] ̂ vfHk;ku*] ̂ L=kh*] ̂ tykjke T;ksr*] djok;k vkSj ;g Hkkjrh; i=kdkfjrk txr esa ,d Hkkjh lQyrk êgkizHkq n'kZu*] ̂v[kaM vkuan* gSaAFkhA xqtjkrh Hkk"kk ds ckn gh fganh ds Vkbi rS;kj gq, FksA jktdksV vkt eqacbZ ls êqacbZ lekpkj*] ^fnO; HkkLdj*] ^lans'k*] Hkkjr dk izFke ,slk 'kgj gS tgka ls {ks=kh; Hkk"kk ds nks lka;dkyhu ^xqtjkr lekpkj* eq[; izkr%dkyhu nSfud fudyrs gSaA blds lekpkj i=k ^vfdyk* ,oa ^lka> lekpkj* fudysA ;gka ls vc vykok eqacbZ ls nks xqtjkrh lka/;dkyhu ̂ tUeHkwfe* vkSj ̂ feM&Ms* ^vktdy*] ̂vktrd*] ̂lkSjk"Vª vklikl* lka;dkyhu Hkh izdkf'kr Hkh izdkf'kr gksrs gSaA igys ê/;karj* vkSj ^lekarj* uked gks jgs gSaA ̂ t;fgan* us vius 'kq#vkrh fnuksa esa dqN le; ds fy, lka/;dkyhu izdkf'kr gksrs Fks ysfdu ;s nksuksa can gks pqds gSaA blh ^bafM;u fizaVj* lkef;d i=k Hkh fudkyk FkkA tkeuxj ls rjg] xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk esa ,d tekus esa rgydk epkus okyk lka;dkyhu esa ̂ Hkwfe*] ̂ ukScr*] ̂ [kcj* vkSj ̂ vktdy* izdkf'kr gks nSfud ^ledkyhu* bafM;u ,Dlizsl lewg us 'kq: fd;k FkkA ;g jgs gSaA jktdksV ls 7 uoacj 1864 dks lkSjk"Vª dk igyk lkIrkfgd v[kckj 14 tuojh 1984 dks 'kq: gqvk vkSj 2004 esa can gks x;kA ^dkfB;kokM+ lekpkj* 'kq: gqvk Fkk] ysfdu ;g vf/kd le; ftank blds laiknd gleq[k xka/kh dks vkt Hkh ;kn fd;k tkrk gSA blh u jg ldkA lkSjk"Vª dk izFke nh?kZthoh ,oa O;ofLFkr i=k ̂ lkSjk"Vª rjg bafM;u ,Dlizsl lewg dk xqtjkr ls izdkf'kr gksus okyk nwljk niZ.k* dks dgk tkrk gSA ;g 1865 esa 'kq: gqvk vkSj yxHkx 25 o"kZ xqtjkrh lekpkj i=k ̂tulÙkk&yksdlÙkk* Hkh can gqvkArd fudykA vgenkckn ds izeq[k lka/;dkyhu v[kckj êsVªks* vkSj

nwljh vksj] lkSjk"Vª dk izFke lekpkj i=k nsus dk nkok ôsLVuZ VkbEl* gSaA xqtjkr esa ^xqtjkr lekpkj*] ^lans'k*] ^fnO; Hkkouxj 'kgj djrk gSA bl 'kgj ls êuksjatd jRueky* dk HkkLdj*] ^xqtjkr fe=k&niZ.k*] ^QwyNkc*] ^t;fgan*] ^leHkko*] izdk'ku gqvk ysfdu ;g yxHkx nl vad ds ckn gh can gks x;k îzHkkr* ,oa Hkqt ls izdkf'kr ̂ dPN fe=k* izeq[k gSaA e/; izns'k ds vkSj blds izdk'ku ds o"kZ ds ckjs esa fLFkfr Li"V ugha gSA fganh lekpkj i=k us {ks=kh; Hkk"kkvksa esa viuh foLrkj ;kstuk ds

fo'o ds fodflr ns'kksa dh rqyuk esa Hkkjrh; ,oa xqtjkrh rgr vgenkckn ls 22 twu 2003 dks ̂ fnO; HkkLdj* dh 'kq#vkr i=kdkfjrk dk fodkl fo'ks"k ljkguh; ugha gS ,oa bl lR;rk dks dh tks vc jkT; ds vusd 'kgjksa ls izdkf'kr gks jgk gSA xqtjkr ds utjvankt fd;k tk, ;g Hkh mfpr ugha gSA ysfdu 192 o"khZ; dPN {ks=k dk igyk lekpkj i=k 26 twu 1873 dks izkjaHk gqvk vkSj xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk ds bfrgkl dks lkeus j[kk tk, rks xqtjkrh bldk uke ^dPN njckjh tkgsj [kcj* FkkA ckn esa bldk uke i=kdkfjrk us vktknh ds ckn dh vof/k esa mYys[kuh; fodkl cnydj ^dPN jkT; i=k* gks x;k tks vktknh rd pkyw jgkA fd;k gSA 31 ekpZ 1946 ds miyC/k vkadM+ksa ds vuqlkj eqacbZ {ks=k xqtjkrh Hkk"kk esa vkt vusd NksVs&cM+s lekpkj i=k fudy jgs gSaA ¼ftlesa xqtjkr] lkSjk"Vª] dPN 'kkfey Fkk½ ls xqtjkrh Hkk"kk ds 29 gj o"kZ dqN u, v[kckj fudyrs gSa rks dqN iqjkus vkSj u, can gks nSfud] 78 lkIrkfgd vkSj 12 ikf{kd ;kuh dqy 119 i=k izdkf'kr tkrs gSa] ysfdu 192 o"kZ iqjkuh xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk fodkl ds iFk gksrs Fks ftudh la[;k vkt dbZ xquk T;knk gSA vkt xqtjkrh ij c<+ jgh gSA

¼ys[kd deksfMVh daVªksy MkWV dke] eqEcbZ ds laiknd gSaA½lekpkj i=k ,f'k;k ¼Hkkjr ,oa ikfdLrku½] vÝhdk ¼dsU;k ,oa

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lwjr esa dfo ueZn ds ^nkafM;ks* ds vykok ^ns'kh fe=k*] ^Lora=krk* us xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk txr esa vfeV Nki NksM+h gSA ^Lora=krk* ekfld bPNkjke lw;Zjke nslkbZ us fudkyk tks fd xqtjkrh dk iqjksxkeh FkkA blesa Lora=k :i ls ljdkj ds f[kykQ fVIif.k;ka gksrh FkhaA 'kkld oxZ us bl v[kckj dks {kfr igqapkus dk iz;Ru fd;k] ijarq foQyrk gh gkFk yxhA

ysfdu lexz xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk ij [kqn gh izcy Nki 1880 esa 'kq: gq, xqtjkrh us NksM+hA

Lof.kZe v/;k;dkSf'kd esgrk

jk"Vª viuh HkkSxksfyd jpuk ,oa laLd`fr dh otg ls 'ks"k gqvkA 1897 esa ;g lkSjk"Vª dk igyk nSfud cuk ,oa bldk vaxzsth xqtjkr ls vyx fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA larksa vkSj ohjksa dh Hkwfe ds laLdj.k Hkh 'kq: gqvkA ysfdu ̂ lkSjk"Vª* us lkSjk"Vª ds lekt ij tks

:i esa fo[;kr lkSjk"Vª dh Hkwfe ij i=kdkfjrk Hkh tjk gV ds gSA viuh Nki NksM+h ;g vdYiuh; gSA igys ;g nSfud Fkk vkSj lkSjk"Vª dh i=kdkfjrk 250 o"kZ iqjkuh ekuh tkrh gSA 1857 dh VscykW;M vkdkj esa izdkf'kr gksrk FkkA jk"Vªh; 'kk;j tosjpan Økafr ds ckn lkB ds n'kd esa ;gka v[kckj dh 'kq#vkr gqbZA 1864 es?kk.kh ds bl lekpkj i=k ls tqM+us ds ckn ;g vkSj f[ky mBkA bl esa ̂ dkfB;kokM+ VkbEl* jktdksV ls vkjaHk gqvkA blds ckn twukx<+ lekpkj i=k esa jktk&jtokM+ksa ds f[kykQ rks [kcjsa izdkf'kr gksrh gh ls ̂ lkSjk"Vª niZ.k* dh 'kq#vkr gqbZA rc ls ysdj vkt rd lkSjk"Vª Fkh lkFk gh lkfgR; vkSj f'k{kk txr ds ys[k Hkh [kwc izdkf'kr gksrs dh i=kdkfjrk esa [kklk cnyko vk;k gSA FksA ̂ lkSjk"Vª* dsoy v[kckj ugha Fkk cfYd yksd laLFkk FkkA jk.kiqj

'kq#vkr esa ;gka dh i=kdkfjrk lkfgR; ds jax esa jaxh gqbZ esa bl v[kckj ds dk;kZy; esa vusd yksxksa us lR;kxzg dh rS;kjh FkhA ysfdu 1921 esa jk.kiqj ls ve`ryky 'ksB us ^lkSjk"Vª* dh dhA 1931 esa ;g lekpkj i=k can gqvk D;ksafd bls pykus okys 'kq#vkr dh] rc ls orZeku v[kckjksa dk nkSj 'kq: gqvkA lHkh vktknh dh yM+kbZ esa tsy pys x,A ckn esa 1932 esa ̂ lkSjk"Vª*] jktk&jtokM+ksa ds tqYe ds f[kykQ vkokt mBkus ds fy, bl ^QwyNkc* ds uke ls 'kq: gqvkA 1950 esa ;g v[kckj jktdksV v[kckj dks 'kq: fd;k x;kA bl v[kckj ij vusd jkT;ksa esa vk;k vkSj lkSjk"Vª VªLV us bls laHkkykA ;g VªLV vkt ns'k esa nks izfrca/k yknk x;kA jktkvksa ds tqYe vkSj muds Hkksx foykl dh v[kckj pyk jgk gSA ̂ QwyNkc* us lkSjk"Vª ds tu thou ij xgjh fQtwy [kphZ ds f[kykQ bl v[kckj us ;q) NsM+ fn;k FkkA yksxksa ls Nki NksM+h gSA ^QwyNkc* ds vykok jktdksV ls ^t;fgan* vkSj pans ds :i esa feys 25 gtkj #i;s ls bl v[kckj dh uhao j[kh xbZ ^tulÙkk* 'kq: gq,A ;s nksuksa v[kckj dkQh vPNs pysA lkSjk"Vª esa ,oa vke turk ds fy, i=kdkfjrk ds fl)kar dk vkt rd ikyu ^QwyNkc* lfgr ;s rhu v[kckjksa dh f=kiqVh dk opZLo yacs le; fd;k tk jgk gSA ̂ lkSjk"Vª* ckn esa ̂ jks'kuh* ds uke ls fudkyk x;k rd jgkA bu rhuksa v[kckjksa us /kwi&Nk;k ns[kh gSA ̂ tulÙkk* dqN tks vkxs pydj ̂ QwyNkc* cu x;kA ̂ QwyNkc* dks 94 o"kZ gks x, o"kZ igys can gks x;k tcfd ^t;fgan* detksj iM+k gSA dqN o"kZ gSa vkSj bls lkSjk"Vª dk izeq[k v[kckj ,oa lkSjk"Vª dh fopkj/kkjk igys HkkLdj lewg us Hkkouxj ls izdkf'kr ^lkSjk"Vª lekpkj* dks ekuk tkrk gSA xykdkV izfrLi/kkZ ds tekus esa Hkh ^QwyNkc* us [kjhn fy;k FkkA 1980 ds n'kd esa vgenkckn ds v[kckjksa ds i=kdkfjrk ds ewY;ksa dks cuk, j[kk gS ,oa fo'oluh;rk gh bldh jktdksV laLdj.k 'kqq: gq, vkSj lkSjk"Vª dh i=kdkfjrk esa Hkkjh iwath gSA cnyko vk;k ,oa xykdkV izfrLi/kkZ 'kq: gqbZA ist vkSj lIyhesaV

lkSjk"Vª dh i=kdkfjrk dh ,d vkSj Hkh fo'ks"krk gS fd dh yM+kbZ 'kq: gqbZA igys lekpkj vkSj lkekftd&f'k{k.k& ;gka igys ls gh fo'ks"k if=kdk,a izdkf'kr gksrh jgh gaSA buesa lkaLd`frd xfrfof/k;ksa dks vgfe;r feyrh Fkh ysfdu ^xqtjkr ^foKku foykl*] ^xqtjkr 'kkyki=k*] ^Kku nhid*] ^fiz;onk*] lekpkj* vkSj ^lans'k* ds vkus ds ckn ist c<+s vkSj gj jkst ^[ksMwr* vkfn jktdksV ls 'kq: gksus okyk lekpkj i=k ̂ dkfB;kokM+ lIyhesaV vkus yxsA vU;Fkk blls igys lIrkg esa ,d ;k nks VkbEl* Fkk tks ,d ckj can gqvk vkSj 1885 esa Hkh fQj ls 'kq: lIyhesaV vkrs FksA vkt rks gj jkst fdlh uk fdlh fo"k; ij

lkS

tjk gV ds gS lkSjk"Vª dh i=kdkfjrk,d le; izlkj la[;k vkSj opZLo dh n`f"V ls ^QwyNkc* lcls vkxs Fkk ysfdu vkt ^xqtjkr lekpkj* dk lokZf/kd izlkj gSA blds ckn ^lans'k* vkSj ^fnO; HkkLdj* ds chp izfrLi/kkZ gSA ^fnO; HkkLdj* us ist okj ds ckn izkbl okj 'kq: fd;k FkkA vkjaHk esa ;g v[kckj ,d #i;s esa feyrk Fkk vkSj bl

otg ls lkSjk"Vª ds v[kckj txr esa mFky&iqFky dk nkSj 'kq: gqvkA

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lIyhesaV lkFk gksrk gSA ,fDVfoLV cu x, gSaA yksxksa dks D;k ijksluk pkfg, bldk [;ky ,d le; izlkj la[;k vkSj opZLo dh n`f"V ls ̂ QwyNkc* ugha jgrkA

lcls vkxs Fkk ysfdu vkt ̂ xqtjkr lekpkj* dk lokZf/kd izlkj lkSjk"Vª dh i=kdkfjrk dh ,d nwljh fof'k"Vrk gS gSA blds ckn ^lans'k* vkSj ^fnO; HkkLdj* ds chp izfrLi/kkZ gSA lka/;dkyhu v[kckjA jktdksV esa 80 ds n'kd esa ^vfdyk* dh ^fnO; HkkLdj* us ist okj ds ckn izkbl okj 'kq: fd;k FkkA vkjaHk 'kq#vkr gqbZA blds ckn t;fgan lewg us ̂ lka> lekpkj* vkSj blds esa ;g v[kckj ,d #i;s esa feyrk Fkk vkSj bl otg ls lkSjk"Vª ds i'pkr ̂ vktdky* 'kq: gqvkA vkt ;s v[kckj [kklk izlkj j[krs v[kckj txr esa mFky&iqFky dk nkSj 'kq: gqvkA bl otg ls tks gSaA dbZ lka/;dkyhu lkSjk"Vª esa ftyk Lrj ij Hkh laLdj.k izdkf'kr yksx v[kckj ugha [kjhnrs Fks os Hkh v[kckj [kjhnus yxs vkSj ,d ls dj jgs gSaA dgk tkrk gS fd jktdksV esa nks ckj lw;Z mxrk gSA nksigj T;knk v[kckj eaxkus yxsA jkst 18&20&22 i`"Bksa ds v[kckj vkrs esa nks ?kaVs cktkj can jgs vkSj fQj tc 'kq: gksrs gSa rks u;k v[kckj gSaA NksVs v[kckjksa ds fy, vfLrRo dh yM+kbZ 'kq: gqbZA bruk lc vk tkrk gSA jktdksV dh vkcknh rdjhcu 20 yk[k gS vkSj ;gka gksus ds ckotwn gka] ,d cnyko ugha vk;k og ;g gS fd cxSj vFkZ izkr%dkyhu ,oa lka/;dkyhu dks feykdj dqy nl v[kckj ds lekpkj [kwc vkrs gSaA LFkkuh; lekpkj vkus pkfg, ysfdu fudyrs gSaA laHkor% ns'k Hkj esa ;g fdLlk vn~Hkqr gksxkA ftuesa ne uk gks os lekpkj vkt Hkh izdkf'kr gks jgs gSaA ,d tekus lka/;dkyhu v[kckj igys pkj&Ng ist ds vkrs Fks tks vc iw.kZ dn esa lapkj ds lk/ku ugha Fks rc lekpkj tqVkuk eqf'dy FkkA ,sls ds cu x, gSaA lkSjk"Vª esa ftyk dsanzksa ij Hkh v[kckj fudyrs gSaA le; esa lkSjk"Vª ds lekpkjksa ds fy, ^QwyNkc* us usVodZ [kM+k tkeuxj esa lka/;dkyhu ̂ukscr* vkSj ̂ Hkwfe* v[kckj izdkf'kr gksrs fd;kA xkao] rglhy Lrj ij fdlh f'k{kd ;k O;kikjh vFkok izeq[k gSa rks vejsyh ls ̂ vo/k* uked v[kckj fudyrk gSA ;s vPNs py O;fä dks v[kckj dk laoknnkrk cuk;k x;kA bl rjg xzkeh.k jgs gSaA blh rjg bl izns'k esa lkIrkfgdksa dh Hkjekj gSA i=kdkfjrk f[ky mBhA vkt Hkh lkSjk"Vª ds v[kckjksa dh igpku lkSjk"Vª&dPN esa dqy 47 nSfud v[kckj gaS] ftuds ftyk Lrj ij xzkeh.k i=kdkfjrk gSA fudy jgs laLdj.k vyxA lkIrkfgd Hkh [kwc gSa vkSj buds uke Hkh

gka] vkt vijk/k ,oa udkjkRed lekpkj v[kckjksa esa fofp=kA dqN uewus ns[ksa--^xhxks*] ^la?k"kZ djks*] ^,s dks.k Ns\* ¼;g dkQh vkrs gSaA ldkjkRed lekpkjksa dks de LFkku feyrk gSA dkSu gS\½] ^papqikr*] ^lekpkj Ns t ugha* ¼lekpkj gS gh ugha½] fo'ks"kdj lkSjk"Vª dh vFkZO;oLFkk ftl ij fuHkZj gS ml d`f"k {ks=k ds ^D;k lq/kh\* ¼dc rd\½A ysfdu bu v[kckjksa esa dksbZ ne ugha gSA lekpkjksa dks i;kZIr txg ugha feyrhA ;gka ds v[kckjksa ds vafre lqjsUnzuxj dk v[kckj ^le;* viokn gS ckdh dks v[kckj ugha i`"B ij T;knkrj lekpkj gR;k vkSj nq?kZVuk ds gksrs gSaA ;|fi] ;gka dgk tk ldrkA ;s ljdkjh foKkiu ij ftank jgrs gSaA lkFk gh dh i=kdkfjrk esa vkokt dkQh gS vkSj NksVh ckr dks Hkh tedj i=kdkj gksus dk uktk;t Qk;nk mBkus ds fy, ;g dk;Z dj jgs gSaaA mBkrs gSaA lekpkj i=kksa dh otg ls vke turk ds vusd eqíksa dk lkSjk"Vª esa 400 ls T;knk lkIrkfgd gSa vkSj fdrus fu;fer izdkf'kr lek/kku gksus ds vusd fdLls gSaA gksrs gSa] ;g Hkxoku tkusA lqjsUnzuxj ftys esa budh la[;k T;knk

;gka ds v[kckj vf/kdkfj;ksa dks dkQh egRo nsrs gSaA dbZ gSA ckotwn blds lkSjk"Vª i=kdkfjrk tks'khyh gSA yksxksa dh vkokt ckj ,slk gqvk gS fd fdlh fuMj&fu"Bkoku vf/kdkjh dk izLrqr djrh gS ysfdu le; ds lkFk ftruk cnyko vkuk pkfg, LFkkukarj.k gqvk gS rks v[kckjksa esa cM+k dojst feyk gS vkSj og ifjorZu ugha vk;k gSA

¼ys[kd tUeHkwfe VªLV ds jktdksV ls izdkf'kr v[kckj vkanksyu gq, gSaA tcfd] vc i=kdkjksa dh ubZ ih<+h bruh esgur QwyNkc ds laiknd gSaA½ugha dj jghA ist Fkzh dk dYpj c<+rk tk jgk gSA dbZ i=kdkj

;gka dh i=kdkfjrk esa vkokt dkQh gS vkSj NksVh ckr dks Hkh tedj mBkrs gSaA lekpkj i=kksa dh otg ls vke turk ds vusd eqíksa dk lek/kku gksus ds vusd fdLls gSaA ;gka ds v[kckj vf/kdkfj;ksa dks dkQh egRo nsrs gSaA dbZ ckj ,slk gqvk gS fd fdlh fuMj&fu"Bkoku vf/kdkjh dk LFkkukarj.k gqvk gS

rks v[kckjksa esa cM+k dojst feyk gS vkSj vkanksyu gq, gSaA

44


Lof.kZe v/;k;MkW- fd'kksj nos

cbZ lekpkj* ;kuh xqtjkrh Hkk"kk dk lcls iqjkuk vkSj FkkA fdlh Hkh nSfud ds fy, nks ckrsa mldh iwath gSaA 1- lekpkj dh ,f'k;k dk Hkh lcls iqjkuk nSfud] ftldh 'kq#vkr 1 lPpkbZ vkSj 2- ikBdksa dk fo'oklA êqacbZ lekpkj* bu nksuksa ds

tqykbZ 1822 dks gqbZA ̂ eqacbZ lekpkj* dsoy nSfud v[kckj gh ugha laca/k esa lcls vkxs gSA Hkk"kk&fopkjksa dh vfHkO;fä vkSj eqíksa dh vfirq Hkkjr dk HkO; bfrgkl gSA izLrqfr] lekt ds lokyksa dks mBkus esa eqacbZ lekpkj rVLFk ,oa

êqacbZ lekpkj* us nks fo'o;q) ds lekpkjksa ds vykok fu"i{k jgk gSA^VkbVSfud LVhej* ds Mwcus vkSj ̂ fctyh* uked tgkt ds ekaMoh êqacbZ lekpkj* us cxSj fdlh fgpd ds vius fopkj ¼dPN½ ls iksjcanj ds chp Mwc tkus dk Hkh lekpkj izdkf'kr fd;k O;Dr dj lekt ds fy, iFkizn'kZd dk dke fd;k gSA êqacbZ

eqEcbZ lekpkj% Hkkjrh; i=kdkfjrk dh HkO; igpkutc&tc ns'k ij dksbZ ladV vk;k ;k ckgj ls ladV ds ckny Nk, rc Hkh vke turk dk êqacbZ

lekpkj* ds izfr fo'okl ,oa vknj cuk jgkA vusd izkd`frd ladV ns'k ij ;nk&dnk vkrs jgrs gSaA ,sls ladV ds le; ogka ds yksxksa dh lgk;rk djus ds fy, lewps Hkkjr ds m|ksxifr;ksa] dkjksckfj;ksa]

ljdkj ,oa turk us da/ks ls da/kk feykdj mnkj ,oa LosPNk ls viuk ;ksxnku fn;k gSA

êqa

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lekpkj* }kjk ges'kk lekt dks /;ku esa j[kdj dke fd, x,A ijkslh tkrh gaSA Qjnwu th us 'kq#vkr ls gh ljy] lh/kh vkSj lHkh 'ks;j cktkj ds Hkko&[kcjsa] e`R;q lwpuk,a vkSj fo'ys"k.kkRed ys[k dks le> vk ldus okyh Hkk"kk dk mi;ksx djus dh tks uhfr r; bldh igpku gSA dh Fkh] og vkt Hkh tkjh gS vkSj blh otg ls êqacbZ lekpkj*

ns'k&fons'k esa tgka&tgka xqtjkrh jgrs gSa ogka êqacbZ yksdfiz; v[kckj gSAlekpkj* vo'; tkrk gSA [kklrkSj ij rks ;g eqacbZ esa gj xqtjkrh êqacbZ lekpkj* esa iztker lsD'ku dkQh vkd"kZd ,oa dk viuk v[kckj gSA gj lqcg eqacbZ ds xqtjkrh ifjokjksa }kjk vge gSA gj dksbZ bl dkWye esa i=k fy[kdj viuh ckr] vius êqacbZ lekpkj* dk fd;k tkus okyk bartkj vutku ugha gSA eqacbZ fopkj] viuh f'kdk;r&lq>ko dks izLrqr dj ldrk gSA la{ksi esa vkSj eqacbZ ds ckgj gtkjksa ?kj ,sls gSa tgka rhu&pkj ihf<+;ksa ls ̂ eqacbZ dgsa rks êqacbZ lekpkj* vke turk dk Lo;a dk] vke turk ds lekpkj* yxkrkj i<+k tk jgk gSA fganw] eqfLye] ikjlh] [kkstk] oksjk] fy, vkSj vke turk dh 'kqHkdkeukvksa ,oa lg;ksx ls pyus okyk ese.k] bZlkbZ] tSu] vf/kd i<+s&fy[ks ;k de i<+s&fy[ks ;kuh lHkh v[kckj gSAoxZ ds yksx eqacbZ lekpkj dks fo'oluh;rk ds fy, ilan djrs gSaA tc&tc ns'k ij dksbZ ladV vk;k ;k ckgj ls ladV ds êqacbZ lekpkj* fdlh oxZ] fdlh /keZ ;k fdlh laiznk; rd lhfer ckny Nk, rc Hkh vke turk dk ̂ eqacbZ lekpkj* ds izfr fo'okl v[kckj ugha gSA ;gh otg gS fd ;g gj oxZ dk viuk v[kckj cu ,oa vknj cuk jgkA vdky] jsyladV] Hkwdai-- tSls vusd izkd`frd ldkA ladV ns'k ij ;nk&dnk vkrs jgrs gSaA

êqacbZ lekpkj* dh lcls cM+h [kkfl;r bldk rVLFk ,sls ladV ds le; ogka ds yksxksa dh lgk;rk djus ds gksuk gSA ̂ eqacbZ lekpkj* ,d ifjokj ds lHkh lnL;ksa dh #fp ds fy, lewps Hkkjr ds m|ksxifr;ksa] dkjksckfj;ksa] ljdkj ,oa turk us vuq:i fu;fer :i ls vyx&vyx lIyhesaV ,oa lkexzh nsrk gS] da/ks ls da/kk feykdj mnkj ,oa LosPNk ls viuk&viuk ;ksxnku tks iwjs ifjokj dks blls tksM+s j[krk gSA lkfgR;] O;aX;] fn;k gSA phu ds vkØe.k ,oa ikfdLrkuh geys ds le; êqacbZ dk;nk&dkuwu] dkjksckjh lykg] /keZ] uhfr] cks/k dFkk,a] Hktu] lekpkj* ges'kk iztk ds lkFk jgkA

¼ys[kd eqacbZ lekpkj esa dk;Zjr i=kdkj gSaA½vuqHko] ;k=kk o.kZu vkSj dgkfu;ka--- ikBdksa dks lekpkjksa ds lkFk

46


Lof.kZe v/;k;ckny iaM~;k

pjaxh 'kgj eqacbZ dh i=kdkfjrk Hkh iapjaxhA iqjkus eqacbZ dh lsBkuh tSlk mldk tyokA mlesa vdM+ Hkh dkQh rks dHkh #vkc HkhA blesa eqacbZ;k Lokn---,dLVªk elkyksa ds

lkFk Likblh ÝkbZ fd;k x;k dHkh Lokfn"V rks dHkh eqag fcxkM+ nsus okyk dM+okiuA vusd jaxksa esa jaxh gqbZ gS eqacbZ dh xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrkA

eksge;h eqacbZ xqtjkfr;ksa vkSj xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk dk ewyr% ufugkyA ,f'k;k dk lcls iqjkuk vkSj nqfu;k dk pkSFks Øe dk lcls iqjkuk v[kckj êqacbZ lekpkj* vkSj mldk ?kj eqacbZ esaA eqacbZ ds lekpkj gh ugha ysfdu eqacbZokfl;ksa dks nqfu;k Hkj ds lekpkj igqapkus ds mís'; ls egkxqtjkrh&ikjlh ekfydksa }kjk pyk;k tk jgk ̂ eqacbZ lekpkj* o"kZ 1822 esa 'kq: gqvk vkSj [kkfl;rA yxkrkj nkSM+ jgs 'kgj esa dqN #d tk, rks v[kjrk gSA vc yxHkx nks lkS o"kZ dk bfrgkl vius vki esa vuqla/kku dk eqacbZ esa i=kdkfjrk fQygky rks fLFkj gSA xtc dh 'kkafr gS] D;k fo"k; gSA bl nkSjku dbZ v[kckj vkSj if=kdk,a vkbZa] dbZ fVds vkSj ;g gkaQ jgh gS ;k fQj FkdkoV vk xbZ gSA vFkok u, fopkj vkSj le`) gq,] eqacbZ dks le`) fd;k] eqacbZ ds xqtjkfr;ksa dks le`) ubZ pqukSfr;ksa dh 'kks/k esa gSA xqtjkr esa ̂ fnO; HkkLdj* ds vkus ds fd;kA v[kckj vkSj if=kdkvksa dk jax :i cnyk] u;k Ükàxkj fd;k ckn v[kckjksa vkSj if=kdkvksa esa Hkh u, jksekap dk lapkj gqvk gSA ysfdu Qksdl lekpkj ij gh jgkA xqtjkr esa ikap djksM+ xqtjkrh dysoj cnykA VkbEl lewg ds ûo xqtjkr le;* us xr o"kZ jgrs gSa vkSj eqacbZ esa 65 yk[k ds vklikl xqtjkrh fuokl djrs gSaA vgenkckn esa viuk laLdj.k 'kq: fd;k ,oa blds i'pkr gjsd ckotwn blds xqtjkrh Hkk"kh ehfM;k dk fodkl bl egkuxj esa v[kckj us ifjorZu fd,A fdlh us NksVs&eksVs ifjorZu fd, rks T;knk gqvkA o"kZ 1960 rd rks gqvk gh D;ksafd ml le; rd eqacbZ fdlh us ,M+h ls pksVh rd ifjorZu fd,A la{ksi esa lalkj esa vkSj xqtjkr ,d gh jkT; ds fgLls FksA i=kdkfjrk igys eqacbZ esa ifjorZu ds fu;e ds lkeus flj >qdkA ;gh otg gS fd ifjorZu us fodflr gqbZ vkSj blds ckn vgenkckn vkSj lwjr igqaphA bl ckjs xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk dks ges'kk mRlkgh j[kk] mnklhurk ugha nhA esa u rks T;knk ppkZ gksrh gS vkSj uk gh rqyukA tcfd vc yxHkx tks gS og pyrk gS vkSj Bhd gS--fd vkRelarks"k okyh ekufldrk lk<+s ikap n'kd ds ckn QdZ fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA xqtjkr esa [kkldj tkjh ugha jghAfiNys n'kd esa xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk us Nykax yxkbZ gSA eqacbZ esa fiNys n'kd esa ubZ pqukSr;ksa [kM+h ugha gqbZA

vjc lkxj dh ygjksa dh rjg mNky ekjrk eqacbZ vkSj ek/;eksa esa ,d rjg dh fLFkjrk vk xbZ gSA ^xqtjkr lekpkj* us mldk gjsd fgLlkA ,d leku xfr] izxfr ;gh gS eqacbZ dh eqacbZ laLdj.k 'kq: fd;k vkSj /khjs&/khjs iSj tek,A nwljh rjQ]

eqacbZ dh xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk% 'kkunkj] tkunkj

ia

eqacbZ esa vHkh Hkh xqtjkrh ehfM;k dks flj ij cSBkus dh {kerk gS] t:jr gS ukM+h ij[kus dhA ;g ekuk fd vaxzsth ek/;e dh otg ls ubZ ih<+h xqtjkrh ugha i<+ jghA D;k bl ih<+h dks fQj ls xqtjkrh i<+kus dk iz;kl fd;k tk ldrk gSA eqacbZ esa 'kq) xqtjkrh fy[kus okys ;qok i=kdkjksa dh deh dh

f'kdk;r dh tkrh gSA

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êqacbZ lekpkj* vius iqjkus xkSjo ds lkFk [kM+k jgkA lka/; nSfud xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk dh 'kDy gh cny nhA dYiuk ds ijs tkdj ds :i esa ̂ feM&Ms* us etcwrh ls eqacbZ esa viuh txg cukbZA lkSjk"Vª dke fd;kA ,d fdLlk ;kn vkrk gS--jk"Vªifr 'kadj n;ky 'kekZ Fks VªLV ds ^tUeHkwfe* us eqacbZ ds O;kikjh oxZ esa viuh yksdfiz;rk vkSj fdlh lkoZtfud dk;ZØe ds nkSjku ?kqVus dh chekjh ls ihfM+r cuk, j[khA eqacbZ ls izdkf'kr ^fp=kys[kk* xqtjkrh if=kdkvksa esa jk"Vªifr fxj x,A dsoy xqtjkrh gh ugha cfYd yxHkx lHkh izgjh dh Hkwfedk fuHkk jgh gSA cktown blds xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk ds v[kckjksa us dsoy rLohj yxkdj pyrkÅ dSI'ku fy[kdj lekpkj ufugky esa vthc rjg dh fLFkjrk gSA dk riZ.k dj fn;kA ysfdu gleq[k xka/kh rks vyx gh feêh ds cus

eqacbZ ds ehfM;k dks fodkl ds fy, vc xqtjkr dh vksj FksA mUgksaus 110 ikbaV ds ek=k pkj 'kCnksa ds lkFk gSfMax fy[kk utj nkSM+kus dh gkyr vkbZ gSA ̂ fp=kys[kk* us lkSjk"Vª dh vksj utj ^jk"Vªifr HkIi FkbZ x;k* fdlh Hkh ?kVuk dks ns[kus dk mudk nkSM+kbZ rks ̂ eqacbZ lekpkj* us xqtjkr laLdj.k 'kq: fd;kA bl lcds utfj;k vuks[kk FkkA ledkyhu can gqvk ysfdu blds ikBdksa ds chp lekpkj dh izLrqfr esa varj vk;kA fdlh Hkh ?kVuk dk lewpk fy, ;g v[kckj ;kn cu x;kAfooj.k ;kuh lekpkjA ?kVuk,a ;k lekpkj ogh jgs ysfdu mudh eqacbZ ls dUgS;kyky eqa'kh us ^leiZ.k* vkSj ûouhr* izLrqfr cny xbZA vc izLrqfr vf/kd jkspd cuh gS vkSj Hkk"kk ds uked nks if=kdk,a 'kq: dh FkhA nksuksa dk lkfgR; {ks=k esa [kklk izokg dks vf/kd egRo fn;k x;k gSA lekpkjksa ds p;u esa FkksM+k ;ksxnku jgkA vkt nksuksa if=kdk,a ̂ uouhr leiZ.k* ds ,d uke ds varj vk;k gSA vViVs] vtc&xtc ;k ̂ tjk gV ds* lekpkjksa ds rgr izdkf'kr gksrh gSaA blh rjg ^dfork* Hkh yxkrkj 1967 ls izfr lekpkj laikndksa dk #>ku c<+kA ehfM;k esa vk, cnyko dh izdkf'kr gks jgh gSA if=kdkvksa esa ^fp=kys[kk* vkxs jgh ysfdu otg ls Hkh budh t:jr Hkh [kM+h gqbZA dbZ ckj Vhoh vkSj baVjusV ^vfHk;ku* vkSj ^;qon'kZu* tSlh if=kdkvksa us Hkh eqacbZokfl;ksa ij ek/;e] orZeku lekpkj i=k ;k if=kdk,a nwljs fnu gkFk esa vkrh gaS] viuh Nki NksM+h gSA blds vykok ^lfork*] ûoydFkk*] rc rd lekpkj dks pck&pckdj ,slk dj nsrs gSa fd fizaV ehfM;k ^fMVsfDVo*] ̂ cs ?kM+h ekst* vkSj ̂ cksEcs ekdsZV* tSlh if=kdk,a vkbZ ds fy, ikBdksa dks u;k nsuk gh pqukSrh cu tkrk gSA blh otg ls vkSj vyx jkg fn[kk xbZaA 'ks;j cktkj dh rsth ds nkSjku vusd v[kckjksa ,oa if=kdkvksa esa dbZ ckj ,Mokal esa 'kksd lekpkj Ni fctusl izdk'ku LVkWy rd igqaps ysfdu ;s vf/kd le; ftank u x,A xqtjkrh Hkk"kk vkSj [kkldj eqacbZ ds xqtjkrh ehfM;k ds fy, jg ldsA eqacbZ esa vHkh Hkh xqtjkrh ehfM;k dks flj ij cSBkus dh ,sls fdrus gh 'kksd lekpkjksa dh vdky e`R;q gqbZ gSA ysfdu ̂ eqacbZ {kerk gS] t:jr gS ukM+h ij[kus dhA lekpkj*] êqacbZ orZeku* vkSj blds ckn ^jkLr xks¶rkj* ls 'kq: ;g ekuk fd vaxzsth ek/;e dh otg ls ubZ ih<+h xqtjkrh gqvk i=kdkfjrk dk lQj xaxk ds ty tSlk LoPN gSA dHkh 'kkar ugha i<+ jghA D;k bl ih<+h dks fQj ls xqtjkrh i<+kus dk iz;kl vkSj dHkh rwQkuh jgh i=kdkfjrk us eqacbZ esa dkQh /kwi&Nko ns[kh gS fd;k tk ldrk gSA eqacbZ esa 'kq) xqtjkrh fy[kus okys ;qok i=kdkjksa vkSj 'kgj dks ikuh&ikuh dj nsus okyh ckfj'k esa Hkh ikBdksa rd dh deh dh f'kdk;r dh tkrh gSA ;g ckr lgh gSA blds vykok lekpkj igqapk, gSaA vusd leL;k,a gSaA xqtjkrh fy[kus okys vkSj le>us okys feyrs

xkso/kZujke ek/kojke f=kikBh] dUgS;kyky eqa'kh vkSj ugha] ;g iwjh rjg lp ugha gS ysfdu bl {ks=k esa laHkor% vkd"kZ.k gfjUnz nos tSls xqtjkrh Hkk"kk ds l'kDr gLrk{kjksa us eqacbZ dh ?kV x;k gSA ;gh gkyr xqtjkrh ikBdksa dh gSaA ckj&ckj ;g i=kdkfjrk dk gkFk idM+k vkSj mlds fodkl esa cM+k ;ksxnku fn;kA f'kdk;r lquus dks feyrh gS fd vc dksbZ xqtjkrh ugha i<+rkA etcwjh esa ys[ku djus okys gkL; ys[kd rkjd egsrk Hkh ,d tekus okLrfodrk ;g gS fd xqtjkrh i<+uk vusd dks vkrk gS ysfdu mUgsa esa eqacbZ ls izdkf'kr gksus okys îztkra=k* ds lkFk tqM+s gq, FksA tks pkfg, og xqtjkrh esa ugha feyrkA ;gh otg gS fd ;g oxZ xqtjkrh xty ds >aMkcjnkj 'kwU; ikyuiqjh dHkh ̂ eqacbZ lekpkj* nwljh Hkk"kk ds ehfM;k dh vksj eqM+k gSA budks xqtjkrh dh vksj fQj esa lekpkjksa dk laiknu djrs FksA ̂ fp=kys[kk* dks f'k[kj ij ys tkus ls eksM+uk eqacbZ dh xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk ds fy, lcls cM+h pqukSrh okys miU;kldkj gjfd'ku esgrk dks Hkwyk ugha tk ldrkA gSA

¼ys[kd eqacbZ lekpkj esa lekpkj laiknd gSaA xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk dks le`) djus okys ,sls vusd uke gSaA eqacbZ dh i=kdkfjrk esa nks n'kd ls tqM+s gq, gSaA½vycÙkk ,d O;fä dks ;kn djuk gh gksxk vkSj ;s gSa gleq[k xka/khA

bafM;u ,Dlizsl lewg ds v[kckj ̂ ledkyhu* ds laiknd xka/kh us

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u;k nkSj] ubZ pqukSfr;ka'kSys"k jkoy

gkor gS gtkj 'kCnksa dks O;Dr djrk gS ,d QksVksA vui<+ xqtjkr dh jkt/kkuh eqacbZ Fkh vkSj vgenkckn lkaLd`frd ;k de i<+s&fy[ks yksx Hkh ftu 'kCnksa dks ugha le> ldrs] jkt/kkuhA os ,d QksVks ds ek/;e ls lkjs ?kVukØe dks vklkuh ls xqtjkr esa jktdksV ds tks'kh ca/kq] eqacbZ ds esgrk cznlZ

le> tkrs gSaA o"kZ 1915 esa Hkkjr dh vktknh ds cht tc fczVsu QksVksxzkQh ds l'kDr gLrk{kj cudj mHkjsA Hkkjr esa 'kq#vkrh fLFkr bafM;k gkml esa cks, tk jgs Fks rc QksVksxzkQh dh 'kq#vkr QksVksxzkQh ds fy, tks dSejs mi;ksx esa vk, mudks ns[krs gq, vke gqbZA Hkkjr esa QksVksxzkQh vaxzstksa dh T;knk pgy&igy okys xqtjkr] tu budks dkys tknw dk dkyk fMCck] dky eq[kh fMCck tSls ukeksa jktLFkku vkSj iatkc esa fn[kkbZ nhA xqtjkr dh ckr dh tk, rks ls iqdkjus yxsA xqtjkr esa jktegyksa dh Nr ls izos'k gqbZ ;g egaxh

QksVksxzkQh ls cu jgh igpku

d

foe'kZehfM;k

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tuojh&ekpZ 2015

xqtjkrh QksVks i=kdkfjrk dk Hkfo"; vxyh ih<+h ds gkFk esa T;knk mTToy vkSj lqj{kk ds lkFk izxfr'khy curk fn[kkbZ ns jgk gS D;ksafd ubZ fMftVy VsDukykWth ls ,d lk/ku ds rkSj ij dSejk] ljy

vkSj lLrk cuk gSA gj O;fä ds gkFk esa isu Hkys uk gks eksckby dSejk t:j gksrk gSA ftlls QksVksxzkQh vklku cuh gSA

dyk 'kq#vkr esa jktegyksa rd lhfer FkhA [kklrkSj ij lkSjk"Vª esa dks tkrk gSAjktdksV] twukx<+] Hkkouxj] eksjch] tkeuxj] okadkusj] dPN vkSj ,d ikjlh ;qok QksVksxzkQj rsel xsêh us xqtjkr dk e/; xqtjkr esa oMksnkjk ds jkt?kjkus esa QksVks [khapus dh dyk us izfrfuf/kRo fo'o Lrj ij fd;kA rsel xsêh fo'o izfl) izFke nl dne j[ksA jktdqaoj] jktdqekjh] jktk&egkjktk] jkfu;ksa ds ?kwa?kV QksVksxzkQjksa esa 'kkfey gSaA xqtjkrh QksVks i=kdkfjrk esa dbZ uke ¼¶yS'k½ dh rLohjsa [khaph xbZA xqtjkr ds vykok jktLFkku] enzkl] eq[; gSa vkSj orZeku esa thfor QksVks i=kdkj dy bfrgkl cusaxsA gSnjkckn] fnYyh ds jkt?kjkus Hkh QksVks ds {ks=k esa dne feyk jgs FksA yfyrdyk vdkneh }kjk o"kZ 1983 ls 2008 rd xqtjkrh QksVks oM+ksnjk esa xk;dokM+ jkt?kjkus us QksVksxzkQh dks dkQh c<+kok i=kdkfjrk esa ftu eq[; ukeksa dks 'kkfey fd;k x;k] muesa txu fn;kA nqfu;k ds vU; ns'kksa dh rqyuk esa Hkkjr esa QksVksxzkQh dk de esgrk] cyoar Hkê] , ,y lS;n] Jhnke Hkê] nÙkk [kksidj] fodkl gksus dk eq[; dkj.k Lora=krk laxzke FkkA reke ns'kokfl;ksa izk.kyky iVsy] fpuwHkkbZ iVsy] ,y,e iksey] T;ksfr Hkê] gksekbZ dk ,d gh y{; vktknh gksus ls QksVksxzkQh dyk ds izfr LokHkkfod O;kjkokyk] jk?ko dusfj;k] lqjsUnz iVsy] gsesUnz 'kkg] olar la?koh] /;ku de jgkA o"kZ 1910 esa vgenkckn ds fjph jksM] lykil jksM lksekHkkbZ feL=kh] iq"ionu [k=kh] ijekuan nyokMh] lur 'kks/ku] esa LVwfM;ks FksA yksx ;gka jSDl LVwfM;ks] ekWMy LVwfM;ks] egqfydj lqjs'k ikjs[k] fxjh'k [k=kh] 'kSys'k jkoy] dY;k.k 'kkg] /kulq[k iVsy LVwfM;ks] ijh[k LVwfM;ks] Hkkouxjh LVwfM;ks dh >yd ns[kus vkrs FksA gSaA vk/kqfud xqtjkrh QksVks i=kdkfjrk esa lqdnso Hkpsp] 'kkafryky mu fnuksa QksVksxzkQjksa esa tuknZu nh?ks] doMs cnlZ] {k=kifr] tslh 'kkg] Hkkypanz HkkbZ] egsUnz dkaVkokyk] >sojh yky esgrk] 'kSys"k bathfu;j ,oa efgyk QksVksxzkQj esa ljLorh dksfV'k ds uke eq[; jkoy] th ,p ekLVj dks eq[; ekuk tkrk gSAFksA gky esa tgka psruk gksVy gS] ogka dksfV'k LVwfM;ks FkkA xqtjkrh QksVks i=kdkfjrk dk Hkfo"; vxyh ih<+h ds gkFk

^dqekj* xqtjkr dh yksdfiz; lelkef;d if=kdk FkhA esa T;knk mTToy vkSj lqj{kk ds lkFk izxfr'khy curk fn[kkbZ ns jgk D;ksafd mldk usr`Ro jfo'kadj jkoy dj jgs FksA QksVks i=kdkfjrk gS] D;ksafd ubZ fMftVy VsDukykWth ls ,d lk/ku ds rkSj ij dSejk] dks c<+kok nsus esa ^dqekj* dk vewY; ;ksxnku jgkA eqacbZ ls ljy vkSj lLrk cuk gSA gj O;fä ds gkFk esa isu Hkys uk gks izdkf'kr ^20oha lnh* if=kdk eqacbZ dh QksVks i=kdkfjrk ds fy, eksckby dSejk t:j gksrk gSA ftlls QksVksxzkQh vklku cuh gSA IysVQkeZ cuhA cyoar Hkê us 12 vizSy 1930 ls vgenkckn ds xqtjkr us ftl rjg fiNys nks n'kd esa QksVksxzkQh dyk xka/kh vkJe ls 'kq: gqbZ nkaMh ;k=kk dh QksVksxzkQh dh vkSj mudh dks laHkky dj j[kk gS vkSj mPp Lrj ds QksVksxzkQj fn, gSa mudh QksVks dks ^dqekj* if=kdk ds vizSy 1930 ds vad esa lsfQ;k Vksu rqyuk esa fodkl'khy ifjofrZr le; esa fMftVy ;qx ds mÙke dyj esa izdkf'kr fd;k x;kA bl ij fczfV'k ljdkj us ̂ dqekj* ds QksVksxzkQjksa dh vis{kk okftc gSA u, ;qx dk ;qok /ku f'kf{kr gS] vad tCr dj fy,A VsDukykWth dk ekLVj gSA MkdZ :e vc dEI;wVj esa lhfer gks x,

xqtjkrh esa QksVks i=kdkfjrk dk lPpk xkSjo Jhnke Hkê gSaA ubZ VsDukykWth ds lkFk v|ru dSejksa dh vklku miyfC/k vkSj ewy uke t;afr yky ds'ko yky Hkê dks fn;k tkrk gSA Hkê 1930 baVjsuV dusD'ku ls ubZ QksVksxzkQh ih<+h dks de esgur ls vPNk esa bl {ks=k esa mrjsA mUgksaus o"kZ 1946 esa fp=kk LVwfM;ks dh LFkkiuk Qy fey jgk gSA xqtjkrh QksVks i=kdkfjrk oSf'od eap ij igqaph e¶ryky nwf/k;k ds lkFk feydj dhA ^dqekj*] ^dkSeqnh*] gSA ysfdu vc fMftVy ;qx ds le; esa ;g vkSj rsth ls vkxs ^uopsru*] ̂ QwyNkc*] ̂ VkbEl vkWQ bafM;k*] ̂ fganw enzkl*] ̂ lans'k* c<+sxh] ;g r; gSA

¼ys[kd bafM;k VqMs lewg esa QksVkstuZfyLV gSaA½vkSj ^xqtjkr lekpkj* mudh QksVks i=kdkfjrk ds fy, ;kn fd, tkrs gSaA fugkfjdk QksVks Dyc dh LFkkiuk dk Hkh Js; Jhnke Hkê

xqtjkr esa jktegyksa dh Nr ls izos'k gqbZ ;g egaxh dyk 'kq#vkr esa jktegyksa rd lhfer FkhA [kklrkSj ij lkSjk"Vª esa jktdksV] twukx<+] Hkkouxj] eksjch] tkeuxj] okadkusj] dPN vkSj e/; xqtjkr esa oMksnkjk ds jkt?kjkus esa QksVks [khapus dh dyk us dne j[ksA jktdqaoj] jktdqekjh] jktk&egkjktk]

jkfu;ksa ds ?kwa?kV ¼¶yS'k½ dh rLohjsa [khaph xbZA

50


u;k nkSj] ubZ pqukSfr;kafiadh nyky

oy 15 o"kZ igys dh ckr gSA ,d efgyk i=kdkj tks jsyos chV doj djrh gSA eqacbZ tSls egkuxj esa jsy thoujs[kk

dk dke djrh FkhA ,sls esa bls doj djus ds fy, dsoy mRlkgh ugha] cfYd esgurh ,oa vyVZ i=kdkj pkfg,A bl efgyk i=kdkj us jsyos chV o"kksaZ rd dh FkhA bl efgyk i=kdkj ds ifr us fons'k ;k=kk ds nkSjku ,d dSejk [kjhnk Fkk] tks viuh iRuh dks migkj esa fn;kA ;kn j[ksa og le; lsYQh ;k eksckby Qksu ds dSejs dk ugha FkkA efgyk i=kdkj us bl dSejs dk mi;ksx fd;k vkSj jsy fVdV pkSdj }kjk pyk, tk jgs jSdsV dk HkkaMkQksM+ fd;kA bldk urhtk ;g fudyk fd Ng Vhlh ukSdjh ls fuyafcr gq,A bl efgyk i=kdkj dh chV rks Fkh yksdy Vªsu ysfdu dqN vf/kd] dqN u;k djus dh reUuk dh otg ls ;g gqvkA ,slk vkerkSj ij efgyk i=kdkj rks Bhd iq#"k i=kdkj Hkh ugha djrsA i=kdkfjrk esa efgyk ,oa iq#"k i=kdkj nksuksa esa varj gksrk gS D;k\ tgka osru] in vkSj ftEesnkjh dh leku fgLlsnkjh djuh gks ogka efgyk i=kdkj fdl rjg efgyk gksus dh ckr dgdj viuh ftEesnkjh ls cpus dk jkLrk <wa<+ ldrh gS\ bysDVªkWfud ehfM;k ;k vaxzsth v[kckjksa dh

efgyk i=kdkj /khjs&/khjs gkfl, ij /kdsy nh xbaZA vc buds fgLls ckr vyx gks ldrh gS ysfdu xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk esa efgyk

gSa lkW¶V chV ;k ifjf'k"V ;kuh iwfrZ;ksa dks laHkkyus dh ftEesnkjhA i=kdkjksa dh la[;k fujarj ?kVrh tk jgh gSA ;g D;ksa\ bl loky

gkykafd] ;g dk;Z i=kdkfjrk dk fgLlk gS ysfdu eq[;/kkjk dh dk tokc <wa<+uk dfBu ugha gSA ehfM;k ds fnXxtksa dh mnklhurk]

i=kdkfjrk ls ckgjA de ftEesnkjh vkSj de is&iSdsVl--;s nksuksa ykijokgiw.kZ uhfr lcls cM+k dkj.k ,oa lkFk&lkFk nwljs {ks=kksa esa

dkjd lkFk&lkFk pyrs gSaA ;gh otg gS fd efgyk i=kdkjksa dh c<+rs tk jgs lqfo/kkiw.kZ ekSds Hkh bldh ,d otg gSA

xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk] fo'ks"kdj v[kckj dh eq[;/kkjk esa M;wVh uk lkekU; le> ds fy, mnkgj.k ls ;g ckr le>kbZ tk

feyus ls #fp [kRe gks jgh gSA blds ckn ;k rks efgyk i=kdkj ldrh gSA i=kdkfjrk esa u vkus dk lcls cM+k dkj.k vPNs osru

fdlh if=kdk esa iw.kZdkfyd dke djuk ilan djrh gS ;k fQj dk u gksuk gS ghA ysfdu eqacbZ tSls egkuxj esa cnyh ifjfLFkfr;ksa

bysDVªkWfud ehfM;k esa tkrh gSA bl ifjfLFkfr dh okLrfodrk dks /;ku esa j[krs gq, vf/kdrj izfrf"Br vkSj vehj v[kckj ,oa

tkuuh gks rks [kkldj eqacbZ ds xqtjkrh nSfudksa ds dk;kZy; esa U;wt pSuy efgyk i=kdkjksa dks nsj jkr M;wVh ds ckn nwj miuxjksa esa

vpkud tk;tk ysuk pkfg,A jkr lk<+s vkB ls nl cts ds chp muds ?kj rd MªkWi djus dh O;oLFkk djrs gSaA ysfdu xqtjkrh

tc v[kckjksa dh gSMykbal r; gksrh gaS] tks'k [kjks'k ls dke gksrk gS i=kdkfjrk esa ,slh vk'kk j[kuk ?kkl ds <sj esa lqbZ <wa<+us tSlk gSA

ml le; 'kk;n gh dksbZ efgyk i=kdkj vkidks utj vk,xhA bl ;fn dksbZ ?kksM+k vaMk ns rks ,slh lqfo/kk feys---!

gkyr ds fy, dkSu ftEesnkj gS vkSj blesa dksbZ peRdkj dh vioknLo:i dksbZ ehfM;k gkml ,slh O;oLFkk j[krk gks

laHkkouk gS ;k dksbZ vk'kk] vis{kk ,oa lokyksa ds fy, ;gka dksbZ vkSj esjh ;g ckr xyr lkfcr gks rks eq>s vkuan gksxkA ysfdu bl

LFkku ughaAle; rks eq>s bldh vk'kk ugha gSA vf/kdrj v[kckjksa us fdlfy,

¼ysf[kdk ,f'k;k ds lcls iqjkus v[kckj eqacbZ lekpkj dh laiknd jgh gaS ;g ljy ekxZ [kkstk gS\ efgyk i=kdkjksa dks jkr dh M;wVh u nsus ;k ,oa fofHkUu v[kckjksa esa fu;fer LraHk fy[k jgh gSaA½ckn esa lqj{kk iznku djus dh >a>V uk jgsA ysfdu bu dkj.kksa ls

dsgkf'k, ij gh gSa efgyk i=kdkj

foe'kZehfM;k

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tuojh&ekpZ 2015

u;k nkSj] ubZ pqukSfr;kadqyoar gSIih

[kckj ugha] vkanksyu*] ;g fcgkj ,oa mlls lVs vU; jkT;ksa xqtjkr esa lkglh i=kdkjksa dh deh gS] dqN lkgfld i=kdkj vkt ls izdkf'kr gksus okys ,d izfrf"Br lekpkj i=k izHkkr Hkh ljdkj ;k vU; iz'kklu dh vka[k esa fdlh fruds dh Hkkafr [kcj dh VSxykbu gSA gkykafd] VSxykbu dk bLrseky [kVd jgs gSaA

vktdy foKkiuksa esa mRiknksa ds fy, vf/kd fd;k tkrk gSA bruk Hkkjr ds vU; jkT;ksa dh rjg xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk ds gh ugha] VSxykbu dgha u dgha mRikn ;k vU; pht ls tqM+s Nk=kksa dks LFkkuh; egku laikndksa ,oa i=kdkjksa ds thou ds ckjs esa –f"Vdks.k dks iznf'kZr djrh gS vkSj fdlh Hkh lekpkj i=k dh v/;;u ds nkSjku i<+k;k tkrk gSA f'k{kk ds ckn tc ;g ukSflf[k;k VSxykbu laiknd ;k lewg ekfyd dh Lohd`fr ds fcuk dHkh ikl i=kdkj Lo;a dks yhd ls gVdj pyus ds fy, izsfjr djrs gSa rks ugha gks ldrhA blfy, VSxykbu dks ge ,d lekpkj i=k dk mudks dfBu ifjfLFkfr;ksa dk lkeuk djuk iM+rk gSApsgjk eku ldrs gSa] leLr lewg dk utfj;kA dqN lky igys ,d ;qok i=kdkj us rF;ksa ds vk/kkj ij

xqtjkrh lekpkj i=kksa esa VSxykbu dh ,d cM+h deh gS] ,d [kcj izdkf'kr dh] tks ,d xjhc ifjokj ls tqM+h gqbZ Fkh vkSj tks 'kk;n vke ikBdksa ds fy, vf/kd egRo rks u j[krh gks] exj ,d rkdroj O;fDr ds f[kykQ FkhA vxys fnu laiknd us ;qok VSxykbu ges'kk laiknd ,oa lekpkj i=k lewg ds vU; lnL;ksa dks i=kdkj dks vius dSfcu esa cqyk;k ,oa lekpkj i=k ls ckgj dk dqN u;k djus ds fy, izsfjr djrh gSA eq>s xqtjkr vk, vkt jkLrk fn[kk fn;kA gkykafd] lekpkj i=k ds laiknd dks rF;ksa ij djhcu rhu o"kZ ls vf/kd le; gks pyk gS] bl nkSjku jkT; esa vk/kkfjr lekpkj ds vk/kkj ij vius i=kdkj ds lkFk [kM+s gksuk izdkf'kr gksus okys xqtjkrh] fgUnh ,oa vaxzsth lekpkj i=kksa dks pkfg, Fkk] tSlk ,d vPNk laiknd djrk gS] exj bl laiknd dh fujarj i<+k] tkapk ,oa dqN fu"d"kZ fudkys] mldk ,d uewuk vki vkthfodk mlds ekfyd ds gkFk esa Fkh] tks ,d v[kckj ekfyd 'kq#vkr esa i<+ pqds gSaA gksus ds lkFk lkFk fj;y ,LVsV dkjksckjh Hkh gSA bl rjg ds gtkjksa

bl nkSjku vU; cgqr lh ckrsa xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk ds mnkjg.k gSa] ftudks dqN 'kCnksa esa lesVuk csgn eqf'dy gSA vxj lanHkZ esa tkuus dks feyhaA ftuds ckjs esa vkxs ppkZ djus tk jgk gwaA vki fdlh xqtjkrh ehfM;k ds lekpkj d{k ds vanj izos'k djsa ,oa gks ldrk gS fd ;g ,d i{k gksA gkykafd] esjh dksf'k'k jgsxh fd i=kdkjksa dk utfj;k tkuus dk iz;kl vki djsa rks vkidks irk bl vkys[k esa xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk ds gj i{k dks fu"i{krk ds lkFk pysxk fd bu d{kksa esa fdl rjg Lora=k i=kdkj dh e`R;q gksrh gSAj[kk tk,] rkfd vkys[k dgha ls ,di{kh; u yxsA lekpkj i=kksa esa bldk eq[; dkj.k cktkjhdj.k vkSj lekpkj i=kksa ij ,di{kh; ys[ku fey tkrk gS] tks fu"i{k i=kdkfjrk dks pksV dkjksckfj;ksa dk LokfeRo gSA xqtjkr ds dqNsd cM+s xqtjkrh ehfM;k igqapkrk gSA laLFkku fj;y ,LVsV ds {ks=k ls tqM+s gq, gSaA tc vki iw.kZ :i ls ,d

vk/kqfud xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk esa] tks lcls cM+h deh O;olk;h dh Hkwfedk esa vkrs gSa rks vkids fy, ljdkj fojks/kh gksuk utj vkbZ] oks [kksth ,oa Lora=k i=kdkfjrk dh gSA ,slk ugha gS fd csgn eqf'dy gks tkrk gS D;ksafd dksbZ Hkh /ka/kk ljdkj ds lg;ksx ds

gkoh cktkjokn ,oa dkjksckjh utfj;k

^v

;fn lekpkj i=kksa dh ckxMksj nwjn'khZ ,oa vPNs laikndksa dh ctk; dkjksckfj;ksa ds gkFk esa vk tk, rks ,d l'kDr i=kdkfjrk dh mEehn djuk] FkksM+k&lk csbZekuh Hkjk [;ky Hkh gksrk tkrk gSA bl rjg ds laLFkkuksa esa laiknd dsoy chjcy dh Hkwfedk fuHkkrs gSa] tks vdcj dh gka esa dsoy gka feykrs gSa

D;ksafd ekeyk vkthfodk ls tqM+k gqvk gSA

52


fcuk rsth ls pykuk eqf'dy gSA bldk rjksrktk mnkgj.k vki mBk fy;k x;kA gkykafd] ;g iwjk dk;Z ,d ykWch ds rgr gksrk gSA if'peh caxky dh lkjnk fpVQaM daiuh ds :i esa ns[k ldrs gSaA dqN ehfM;k laLFkku rks 'kks"k.k djus ds fy, brus cnuke gSa fd

;fn lekpkj i=kksa dh ckxMksj nwjn'khZ ,oa vPNs laikndksa ehfM;k dehZ uke lqudj gh nwj ls lyke Bksduk ilan djrs gSaAdh ctk; dkjksckfj;ksa ds gkFk esa vk tk, rks ,d l'kDr nwljs jkT;ksa dh rjg xqtjkr ds lekpkj i=k Hkh vk/kqfud gks pqds i=kdkfjrk dh mEehn djuk] FkksM+k&lk csbZekuh Hkjk [;ky Hkh gksrk gSaA Hkkjr esa rsth ls foLrkj dj jgs ehfM;k gkml ds lekpkj i=k tkrk gSA bl rjg ds laLFkkuksa esa laiknd dsoy chjcy dh Hkwfedk fnO; HkkLdj us xqtjkr dh i=kdkfjrk dks vk/kqfud le; dh fuHkkrs gSa] tks vdcj dh gka esa dsoy gka feykrs gSa D;ksafd ekeyk i=kdkfjrk dks viukus ij etcwj dj fn;kA vk/kqfud i=kdkfjrk vkthfodk ls tqM+k gqvk gSA xqtjkrh Hkk"kk ds izfrf"Br lekpkj i=k esa [kksth ,oa l'kä i=kdkfjrk ls vf/kd v[kckj dk :i jax] lewgksa esa ehfM;k dfeZ;ksa dk 'kks"k.k dqN lky igys rd vke ckr [kcjksa dks izdkf'kr djus dk rjhdk] jk"Vªh; rFkk varjjk"Vªh; FkhA exj] cktkj esa u, lekpkj i=kksa ds foLrkj us iqjkus izfrf"Br lekpkjksa dks izeq[krk ls izdkf'kr djuk egRo j[krk gSAlekpkj i=kksa ds izca/ku dks lkspus ij etcwj dj fn;k D;ksafd vc blds vykok lekpkj i=k esa LFkkuh; ikfVZ;ksa ,oa 'kgj esa ehfM;k deZpkfj;ksa ds ikl dkQh fodYi gSaA vkus okyh cM+h gfLr;ksa dks fo'ks"k txg feyrh gS] tks lekpkj i=k

exj] laikndksa dh vkilh lkaBxkaB ds dkj.k deZpkfj;ksa dks fcYdqy ist Fkzh cuk nsrk gS] tcfd vU; jkT;ksa esa LFkkuh; pkj ds fy, dHkh&dHkh laLFkku cnyus tSls fodYi Hkh ugha cprs gSaA i`"Bksa dk eryc gksrk gS fd LFkkuh; eqíksa ,oa leL;kvksa dks dqN eghus igys xqtjkr esa 'kq: gq, ,d lekpkj i=k us ,d fo'ks"k mHkkjuk ,oa LFkkuh; iz'kklu rd mudks igqapkukAlekpkj i=k ds deZpkfj;ksa dks ysus ls lkQ euk dj fn;k] tcfd gkykafd] dqN v[kckj vkt vHkh vius iqjkus :i&jax esa ,d vU; lekpkj i=k lewg ds cgqr lkjs deZpkfj;ksa dks ,d lkFk Nirs gSa vkSj mudks ys&vkmV tSlh phtksa ls dqN Hkh ysuk&nsuk ugha

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gSA bl rjg ds laLFkkuksa esa yksx ;a=kor rjhds ls dk;Z djrs gSa] tgka lekpkj i=kksa dk mís'; turk ds fgr ugha] dsoy Lo;a ds fgr dqN u;k djus dh dksbZ ftKklk iSnk gh ugha gksrh ,oa dkjksckjh lk/kuk gSAv[kckj ekfyd dk /;ku dsoy VuZvksoj ij gS] tks fdlh Hkh gkyr Lora=krk dh yM+kbZ esa 'kkfey gksus ds fy, turk dks esa ?kVuk ugha pkfg,A izsfjr djus ds fy, 'kq: gq, vf/kdrj v[kckj cktkjokn dh vka/kh

tcfd dq'ky i=kdkj dh igpku ;gh gS fd og lekpkj esa lekIr gks x, ;k cgqr lhfer {ks=kksa esa viuk lapkyu dj jgs gSaA lwa?kk gksA vlyh i=kdkj dks ges'kk lekpkj dh lwa?k gksrh gSA mlds cktkj ij mu lekpkj i=kksa us viuk ncnck cuk fy;k gS] tks lkeus usrkvksa ds Hkk"k.kksa dk iqfyank j[k nhft,] og muesa ls dsoy foKkiu ,oa dkjksckj dh n`f"V ls 'kq: gq, FksA ekStwnk cM+s lekpkj lwa?k ysxkA xqtjkrh lekpkj i=kksa esa ns'k ds vU; lekpkj ehfM;k laLFkku vius lekpkj i=k dks ,d [kwclwjr mRikn dh rjg i=kksa dh rjg ;g deh Hkh cgqr [kyrh gS tcfd vaxzsth lekpkj cktkj esa mrkjrs gSaAi=kksa esa [kksth lekpkjksa dks fo'ks"k rjthg nh tkrh gSA exj] vaxzsth xqtjkr esa bl le; nks rjg ds ehfM;k laLFkku gSa] ,d rks lekpkj i=kksa dk foLrkj mruk ugha] ftruk fd LFkkuh; Hkk"kk esa tgka ekfyd Lo;a v[kckj dks ,d Meh laiknd ds ekQZr pykrk fudyus okys lekpkj i=kksa dk gSA gSA nwljk] tgka ehfM;k cM+s laLFkku us vius lekpkj i=k ds foLrkj

gfj;k.kk lkfgR; vdkneh dh yksd laidZ fdrkc ds dh iwjh ftEesnkjh vius fu;qä laiknd dks lkSaih gqbZ gSA igys okys vuqlkj] nSfud v[kckj tks jkst ?kj esa vkrk gS] ifjokj dk ,d laLFkkuksa esa ehfM;k deZpkfj;ksa dk vf/kd 'kks"k.k gksrk gS] D;ksafd lnL; gh cu tkrk gSA x`gLokeh dks vius lekpkj i=k ij bruk dkjksckjh ekfyd dk lekpkj i=k esa lh/kk gLr{ksi laiknd ,oa fo'okl gks tkrk gS fd tc rd og dksbZ [kcj vius v[kckj esa laoknnkrk dh Lora=krk dks Nhurk gSA dkjksckjh utfj;k ,d Nih u ns[k ys] mls ml [kcj dh lPpkbZ ij fo'okl ugha gksrk gSA laiknd ;k lkglh i=kdkj dh le> dks dHkh le>us esa l{ke ugha [kcjksa dks i<+us ds ckn pkSiky ;k eaMyh esa cSBdj yksx ,d nwljs ls gksrk] mldk mís'; dsoy Lo;a ds dkjksckj dks foLrkj nsuk gksrk fopkjksa dk vknku&iznku djrs gSa] bl rjg tuer dks rS;kj djus gSA gkykafd] vkt Hkh dqNsd lekpkj i=k vius iqjkus fl)karksa ij ds fy, v[kckj ,d egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk fuHkkrk gSA fVds gq, gSa tSls fd tUeHkwfe VªLV ds cSuj rys izdkf'kr gksus okys

vxj lekpkj i=k izsl uksVksa ;k fdlh ds c;kuksa dks gwcgw lekpkj i=kA bl lekpkj i=k dh VSxykbu ^tuuh tUeHkwef'p Nkiuk 'kq: dj ns] rks 'kk;n ,d lgh tuer rS;kj u gks ik,A LoxkZnfi xjh;lh* ¼tuuh vkSj tUeHkwfe LoxZ ls Hkh egku gS½] Hkh fdlh Hkh lekpkj dks izdkf'kr djus ls igys mlds lekpkjRo dks cgqr dqN dgrh gS] 'kk;n blh dkj.k ;g lekpkj i=k vkt Hkh ns[kuk vfr egRoiw.kZ gksrk gSA exj] vk/kqfud i=kdkfjrk esa ;gka vius ewy fl)karksa ij fVdk gqvk gS] cktkj ds izHkko ls eqDr gSA cgqr cM+h pwd gks jgh gS] bl ekeys esa pkgs xqtjkr gks ;k dksbZ vU; exj] bl rjg ds lekpkj i=kksa dks jktsanz ekFkqj tSls xeZtks'kh okys] jkT;] vf/kd varj ughaA foLrkj esa #fp j[kus okys laiknd ulhc ugha gks ikrs] ftlds

eSa xqtjkr fLFkr ,d fgUnh lekpkj i=k ds dk;kZy; esa dkj.k budk {ks=k fnu izfr fnu fldqM+rk tk jgk gS] tks csgn fpark x;kA deZpkfj;ksa ls ckrphr dh] rks irk pyk fd v[kckj dsoy dk fo"k; gSA

¼ys[kd ;qokjkWDl MkWV dkWe ds lapkyd gSaA nSfud tkxj.k] iatkc dsljh ljdkjh foKkiuksa ls gksus okyh vkenuh ds fy, fudyrk gSA fnYyh] lhek lans'k] ;kgw U;wt iatkch] tkuks nqfu;k fgUnh U;wt pSuy lesr lekpkjksa dks ,d U;wt ,tsalh ;k vU; lekpkj iksVZyksa ls mBk;k tk

ntZuksa ehfM;k laLFkkuksa esa vyx vyx inksa ij dk;Z dj pqds gSaA fiNys jgk Fkk] lh/ks&lh/ks la'kks/ku ds fcuk izdkf'kr fd;k tk jgk FkkA bu vkB lky ls lfØ; CykWxj gSaA½

54


laikndksa dh vkilh lkaBxkaB ds dkj.k deZpkfj;ksa ds fy, dHkh dHkh laLFkku cnyus tSls fodYi Hkh ugha cprs gSaA xqtjkr esa 'kq: gq, ,d lekpkj i=k us ,d fo'ks"k lekpkj i=k ds deZpkfj;ksa dks ysus ls lkQ euk dj fn;k] tcfd ,d vU; lekpkj i=k lewg ds cgqr lkjs deZpkfj;ksa dks ,d lkFk mBk

fy;k x;kA gkykafd] ;g iwjk dk;Z ,d ykWch ds rgr gksrk gSA

u;k nkSj] ubZ pqukSfr;kat;s'k fprfy;k

tjkrh leqnk; tUetkr O;kikfjd leqnk; gS vkSj dkjksckj djus okyksa

dh bl ckr esa xgjh mRlqdrk jgrh gS fd ns'k&nqfu;k esa dgka D;k ?kV jgk gSA bldh lh/kh otg gS fd fdlh Hkh ?kVuk dk igyk vlj dkjksckj ij gksrk gSA Hkkjr esa vktknh ds ckn xqtjkrh lekpkj i=k lewg tUeHkwfe us ̂ O;kikj* v[kckj dh 'kq#vkr dkjksckfj;ksa dks dkjksckj ds foLrkj esa lgk;rk igqapkus ds mís'; ls dhA lkFk gh xqtjkrh nSfud v[kckjksa esa 'ks;j cktkj dh fjiksVZ] dqN 'ks;jksa vkSj deksfMVh ds Hkko ls T;knk dqN ijkslk ugha tkrk FkkA ysfdu vkfFkZd mnkjhdj.k dh gok pyh vkSj eueksgu flag foÙk ea=kh cus rc vkfFkZd Ô;kikj* us vkxs pydj tgka vius dks lIrkg esa nks ckj izdkf'kr [kcjksa dh tks vgfe;r 'kq: gqbZ] og dHkh ihNs ugha gVh vkSj djuk 'kq: fd;k ogha bldk lkIrkfgd fganh laLdj.k Hkh vkjaHk xqtjkrh Hkk"kk ds nSfudksa esa vkfFkZd [kcjksa ,oa fo'ys"k.kksa ds istksa fd;k x;kA vc ;g nksuksa v[kckj eksckby ,i ij Hkh vk pqds gSaA dh la[;k c<+hA ysfdu ̂ O;kikj* dk nSfud ugha cu ikuk v[kjrk gSA

ns'k esa vkfFkZd i=kdkfjrk dh 'kq#vkr fczfV'k eSusftax Ô;kikj* us ns'k Hkj esa tks izfrf"Brk vftZr dh mls ns[krs ,tsafl;ksa dh izsj.kk ls gh gqbZA ns'k esa igyh vkfFkZd lanHkksaZ dh gq, ,oa vkt ds ikBdksa dh vkfFkZd [kcjksa ds fy, c<+rh Hkw[k dh if=kdk ̂dSfiVy* uke ls 1886 esa dksydkrk ls fudyhA blds ckn otg ls bls nSfud gksuk pkfg, FkkA ;|fi] nSfud ugha cu ikus ds eqacbZ ls fudys ̂ dkelZ* lkIrkfgd us viuh [kkl igpku cukbZA ckotwn tUeHkwfe lewg ds bl f}lkIrkfgd v[kckj Ô;kikj* dks ;g if=kdk 1910 esa dksydkrk ls Hkh izkjaHk gqbZA 1928 esa dksydkrk vkt Hkh xqtjkrh dkjksckjh leqnk; esa Hkjiwj lEeku izkIr gSA ls ^bafM;u Qkbusal* 'kq: gqvkA fnYyh ls 1943 esa ^bZLVuZ Ô;kikj* dh ckr pyrh gS rks bls tUe nsus okys laiknd ghjth bdkukfeDl* vkSj ^Qkbusaf'k;y ,Dlizsl* dk izdk'ku gqvkA HkkbZ fxykuh dk uke J)k ls fy;k tkrk gS] ftUgksaus xqtjkrh Hkk"kk vktknh ds ckn xqtjkrh Hkk"kk dks NksM+dj fganh lfgr vU; esa ,d vkfFkZd v[kckj 'kq: dj vU; Hkk"kkbZ ehfM;k ?kjkuksa dks Hkkjrh; Hkk"kkvksa esa vkfFkZd i=kdkfjrk ds {ks=k esa dksbZ vge vkfFkZd v[kckj 'kq: djus dh jkg fn[kkbZA Ô;kikj* ds nwljs dksf'k'k ugha gqbZA vktknh ds ckn 'kq: gq, igys vkfFkZd v[kckj laiknd 'kf'kdkar olkuh us bls ubZ ÅapkbZ;ksa ij igqapk;k vkSj

xq

xaHkhj vkfFkZd foe'kkZsa dk bartkj!xqtjkrh v[kckjksa esa ;g nks"k vHkh Hkh cjdjkj gS fd dbZ [kcjsa vaxzsth ls m/kkj ysdj vuqokn ds :i esa Nkih tk jgh gaSA ,d ;k nks i=kdkjksa dks U;wt cVksjus] fjiksfVaZx] vuqokn] ist esfdax rd ds dke esa >ksad fn;k tkrk gS ftldh otg ls os u rks vFkZO;oLFkk ds tkudkjksa ds lkFk viuk le; fcrk ikrs gSa

vkSj u gh xgu fo'ys"k.k ds fy, muds ikl le; gksrk gSA bldk [kkfe;ktk Hkh Hkksxuk gksxkA

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^O;kikj* esa u,&u, ÅtkZoku ;qokvksa@i=kdkjksa dks ykdj vkfFkZd tk jgk gSA tcfd] okLrfod vkfFkZd [kcjksa vkSj xaHkhj vkfFkZd lekpkjksa dh ,chlhMh fl[kkbZ ,oa mPp eqdke rd igqapk;kA vkt lekpkjksa dks ijkslk ugha tk jgk gSAHkh vusd ehfM;k gkml vkSj Lora=k :i ls muds fl[kk, i=kdkj xqtjkrh v[kckjksa esa ;g nks"k vHkh Hkh cjdjkj gS fd dbZ csgrj dke dj jgs gSaA [kcjsa vaxzsth ls m/kkj ysdj vuqokn ds :i esa Nkih tk jgh gSaA ,d

xqtjkrh v[kckjksa ls ;fn vki vkfFkZd [kcjksa dks gVk nas ;k nks i=kdkjksa dks U;wt cVksjus] fjiksfVaZx] vuqokn] ist esfdax rd ;k de dj nas rks ikBd ml v[kckj dh vksj vklkuh ls eqM+ tk,axs ds dke esa >ksad fn;k tkrk gS ftldh otg ls os u rks vFkZO;oLFkk ftuesa ,slh [kcjksa dks ojh;rk nh tkrh gSA ysfdu vHkh Hkh tks ds tkudkjksa ds lkFk viuk le; fcrk ikrs gSa vkSj u gh xgu nSfud vkrs gSa muesa 'ks;j cktkj vkSj deksfMVh cktkjksa dh fjiksVZ] fo'ys"k.k ds fy, muds ikl le; gksrk gSA bldk [kkfe;ktk Hkh Hkko ,oa dqN NksVh&eksVh] [kcjksa dks fn;k tkrk gSA tcfd] xgjs Hkksxuk gksxkA ,d vkSj deh gS---mPp osru uk gksukA vkfFkZd fo'ys"k.k ,oa [kcjksa ds iM+us okys izHkko ij dke ugha gks mPp osru u gksus ls vFkZO;OFkk ds csgrj tkudkj yksx jgk gSA bl is'ks esa vkus ls drjkrs gSa tcfd tks i=kdkj vk jgs gSa os ;k rks

bldh cM+h otg mPp izf'kf{kr vkfFkZd i=kdkjksa dk dkWelZ ds Nk=k jgs gSa ;k i=kdkfjrk ds nkSjku mUgksaus fctusl vHkko gksuk gSA vaxzsth ls vki rqyuk djsa rks xqtjkrh esa igyk i=kdkfjrk dk ,d lCtsDV i<+k Hkj gSA bruh lh i<+kbZ ls xgu vkfFkZd v[kckj vkus ds ckotwn brus lkyksa esa csgrj vkfFkZd vkSj etcwr ys[ku gksuk vlaHko gSA [kcjksa ds lkFk&lkFk vkfFkZd i=kdkj de gh rS;kj gks ik,A ehfM;k ?kjkuksa esa laHkor% fdlh us lk{kjrk dh ftEesnkjh Hkh bu i=kdkjksa ds da/ks ij gksrh gS ftls ;s Hkh vius ;gka dke dj jgs vkfFkZd i=kdkjksa dks mPp izf'k{k.k ugha fuHkk ugha ikrsA gkykafd] bldk ,d vLFkkbZ jkLrk ;gh gks ldrk fnyk;k gSA esjs [;ky ls os bls [kpkZ ekurs gSa fuos'k ughaA gS fd v[kckj vkmVlksflaZx djsaA

vly esa vkfFkZd [kcjksa ij T;knk dke 1992 esa Hkkjrh; vFkZ cxSj vuFkZ--bl dgkor dks ekurs gq, vc ehfM;k vFkZO;oLFkk ds [kqyus ij gqvk vkSj oSf'od eap ij Hkkjr dk dh ;g Hkh ftEesnkjh gS fd og vke tu dks vkfFkZd lk{kj cukus vkfFkZd egRo le>k tkus yxkA ljdkj us vFkZO;oLFkk dks [kksyus dk chM+k mBk,aA bl dk;Z ls tgka ns'k esa gj vkneh esa vkfFkZd ds vykok vkfFkZd lq/kkjksa ij rsth ls dke djuk 'kq: fd;kA blls ekeyksa ij le> iSnk gksxh] ogha ubZ ih<+h iSls dh dnz dj ik,xhA ijksls tk jgs lekpkjksa esa vkfFkZd lekpkjksa dk egRo c<+us yxkA vkt gekjh ?kjsyw cpr dkQh vPNh gS vkSj gekjh vFkZO;oLFkk dh fizaV ehfM;k vkSj Vhoh ehfM;k esa vkfFkZd [kcjksa dks rjthg nh tkus etcwrh dk ;gh vlyh gfFk;kj gSA ysfdu ubZ ih<+h ftl rjg yxhA blls igys Hkkjr esa fctusl pSuy Fks gh fdrusA ,lvkbZih ds ctk; bZ,evkbZ dk thou thuk pkgrh gS og vPNk

vkfFkZd mnkjhd.k dh gok us ns'k esa vusd fctusl Vhoh ugha gSA ns'k dks fo'o eap ij vkfFkZd egklÙkk ds :i esa LFkkfir pSuyksa dks tUe fn;k rks vkfFkZd v[kckjksa us Hkh vius dbZ u, djus ls igys ?kjsyw ekspsZ ij dkQh dke djuk gksxkA lqnwj cl jgs laLdj.k 'kq: fd,A xqtjkrh esa lHkh nSfudksa esa fctusl [kcjksa ij gj O;fä rd vkfFkZd lk{kjrk dk fe'ku igqapkuk gksxkA ist c<+sA dqN le; i'pkr rks ^fctusl LVSaMMZ*] ^Qkbusaf'k;y vkfFkZd lk{kjrk ds fy, bl le; tks iz;kl gks jgs gSa] os ,Dlizsl* vkSj ^bdkWukfed VkbEl* us vius xqtjkrh laLdj.k Hkh de gSaA ljdkj] iz'kklu nksuksa dks bl laca/k esa rst iz;kl djus gksaxs pkyw fd,A deksfMVh dks ysdj ̂deksfMVh oYMZ* v[kckj vk;kA ,oa Ldwy Lrj ij fofHkUu ikB;Øeksa ds rgr vkfFkZd elyksa ij

gkykafd] xqtjkrh vkfFkZd i=kdkfjrk eas bl le; tks cPpksa dks i<+kuk gksxk rkfd os iSls dk egRo le> ldsaA ;g dke daVasV ijkslk tk jgk gS mldh xq.koÙkk mÙke ugha gSA iw.kZ fctusl ljdkj ls Hkh T;knk vljdkjd :i esa i=kdkfjrk gh dj ldrh gSA v[kckjksa dks NksM+dj lkekU; xqtjkrh lekpkj&i=k vkt Hkh fiNys gj lekpkj i=k dks vkfFkZd fo"k;ksa dks ikBdksa rd mudh viuh <jsZ ds gh lekpkj ikBdksa dks ijksl jgs gSaA T;knkrj lekpkj Hkk"kkvksa esa ljy ,oa lgt <ax ls igqapkuk pkfg,A v[kckj vkfFkZd 'ks;j&deksfMVh lês] Hkko vkSj fNViqV [kcjksa ds jgrs gSaA lk{kjrk ij dke djsaxs rks LokHkkfod gS bldk lh/kk ykHk Hkh mUgsa

bu v[kckjksa esa vFkZO;oLFkk dks vHkh Hkh fo'ks"k egRo gh gksxk vkSj csgrj lekpkj&ys[k nsus okys v[kckjksa dk izlkj rsth ugha feyk gSA LdSe vkSj XySej ls Hkjh vkfFkZd [kcjksa dks pedk;k ls c<+sxkA q

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u;k nkSj] ubZ pqukSfr;kavpZuk xqlk.kh

jk"Vª esa fnu esa nks ckj lqcg gksrh gSA ;g mfä laHkor% ^[kcj*] ^yksdokr*] ^vklikl* vkSj ^xqM bofuax* ikBdksa ds ikl gjsd dkjksckj ;k jkstxkj ij de T;knk gn rd ykxw gksrh igqaprs gSaA twukx<+ ls Hkh ̂lkSjk"Vª Hkwfe* vkSj ̂twukx<+ VqMs* izdkf'kr gksxh ysfdu lkSjk"Vª ds fizaV ehfM;k [kkldj lka/; gksrs gSaA Hkkouxj dks lkSjk"Vª dh lkaLd`frd uxjh ekuk tkrk gSA

v[kckjksa ,oa ;gka gks jgh i=kdkfjrk ij rks fuf'pr :i ls ykxw Hkkouxj ls ^vktdky* vkSj ^lkSjk"Vª vklikl* uked gksrh gh gSA lka/; v[kckjksa dh vo/kkj.kk xqtjkr ds eq[; 'kgjksa esa lka/;dkyhu izdkf'kr gksrs gSaA ;gka 26 tuojh 2015 ls nks vkSj ftruh lqn`<+ gksuh pkfg, Fkh mruh gqbZ ughaA jkT; ds dbZ NksVs&cM+s lka/; v[kckj 'kq: gksus tk jgs gSaA blls ;g lkQ gS fd lkSjk"Vª dh 'kgjksa esa bldh 'kq#vkr gqbZ ysfdu lka/;dkyhu v[kckj ftl rjg turk dk #>ku lka/;dkyhu v[kckjksa ds izfr dkQh gSA iksjcanj lkSjk"Vª esa lQy gq, mudh ckr gh fujkyh gSA xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk ls Hkh ^vktdky* vkSj ^tuleFkZu* uked v[kckj 'kke dks ds bfrgkl vkSj fizaV ehfM;k esa vusd n`f"V ls ubZ jkg fn[kkus okys fudyrs gSaA tcfd vejsyh ,slk 'kgj gS tgka ,d lka/;dkyhu lkSjk"Vª ds pqfuank 'kgjksa esa rks lqcg ds nSfudksa dh rqyuk esa v[kckj ,d le; [kwc /kwe epk jgk Fkk ysfdu pkj o"kZ dk lQj lka/;dkyhu v[kckjksa dh la[;k vf/kd gSA ;s v[kckj [kwc fcdrs r; djus ds ckn ;g v[kckj can gks x;kA bl lka/;dkyhu dk Hkh gSa vkSj tedj i<+s Hkh tkrs gSaA lqcg vka[k [kqyrh gS rc pk; dh uke Fkk ^Qwyosy*A lkSjk"Vª dh rqyuk esa 'ks"k xqtjkr esa pqfLd;ksa ds lkFk v[kckj ns[kus] i<+us dh vknr j[kus okyh lkSjk"Vª lka/;dkyhu de fudyrs gSa vkSj i<+s Hkh de tkrs gSaA dqN 'kgjksa ds dh turk us nksigj ds ckn Hkh xjek xje xkfB;k vkSj tysch dh lka/;dkyhu rks ljdkjh foKkiu ls gksus okyh vk; dks /;ku esa rjg rktk lekpkjksa dks tkuus ds fy, lka/; v[kckjksa dks j[kdj U;wure dkWfi;ka fizaV djrs gSaA vgenkckn ls izdkf'kr gksus viuk;kA lkSjk"Vª ds eq[; 'kgjksa esa lka/; v[kckjksa vkSj mudh okys lka/;dkyhu esa êsVªks*] ôsLVuZ VkbEl*] ^vktdky* vkSj fodkl ;k=kk dks ns[ksa rks tkeuxj ls izdkf'kr ̂ ukscr* ik;ksfu;j êkuo fe=k* eq[; gSaA tcfd] oMksnjk ls ̂ ciksj lekpkj* vkSj lwjr bofuaxj ekuk tk ldrk gSA o"kZ 1962 esa 'kq: gqvk ;g v[kckj ls ̂ lwjr lkeuk*] ̂ izrki* ,oa ̂ uofuekZ.k* lfgr dqN lka/;dkyhu le;≤ ij cnyrk jgk vkSj u,&u, iz;ksx djrk jgkA ikBdksa izdkf'kr gksrs gSaA i=kdkfjrk dks tYnckth esa fy[kk x;k lkfgR; dh #fp vkSj VsDukykWth ds ifjorZu dks Lohdkj fd;k] viuk;k l`tu ekuk tkrk gSA ysfdu lka/;dkyhu v[kckjksa dh i=kdkfjrk vkSj vkt Hkh 'kku ls izdkf'kr gks jgk gSA tkeuxj ds ckn jktdksV FkksM+h cgqr gn rd vyx fn[krh gSA lka/; v[kckjksa dh vU; dk LFkku lka/; i=kdkfjrk esa izeq[k gSA o"kZ 1978 ls izdkf'kr gks v[kckjksa ds lkFk xykdkV izfrLi/kkZ] izkr%dkyhu v[kckjksa ds jgs ̂ vfdyk* dks lka/; v[kckjksa dh nqfu;k esa ehy dk iRFkj ekuk le{k fVds jgus dh rkdr vkSj csgn de le; esa ikBdksa ds gkFk esa tkrk gSA i=kdkjksa dh ,d iwjh ih<+h rS;kj djus okys bl v[kckj us igqapus dh gksM+ lfgr vusd pqukSfr;ka gS ghaA daVsaV] ysvkmV] U;wt ikBdksa dh uCt dks [kwc igpkukA jkspd ckr ;g gS fd jktdksV lysD'ku] okD; jpuk] Hkk"kk HkaMkj vkfn ekeyksa esa tSls nwljs dLcksa elyu tkeuxj ls ftrus izkr%dkyhu nSfud laiknd&fjiksVZj&mi laikndksa dks le>kSrk djuk iM+rk gSA foKkiu fudyrs gSa muls vf/kd lka/; v[kckj izdkf'kr gksrs gSaA jktdksV txr ds egkjFkh MsfoM vksfxyoh us dgk gS fd ̂ ikBdksa ds fny rd ls ̂ vfdyk*] ̂ lka> lekpkj*] ̂ vktdky*] ̂ vktrd*] ̂ vklikl*] igqapuk gks rks mUgsa tks Hkk"kk vkrh gks og Hkk"kk dke esa ysuh pkfg,] ^vc rd* rks tkeuxj ls ̂ ukscr* ds vykok ̂ Hkwfe*] ̂ vktdky*] eSa O;kdj.k ds fu;eksa dks ugha tkurkA* bl mfä dks de ;k T;knk

lkS

lkSjk"Vª esa yksdfiz; gSa lka/; v[kckjfoKkiu txr ds egkjFkh MsfoM vksfxyoh us dgk gS fd îkBdksa ds fny rd igqapuk gks rks mUgsa tks Hkk"kk vkrh gks og Hkk"kk dke esa ysuh pkfg,] eSa O;kdj.k ds fu;eksa dks ugha tkurkA^ bl mfä dks

de ;k T;knk :i esa lka/;dkyhu v[kckjksa us vkRelkr fd;k gSA

foe'kZehfM;k

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tuojh&ekpZ 2015

:i esa lka/;dkyhu v[kckjksa us vkRelkr fd;k gSA vke Hkk"kk] ,oa isijySl gks jgh U;wt dalsIV ds lkFk e`rizk;% u cuus ds fy, dgkor] eqgkojs vkSj pqfuank [kkldj dkfB;kokM+h yksdksfDr;ksa dks dej dl jgs gSaA ,d ckr ;g Hkh r; gS fd tc&tc dksbZ ubZ gSfMax ,oa lekpkj daVsaV esa lka/;dkyhu v[kckj [kqydj mi;ksx VsDukykWth ;k ek/;e vk;k rc&rc iqjkus dh ekSr gksus ;k eq[; dj jgs gSaA dbZ v[kckj rks bldh otg ls fcdrs gSa vkSj i<+s tkrs /kkjk ls nwj gks tkus dk gYyk eprk gh gSA vaxqyh ds Li'kZ ls nqfu;k gSaA ;gka ;g Hkh mYys[kuh; gS fd lka/; v[kckj ifjokj ds ctk; dks eqëh esa djus okys orZeku le; esa Hkh vktknh ls igys 'kq: gq, O;kikjh oxZ rd lhfer jgrs gSaA nqdku ;k dk;kZy; esa vkus okys v[kckj vijkftr ;ks)k dh rjg eSnku esa tes gq, gSa rks blds ihNs lka/; v[kckj jkr dks ifjokj ds vU; lnL; i<+ ysa ;g ckr vyx ,d gh dkj.k gS ikBdksa dh #fp dks ij[kdj] le; ds vuq:i gSA jktdksV ;k tkeuxj esa lka/; v[kckj u gks rks izkr%dkyhu cnyko djukA lkSjk"Vª ds lka/; v[kckjksa us Hkh cnyrs tekus ds v[kckjksa esa dke djus okys i=kdkj Hkh 'kke dks viax cu tkrs gSaA lkFk rky feykbZ gSA Hkk"kk] lkexzh] ysvkmV] fo"k; pquus esa ,sls v[kckjksa ds u gksus ij i=kdkjksa dks ;k rks Lis'ky LVksjh fy[kuh ifjorZu fd, gSaA ,tsaV~l dk usVodZ vf/kd ifjiDo vkSj lqn`<+ gksrh gS ;k ;g lksprs gSa fd vkt u;k D;k nsaA bl my>u esa Qals cuk;k] ftlls ikBdksa ds gkFk esa rsth ls v[kckj igqapsA gjsd i=kdkjksa dks fpafrr gqvk ns[kk tk ldrk gSA la{ksi esa lka/;dkyhu lka/;dkyhu v[kckj dh viuh osclkbV rks o"kksaZ ls gSA blds v[kckj izkr%dkyhu v[kckjksa ds i=kdkjksa ds fy, ^rkj.kgkj* dh vykok ̂ OgkVl vi* U;wt lfoZl Hkh gS tks lekpkj ¶yS'k gksus ds Hkwfedk Hkh fuHkkrs gSaA dgkor Hkh gS fd tgka lka/;dkyhu v[kckjksa ckn Hkh ikBdksa ;k eksckby/kkjdksa dks v[kckj ds lkFk Hkh tksM+dj esa [kcjsa iwjh gksrh gSa ogka ls izkr%dkyhu esa ;s 'kq: gksrh gSaA ,d j[krh gSA vgenkckn] Hkkouxj] jktdksV] tkeuxj] iksjcanj vkSj tekuk Fkk tc fizaV ehfM;k dk ikBdksa&iztk ij ,d N=k jkt FkkA Hkqt ls ,d lkFk izdkf'kr gksus okys lka/;dkyhu ^vktdky* ds bysDVªkWfud ehfM;k esa nwjn'kZu U;wt ,dek=k U;wt pSuy ;k L=kksr xzqi ,fMVj nhid jktkuh dgrs gSa fd orZeku le; esa csgrjhu FkkA jsfM;ks ij lekpkj lquus dk oSHko [kRe ugha gqvk Fkk rc gksus lka/; v[kckj izdkf'kr djuk ,d cM+h pqukSrh gSA lqcg ds okyh vlkekU; ?kVukvksa dh iy&iy dh tkudkjh ikdj lka/; v[kckj ds ikl rks fdlh Hkh lekpkj ;k ?kVuk dh lkjh tkudkjh nSfud ,d ist dk fo'ks"k vad izdkf'kr djrs Fks vkSj ;g fo'ks"k tqVkus ls ysdj ys vkmV ;k ist IyslesaV ds fy, dkQh le; jgrk vad xjekxje Hkft;k dh rjg QVkQV fcd tkrk FkkA ;g bl gS tcfd lka/;dkyhu v[kckjksa ds ikl ,slk ekSdk ugha jgrkA lkFk ckr dk ekinaM Fkk fd yksx lekpkj tkuus] ikus ds fy, fdrus gh lka/;dkyhu v[kckjksa ds ikl Mkd ,oa flVh ,fM'ku ds chp ykykf;r jgrs FksA jktdksV dh gh ckr dh tk, rks egkjk"Vª ds le;kof/k dkQh de jgrh gSA MsMykbu dk ikyu djus vkSj gks ykrwj esa vkus okys Hkwdai] o"kZ 1993 esa eqacbZ CykLV] jktu dk lds ftruk tYnh ikBdksa ds gkFk esa v[kckj igqapkus dk dk;Z iwjk lq/khj flUgk }kjk fd;k x;k ,udkmaVj---tSlh vusd ?kVukvksa ij djus ds fy, dkQh e'kDdr djuh gksrh gSA ;gka rks gj jkst ,flM fudys ,d ist ds fo'ks"k vad vkt Hkh yksxksa dks ;kn gaSA ,d&nwljs VsLV !! jktkuh dgrs gSa fd lkSjk"Vª esa fo'ks"kdj jktdksV] tkeuxj] v[kckjksa esa ;g rst izfrLi/kkZ gks jgh gS fd dkSu lcls igys twukx<+] Hkkouxj esa lka/;dkyhu v[kckj dk ;qx lekIr ugha gqvk fo'ks"kkad ikBdksa rd igqapkrk gS vkSj ;g izfrLi/kkZ ikBdksa ds fy, mldh otg ;g gS fd cnyrs tekus esa le; ds izokg vkSj ikBdksa ykHknk;h jgrh FkhA tcfd vkt] iwjk flusfj;ks gh cny x;k gSA ds VsLV ds vuqdwy cuus esa ge foQy ugha jgs vkSj vkxs vkus okyh uke rd ;kn u jgs brus Vhoh pSuyksa dh Hkjekj gks xbZ gS vkSj ;s ubZ VsDukykWth dks viukdj mlds lkFk pyus dh gekjh iwjh&iwjh 24X7 ?kaVs gYyk epkrs jgrs gSaA ?kVuk ?kVus dh tkudkjh feuV esa rS;kjh gS ghA vkf[kdkj ikBd gh loksZijh gSaA vkt dk ikBd bl ugha] lSd.M esa gh eksckby ij] ;w&V;wc ij viyksM gks tkrh gS vkSj ckr dks ysdj Li"V gS fd mls [kqn dks D;k pkfg, ,oa mls tks lekpkj ,dne gSaMh cu x, gSaA ?kVuk dh rg rd tkus ;k lwpuk lwpuk ;k lekpkj pkfg, mlds fy, mlds ikl ,d ls T;knk ikus ds fy, ikBdksa dks lqcg ;k 'kke rd bartkj djus dh t:jr fodYi gSaA ;kuh lkQ gS tks ehfM;k ?kjkus ikBd dh utj esa cus ugha jgrhA baVjusV us iwjh nqfu;k dks vkids gkFk esa jgus okyh jgus ds fy, lcy vkSj l{ke gksaxs os gh fVds jg ik,axs] ckdh [kRe fLØu ij igqapk fn;k gSA ,sls esa v[kckjksa ds le{k muds vfLrRo gks tk,axsA

¼ysf[kdk fnO; HkkLdj ds jktdksV laLdj.k esa ds fy, tksjnkj pqukSrh iSnk gqbZ gSA ^fQVsLV gw lokZbo* dks ns[krs MsLd gSM ds in ij dk;Zjr gSaA½gq, lHkh ehfM;k [kqn dh lkjh rkdr] 'kfä vkSj tksj yxk gh jgs gSa

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u;k nkSj] ubZ pqukSfr;karq"kkj f=osnh

y i=kdkfjrk [kkldj xqtjkrh [ksy i=kdkfjrk ds ckjs esa tkrk Fkk ysfdu [ksy izsfe;ksa dks vPNh Hkk"kk esa csgrj fjiksVZ feys dksbZ ys[k fy[kus dks dgs rks okdbZ cM+h ckr dgh tk,xhA blds fy, iz;kl fuf'pr :i ls gksrs FksA blds vykok] ml le;

bl fo"k; ij blls igys 'kk;n gh fdlh us fy[kus ds fy, dgk fØdsV ;k vU; [ksyksa esa vkt dh rjg xgu fo'ys"k.k ugha gksrk gksA xqtjkrh esa [ksy i=kdkfjrk ds ckjs esa bruk fdlh us lkspk gks] FkkA o"kZ 1984 esa vksyfEiDl ds iwoZ v[kckjksa us ,d fo'ks"kkad ;g Hkh eq>s ;kn ughaA bl laca/k esa ehfM;k foe'kZ ds laiknd dk izdkf'kr fd;k Fkk ,oa blds ckn ls fofHkUu vksyfEiDl ;k bl ftruk vfHkuanu fd;k tk,] de gksxkA rjg dh esxk bosaV dks cM+s Lrj ij doj fd;k tkrk gSA

laHkor% blh otg ls xqtjkrh [ksy i=kdkfjrk ds ckjs esa 1950 ds n'kd esa ,d gSfMax ls gh vkbfM;k vk tk,xk ckrsa tkuus ;k i<+us dks ugha feyhaA bls [ksy i=kdkfjrk dk nqHkkZX; fd ml le; fdl rjg dh fjiksfVaZx gksrh Fkh ;k fdu ckrksa dk dgk tk ldrk gSA ysfdu vc xqtjkrh [ksy i=kdkfjrk dk fodkl /;ku j[kk tkrk FkkA ,d VsLV Ük`a[kyk esa Hkkjrh; dIrku ykyk gks jgk gSA xqtjkrh [ksy i=kdkfjrk dh ckr dh tk, rks 1980 ds vejukFk Fks vkSj os bl Ük`a[kyk ds ikapksa VsLV esa VkWl gkj x, FksA n'kd ds var rd lewps xqtjkr esa ,d Hkh v[kckj [ksy txr dh ;kn jgs os ikapksa VsLV ugha dsoy VkWl gkjs Fks ysfdu ,d v[kckj us [kcjksa ds fy, ,d ist ftruh txg Hkh ugha nsrk FkkA tcfd] gSfMax yxk;k Fkk fd deulhc ykyk ikapoha ckj VkWl gkj x,A bldh rqyuk esa VkbEl vkWQ bafM;k vkSj bafM;u ,Dlizsl nksuksa vkt fdlh Hkh fØdsV eSp dh fjiksfVaZx esa VkWl ij gSfMax ugha gksrk] v[kckj iwjk ist [ksy [kcjksa ds fy, j[krs FksA ;g vk/kqfud fØdsV gS ysfdu ldkjkRed :i ls fopkj djsa rks bl

v[kckj vc [ksy txr dh [kcjksa dks fdruk egRo nsrs gSa tekus esa VkWl dh fpark mruh ugha gksrh tks ml le; dh tkrh FkhA vkSj igys de txg D;ksa nsrs Fks] bl laca/k esa vkxs ckr djsaxsA bl rjg igys vkSj vkt dkQh ifjorZu vk;kA ysfdu blls igys 1960 ds n'kd ds e/; esa ̂ f[kykM+h* if=kdk dh [ksy txr dh [kcjksa dh dojst ij ckr djsa rks vkt Hkh 'kq#vkr uku'kk Bkdksj us dh Fkh vkSj xqtjkfr;ksa dks [ksy txr dh xqtjkrh v[kckjksa esa fØdsV dks lcls T;knk txg nh tkrh gSA tkudkjh mudh viuh Hkk"kk esa feyrh FkhA blls iwoZ 1940 ls blds ckn gkWdh ¼jk"Vªh; [ksy gS blfy,½ vkSj fQj xzkaMLySe Vsful 1950 ds n'kd esa xqtjkrh lekpkj i=kksa ,oa [kkldj ^xqtjkr dks vgfe;r nh tkrh gSA fiNys dkQh le; ls lkfu;k fetkZ] lekpkj* vkSj ^lans'k* esa [ksy txr dh [kcjsa vkrh FkhaA bu lkbuk usgoky ;k fo'oukFku vkuan] egs'k Hkwifr] fy,aMj isl tSls lekpkjksa esa j.kth VªkWQh dh [kcjksa dks vf/kd egRo fn;k tkrk f[kykfM+;ksa ds vkxeu ls Hkkjrh; ,oa [kkldj xqtjkrh i=kdkj FkkA mu fnuksa VsLV fØdsV dks gh T;knk vgfe;r nh tkrh FkhA fØdsV ds vykok vU; [ksyksa ds izfr tkx`r gq, gSa] ;g vPNh ckr

ckotwn blds ;kn gS fd vxLr 1978 esa ohuw ekadM dk gSAfu/ku gqvk rc muds ifjokj ds lkFk ,d QksVksxzkQ ^xqtjkr vc xqtjkrh lekpkj i=k dsoy fØdsV oYMZ di gh ugha lekpkj* esa mlh fnu NikA ml le; eqacbZ ls ,d gh fnu esa ?kVuk vfirq vksyfEiDl] ,f'k;k di] dkWeuoSYFk xse vkSj fo'o di dh fjiksVZ vkSj QksVks vkus dh dYiuk ugha FkhA ;|fi] ml le; QqVcky dks Hkh egRo ns jgs gSaA 2010 esa dkWeuoSYFk xse dk [ksy txr dh QksVks ;k fjiksVZ dks v[kckjksa esa [kkl egRo ugha fn;k vk;kstu fnYyh esa gqvk rc vusd xqtjkrh i=kdkjksa dks [kkl

[ks

vc Qy&Qwy jgh gS [ksy i=kdkfjrkvc xqtjkrh v[kckjksa ds ikl [ksy lekpkj doj djus ds fy, vxy ls LVkQ gSA vyx ls QksVksxzkQj gS vkSj dbZ v[kckjksa esa rks dsoy [ksy txr ds istksa ds fy,

vyx ls fMtkbuj Hkh j[ks x, gSaA yxHkx gj v[kckj [ksy txr ls tqM+s ys[k vius lkIrkfgd vkSj v/kZ lkIrkfgd lIyhesaV esa Hkh nsrs gSaA

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dojst djus dk ekSdk feyk FkkA tcfd] 1982 ds ,f'k;kM ds dks ̂ lans'k* v[kckj esa tkdj [ksy [kcjksa dks fy[krs FksA bl rjg os le; ,slk volj ugha feyk FkkA blls ;g irk pyrk gS fd 1980 ikVZ Vkbe ukSdjh ds :i esa [ksy [kcjksa dks laHkkyrs FksA dqekjiky ds n'kd esa xqtjkrh [ksy i=kdkfjrk vkSj ekStwnk [ksy i=kdkfjrk nslkbZ ,d dkyst esa izksQslj Fks vkSj ikVZ Vkbe [kcjksa ij dke djrs dh fLFkfr fdruh cnyh gSA FksA blh rjg oMksnjk esa vjfoan O;kl ¼,Mh½ Fks tks 'kq#vkr esa ikVZ

blds vykok nwljk vPNk i{k ;g gS fd vc dsoy [ksy Vkbe ukSdjh ds :i esa [ksy i=kdkfjrk esa vk, vkSj ckn esa Qqy i=kdkfjrk ds fy, i=kdkj eSnku esa vk x, gSaA iwoZ esa ftl Vkbe ;gh dk;Z djus yxsA xqtjkrh [ksy i=kdkfjrk dks ,Mh dk ^f[kykM+h* if=kdk dh ckr dh] ml if=kdk esa Hkh fØdsV dks vf/kd vewY; ;ksxnku jgkA mUgksaus fØdsV ds vykok vU; [ksyksa dks txg egRo fn;k tkrk FkkA ml le; v[kckjksa esa ek=k nks ;k rhu dkWye nsus esa dHkh ladksp ugha fd;kAftruh txg gh [ksy txr dh [kcjksa dks nh tkrh FkhA uku'kk bl nkSjku bafM;u ,Dlizsl lewg ds ̂ tulÙkk&yksdlÙkk* Bkdksj ds lkFk ?ku';ke Hkkolkj tSls i=kdkjksa us ^f[kykM+h* dh us [ksy txr ds fy, ,d&nks dkWye dh lhek ls ckgj vkdj ,d 'kq#vkr dh FkhA iwjk ist nsus dh 'kq#vkr dhA vgenkckn ls ^tulÙkk* vkSj

Bkdksj i=kdkj ls T;knk iz'kklfud vf/kdkjh vf/kd Fks oMksnjk ls blh lewg dk ^yksdlÙkk* v[kckj izdkf'kr gksrk Fkk vkSj os fØdsV ,lksfl,'ku ds lkFk tqM+s gq, FksA ?ku';ke Hkkolkj ftlesa ,Mh O;kl vkSj vgenkckn ls vkjaHk esa vk'kqrks"k iVsy vkSj v[kckj esa laiknd Fks vkSj dsoy [ksyksa ds lkFk ugha tqM+s gq, FksA ml ckn esa Lo;a ys[kd rq"kkj f=kosnh us ;g ftEesnkjh laHkkyhA vc rd nkSjku dqekjiky nslkbZ vkSj txnh'k fcUuhokys dk cM+k uke FkkA ^tulÙkk* ds vykok vU; fdlh Hkh v[kckj us [ksy txr dh okLro esa rks xqtjkr dh [ksy i=kdkfjrk esa ;s ikW;ksfu;j FksA ysfdu [kcjksa dks bruk egRo ugha fn;k FkkA vU; v[kckj VsLV fØdsV ds ;s dsoy [ksy i=kdkj ds :i esa viuk dfj;j u cuk ldsA txnh'k vykok nwljs [ksyksa dks [ksy Hkh ugha ekurs FksA gka] vksyfEiDl esa fcUuhokys ,d e'kgwj daiuh esa ukSdjh djrs Fks vkSj gj jkst 'kke Hkkjr us Lo.kZ ind thrk gks rc ;k gkWdh ds lekpkj t:j

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izdkf'kr djrs FksA ysfdu o"kZ 2000 ds ckn vU; [ksyksa dh [kcjsa Hkh bl ist ij txg la{ksi esa 1980 ds vkjaHk rd xqtjkrh [ksy i=kdkjksa dks ikus yxhaA

dksbZ iwNrk ugha Fkk vFkok mudh fLFkfr vPNh ugha FkhA Hkjiwj ,sls vusd [ksy gSa ftudh fjiksVZ dsoy vksyfEid ds mRlkg gksus ds ckotwn dksbZ Hkh [ksy i=kdkfjrk dks ugha viukrk Fkk nkSjku gh i<+us dks feyrh Fkh ysfdu vc Vsful dh xzkaM LySe ds ,oa blesa ukSdjh feyus dh xqatkb'k Hkh ugha FkhA 1982 esa Hkkjr esa vykok fofHkUu VwukZesaV] gkWdh ds yhx eSp ;k bfXy'k izhfe;j yhx ,f'k;kbZ [ksyksa dk vk;kstu gqvk vkSj 1983 esa dfiynso dh fØdsV QqVcky ;k j.kth VªkWQh dh [kcjsa [kwc LFkku ikus yxha vkSj ;g Vhe us baXySaM esa oYMZ di thrkA flyflyk vkt Hkh tkjh gSA xqtjkrh v[kckj vc dsoy fØdsV ds

bu nks ?kVukvksa us dsoy fØdsV gh ugha vfirq xqtjkrh fy, gh eksgrkt ugha jgs cfYd dbZ ckj rks txg gks rks fØdsV ds i=kdkfjrk dh dk;k iyV dj nhA 1989 esa lfpu rsanqydj dk lekpkj ysus dh fLFkfr iSnk gksrh gS] blls csgrj jkspd D;k gksxkA vkxeu gqvk vkSj dsoy Hkkjr gh ugha cfYd oYMZ fØdsV esa cM+s vc xqtjkrh v[kckjksa ds ikl [ksy lekpkj doj djus Lrj ij ifjorZu gq,A bu ?kVukvksa dh otg ls xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk ds fy, vxy ls LVkQ gSA vyx ls QksVksxzkQj gSa vkSj dbZ esa Hkh O;kid ifjorZu gqvkA v[kckjksa esa rks dsoy [ksy txr ds istksa ds fy, vyx ls fMtkbuj

Hkkjr us fo'o di thrk vkSj blds i'pkr chlhlhvkbZ Hkh j[ks x, gSaA yxHkx gj v[kckj [ksy txr ls tqM+s ys[k vius izksQs'kuy cuk ,oa xqtjkrh v[kckjksa dks Hkh le> esa vk;k fd lkIrkfgd vkSj v/kZ lkIrkfgd lIyhesaV esa Hkh nsrs gSaA xqtjkrh fØdsV ls iSlk fey ldrk gSA lfpu rsanqydj ds vkus ds ckn irk lkIrkfgd ,oa ekfld if=kdkvksa esa Hkh vc [ksy txr ls tqM+s ys[kksa pyk fd fØdsV ls dekbZ gks ldrh gS vkSj [ksy i=kdkfjrk dk dks fo'ks"k LFkku fn;k tkrk gSA

¼ys[kd VkbEl vkWQ bafM;k ds xqtjkrh nSfud uoxqtjkr le; esa [ksy fodkl 'kq: gqvkAlaiknd gSaA blls igys os tulÙkk xqtjkrh ,oa fnO; HkkLdj esa Hkh [ksy yxHkx blh vof/k esa gjsd xqtjkrh v[kckj us iwjk ,d

laiknd jg pqds gSaA ys[kd chlhlhvkbZ ds DokWfyQkbZ Ldksjj Hkh gSaA½ist [ksy [kcjksa dks lefiZr fd;kA ;|fi] vHkh rd rks fØdsV dks gh egRo fn;k tkrk Fkk vkSj vf/kdrj [kcjsa fØdsV dh gksrh Fkh

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u;k nkSj] ubZ pqukSfr;kafoØe odhy

g ckr 1994 dh nhokyh ds vklikl dh gSA ml le; muds fy, fofo/k vaxzsth v[kckjksa ds fodYi [kqys FksA vkt 20 eqacbZ ls izdkf'kr lkIrkfgd ^vfHk;ku* lewg us eqacbZ eas o"kZ ckn mi;qZDr xqtjkrh v[kckjksa esa ls îzoklh*] ^lekarj*]

lka/;dkyhu v[kckj ^lekarj* 'kq: djus dh ;kstuk r; dhA ^ledkyhu* can gks pqds gSa vkSj feM&Ms lewg dk xqtjkrh ̂ feM&Ms* laiknd ds :i esa esjh fu;qfä gqbZA ̂ vfHk;ku* esa xqtjkr ds C;wjks vkSj dqN le; igys gh xqtjkr ls izdkf'kr ^lans'k* dk eqacbZ phQ ds :i esa ns'k Hkj esa ?kwe&?kwedj fjiksfVaZx djus dk vuqHko FkkA laLdj.k 'kq: gqvk gSAeqacbZ esa Hkh dkQh dke fd;k FkkA tcfd] nSfud ds laiknd ds :i vkt eqacbZ dh xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk dh gkyr dSlh gS\ esa dk;Z djus dh ftEesnkjh igyh ckj Lohdkj dh FkhA mRlkgh ^xqtjkr lekpkj* igys uacj ij gSA ̂ eqacbZ lekpkj* nwljs LFkku ij izca/ku us laHkkfor xqtjkrh ikBdksa dk losZ djkuk r; fd;kA ;g gSA ̂ fnO; HkkLdj* Bhd&Bhd gSA ̂ lans'k* Bqed&Bqed dj pyus dh dke ,d ,slh ,tsalh dks lkSaik x;k ftlds ,ech, ;k nwljh mPp dksf'k'k dj jgk gSA lka/;dkyhu esa ^feM&Ms* xqtjkrh vkSj fMfxz;ka j[kus okys LVkQ esa ls fdlh dks Hkh xqtjkrh fy[kuk&i<+uk ^tUeHkwfe* eSnku esa gSA ysfdu lp ;g gS fd vkt ls 20 o"kZ ckn ugha vkrk FkkA dqN fnuksa ckn rS;kj gqbZ losZ fjiksVZ izca/ku ds lkFk eqacbZ esa xqtjkrh ds fdrus v[kckj fcdsaxs] ;g csgn xaHkhj loky ehfVax esa is'k gqbZA fjiksVZ dks ns[kdj igyk fopkj bls dwMs+nku esa gSA eqacbZ esa ubZ ih<+h dk xqtjkrh ;qok 'kk;n gh xqtjkrh i<+&fy[k Mkyus dk gqvkA fjiksVZ esa ,d uksV ,slk Fkk fd eqacbZ ds VhustlZ ikrk gSA eSaus eqacbZ esa ,sls vusd xqtjkrh ?kj ns[ks gSa tgka ,d Hkh ikBdksa dks vkdf"kZr djus ds fy, dSls ys[k izdkf'kr fd, tkus xqtjkrh v[kckj ugha eaxk;k tkrkA eqacbZ ds xqtjkfr;ksa vkSj pkfg,A jkspd ckr ;g gS fd vkt ls 20 o"kZ igys Hkh eqacbZ ds xqtjkr ds xqtjkfr;ksa dh ykbQ LVkby vyx gSA ;g vyx ykbQ vf/kdrj xqtjkrh VhustlZ v[kckj rks D;k xqtjkrh Hkk"kk ls Hkh LVkby xqtjkr&eqacbZ dh i=kdkfjrk esa Hkh >ydrh gSA eqacbZ esa vutku FksA vkokl ,oa dk;ZLFky ds chp yack varj gSA ,dne lcsjs yksdy

xqtjkrh VhustlZ ftl v[kckj dks i<+rs Fks og ^VkbEl Vªsu ls vkWfQl tkus okys xqtjkfr;ksa dks ?kj ij vkus okys v[kckj vkWQ bafM;k* ;k ^feM&Ms* FkkA ml le; lqcg êqacbZ lekpkj*] i<+us dk le; ugha gksrk blfy, ̂ feM&Ms* xqtjkrh ,oa ̂ tUeHkwfe* ^xqtjkr lekpkj*] ^ledkyhu* vkSj îzoklh* ,oa 'kke dks lka/;dkyhu gksus ds ckotwn ysV ekWfuaZx laLdj.k izdkf'kr djrs gSa ^tUeHkwfe* tSls xqtjkrh v[kckj izdkf'kr gksrs FksA bu lHkh ,oa ;gh oxZ buds izlkj dk cM+k fgLlk gSA v[kckjksa ds ikBdksa dk cM+k oxZ 28&30 ls 60&70 o"kZ dh vk;q dk vf/kdrj ikBdksa dks Vªsu esa [kM+s&[kM+s ;k=kk djuh gksrh gS] FkkA xqtjkrh ikBdksa dks [kklrkSj ij 'ks;j cktkj] deksfMVh cktkj] ;kuh NksVs ;k VscykW;M lkbt ds v[kckjksa dh izFkk 'kq: gqbZ vkSj ghjk cktkj ;k vU; dkjksckj ls tqM+s lekpkj esa vf/kd #fp FkhA lQy jghA vpjt dh ckr ;g gS fd eqacbZ ds lka/;dkyhu tks ;qok ykbQ LVkby] LiksVZl ;k foKku tSls fo"k; i<+uk pkgrs Fks xqtjkrh v[kckjksa dk ftruk izlkj gS mruk izlkj ¼jktdksV dks

;

xqtjkr ,oa eqacbZ dh xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk esa D;k gS QdZ

vkt eqacbZ dh xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk dh gkyr dSlh gS\ ^xqtjkr lekpkj* igys uacj ij gSA êqacbZ lekpkj* nwljs LFkku ij gSA ^fnO; HkkLdj* Bhd&Bhd gSA ^lans'k* Bqed&Bqed dj pyus dh dksf'k'k dj jgk gSA lka/;dkyhu esa ^feM&Ms* xqtjkrh vkSj ^tUeHkwfe* eSnku esa gSA ysfdu lp ;g gS fd vkt ls

20 o"kZ ckn eqacbZ esa xqtjkrh ds fdrus v[kckj fcdsaxs] ;g csgn xaHkhj loky gSA

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NksM+dj½ xqtjkr ds vU; fdlh Hkh 'kgj ls izdkf'kr lka/;dkyhu i=kdkfjrk ds fy, Hkh jktuhfrd jkt/kkuh dkQh vge gksrh gSA xqtjkrh v[kckj dk ugha gSA ;g D;ksaA bl loky dk tokc ikus ds eqacbZ ds ikBdksa ds fy, xqtjkr dh jktuhfr esa D;k py jgk gS] fy, xqtjkr&eqacbZ dh xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk ds chp varj le>uk dkSu fdl in ij gS vkSj bldh rqyuk esa egkjk"Vª dh jktuhfr] t:jh gSA jktusrkvksa vkSj vf/kdkfj;ksa ds ckjs esa tkuus dh bPNk T;knk gksrh

dbZ yksxksa dks irk ugha gksxk fd eqacbZ ls izdkf'kr ̂ eqacbZ gSA egkjk"Vª esa ejkBh Hkkf"k;ksa dk cgqla[;d gksuk LokHkkfod gSA lekpkj* ns'k dk lcls iqjkuk v[kckj gSA ikjlh /keZxq# Qwjnksuth bl otg ls ejkBh vkSj vaxzsth Hkk"kk ds v[kckjksa dk egRo 'kkldksa etZcku us 1822 esa lkIrkfgd ds :i esa bldh 'kq#vkr dh FkhA ds fy, vf/kd gksuk r; gS ,oa blh otg ls eqacbZ ds xqtjkrh ml le; bldk uke ^eqacbZuk lekpkj* FkkA 1832 esa bl i=kdkjksa ds fy, jktuhfrd chV esa [kkl ;k [kksth tkudkjh tqVk lkIrkfgd dks nSfud esa cnyk x;k vkSj bldk uke ̂ckWEcs lekpkj* ikuk yksgs ds pus pckus tSlk dke gSA xqtjkr ds izeq[k v[kckjksa esa j[kk x;kA ̂ fgrsPNq* xqtjkr ls izdkf'kr gksus okyk igyk v[kckj Nius okys jktuhfrd ys[kksa] lekpkjksa ;k fo'ys"k.kksa dk tks izHkko Fkk ftldh 'kq#vkr lkIrkfgd ds :i esa gqbZ ysfdu 1873 esa bls ;k vlj xqtjkr ds jktusrkvksa ij iM+rk gS mldk 20 izfr'kr nSfud fd;k x;kA izHkko Hkh eqacbZ ds xqtjkrh v[kckjksa dk eqacbZ ds jktusrkvksa ij ugha

1960 rd rks eqacbZ&xqtjkr ,d gh Fks ysfdu 1960 esa iM+rk ;g LokHkkfod gSAxqtjkr jkT; dh LFkkiuk gqbZ vkSj eqacbZ egkjk"Vª jkT; dh jkt/kkuh eqacbZ ds xqtjkrh v[kckjksa dks lekpkj ds p;u esa cuk rc ls jktuhfrd lehdj.k cnysA LokHkkfod gS fd LFkkuh; xqtjkrh ikBdksa ds VsLV dks /;ku esa j[kuk t:jh gksrk gS

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tcfd] xqtjkr ds v[kckjksa ds vf/kdrj ikBd xqtjkrh gksus ls x, gSaA tcfd] bl ekeys esa eqacbZ 'kk;n FkksM+k vyx gSAbl leL;k dk lkeuk ugha djrsA igys crk;k ml rjg] eqacbZoklh oklqnso esgrk] gjlq[k la?kk.kh] xq.koar 'kkg] uxsUnzZ xqtjkfr;ksa dk ;k=kk le; xqtjkr ds xqtjkfr;ksa dh rqyuk esa fot;] nsosUnz iVsy] Hkxorhdqekj 'kekZ] t; olkoMk] Hkosu dPNh] vf/kd [kpZ gksus ls igsyh ;k ØkWloMZ tSlh lkexzh ds fy, Hkh dbZ fouksn Hkê tSls LVkj ys[kd xqtjkr ds gSa rks gleq[k xka/kh] ikBd [kkl v[kckj [kjhnrs gSaA blh otg ls xqtjkr ds ctk; gjfd'ku esgrk] dkafr Hkê] 'khyk Hkê] panzdkar c{kh] lkSjHk 'kkg] eqacbZ ds lka/;dkyhu v[kckj vf/kd lQy gSA ̂ xqtjkr lekpkj* Hkkypanz tkuh] rkjd esgrk] o"kkZ ikBd tSls ys[kd&i=kdkj eqacbZ ;k ̂ lans'k* tSls cM+s ehfM;k ?kjkus Hkh vgenkckn] lwjr] jktdksV esa dh nsu dgs tk ldrs gSaA xqtjkr esa lkSjk"Vª ds ikBd ftrus lka/;dkyhu v[kckj pykus dh dksf'k'k dj pqds gSa ysfdu foQy fjLiksaflo gSa mrus gh eqacbZ ds xqtjkrh ikBd Hkh fjLiksaflo gSaA jgsA lkSjk"Vª ds jktdksV tSls 'kgj esa ^vfdyk*] ^lka> lekpkj* ikBdksa ds fjLiksal ds ckjs esa lwjr&vgenkckn ds ikBd lcls T;knk vkSj ^vktdky* tSls lka/;dkyhu v[kckjksa dh fcØh [kwc vPNh datwl gSaA 'kk;n ;g elyk xqtjkr vkSj eqacbZ dh i=kdkfjrk esa Hkh gSA jktdksV esa nksigj 1 ls 4 cts rd nqdkusa ,oa dkjksckjh fjQysDV gksrk gSAizfr"Bku can jgrs gSa vkSj nksigj ckn fQj ls tc ;s viuk fiNys yxHkx Ms<+ n'kd ls xqtjkrh lkIrkfgdksa dh izlkj dkedkt 'kq: djrs gSa rks dbZ yksx etkd esa dgrs gSa fd la[;k vkSj DokfyVh nksuksa fcxM+ jgh gSA vpjt dh ckr gS fd jktdksVokfl;ksa dh nwljh lqcg 'kq: gks jgh gSA laHkor% blh xqtjkr ls izdkf'kr gksus okys nks lQy lkIrkfgdksa dh vdky e`R;q dkj.ko'k jktdksV esa lka/;dkyhu v[kckjksa dh fcØh lcls T;knk gks xbZ FkhA uxsUnz fot; dk ̂ ¶yS'k* vkSj xqtjkr lekpkj lewg dk gSA ;g fjlpZ dk fo"k; Hkh gS\ ^vklikl* lkIrkfgd o"kksaZ igys can gks x,A nks n'kd igys eqacbZ

eqacbZ ns'k dh vkfFkZd jkt/kkuh gksus ds vykok fganh ls izdkf'kr ̂ fp=kys[kk* vkSj ̂ vfHk;ku* lkIrkfgd dh rwrh dsoy fQYe m|ksx dk dsanz Hkh gS ftlls fdlh Hkh v[kckj ds fy, eqacbZ gh ugha cfYd xqtjkr ds jktuhfrd xfy;kjksa esa Hkh cksyrh lsfyfczVh dk dojst dkQh vge gks tkrk gSA ist&3 dh chV FkhA ̂ fp=kys[kk* vkSj ̂vfHk;ku* us jk"Vªh; Lrj dh dbZ fjiksVZl czsd laHkkyus okys xqtjkrh i=kdkj ds fy, vaxqyh ij fxuh tk lds ,slh dh Fkh] ftls xqtjkr dk ,d Hkh lkIrkfgd ugha dj ldkA eqacbZ esa nl lsfyfczVh dks dojst djus ds ckn gj jkst ubZ lsfyfczVh <wa<+uk cSBs&cSBs 'khyk Hkê&dkafr Hkê xqtjkr ljdkj dks fgykrs jgrsA eqf'dy gSA dsoy fganh fQYesa gh ugha xqtjkrh ukV~; {ks=k esa Hkh xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk dh Ldwy ekus tkus okys Js"B i=kdkj gleq[k eqacbZ xqtjkr dh rqyuk esa dkQh vkxs gSa ;kuh lkW¶V QhplZ djus xka/kh vkSj muds laiknu esa 'kq: gq, ,Dlizsl lewg ds v[kckj okys xqtjkrh i=kdkjksa ds fy, xqtjkr ds ctk; eqacbZ esa vf/kd ^ledkyhu* us 80&90 ds n'kd esa [kwc /kwe epkbZ] mls dkSu Hkwy elkyk feyuk LokHkkfod gSA eqacbZ ds xqtjkrh i=kdkj ds fy, ldrk gSAxqtjkrh ds vykok ejkBh] fganh vkSj vaxzsth Hkk"kk ij vf/kdkj ,d ckr r; gS fd xqtjkr ,oa eqacbZ dh xqtjkrh gksuk t:jh gSA gdhdr Hkh gS fd xqtjkr ds ctk; eqacbZ ds i=kdkfjrk vyx gS] dkj.k ikBd vyx gSaA xqtjkr ds ikBdksa dks i=kdkjksa dks vaxzsth ,oa ejkBh dh csgrj tkudkjh gksuk t:jh gSA /;ku esa j[kdj izdkf'kr gksus okys v[kckj eqacbZ ds ikBdksa dks mnkgj.k ds fy, ;fn vki eqacbZ esa Økbe chV doj djrs gSa rks larq"V ugha dj ldrsA blh rjg] eqacbZ ds ikBdksa dks /;ku esa iqfyl foHkkx esa [kkl L=kksr cukus ds fy, ejkBh Hkk"kk dh [kklh j[kdj fudy jgs v[kckj xqtjkr ds ikBdksa dks vkuan ugha ns tkudkjh gksuk t:jh gSA ldrsA eqacbZ esa xqtjkr ds v[kckjksa ds laLdj.k pkyw dj gkFk tyk

xqtjkr ,oa eqacbZ dh i=kdkfjrk dh rqyuk djsa rks nksuksa esa pqds izdk'kdksa ls ;g ckr T;knk dkSu le> ldrk gS\¼ys[kd xqtjkr ls izdkf'kr lkIrkfgd v[kckj gkWVykbu ds laiknd gSaA ,d ckr leku gSA lIrkg esa lkrksa fnu fofo/k fo"k;ksa ij jaxhu vius dfj;j dh 'kq#vkr 1986 esa eqacbZ ls izdkf'kr vfHk;ku lkIrkfgd lIyhesaV nsuk t:jh gS ghA bl laca/k esa xqtjkr ds ikBd vf/kd ds lkFk dh FkhA ujsUnz eksnh dh iRuh t'kksnkcsu dk loZizFke baVjO;w djus HkkX;'kkyh gSaA ;kuh xqtjkrh v[kckjksa dks xqtjkrh Hkkstu dh Fkkyh okys foØe odhy us Lo- vejflag pkS/kjh dh nwljh 'kknh ls ysdj lyk;k

esa ijksls x, fofo/k O;atuksa dh rjg efgyk] fQYe] foKku] [ksy] ds rLdjksa dh nqfu;k--tSls vusd Ldwi vfHk;ku ds fy, fd,A 1994 esa /keZ---tSls fofo/k fo"k;ksa ij Hkjiwj lIyhesaV nsuk yxHkx vfuok;Z ys[kd lekarj ds laLFkkid laiknd cusA blds vykok bUgksaus uoxqtjkr

VkbEl] lans'k] fjfMQ MkWV dkWe] xqtjkr lekpkj esa Hkh dk;Z fd;kA½gksrk gSA bl otg ls gh dbZ xqtjkrh i=kdkj yxHkx lsfyfczVh cu

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u;k nkSj] ubZ pqukSfr;kat;s'k v/;k#

yhfotu ij /kwe epkus okys gkL; /kkjkokfgd rkjd esgrk i=kdkj ve`ryky 'ksB ?kksM+s ij lokj gksdj fjiksfVaZx ds fy, dk ^mYVk p'ek* esa ,d ik=k gS--ekLVj fHkM+sA is'ks ls fudyrs Fks rc muds gkFk esa dkxt vkSj dye ds lkFk ,d Hkjh gqbZ f'k{kd fHkM+s ekLVj dh ,d [kkfl;r gS fd ;s egk'k; jkbQy Hkh jgrh Fkh D;ksafd ckgj ofV;s dgykus okys dkÅckW;

fdlh Hkh ckr ij ¶yS'k cSd esa pys tkrs gSa vkSj gekjs tekus esa--ls Vkbi ds yqVsjksa ls [kqn dh j{kk Hkh djuh Fkh] rks esjs fglkc ls ;g Hkh 'kq: dj vius chrs gq, dy dh dgkuh lqukus yx tkrs gSaA yxHkx mudh VsDukykWth dk gh ,d igyw FkkA ysfdu vkt tc i=kdkj ds oSls gh ge tSls fiNys n'kd esa i=kdkfjrk esa vk, ;qok i=kdkjksa dks ikWdsV esa Fkzh th VsDukykWth ls ySl LekVZ Qksu [kudrs jgrs gSaA vius ls ofj"Bksa }kjk ,slh iqjkus tekus okyh ckrsa lquus dk ekSdk OgkV~lvi ls vius laiknd ls cfr;krs gSa rks ;g vkt dh veweu feyrk gh jgrk gSA VsDukykWth dk gh eqtk;jk gSA

vkt dh rjg dh rduhd ¼VsDukykWth½ dh xSj&gkftjh esa feV xbZa nwfj;kadSls os ist fMtkbu djrs Fks] dSls ist ds fdlh dksus rhu&pkj T;knk ¶yS'k cSd esa u tkdj dqN lky igys dk tekuk ykbu dh txg [kkyh iM+ tk, rks D;k Mkyuk iM+rk FkkA dSls ml ;kn djsa rks irk py tkrk gS fd dSls fjiksVZj viuh&viuh chV ds tekus ds laiknd nks [kcjksa ds chp iM+h txg dks vaxqfy;ksa ls bykds esa tkdj LVksjh fudkyrs FksA vius jkbfVax isM ij ikbaV ukidj viuh nqfu;k ns[k pqdh vka[kksa ls ,d >Vds esa t:jr ds fy[krs Fks vkSj fQj 'kke dks izsl esa vkdj ml okd;s dks [kcj dk eqrkfcd gh 'kCn fudkyrs FksA dSls VsyhfizaVj U;wt ,tsafl;ksa ds :i nsus ds fy, fy[krs FksA vkt ^fnO; HkkLdj* dk gh mnkgj.k rktkrjhu lekpkj cSad ds ,Vh,e dh rjg mxyrs jgrs FksA dSls yhft, rks mlus vius i=kdkjksa dks czkM cSaM baVjusV ls ySl NksVs xsyh curh FkhA isij izsl esa tkus ds ckn IysV~l curh Fkh---;s lkjh ySiVkWi ns j[ks gSa ftldh enn ls fjiksVZj QhYM esa dgha Hkh gks] ogka ckrsa vkt ds ;qok i=kdkjksa dks fdlh izkphu ;qx dh nardFkk tSlh ls os viuh LVksjh Qkby dj ldrs gSaAizrhr gksrh gaSA dHkh dHkkj rks csotg mUgsa migkl dk lkeuk Hkh blh rjg QksVksxzkQj Hkh QhYM ls fdlh ?kVuk ds djuk iM+rk gS fd mu fnuksa vkt ds tSlk ̂ xwxy* ugha Fkk fd >V ls QksVksxzkQ Qkby dj ldrs gSaA blls rhu izeq[k Qk;ns gq,A ,d] ,d fDyd fd;k vkSj lkjh lwpuk,a vyknhu ds ftUu dh rjg [kcj dh xfr rst gqbZA nks] vkWfQl esa cSBs laiknd dks fdlh ?kVuk gkftjA vjs] ,d <ax dh bZest <wa<+us ds fy, gesa fdruh iqjkuh dh ysVsLV viMsV feyus yxh ¼ftlls os vius fjiksVZj dks vku if=kdkvksa ds lSdM+ksa iUus iyVus iM+rs Fks] mldk rks rqe vanktk Hkh xksbZax ?kVuk dks fdlh [kkl ,axy ls doj djus dh Hkh lwpuk nsus ugha yxk ldrsA dh fLFkfr esa vk x,½A rhu] i=kdkj ds fy, T;ksxzkfQdy lhek,a

njvly ckr ;g gS fd xqVSucxZ ds tekus ls ysdj vkt de gks xbZa] ekuksa [kRe gh gks xbZaA vkt xqtjkr esa dbZ tq>k: ds tqdjcxZ ds tekus rd VsDukykWth i=kdkfjrk ls fl;kfet i=kdkj ,sls Hkh gSa tks dkQh fnuksa rd vkfQl dk eqag ugha ns[krs] fVoUl dh rjg tqM+h gqbZ jgh gSA vgenkckn gks ;k yanu dh ¶yhV ysfdu mudh Qkby dh xbZ LVksjh dks ns[kdj laiknd dks ;g <k<l LVªhV] gj fofHkUu {ks=kksa dh rjg] i=kdkfjrk esa Hkh VsDukykWth jgrk gS fd pyks] cank eSnku esa cM+h eq'rSnh ds lkFk MVk gqvk gSA lkFk&lkFk gh pyrh jgrh gSA ,d ;qx Fkk tc xqtjkr ds fnXxt vkt dk xqtjkrh fjiksVZj v[kckj ds lkFk&lkFk vius v[kckj dh

th gk¡] cny jgs gSa geLekVZ Qksu dh tUe ?kqêh ihdj iyh c<+h ubZ ih<+h tc i=kdkfjrk esa vkrh gS rks muds fy,

dEI;wVj ij Vkbi djuk csgn lgt jgrk gSA ysfdu xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk esa vkt Hkh ,sls dbZ ofj"B i=kdkj] laiknd ,oa ys[kd gSa ftudh dye tc rd dkxt dks Nwrh ugha]

muds fopkjksa dk lfdZV iwjk ugha gksrkA

Vs

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tuojh&ekpZ 2015

U;wt osclkbV dks Hkh viuh [kcj igqapkrk gS ysfdu osclkbV ds v[kckj] if=kdkvksa vkSj fdrkcksa ds dbZ otZu i<+uk ilan djrs gSa ckjs essa ge vkxs ckr djsaxsA viuh LVksjh Qkby djus ds fy, D;ksafd mlesa ys&vkmV dh otg ls dkxt ij Nih [kcjksa tSlh gh fjiksVZj dks eSfVªDl tSls loZjuqek izksxzke esa ykWfxu djds viuh Qhy vkrh gSA fizaV ehfM;e esa nwljs fnu Nih [kcj dks cklh gksus LVksjh mlesa Mkyuh iM+rh gSA tSls gh LVksjh eSfVªDl ds ikl igqaph] ls cpkrk gS fnyd'k ys vkmVA lQkbZ ls Nih rLohjsa] baQksxzkfQDl mlh oDr og LVksjh muds laiknd dgha ls Hkh i<+ ldrs gSa vkSj ml vkfn mlh [kcj dks ,d u;k :i ns nsrk gSA ij dke Hkh py iM+rk gSA ys&vkmV ds fy, ,d le; tgka ,Mksch ¼ftls I;kj ls

,Mksc dgk tkrk gS½ daiuh dk ist esdj lkW¶Vos;j bLrseky gksrk fMtkbu dh fnyd'khFkkA vkt T;knkrj vkxsZukbts'ku esa DokWdZ ,Dlizsl pyrk gSA Hkkjr vkSj fo'o dh nwljh Hkk"kkvksa dh rjg xqtjkrh esa ,Mksch QksVks'kkWi vkSj dksjsy MªkW esa lth laojh besftl tc DokdZ ds Hkh fizaV ehfM;e dks Vsyhfotu vkSj baVjusV tSls T;knk lfØ; vkSj ist ij p<+dj ys&vkmV dh 'kDy esa <yrh gS rc og fdlh rst ek/;eksa ls dM+h pqukSfr;ksa dk lkeuk djuk iM+ jgk gSA vxj v[kckj ;k if=kdk dks viuh igpku iznku djrh gaSA vPNs eysf'k;k dk dksbZ foeku xk;c gks tkrk gS rks v[kckj esa og [kcj ys&vkmV ds fy, itsflo ̂ fnO; HkkLdj* us ckdh vkWxsZukbts'ku ls nwljs fnu Nius rd rks cklh gks pqdh gksrh gSA v[kckj vxj ,dne vyx vkxs fudydj ,Mksch dk u;k lkW¶Vos;j bufMtkbu baVjusV ij miyC/k lwpuk ds vykok dqN u;k u nsa rks ikBdksa bLrseky djuk 'kq: dj fn;k gSA[kkldj ;qok ikBdksa dks ml [kcj esa tjk Hkh fnypLih ugha jgrhA

blh ^fnO; HkkLdj* dk ysVsLV VsDukykWftdy dne gS blh rjg ys&vkmV dh Hkwfedk vge gks tkrh gSA QScysV vkSj oP;qZvy MsLd VkWi baÝkLVªDpjA blesa lHkh daI;wVjksa dks ,d dkWeu VScysV ds c<+rs pyu esa Hkh ;g ckr fudydj vkbZ gS fd ikBd

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loZj ls tksM+ fn;k gS vkSj dksbZ Hkh deZpkjh viuh vkbZMh ls laLFkk tqM+k gqvk gSA blfy, ikBd ns[krs gh fDyd djus ds fy, mRlqd ds fdlh Hkh dEI;wVj ij vius MsVk dk bLrseky dj ldrk gSA gks tk, ,slh HkM+dhyh gSfMax] v'yhy rLohjsa vkSj ?kfV;k lekpkjksa

dh Hkjekj jgrh gSAQksaV dh QkbVpkSchl ?kaVksa ds xqtjkrh U;wt pSuYl dk bfrgkl Hkh ,d eSa dbZ ckj etkd esa dgrk gwa fd fo'o esa ftrus /keZ gSa]

n'kd ls de dk gh gSA ysfdu brus de le; esa vkt yxHkx mrus gh 'kk;n gekjs ;gka fofHkUu Hkk"kkvksa esa fy[kus ds fy, QksaV~l mrus gh U;wt pSuYl py jgs gSa tks VsDukykWth ds ekeys esaa fdlh Hkh pyrs gSaA dksbZ ̂ Hkk"kkHkkjrh* bLrseky djrk gS rks dksbZ ̂ bafMdk* dh us'kuy U;wt pSuYl ls ihNs ugha gSaA bu pSuYl ds fjiksVZj cM+h 'kku 'kj.k esa gSA ysfdu tSls bafXy'k esa QksaV dh dksbZ leL;k ugha gksrh ls vius pSuy dh xkM+h esa fjiksfVaZx ds fy, fudyrs gSa vkSj pSuy ds mlh rjg xqtjkrh esa Hkh vkus okyk dy baVjusV ÝsaMyh ;wfudksM yksxks okyk cwe ysdj ihVwlh ¼ihl Vw dSejk½ nsrs jgrs gSaA ysfdu dk gSA ̂ fnO; HkkLdj* vkSj VkbEl vkWQ bafM;k xzqi ds u, v[kckj ,dk/k dks NksM+dj fdlh Hkh pSuy ds ikl viuh vkmVMksj czkM dk ^uo xqtjkr le;* us rks ;wfudksM QksaV dk iz;ksx tksj 'kksj ls 'kq: fLVaxoSu ugha gSA ykbo VsyhdkWLV ds fy, ckdh ds pSuYl NksVh lh dj gh fn;k gSAykbo fdV ls dke pykrs gSaA lHkh izeq[k xqtjkrh U;wt pSuYl LekVZ Qksu dh tUe ?kqêh ihdj iyh&c<+h ubZ ih<+h tc baVjusV ij ykbo ns[ks tk ldrs gaSA VsyhdkWLV ds ekeys esa vkxs gksus i=kdkfjrk esa vkrh gS rks muds fy, dEI;wVj ij Vkbi djuk csgn ds ckotwn mudk izksxzkfeax vkSj U;wt iztsaVs'ku 'kksj epkus okys lgt jgrk gSA ysfdu xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk esa vkt Hkh ,sls dbZ fganh pSuYl ls vyx ugha gSAofj"B i=kdkj] laiknd ,oa ys[kd gSa ftudh dye tc rd dkxt flVhtu tuZfyTedks Nwrh ugha] muds fopkjksa dk lfdZV iwjk ugha gksrkA

gj gkFk esa LekVZ Qksu vk tkus dk Qk;nk xqtjkrh VsDukykWth dh nqfu;k ds u, ckf'kans%i=kdkfjrk c[kwch ys jgh gSA yxHkx lHkh izeq[k v[kckj] pSuy osclkbV vkSj U;wt pSuYlvkSj osclkbV us vius&vius OgkV~lvi uacj fØ,V dj j[ks gSa ftu

u, tekus ds lkFk dne feykrh gqbZ xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk ij n'kZd&ikBd viuh fdlh leL;k] ?kVuk&nq?kZVuk dh

esa yxHkx lHkh izeq[k v[kckj dh viuh U;wt osclkbV gSA bruk rLohjsa&ohfM;ks Hkst ldrs gSaA blls QksFkZ LVsV dks FkMZMkbesa'ku Hkh

gh ugha] iwjh nqfu;k esa QSys vius ikBdksa dks iy&iy dh [kcj nsus feyk gSA Qslcqd ij Hkh lHkh izeq[k ehfM;k vkWxsZukbts'ku

ds fy, mUgksaus osclkbV ds fy, vyx QkSt Hkh rSukr dh gqbZ gSA vius&vius ist fØ,V djds ikBdksa ls tqM+ jgs gSaA ysfdu yksxksa ls

/khjs&/khsjs gj lekpkj lewg viuh&viuh eksckby ,Iyhds'ku Hkh tqM+us dh bl gksM+ esa gekjs Qslcqd ist dks ykbd dhft, vkSj

yk jgk gS] ftlls LekVZ Qksu ,oa VScysV ls Hkh czsfdax U;wt eqgS;k gks viuh rLohj Vhoh ij nsf[k, tSls csrqds Øst Hkh py iM+rs gSaA

jgh gSaA ysfdu nq[k dh ckr gS fd vPNk iBuh; lkexzh nsus ds ¼ys[kd feM&Ms xqtjkrh esa Lis'ky daVsaV ,fMVj ds in ij dk;Zjr gSA

ctk; T;knkrj osclkbVl dk /;ku vf/kd ls vf/kd fgV~l ikus blls igys os fnO; HkkLdj esa fMIVh U;wt ,fMVj FksA½ij gh dsafnzr gS D;ksafd bldk lh/kk dusD'ku foKkiu vk; ds lkFk

vkt xqtjkr esa dbZ tq>k: i=kdkj ,sls Hkh gSa tks dkQh fnuksa rd vkfQl dk eqag ugha ns[krs] ysfdu mudh Qkby dh xbZ LVksjh dks ns[kdj laiknd dks ;g <k<l jgrk gS fd pyks] cank eSnku esa cM+h

eq'rSnh ds lkFk MVk gqvk gSA vkt dk xqtjkrh fjiksVZj v[kckj ds lkFk&lkFk vius v[kckj dh U;wt osclkbV dks Hkh viuh [kcj igqapkrk gSA

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u;k nkSj] ubZ pqukSfr;kavk'kqrks"k nslkbZ

tjkrh v[kckjksa esa vusd i=kdkj gSa tks fofo/k fo"k;ksa dks doj djrs gSa ysfdu i=kdkjksa dh bl iwjh fcjknjh esa vijk/k ;k vaMjoYMZ dh [kcjksa dks doj djuk gks ;k mu

ij dksbZ Bksl tkudkjh ds lkFk fy[kuk gks vFkok baVjO;w djuk gks rks vaxqfy;ksa ij fxus tk ldus okys dkQh de i=kdkj gSaA vaxqfy;ksa ij fxus tk ldus okys bu i=kdkjksa esa dqN rks ,sls gSa ftUgksaus vius dfj;j dh 'kq#vkr fjiksVZj ls dh vkSj v[kckj ds laiknd in rd igqaps] cktown blds vijk/k ;k vaMjoYMZ ij fy[kuk mUgksaus ugha NksM+kA bruk gh ugha bUgksaus xSaxLVlZ ds ,sls QksVksxzkQ [khaps ftudks [khapus dh fgEer dHkh fdlh QksVksxzkQj us Hkh ugha dh gksxhA fgEer vkSj fuMjrk ,slh Fkh fd Lo;a ,d L=kh i=kdkj gksus ds ckotwn Økbe ,oa vaMjoYMZ dh nqfu;k esa

,slk dgk tkrk gS fd xqtjkrh v[kckj] vaxzsth v[kckjksa vkSj tkdj mlus MkWu ;k xSaxLVlZ dk baVjO;w fy;k] fy[kk] Nik vkSj if=kdkvksa esa ls lkexzh mBkrs gSa ysfdu nkÅn ds baVjO;w esa mYVk [kwc i<+k x;kA bl laca/k esa dbZ ckrsa [kwc jkspd ,oa tkudkjh ls gqvkA ^byLVªsVM ohdyh* esa 'khyk Hkê dh vuqefr ls ;g baVjO;w Hkjiwj gSaA i=kdkfjrk ds {ks=k esa ftldk uke [kwc lEeku ls fy;k Nkik x;k FkkA ,slk gh vaMjoYMZ dh lhjht vkSj vaMjoYMZ ij tkrk gS og gS 'khyk HkêA 'khyk Hkê us ek=k 19 o"kZ dh vk;q ls iqLrdksa ds ekeys esa Hkh gqvkA vaxzsth ,oa nwljh Hkk"kk esa xqtjkrh fjiksfVaZx 'kq: dh FkhA ^fp=kys[kk* vkSj ^vfHk;ku* uked xqtjkrh ehfM;k ds ckn vaMjoYMZ ds ckjs esa lhjht pkyw gqbZ] ftldh ckr lkIrkfgd if=kdkvksa esa fjiksVZj ls ysdj laiknd in ij dke dj vkxs djsaxsA pqdh 'khyk Hkê us ckn esa ^bafM;k VqMs* dk xqtjkrh laLdj.k ykap

blls igys Hkh 'khyk Hkê us eqacbZ esa nkÅn dk baVjO;w djk;k vkSj mldh dIrkuh laHkkyhA os bl le; ̂ jhfMQ-dkWe* esa fd;k Fkk tcfd ml le; nwljs v[kckj ;g dgrs Fks fd nkÅn laikndh; funs'kd gSaA 1993 esa mudks ̂ pesyh nsoh tSu* vokWMZ Hkh bczkfge nqcbZ pyk x;k gSA dkafr Hkê vkSj 'khyk Hkê ml le; feyk FkkA ewy xqtjkrh Hkk"kk esa i=kdkfjrk ls viuk dfj;j 'kq: eqacbZ ds Mksaxjh bykds esa ¼tgka nkÅn us vius cpiu vkSj djus okyh 'khyk Hkê us o"kZ 1987 esa nqcbZ tkdj vaMjoYMZ MkWu fd'kksjoLFkk fcrkbZ FkhA½ ,d VªkaliksVZ daiuh ds vkWfQl esa cSBdj nkÅn bczkfge dk baVjO;w fd;kA ;g baVjO;w ̂ vfHk;ku* if=kdk esa nkÅn bczkfge dk baVjO;w dj jgs FksA bruk gh ugha tc Hkkjr dh NikA ml le; 'khyk Hkê vfHk;ku dh laiknd FkhaA ;g baVjO;w ,d tsy esa vaMjoYMZ dk ,d ikojQqy MkWu dSn Fkk rc Hkh 'khyk VkbEl vkWQ bafM;k dh izfrf"Br if=kdk ftlds laiknd izhrh'k Hkê us tsy esa tkdj mldk baVjO;w fd;k FkkA ;g baVjO;w Hkh xqtjkr uanh Fks ;kuh ̂ byLVªsVsM ohdyh* esa doj LVksjh ds :i esa Hkh NikA

vijk/k i=kdkfjrk esa Hkh gS [kkl txg

xq

nkÅn ds futh thou ls ysdj mldh vaMjoYMZ nqfu;k dh NksVh&NksVh tkudkjh bl lhjht esa jgrh FkhA lhjht 'kq: gksus ds nwljs lIrkg ls v[kckj ds vkWfQl esa vkSj vk'kq iVsy dks /kedh Hkjs Qksu vkus

yxsA vk'kq iVsy fy[krs jgs vkSj ^n MkWu* <kbZ o"kZ rd Nirh jgh ,oa ikBdksa us [kwc ilan dhA nkÅn ij blls igys bruh tkudkjh Hkkjr esa fdlh Hkh lekpkj i=k us izdkf'kr ugha dh FkhA

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ds ,d nSfud v[kckj esa Nik FkkA ,sls gh ,d ofj"B LraHk ys[kd] ftudk xqtjkrh ehfM;k esa dkQh uke gS os gSa] dkafr HkêA dkafr Hkê us o"kZ 1966 ls i=kdkfjrk dh 'kq#vkr dh vkSj os vkt Hkh ,d LraHk ys[kd ds :i esa dke dj jgs gSaA vkt ds tekus ds vusd i=kdkj ;k ys[kd dkafr Hkê dks viuk vkn'kZ ekurs gSaA dkafr Hkê viuh ;qokoLFkk esa vaMjoYMZ dh nqfu;k ij fgEer ds lkFk

ikSus nks lky rd NihA vk'kq iVsy dk ;g /kkjkokfgd tc ̂ lans'k* fy[k pqds gSaA dkafr Hkê vkSj esa gj lIrkg izdkf'kr gksrk Fkk rc ,d&,d tkudkjh tqVkus ds 'khyk Hkê us nqcbZ ,oa 'kkjtkag tkdj vaMjoYMZ dh nqfu;k ds fy, vk'kq iVsy vusd iqfyl LVs'kuksa vkSj ?kVukLFkyksa ij yxkrkj eqf[k;k nkÅn bczkfge] NksVk jktu vkSj ,sls gh vusd yksxksa ds nkSM+rs jgrs vkSj vusd baVjO;w djrsA ;g nkSM+ iwjh djus vkSj QksVksxzkQ vius dSejs esa mrkjs ,oa ,sls QksVksxzkQ vc rd fdlh Hkh tksf[ke mBkus ds ckn ̂ fo"kpØ* ds ,d&,d ,filksM fy[krsA izksQs'kuy QksVksxzkQj us [khapus dh fgEer ugha dh gSA vkt Hkh

blds ckn vk'kq iVsy ^xqtjkr lekpkj* pys x, vkSj xwxy esa vxj ge nkÅn bczkfge Vkbi djrs gSa vkSj mlds ogka mudh nwljh lhjht 'kq: gqbZ ̂ n MkWu*A nkÅn bczkfge ds futh QksVksxzkQ ns[krs gSa rks os QksVksxzkQ ;k rks dkafr Hkê }kjk [khaps x, gSa thou ls ysdj mldh vaMjoYMZ nqfu;k dh NksVh&NksVh tkudkjh bl ;k 'khyk Hkê us fy, gSaAlhjht esa jgrh FkhA ;g lhjht 'kq: gksus ds nwljs lIrkg ls v[kckj 'kkjtkag esa 'kkjtkag daiuh fØdsV eSp esa nkÅn bczkfge ds vkWfQl esa vkSj vk'kq iVsy dks /kedh Hkjs Qksu vkus yxsA ds lkFk fo[;kr vfHkusrk vfuy diwj] mldk HkkbZ cksuh diwj vkSj ckotwn blds ,d Hkh lIrkg pwds cxSj vk'kq iVsy fy[krs jgs vkSj ml le; dh izfl) ghjksbZu eankfduh ds tks QksVksxzkQ ehfM;k esa ^n MkWu* <kbZ o"kZ rd Nirh jgh ,oa ikBdksa us [kwc ilan dhA nkÅn vusd ckj Nis] os Hkh dkafr Hkê us gh [khaps FksA bczkfge ij blls igys bruh tkudkjh Hkkjr esa fdlh Hkh lekpkj xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk esa ¼lewps Hkkjr ds ehfM;k esa Hkh½ i=k us izdkf'kr ugha dh FkhA ckn esa ;g lhjht Hkh iqLrd ds :i esa vijk/k ,oa vaMjoYMZ fo"k; ij lcls igys lR; ?kVuk ij lkeus vkbZA blds i'pkr vk'kq iVsy us lR; ?kVuk ij vk/kkfjr vk/kkfjr fdrkc Nih Fkh rks og Fkh ^fo"kpØ*A bl fdrkc ds ,d ysMh xSaxLVj dh ckrksa dks Hkh v[kckj esa lhjht ds :i esa ys[kd vk'kq iVsy ̂ lans'k* ds eqacbZ jfookj laLdj.k ds laiknd Fks fy[kk] tks ̂ eSMe ,Dl* FkhA ̂ fo"kpØ* vkSj ̂ n MkWu* dh rjg ̂ eSMe vkSj mUgksaus Hkkjr esa lcls igys vaMjoYMZ ij lhjht fy[kh FkhA ,Dl* dks Hkh ikBdksa dk tcjnLr fjLikal feyk vkSj ;g Hkh fdrkc vk'kq iVsy ,d ofj"B i=kdkj gSa vkSj mUgksaus viuh ftanxh ds 27 ds :i esa izdkf'kr gqbZA bl dgkuh ij bl le; izfl) ys[kd] lky i=kdkfjrk esa fcrk,a gSaA mudh ̂ fo"kpØ* lcls igys ̂ lans'k* funsZ'kd vkSj ,DVj frXeka'kq /kwfy;k ,oa funsZ'kd vuqjkx d';i nSfud v[kckj esa /kkjkokfgd ds :i esa Nih FkhA 1998&99 esa 'kq: ,d fQYe Hkh cuk jgs gSaA vk'kq iVsy us blds vykok ^fefll gqbZ mudh bl Økbe lhjht dks tksjnkj izfrlkn feyk vkSj ;g ekfQ;k* uked ,d vkSj fdrkc fy[kh gS ftlesa vaMjoYMZ dh iqLrd ds :i esa Hkh NihA ̂ lans'k* ds ekfyd ,oa ,fMVj bu phQ nqfu;k ds tkus&vutkus O;fä;ksa dh iRuh ;k izsfedk ds ckjs esa QkYxqu iVsy vkSj xzqi ,fDtD;qfVo ,fMVj foØe odhy us igys fy[kk x;k gSA eqacbZ lekpkj esa gky esa ^oUl viksu , Vkbe* jkstkuk vkSj ckn esa lkIrkfgd bl lhjht dks izdkf'kr fd;k] tks

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uked lhjht izdkf'kr gqbZ Fkh tks vaMjoYMZ dh nqfu;k ij FkhA ;g ^xqtjkr fe=k* esa Nih FkhA iqjkus le; esa xqtjkrh v[kckjksa ds lhjht Hkh fdrkc ds :i esa vk pqdh gSA xqtjkrh v[kckjksa esa vk'kq laikndksa dks vijk/k fjiksVZ ds laca/k esa vPNk ugha yxrk FkkA iVsy us vijk/k ,oa vaMjoYMZ ij ftruk fy[kk gS mruk fdlh nwljs tcfd] vioknLo:i fdLls esa ofj"B i=kdkj euq tks'kh us ^Ýh us 'kk;n gh fy[kk gksA jkspd ckr rks ;g gS fd bl lkjs ys[ku esa izsl* ds xqtjkrh nSfud ̂tu'kfä* esa vijk/k ds ckjs esa fy[kk FkkA dksbZ Hkh ?kVuk ;k lwpuk dkYifud ugha gSA ^xqtjkr lekpkj* ds fjiksVZj fudqat iVsy us Hkh 26@11

nwljs ,d ofj"B i=kdkj lat; f=kosnh us Hkh vijk/k ,oa ds vkradoknh geys ds ckn vtey dlkc ij ,d fdrkc fy[kh vaMjoYMZ ij fy[kus dh fgEer fn[kkbZ gSA eqacbZ ds dq[;kr xSaxLVj Fkh tks o"kZ 2012 esa izdkf'kr gqbZA xqtjkr ds MhvkbZth] vkbZih,l v#.k xoyh ij mUgksaus ^lans'k* v[kckj esa lhjht fy[kh FkhA vkj- ts lokuh Hkh ̂ lans'k* lekpkj i=k ds v/kZlkIrkfgd lIyhesaV ^nxMh pky dk MkWu* uked bl /kkjkokfgd esa mUgksaus v#.k xoyh esa vijk/k ij îxs#* uked ,d lhjht fy[k jgs gSaA ^xqtjkr dh yxHkx lkjh tkudkjh ikBdksa ds le{k j[khA vk'kq iVsy us lekpkj* dh v/kZlkIrkfgd lIyhesaV ^'krny* esa ofj"B i=kdkj vaMjoYMZ ij tc fy[kuk 'kq: fd;k mlds ckn xqtjkr ds vusd t;nso iVsy o"kksaZ ls ̂Økbe Qkby* uked dkWye fy[k jgs gSaA v[kckjksa us vijk/k ij LraHk pkyw fd,A vge ckr ;g gS fd vk'kq ,f'k;k esa lcls iqjkus vkSj #f<pqLr v[kckj êqacbZ iVsy us lcls igys ̂lans'k* esa vaMjoYMZ ij lhjht fy[kh vkSj blds lekpkj* esa bl le; nks Økbe fjiksVZj gSa& iz'kkar n;ky vkSj Hkjr ckn nwljs vusd v[kckjksa us bldh dkWih dh vkSj tc vk'kq iVsy y[k/kfj;k] tks xqtjkr ds vyx&vyx v[kckjksa esa vijk/k ij ^xqtjkr lekpkj* esa x, ,oa nkÅn ij ̂ n MkWu* lhjht pkyw dh rks dkQh dqN fy[k pqds gSaA dkQh o"kksaZ igys vgenkckn ls vijk/k mlds tokc esa ̂ lans'k* esa lat; f=kosnh us ̂ nxMh pky dk MkWu* 'kq: ij ,d xqtjkrh if=kdk izdkf'kr gksrh FkhA iqjkus le; esa vijk/k dhA lHkh dks irk gS fd nkÅn ,oa xoyh dêj nq'eu gaS ysfdu fjiksV~Zl dks [kkl vgfe;r ugha nh tkrh Fkh ysfdu eqacbZ ds xqtjkrh v[kckjksa esa nksuksa ds ckjs esa izfrLi/khZ v[kckjksa esa dkWye vaMjoYMZ ds ckjs esa dbZ LVksjht czsd djus esa xqtjkrh i=kdkj vusd 'kq: gqvkA lat; f=kosnh us ,d vkSj xSaxLVj vf'ouh ukbZd dh ckj us'kuy ehfM;k ls Hkh vkxs gksrs gSaA

¼ys[kd êqacbZ lekpkj* ds LraHk ys[kd gSaA½iRuh uhrk ukbZd ij Hkh fy[kk vkSj og lhjht xqtjkrh v[kckj

vaMjoYMZ dh vk/kkjHkwr lwpuk nsrh iqLrd ^fo"kpØ*leh{kd% dkafr Hkê

Hkkjr esa vaxzsth i=kdkjksa dks [kksth i=kdkfjrk ds fy, csfglkc iSlk vkSj lqfo/kk,a feyrh gSa ysfdu Hkk"kkbZ i=kdkjksa dks [kqn ds cwrs gh [kkst djuh gksrh gSA blesa Hkh [kklrkSj ij tc vaMjoYMZ dh ckr gks rks bu ckrksa dks ckgj ykus ds fy, iSls vkSj lqfo/kkvksa ds vykok Hkh cgqr dqN t:jh gSA vaMjoYMZ dh ckrksa dks ckgj ykus ds fy, iSls ;k lqfo/kk ls Hkh T;knk i=kdkj dks fuHkZ; vkSj rVLFk jguk t:jh gSA mldh Nfo ,slh gksuh pkfg, fd vaMjoYMZ ;g ekus dh og rVLFk gSA vf/kdrj vaMjoYMZ okys vaxzsth v[kckjksa ds ctk; Hkk"kkbZ lekpkj i=kksa dks T;knk i<+rs gSaA bl ys[ku esa ftl ys[kd ;k i=kdkj dh lPpkbZ ds fy, fo'okl iSnk gksrk gS mls os [kqn lwpuk nsrs gSaA bl rjg dk fo'okl iSnk dj ldus okys iqfyl] ekfQ;k ds vykok ekfQ;k ls ihfM+r yksxksa ds ikl ls Hkh lwpuk,a ik tkrs gSaA ;s lHkh fo'oluh;rk iSnk dj ldus okys i=kdkjksa ds izfr lnHkkouk j[krs gSaA bl rjg dk izse] vknj] fo'oluh;rk vk'kq iVsy us bu lHkh dh vksj ls ikbZ gSA ;gh otg gS fd os vaMjoYMZ dh bruh vk/kkjHkwr lwpuk,a ik ldsA

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u;k nkSj] ubZ pqukSfr;kat;s"k Bdjkj

jLe ;gka dh vyx] fu;e vyx ctV lcls cM+h deh gSA fo"k; esa dkQh de fofo/krk ns[kus dks gekjs rks 'kCn gh dqedqe ,oa pkoy feyrh gSA Hkfo"; esa xqtjkrh U;wt pSuy dh la[;k c<+us dh mEehn

Vsyhfotu ds lkFk xqtjkr dk ukrk tksjnkj gSA fganh gS ysfdu muesa mPp ekinaM dkQh t:jh gSaAlhfj;yksa esa Hkh vf/kdrj xqtjkrh n'kZdksa dks /;ku esa j[kk tkrk tc ns'k vktkn gqvk rc xqtjkrh Hkk"kk esa 150 i=k FksA gSA fo[;kr fuekZ=kh ,drk diwj us ,d ckj dgk Fkk fd ;fn ofj"B i=kdkj fnxar vks>k ds vuqlkj 1990 esa xqtjkrh Hkk"kk esa vkidks lhfj;y pykus gSa rks xqtjkfr;ksa dks og vPNk yxsxk ;k if=kdkvksa dh la[;k 1250 vkSj nSfud 13 FksA xqtjkrh Hkk"kk esa ugha] bl laca/k esa csgrj gkseodZ djuk gh gksrk gSA fVfidy fganh igys jsfM;ks dsanz dh 'kq#vkr oMksnkjk ds egkjktk l;kth jko lhfj;y esa Hkh le;≤ ij xqtjkrh Nk;k okys Mk;ykWx t:jh xk;dokM us 1939 esa dh FkhA bl jsfM;ks dsanz ls QS;kt [kku vksj gks tkrs gSaA ;g rks gj dksbZ tkurk gS fd xqtjkrh turk Hkh vPNh ehjkckbZ okMdj tSls fo[;kr xk;dksa ds xhr izlkfjr gksrs FksA n'kZd gS ysfdu ;g fl)kar xqtjkrh pSuyksa ds fy, vyx gks tkrs Vsyhfotu izlkj.k dh vge ?kVuk dh 'kq#vkr ;wa rks 15 vxLr gSaA ,slk yxrk gS fd xqtjkfr;ksa dk VsLV tkuus esa xqtjkrh pSuy 1975 dks gqbZ ftlesa mixzg ls xzkey{kh dk;ZØe [ksMk ftyk ds iht vHkh Hkh iwjh rjg lQy ugha gq, gSaA bldh otg ikBd jktk vkSj dsanz ls 'kq: gq, FksA ^dkdkuh Msyh* vkSj ^prqj eksVk* yksdfiz; n'kZd jktk ds chp ,d cM+h js[kk gSA ,sls esa jkWcVZ ÝksLV dh iafä dk;ZØe FksA bl dsanz dks 17 o"kZ ds izlkj.k ds cnys ;wusLdks vokWMZ dh rjg ̂ekbYl Vw xks---* dguk iM+rk gSA feyk FkkA

xqtjkrh dyk us ns'k esa ,d vyx best [kM+h dh gSA ;wa rks xqtjkr esa dkWef'kZ;y U;wt dk vkjaHk th Vhoh }kjk lh/kk mnkgj.k ysa rks iUukyky iVsy ds miU;kl ij vk/kkfjr ^vYQk* pSuy ls gqvk ,oa yksxksa esa dkQh vk'kk Hkh txh Fkh ysfdu 1969 esa cuh fQYe ̂dadw* dks Js"B izknsf'kd fQYe dk vokWMZ feyk ckn esa ^vYQk* can gks x;kA lekpkj [kqn ,d lsyscy deksfMVh vkSj lkFk gh f'kdkxks varjjk"Vªh; fQYeksRlo esa Hkh ;g fQYe ;kuh fd i<+k ugha tk ldrk] ysfdu cspk tk ldrk gS] tSlk mRikn fn[kkbZ xbZA fnYyh esa vk;ksftr varjjk"Vªh; fQYeksRlo esa dsru cu x;kA ;wa le; chrus ds lkFk xqtjkrh pSuy ds :i esa txg esgrk dh xqtjkrh fQYe ̂ Hko uh HkokbZ* dks Hkh jk"Vªh; vokWMZ feyk Hkjus ds fy, tks&tks iz;kl gq, mUgksaus turk dks vk'kk ds ctk; FkkA 1981 esa U;w;kdZ E;qft;e vkWQ ekWMuZ vkVZ )kjk vk;ksftr fujk'kk gh iznku dhArhljs ;wusLdks varjjk"Vªh; fQYeksRlo esa bl fQYe dks ;wusLdks xqtjkfr;ksa us vusd {ks=kksa esa mYys[kuh; ;ksxnku fn;k gS g~;weu jkbVl vokMZ feyk FkkA ysfdu xqtjkrh U;wt pSuy 'kq: djus esa vxz.kh ugha cu ldsA vc

xqtjkrh esa tc&tc iz;ksx gq, rc os [kwc pys gSa pkgs rd ds lQj ij utj Mkysa rks th xzqi dh dksf'k'k ds ckn ̂ Vhoh 9* fQYe gks] ukVd gks ;k xqtjkrh pSuy---ysfdu cnulhch ;g gS fd vk;kA ̂ bZVhoh* }kjk vHkh ,d [kkl U;wt pSuy 'kq: fd;k x;kA ,sls iz;ksxksa dh lwph dkQh yach ugha gS vFkok mldk lqugjk le; ^oh Vhoh* us Hkh LFkkuh; n'kZdksa ij /;ku fn;k gSA bu rhu pSuyksa T;knk ugha jgkA xqtjkr dks dkQh le`) jkT; ekuk tkrk gS ysfdu ds ckjs esa ckr dh tk, rks vf/kdrj LFkkuh; lekpkjksa ,oa muesa Hkh xqtjkrh fØ,fVo QhYM dh ckr dh tk, rks ;gka lcls igys yks Økbe lekpkjksa ij T;knk /;ku fn;k x;kA xqtjkr esa ftrus fganh

xqtjkrh U;wt pSuyksa dk Hkfo"; % ekbYl Vw xksxqtjkr esa U;wt pSuyksa ds fy, ekSds mTToy gSaA tc ls ,d xqtjkrh ns'k dk iz/kkuea=kh cuk gS rc ls vusd cM+s vkS|ksfxd lewgksa dk /;ku xqtjkr dh vksj x;k gSA o"kZ 1984 esa dscy Vhoh vkSj o"kZ 1991 esa lsVsykbV Vhoh vk;k ,oa blds ckn pSuyksa dh Hkjekj gqbZA igys tks n`'; dsoy jkt/kkuh ;k egkuxjksa

esa ns[kus dks feyrs Fks os ?kVuk,a vc dgha Hkh ?kVs] xqtjkrh pSuyksa ds dSejksa esa fn[kkbZ nsus yxh gSA

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tuojh&ekpZ 2015

U;wt pSuy ns[ks tkrs gSa mrus xqtjkrh U;wt pSuy ugha ns[ks tkrsA esa LFkkuh; U;wt pSuy pyrs gSa ml rjg dk ekgkSy xqtjkrh Hkk"kk esa bls ysdj xqtjkr fQj ls ppkZ esa gSA u, iz;ksxksa ds ekSle esa ftl ns[kus dks ugha feyrkA ysfdu vc ,slk ;gka Hkh gksxk D;ksafd ;g rjg xqtjkrh fQYeksa esa ̂ cs ;kj*] ̂ vki.ks rks /kh#HkkbZ* tSlh fQYeksa lR; vc xqtjkrh pSuy Hkh le>us yxs gSa ,oa le; ds lkFk cny us ubZ fn'kk crkbZ mlh rjg vc xqtjkrh pSuyksa esa Hkh LoLFk Hkh jgs gSaA izfrLi/kkZ dh otg ls ubZ vk'kk fn[kkbZ ns jgh gSA o"kZ 1994 esa nwjn'kZu ¼MhMh½ xqtjkrh dh 'kq#vkr gqbZ

xqtjkrh Hkk"kk ds izeq[k v[kckj ̂ xqtjkr lekpkj* }kjk vkSj rc ls ns[ksa rks xqtjkrh bysDVªkWfud ehfM;k vius nks n'kd iwjs ^th ,l* Vhoh U;wt pSuy 'kq: fd;k x;k gS ftlesa U;wt ds vykok dj jgk gSA ,d vksj ;g nkSj gS rks nwljh rjQ xqtjkrh fizaV ehfM;k LokLF; ,oa lqj laxhr ds dk;ZØeksa ij /;ku fn;k x;k gSA ̂ Qh;j 200 o"kZ iwjs djus ds fy, etcwrh ls vius dne vkxs c<+k jgk gSA ySl VªqFk* dh VSx ykbu ds lkFk 'kq: gqvk ;g pSuy n'kZdksa dks o"kZ 1822 esa ̂ eqacbZ lekpkj* 'kq: gqvk tks 1855 ls nSfud cuk vkSj vPNk yxk gSA blds lkFk gh xqtjkrh v[kckj ̂ lans'k* us Hkh ̂ lans'k yxkrkj izdkf'kr gks jgk gSA o"kZ 1865 esa 'kq: gqvk ef.k'kadj U;wt* pSuy 'kq: fd;kA bl rjg xqtjkr ds nksuksa eq[; v[kckjksa ds fddk.kh dk ̂ niZ.k* gks ;k ve`ryky 'ksB dk ̂ lkSjk"Vª*] chloha lnh U;wt pSuy n'kZdksa dks ilan vk, gSaA gkykafd] n'kZdksa dks buls cM+h esa xqtjkrh Hkk"kk dk ncnck FkkA xqtjkrh Hkk"kk ds vge ys[kd vk'kk gSA ̂lans'k U;wt* dk ̂ fLVax vkWijs'ku* vkSj ̂ xqtjkr lekpkj* Tosj pan es?kk.kh ftUgksaus ftl v[kckj dk laiknu laHkkyk og Vhoh dk ̂ ikWfyfVdy ,ukfyfll* yksxksa dks vPNs yxs gSaA bu nksuksa ^QwyNkc* vHkh Hkh etcwrh ls fVdk gqvk gSA ̂ VkbEl vkWQ bafM;k* pSuyksa ls jk"Vªh; Lrj ds vusd dk;ZØeksa dh mEehn dh tk jgh gSA us igys viuk xqtjkrh Hkk"kk esa laLdj.k 'kq: fd;k tks ckn esa can xqtjkr esa ̂ Vhoh 9*] ̂ oh Vhoh*] ̂ bZVhoh U;wt* Hkh dkQh yksdfiz; gSA gks x;k] ysfdu vc u, vorkj esa ̂ uo xqtjkr le;* ds uke ls ,sls esa ,d ckr rks Li"V gS fd ;fn xqtjkrh yksxksa dks vPNk daVsaV py jgk gSA pSuyksa dh nqfu;k esa ̂ rkjk* pSuy us dkQh vk'kk txkbZ feys rks os pSuy ns[kus dks rS;kj gSaA xqtjkr es lk{kjrk ,oa le`f) Fkh ysfdu ;g pSuy pyk ugha vkSj can gks x;kA dqN le; igys gh rks gS gh] izfr ?kj Vhoh vkSj n'kZd ds vkadMksa esa Hkh xqtjkr vkxs gSA fctusl pSuy ̂ lh,uchlh* us Hkh viuk xqtjkrh pSuy 'kq: fd;k xqtjkrh n'kZdksa dks dqN oYMZ Dykl pkfg,---vHkh vusd n'kZdksa ds gSA xqtjkr esa U;wt pSuyksa ds fy, Hkfo"; mTToy gSA tc ls ,d fny dks VVksyus dk iz;kl gqvk rks mUgksaus dgk Hkh fd xqtjkrh xqtjkrh ns'k dk iz/kkuea=kh cuk gS rc ls vusd cM+s vkS|ksfxd turk dks LFkkuh; pSuy ls [kwu] ywV] cykRdkj vkSj ?kksVkyksa ds lewgksa dk /;ku xqtjkr dh vksj x;k gSA o"kZ 1984 esa dscy Vhoh lekpkj feyrs gSaA dqN gh dk;ZØe esa xgjk fjlpZ ns[kus dks feyrk vkSj o"kZ 1991 esa lsVsykbV Vhoh vk;k ,oa blds ckn pSuyksa dh gS] vU;Fkk lc lkekU; <jsZ ij gaSA xqtjkrh pSuyksa ds vf/kdrj Hkjekj gqbZA igys tks n`'; dsoy jkt/kkuh ;k egkuxjksa esa ns[kus dks izfrfuf/k xqtjkr esa gh gksrs gSaA jk"Vªh; lekpkj dk ekeyk gks rks feyrs Fks os ?kVuk,a vc dgha Hkh ?kVsa] xqtjkrh pSuyksa ds dSejksa esa 'kk;n gh xqtjkrh pSuyksa ds laoknnkrk fn[kkbZ nsrs gSa vkSj os lh/ks fn[kkbZ nsus yxh gSaA ;gka Hkh vc ̂ cwe* dh ̂ cwe* gS] u, U;wt jhMj nwljs pSuyksa ls [kcj mBk ysrs gSaA ;fn ,slk uk Hkh ekusa rks jk"Vªh; rS;kj gks jgs gSaA ̂ th,l Vhoh* vkSj ̂ lans'k U;wt* ds v|ru LVwfM;ks lekpkjksa ds ekeyksa esa nwljs U;wt usVodZ ij fuHkZj jgrs gSaA ,d ds lkFk tks pSuy py jgs gSa os Hkh vius lalk/ku ,oa lqfo/kkvksa dks ,slh fVIi.kh vkbZ Fkh fd xqtjkr esa lcls T;knk ns[ks tkus okys viMsV dj jgs gSaA vgenkckn esa gq, vkraddkjh geys ds le; pSuyksa esa us'kuy T;ksxzkQh vkSj fMLdojh Hkh vkxs gSaA ysfdu ftl rjg xqtjkrh pSuyksa us jax fn[kk;k oSlh gh mEehnsa [kksth xqtjkrh U;wt pSuy fxj esa jgus okys ,f'k;kbZ flagksa ds ckjs esa dksbZ i=kdkfjrk esa xqtjkr ds yksxksa us iky j[kh gSaA dbZ fo"k; vHkh Hkh fo'ks"k fnypLih ugha crkrsA pSuyksa dh utjksa ls nwj gSaA yack lQj ckdh gS ,sls esa LekVZ vkSj gkMZ

xqtjkr i;ZVu esa Hkh vkxs gS ysfdu xqtjkr ds odZ nksuksa ds laca/k esa dkQh dqN fd;k tk ldrk gSA^lkiqrkjk*] ̂ ekaMoh chp*] ̂dkys Mwaxj* vkfn i;ZVu LFkyksa ds ckjs esa xqtjkr laHkor% ;g Hkh dj crk,xk---'kk;n gh dHkh dksbZ dk;ZØe bu pSuyksa ij vkrk gSA ̂dPN ds j.k* nsf[k, vkxs&vkxs gksrk gS D;k\ds foKkiu ds fy, vferkHk cPpu dks cqyk;k x;kA dPN ds

¼ys[kd ^xqtjkr lekpkj* ds lkFk fiNys 20 o"kZ ls tqM+s gq, gSaA lkFk gh ^lQsn j.k* ij fMLdojh [kkl dk;ZØe cukrk gS ysfdu xqtjkrh os xqtjkr lekpkj ds Vhoh U;wt pSuy ds fy, Hkh pSuy ,slk dqN djrs ugha fn[krsA xqtjkrh pSuyksa dh vkykspuk

LVksjht djrs gSaA fjiksfVaZx budh tku gSA½djuk esjk mís'; ugha gS ysfdu ftl rjg rfey] dUuM+ ;k caxkyh

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u;k nkSj] ubZ pqukSfr;kaMkW- ;klhu nyky

=kdkfjrk] jsfM;ks vkSj Vsyhfotu tSls ehfM;k ek/;eksa esa Hkh 1947 esa ns'k ds vktkn gksus ds ckn os paMhx<+ vk x, vkSj f'k{kk vkSj izf'k{k.k dh t:jr gS] ;g fopkj lcls igys i=kdkfjrk foHkkx tkjh j[kkA bl rjg izks- flag dh i=kdkfjrk dh fo'ofo[;kr i=kdkj tkWlsQ iqfyRtj us O;Dr fd;k FkkA i<+kbZ&fy[kkbZ esa vge Hkwfedk jghA vktkn Hkkjr esa paMhx<+ dk

o"kZ 1910 esa vius dfj;j ds vafre pj.k esa iqfyRtj tc 'kkjhfjd i=kdkfjrk foHkkx ns'k dh ;wfuoflZVh esa lcls iqjkuk ekuk tkrk gSArdyhQksa dh otg ls chp leqnz esa tgkt esa viuk thou fcrk jgk o"kZ 1952 esa egkjk"Vª esa ukxiqj fLFkr fgLyksi dkyst esa Fkk rc mlus dksyafc;k ;wfuoflZVh dks blds fy, 20 yk[k MkWyj i=kdkfjrk dk dkslZ ogka ds LFkkuh; i=kdkjksa ds iz;Ruksa ls 'kq: gqvk dk nku nsus dk fu'p; fd;kA muds nksLrksa ds xys ;g ckr ugha FkkA 'kq#vkr esa U;wure ,l,llh ikl i=kdkjksa ds fy, lfVZfQdsV mrjhA bruk gh ugha] ;wfuoflZVh us Hkh ;g nku Lohdkj djus ls dkslZ vkSj Lukrdksa ds fy, fMIyksek dkslZ 'kq: fd;k x;k FkkA blds euk dj fn;k Fkk D;ksafd i=kdkfjrk esa f'k{kk ;k izf'k{k.k nsus dk izeq[k ds :i esa vejhdk dh fljkDl ;wfuoflZVh ls izks- jksykUM fopkj fdlh dks Hkh ugha vk;k FkkA iqfyRtj us nyhy nh fd oksYlsyh dks cqyk;k x;kA o"kZ 1958&59 esa izks- ds-bZ- bZiu blds i=kdkjksa dks lPpk i=kdkj cuus esa enn feys blds fy, mudk izeq[k cusA ckn esa dkyst us ;g foHkkx ukxiqj ;wfuoflZVh dks lkSai f'kf{kr gksuk t:jh gSA fn;kA ns'k Hkj ds fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds vykok ekjh'kl ,oa vejhdk ls Hkh

gekjs ;gka vkt Hkh dbZ yksx ekurs gSa fd i=kdkj tUe ;gka Nk=k i<+us vkrs FksAysrs gSa] mudks izf'k{k.k ls dHkh rS;kj ugha fd;k tk ldrkA o"kZ 1959 esa ;wfuoflZVh xzkaV deh'ku dks i=kdkfjrk dh iqfyRtj ds fopkjksa us vejhdk esa Økafr dh vkSj i=kdkfjrk dh i<+kbZ dks O;ofLFkr djus ds fy, pkj O;fä;ksa dh ,d lfefr O;ofLFkr f'k{kk 'kq: gqbZA vejhdk esa i=kdkfjrk dh i<+kbZ djkus cukbZ ftlesa izks- bZiu ds vykok izks-ih-ih- flag] MkW- ukfnx okyh laLFkkvksa dks ^vejhdu ,lksfl,'ku vkWQ tukZfyTe d`".kkewfrZ vkSj mLekfu;k ;wfuoflZVh ds izks-,u-oh-ds- ewfrZ dks ,twds'ku* uked laxBu ds ikl vius vki dks iathd`r djkuk 'kkfey fd;k x;kA bl lfefr us i=kdkfjrk dh i<+kbZ ds fy, gksrk gSA 'kS{kf.kd laLFkkvksa ds fy, blus v/;kid ,oa daVsaV rS;kj vf[ky Hkkjrh; Lrj dh ,d izf'k{k.k laLFkk LFkkfir djus dh fd;k gSA blds ekinaMksaa dks ikyu djus okyh laLFkkvksa dks gh ogka flQkfj'k dh ,oa ;g fjiksVZ ljdkjh n¶rj esa /kwy [kkrh jghA ekU;rk nh tkrh gSA ;gh otg gS fd vejhdh ehfM;k esa dkQh 1965 ds n'kd esa Hkkjr ljdkj dks i=kdkfjrk dh i<+kbZ dk egRo mPp ekunaMksa ds lkFk dke gqvk gSA le> esa vk;k vkSj vejhdh lapkj fo'ks"kK foYcj Jke dks Hkkjr

Hkkjr esa i=kdkfjrk ds izf'k{k.k dk lcls igys iz;ksx o"kZ cqyk;k x;kA Jke us nf{k.k&iwoZ ds ns'kksa esa bl {ks=k esa vge dk;Z 1920 esa enzkl esa ,uh cslaV }kjk LFkkfir us'kuy ;wfuoflZVh esa fd;k FkkA bUgksaus gh lcls igys nqfu;k dks le>k;k Fkk fd xjhc gqvkA ogka vaxzsth lkfgR; ds foHkkx esa i=kdkfjrk dk bfrgkl] ns'kksa ds fodkl esa ehfM;k vkSj lwpuk [kwc mi;ksxh lkfcr gks dkuwu] laiknu tSls fo"k; i<+k, tkrs FksA ;gka i<+kus ds fy, ldrh gSA budh flQkfj'k ls 1965 esa fnYyh esa bafM;u baLVhV;wV fo[;kr i=kdkj vkSj odhyksa dks cqyk;k tkrk FkkA ysfdu ikap o"kZ vkWQ ekl dE;qfuds'ku ¼vkbZvkbZ,elh½ dh LFkkiuk dh xbZAckn ;g iz;ksx can gks x;kA blds i'pkr o"kZ 1938 esa vyhx<+ ;wfuoflZVh xzkaV deh'ku dks 1976 esa fQj vglkl gqvk eqfLye ;wfuoflZVh us i=kdkfjrk ij Lora=k fMIyksek dkslZ 'kq: fd ehfM;k esa i<+kbZ&fy[kkbZ vkSj fjlpZ dk;ksaZ ds fy, jk"Vªh; Lrj fd;k ysfdu ;g Hkh eqf'dy ls nks lky pykA ij dqN fd;k tkuk pkfg,A ;wthlh us gSnjkckn esa ns'k Hkj dh

o"kZ 1941 esa ykgkSj dh iatkc ;wfuoflZVh esa izks- ih-ih- ;wfuoflZVh ds i=kdkfjrk foHkkx ds izeq[kksa dh ,d ifj"kn flag us vejhdu f'k{k.k i)fr ls izsfjr gksdj i=kdkfjrk foHkkx vk;ksftr dh ,oa mUgsa i=kdkfjrk esa izf'k{k.k ds fy, ,d ekWMy 'kq# fd;kA izks- flag Lo;a yanu ;wfuoflZVh esa i=kdkfjrk i<+dj rS;kj djus dks dgkA ,d ekl dE;qfuds'ku iSuy cuk;k x;kA vk, FksA vejhdk esa bUgksaus vaxzsth lkfgR; dh i<+kbZ dh FkhA o"kZ ;wthlh us i=kdkfjrk ds fy, [kkl enn ,oa lalk/ku iznku djuk

xqtjkr esa ehfM;k f'k{k.k laLFkkui

foe'kZehfM;k

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tuojh&ekpZ 2015

'kq: fd;kA blh dk urhtk gS fd vkt ns'k dh yxHkx reke Hkh muds ikl ugha gSaA vpjt dh ckr gS fd Hkkjr ,d fo'kky ns'k ;wfuoflZVh esa i=kdkfjrk dh i<+kbZ djkbZ tk jgh gSA gS ysfdu ,f'k;k esa ehfM;k ls tqM+h vusd vge laLFkkvksa ds

xqtjkr esa i=kdkfjrk dh i<+kbZ&fy[kkbZ dk igyk fopkj eq[;ky; Hkkjr esa u gksdj NksVs&NksVs ,f'k;kbZ ns'kksa esa gSaA ^izsl lkfgR;dkj&f'k{kkfon Lo- jfldyky ikjh[k dks vk;kA bUgksaus o"kZ QkmaMs'ku vkWQ ,f'k;k* dk eq[;ky; fQfyihal ds euhyk 'kgj esa 1948 esa vgenkckn esa xqtjkr fo|klHkk esa i=kdkfjrk ds izf'k{k.k gSA ^,f'k;k&iSflfQd czkMdkfLVax ;wfu;u* eysf'k;k ds dk fMIyksek dkslZ 'kq: djk;k vkSj blds lapkyu dh ftEesnkjh dqvkykyEiqj esa gSA ̂ ,f'k;u ekl dE;qfuds'ku baQesZ'ku lsaVj* dk f'k{kkfon ;'koar 'kqDy dks lkSaihA ;g dkyst fdlh ;wfuoflZVh ls eq[;ky; flaxkiqj esa gSAtqM+k gqvk ugha FkkA ckn esa ,p-ds- vkVZl dkyst esa ;g ;wfuoflZVh xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk esa igyh iqLrd o`Ùk foospu 1945 esa Lrj dk fMIyksek dkslZ ds :i esa 'kq: fd;k x;kA ,d lky ds dkslZ oMksnjk ds ,d i=kdkj jes'k xkSre mQZ jes'k ?kkjs[kku us fy[khA esa 40 Nk=k i<+rs FksA ;g iz;ksx dqN o"kZ pykA bl iqLrd esa i=kdkfjrk dk laf{kIr bfrgkl ds lkFk laiknu]

blds ckn 1973 esa jktdksV esa ^QwyNkc* v[kckj us laikndh;] dkVwZu tSls fofHkUu fo"k;ksa ij vPNh lkexzh fy[kh xbZA vius 50 o"kZ iwjs fd,A bl lekjksg ds ,d fgLls ds :i esa lkSjk"Vª blds i'pkr MkW jru ek'kZy us xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk dk bfrgkl VªLV us lkSjk"Vª ;wfuoflZVh dks ,d yk[k #i;s nku nsdj ;wfuoflZVh iqLrd fy[khA bl rjg 1975 rd xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk esa ;s dsoy esa gh i=kdkfjrk dk ,d iksLV xzstq,V foHkkx 'kq: djok;kA bl nks fdrkcsa gh miyC/k FkhaA ysfdu fiNys 20 lky esa i=kdkfjrk dh rjg ;wfuoflZVh Lrj ij ;g igyk dkslZ FkkA ^QwyNkc* ds ml fofHkUu fo|kvksa ij xqtjkrh esa vusd iqLrdsa vkbZaAle; laiknd fgEeryky ikjs[k Fks] ftUgksaus bl foHkkx dks 'kq: i=kdkfjrk ikB;Øe esa lcls cM+h f'kdk;r ;g gS fd djkus esa xgjh #fp yhA vkjaHk esa xqtjkrh foHkkx ds izeq[k blds v/;kid [kwc i<+s fy[ks vkSj fMxzh/kkjh gksrs gSa ,oa os vius bZ'ojyky nos dks i=kdkfjrk foHkkx dh ftEesnkjh lkSaih xbZA ;g vki esa gh [kks, jgrs gSa vkSj v[kckjksa ;k ehfM;k ds lkFk dksbZ foHkkx iksLV xzstq,V dkslZ ds vykok ih,pMh ikB;Øe ls Hkh tqM+k thoar lEidZ ugha j[krsA urhtk ;g vkrk gS fd v[kckj] Vhoh ;k gqvk gSA xqtjkr esa nf{k.k xqtjkr] mÙkj xqtjkr vkSj Hkkouxj osclkbV lfgr ehfM;k dk dksbZ Hkh ek/;e budks lg;ksx ugha ;wfuoflZVh esa Hkh i=kdkfjrk dh i<+kbZ gksrh gSA ysfdu buesa djrk ,oa buds Nk=kksa dks izf'k{k.k nsus ls Hkh budkj dj nsrk gSA i=kdkfjrk dh i<+kbZ&fy[kkbZ ds O;kid lalk/ku ugha gSaA egkjktk blh rjg] v[kckjksa esa cSBs iqjkuh ih<+h ds de i<+s fy[ks i=kdkj ubZ l;kthjko ;wfuoflZVh] oMksnjk esa vyx QSdYVh xfBr dj ih<+h ds lkFk lg;ksx ugha djrs vkSj mudk etkd mM+krs gSa] muds O;ofLFkr dkslZ 'kq: fd;k x;k gSA blh ;wfuoflZVh esa ,d vyx jkLrs esa vojks/k iSnk djrs gSa tks vPNh ckr ugha gSA ;g t:jh gS fd MsoyiesaV dE;qfuds'ku dk dkslZ pyrk gSA xqtjkr esa ;wfuoflZVh i=kdkfjrk ds laLFkkuksa vkSj ehfM;k ?kjkuksa ds chp laokn lsrq cuuk ds vykok vusd izkbosV dkystksa }kjk i=kdkfjrk ls tqM+s fofHkUu pkfg, ,oa ,d&nwljs dh dfBukb;ksa dks le>us dh dksf'k'k djuh ikB;Øeksa dh i<+kbZ djkbZ tk jgh gS ysfdu dbZ txg iw.kZdkfyd pkfg,A nqfu;k Hkj ds v[kckjksa] mudh vkpkj lafgrk] mudk v/;kid ugha gSa rks dbZ txg lalk/ku ugha gSaA dqN txg bfrgkl ;g lc vgenkckn ,oa jktdksV tSls 'kgjksa esa fdl dke va'kdkfyd :i ls i=kdkjksa ;k fjVk;j v/;kidksa dks i<+kus ds fy, dsA ehfM;k ?kjkuksa dh bl f'kdk;r dks nwj djus ds fy, cqyk;k tkrk gS rks dbZ txg ySc dk vHkko gSA dqN ds vius Hkou fu"BkiwoZd iz;Ru gksus pkfg,A Nk=kksa dks ;g Hkh i<+kb;s ysfdu tc ugha gS rks dqN txg i;kZIr QaM ugha gSA os i<+&fy[kdj ukSdjh djus tk,a vkSj ogka dh ifjfLFkfr esa os <y

e/;izns'k esa dqN lky igys ftl rjg ek[kuyky ldsa] dke dj ldas ,slh f'k{kk Hkh nh tkuh pkfg,A ehfM;k gkml prqosZnh jk"Vªh; i=kdkfjrk ,oa lapkj fo'ofo|ky; vfLrRo esa esa 'kqq: esa de osru vkSj vfuf'pr ukSdjh dh tks f'kdk;r Nk=kksa vk;k] mlh rjg csgrj ;wfuoflZVh vkSj foHkkxksa dh t:jr xqtjkr dks gksrh gS] og bu ?kjkuksa dks nwj djus dh dksf'k'k djuh pkfg,A esa gSA lkFk gh bu lHkh ij utj cuk, j[kus ds fy, vejhdk dh ;fn Lrj Åapk mBkuk gS rks osru Hkh T;knk nsuk gksxk vkSj f'kf{kr rjg ,d fu;ked dk gksuk t:jh gS D;ksafd fiNys dqN lkyksa esa i=kdkj ysus gksaxsA

¼ys[kd lkSjk"Vª fo-fo-] jktdksV ds i=kdkfjrk foHkkx ds iwoZ v/;{k gSaA½futh gkFkksa us iSlk dekus ds fy, ehfM;k dkslZ ds uke ij [kqyh ywV epk j[kh gS ,oa lqfo/kkvksa vkSj lalk/ku ds uke ij U;wure phtsa

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ehfM;k xq#

tjkrh i=kdkfjrk dh ckr gks vkSj MkW- ;klhu nyky dk ftØ uk gks rks dkQh dqN v/kwjk yxrk gSA xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk esa vkt ftrus cM+s uke gSa ;k ehfM;k gkml esa

tks /kqja/kj i=kdkj dke dj jgs gSa muesa ls vf/kdrj us ;k rks MkW- ;klhu nyky ls i=kdkfjrk ds xqj lh[ks gSa ;k muds lkFk fdlh uk fdlh rjg lEidZ esa jgs gSaA Njgjh dk;k] iwjk 'kjhj Oghy ps;j ds v/khu gksus ds ckotwn vkt Hkh bl 'k[l esa ogh meax vkSj tks'k dk;e gS tks fdlh ;qok esa fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA

^fjiksfVaZx ds fl)kar*] ̂ jsfM;ks fjiksfVaZx*] ̂ ys[k fy[kus dh dyk*] ̂v[kckj dk voyksdu*] ̂ D;k vki ys[kd cuuk pkgrs gaS--- i=kdkfjrk ls tqM+h ,d&nks ugha cfYd 65 ls T;knk fdrkcsa fy[kdj ;klhu nyky us fyEdk cqd vkWQ fjdkWMZ esa viuk uke ntZ fd;k

gSA buds eq[; 'kks/k i=kksa esa xqtjkrh izsl dy] vkt] dyA xqtjkrh izsl ,d utj esa] xqtjkrh izsl }kjk lalnh; pquko dk dojst] vkj{k.k vkanksyu vkSj izsl] lkSjk"Vª esa ijaijkxr xzkeh.kksa ij tu lapkj dk izHkko] lapkj 'kks/k] xqtjkrh esa fQYe i=kdkfjrk] lapkj 'kks/k esa rktk #>ku] vktknh ds ckn xqtjkrh izsl] eq[; 'kgjksa esa xqtjkrh izsl] fodkl lapkj] ueZn dh lq/kkjoknh izsl] i=kdkj ds :i esa jktk jkeeksgu jk; vkfn 'kkfey gSaA

xqtjkr vkSj Hkkjr ds bfrgkl esa 'kk;n ;g igyk okd;k gS tc fdlh ys[kd us i=kdkfjrk ij bruh lkjh

xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk ds xq#% MkW- ;klhu nyky

xq

xqtjkr lkfgR; ifj"kn vokMZ ls lEekfur MkW- nyky dk tUe 9 twu 1944 esa lkSjk"Vª ds ,d NksVs ls 'kgj miysVk esa gqvk FkkA xqtjkr ;wfuoflZVh esa 1966 esa Lukrd vkSj 1968 esa ijkLukrd dh fMxzh ikus ds ckn o"kZ 1881 esa mUgksaus ^lkSjk"Vª esa i=kdkfjrk dk mnHko* fo"k; ij ih,pMh dhA lkSjk"Vª

;wfuoflZVh ls 1975 esa dkuwu dh f'k{kk iwjh dhA

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fdrkcksa dk ys[ku fd;k gksA vxj ge MkW- ;klhu nyky dh vk;q iqjLdkj fn;kA 1985 esa i=kdkfjrk ds fy, miysVk E;qfufliyVh ls muds }kjk fyf[kr iqLrdksa dh la[;k dk vkSlr fudkysa rks ;g es?kkuh flYoj esMyA fQYe n'kZu fdrkc ds fy, 1985 esa vokWMZA dguk fcydqy xyr ugha gksxk fd mUgksaus vius vc rd thou ds mEnk i=kdkj dk xqtjkr ljdkj ls vokWMZA xqtjkrh lkfgR; izR;sd lky esa ,d fdrkc fy[khA xqtjkr lkfgR; ifj"kn vokMZ ls vdkneh vokMZA xqtjkrh lkfgR; ifj"kn vokWMZA eysf'k;k] lEekfur MkW- nyky dk tUe 9 twu 1944 esa lkSjk"Vª ds ,d NksVs ls baMksusf'k;k] teZuh] euhyk esa ehfM;k ekeyksa ij vk;ksftr vusd 'kgj miysVk esa gqvk FkkA xqtjkr ;wfuoflZVh esa 1966 esa Lukrd varjjk"Vªh; dkaÝsl esa Hkkx fy;kA lkSjk"Vª ;wfuoflZVh ds i=kdkfjrk vkSj 1968 esa ijkLukrd dh fMxzh ikus ds ckn o"kZ 1881 esa mUgksaus foHkkx ds izeq[k jg pqds MkW- nyky ^lkStU; ek/kqjh* uke dh ^lkSjk"Vª esa i=kdkfjrk dk mnHko* fo"k; ij ih,pMh dhA lkSjk"Vª ekfld if=kdk ds laiknd gSaA mUgksaus vius i=kdkfjrk ds dfj;j esa ;wfuoflZVh ls 1975 esa dkuwu dh f'k{kk iwjh dhA vius thou esa MkW- Hkkjr ds iwoZ iz/kkuea=kh eksjkjth nslkbZ ,oa vVyfcgkjh oktis;h] ;klhu nyky dks i<+kus fy[kkus dk vuqHko 43 lky dk gS ftlesa ls laxhrdkj ukS'kkn] dY;k.kth] vkuanth] xhrdkj 'ke'kkn csxe] pkj lky Ldwy Lrj ij] ikap lky dkWyst Lrj ij vkSj 34 lky ryr egewn] eUukMs] fQYe funsZ'kd ';ke csusxy vkSj vfHkusrk ;wfuoflZVh Lrj ijA 1973 esa nyky lkSjk"Vª ;wfuoflZVh ds vejh'k iqjh tSlh dbZ gfLr;ksa dk lk{kkRdkj fy;k gSA izfl) i=kdkfjrk foHkkx ds v/;{k cusA MkW- nyky us 1986 esa cfyZu funsZ'kd lR;thr js vkSj vfHkus=kh uwjtgka ds thou dks gj fQYe fQYe egksRlo esa Hkkx fy;kA blds vykok fons'kksa esa vk;ksftr izseh rd foLrkj ls igqapk;kA mudh N=k&Nk;k esa vkSj dq'ky dbZ varjjk"Vªh; fQYe egksRloksa esa Hkh Hkkjr dk izfrfuf/kRo fd;k ekxZn'kZu ls brus i=kdkj rS;kj gq, tks vkt xqtjkrh ,oa vU; gSA xqtjkr ds izfl) v[kckj ̂ xqtjkr lekpkj* esa fiNys 22 lkyksa Hkk"kkvksa ds dbZ cM+s v[kckjksa esa iz[kj i=kdkfjrk dj jgs gSaA ls ̂ fopkj fogkj* 'kh"kZd ls mudk fu;fer LraHk izdkf'kr gks jgk xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk ds fy, MkW- ;klhu nyky ges'kk ,d l'kDr gSA xqtjkr ljdkj us 1984 esa xzkeh.k fjiksfVaZx ds fy, f}rh; gLrk{kj] LraHk cus jgsaxsA q

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tjkrh Hkk"kk ds fy, ftl rjg fpark O;Dr dh tk jgh gS xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk Hkh ifjiDo gksrh xbZ ysfdu vc tks fpark gks mlh rjg chp&chp esa xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk ds fy, Hkh jgh gS og vyx izdkj dh gSA Ldwyksa ls xqtjkrh Hkk"kk dks gVk;k tk

FkksM+s&FkksM+s fnuksa esa fpark trkbZ tkrh gSA xqtjkrh esa <sjksa v[kckj] jgk gSA vius xqtjkrh gh viuh larkuksa dks oSf'od cukus ds yksHk if=kdk,a izdkf'kr gksus ds ckotwn bl rjg dh fpark trkuk esa vaxzsth ek/;e dh Ldwyksa esa izos'k fnyk jgs gSaA ftldh otg ls ;s vpjt iSnk djrk gS] tks LokHkkfod gSA ;fn xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk cPps cpiu ls viuh ekr`Hkk"kk ls oafpr jgus yxs gSaAl'kDr uk gksrh rks 200 o"kZ ds ckn Hkh ,dne etcwrh ls ;wa [kM+h okLro esa fpark dk fo"k; ubZ ih<+h gSA xqtjkrh uk gksrhA vkt Hkh 150&175 o"kZ ls fujarj izdkf'kr v[kckjksa] i=kdkfjrk dks vHkh 10&15 o"kZ rks dksbZ fnDdr ugha vk,xhA ;g if=kdkvksa dk bfrgkl gekjs lkeus gSA vkt Hkh ;g lHkh vPNh ckr eSa dsoy fizafVax ek/;e dh dj jgk gwaA fdlh Hkh cM+s 'kgj ls rjg py jgs gSaA rks ,sls esa loky mBrk gS fd bl rjg dh fpark 30&40 fdyksehVj nwj tk,a rks irk pysxk fd xzkeh.k {ks=k esa vHkh O;Dr D;ksa dh tk jgh gS\ Hkh blds fy, dkQh volj gaSA xkaoksa esa Hkh lk{kjrk dk izfr'kr

le; cnyus ds lkFk xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk Hkh cnyh gS c<+ jgk gSA mudh Ø; 'kfä c<+ jgh gSA xkao 'kgj ds utnhd vk ysfdu ;g ifjorZu cM+s Lrj ij uk gksus ls bl vksj /;ku ugha x;k jgs gSaA urhtu os Hkh ek/;eksa ds utnhd vk, gSaA bruk gh ugha gSA VsDukykWth vkSj O;kolkf;d rkSj ij fiNys 20 lky ls rqyuk fiNys dqN o"kksaZ esa ,Q,e jsfM;ks dh c<+ jgh yksdfiz;rk vkSj Vhoh dh tk, rks ;g irk pysxk fd bl {ks=k esa xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk us pSuyksa us Hkh xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk dk foLrkj fd;k gSA blds fy, cM+h Nykax yxkbZ gSA 1980 ds n'kd esa tc dEI;wVj dk vkxeu t:jr ls T;knk fpark djuk Bhd ughaA ldkjkRed #[k Hkh dkQh gqvk rc FkksM+k vthc yxrk FkkA vaxzsth i=kdkj Vkbi jkbVj ij vge Hkwfedk fuHkkrk gSA Hkk"kk ds fy, tkx`fr vkSj mlds fy, dh viuh LVksjh rS;kj djrs FksA 1985&86 ds ckn xqtjkrh i=kdkjksa us tk jgh dksf'k'kksa dks Hkh /;ku esa j[kuk pkfg,A dsoy csdkj dh Hkh dEI;wVj ij xqtjkrh Vkbfiax }kjk viuh LVksjh rS;kj djuh 'kq: fpark djus ls dqN gksrk ughaA blds fy, Bksl dne mBkus gksaxs ,oa fd;kA ml le; Hkh vusd yksxksa dks vpjt gksrk FkkA /khjs&/khjs Hkfo"; dks /;ku esa j[kdj ,d rjg dk ,D'ku Iyku cuk;k tk, lHkh dks bldh vknr gks xbZA blds ckn fizafVax {ks=k esa izxfr gqbZ rks xqtjkrh Hkk"kk] xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk dk Hkfo"; mTToy gS] ;g vkSj lkjs dke dEI;wVj ls gksus yxsA vkt fLFkfr ;g gS fd ge fl) dj ldsaxsAfeuV&feuV dk fglkc irk py tkrk gSA xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk dk lh/kk laca/k xqtjkrh Hkk"kk ds

ftu laLFkkvksa us le; ds lkFk vius dks ugha cnyk lkFk gSA Hkk"kk ftruh etcwr ,oa thoar gksxh mruh gh i=kdkfjrk mudh gkyr diM+k feyksa tSlh gksrh xbZA bruk gh ugha xqtjkfr;ksa f[ky mBsxhA Hkk"kk ds fy, dbZ yksxksa us vusd rjg dk yxko O;Dr }kjk viuh Hkk"kk ds xkSjo ds fy, Hkh tks mRlkg ns[kus dks feyk fd;k gSA oMksnjk fLFkr fo[;kr Hkk"kk 'kkL=kh MkW- x.ks'k nsoh us gky mldh otg ls Hkh bl {ks=k esa vkt vusd njokts [kqyrs fey jgs esa Hkk"kk ds laca/k esa ,d fjiksVZ ljdkj dks lkSaih gSA bl fjiksVZ esa gSaA jkT; esa lk{kjrk c<+us ds lkFk i<+us dh ykylk Hkh c<+h gSA blh crk;k x;k gS fd ns'k esa vaxzsth ds i'pkr fganh Hkk"kk dk foLrkj dk urhtk gS fd xqtjkrh v[kckj] if=kdk,a [kwc i<+h tk jgh gSaA gqvk gSA LFkkuh; Lrj ij ckr djsa rks xqtjkr esa cksyh tkus okyh

xq

xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk dk Hkfo"; ,oa fMftVyxqtjkrh i=kdkjksa dks feuh ySiVkWi] LekVZQksu] dSejk ls lqlfTtr fd;k x;k gS ftlls ?kVukLFky ls gh QksVks ds lkFk fjiksVZ rRdky Hksth tk ldsA tks yksx ges'kk Vhoh ds ikl ugha jgrs muds fy, osclkbV ds lekpkj vklkuh ls dHkh Hkh miyC/k gksrs gSaA buesa QksVks nsuk Hkh t:jh gSA v[kckj ;k if=kdk esa forj.k dh leL;k dfBu curh tk jgh gSA ,slh fLFkfr esa fMftVy ehfM;k dk Hkfo"; mTToy gSA

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lkfcr gqbZ gaSA osclkbV ij iy&iy ds lekpkj feyrs jgrs gSaA vusd cM+s ehfM;k gkml dh xqtjkrh lekpkj osclkbV ij cM+h la[;k esa ikBdksa ds vkus ls irk pyrk gS fd ;g la[;k Hkh yk[kksa esa igqap jgh gSA Hkkjr esa Hkys gh fMftVy ehfM;k vHkh Hkh f'k'kq voLFkk esa gS ysfdu vc xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk dk Hkfo"; fMftVy ehfM;k gSA vaxqyh dh iksj ij vc lekpkj fey tkrs gSaA osclkbV ls vxyk dne vc eksckby LekVZ Qksu gSA ges'kk lkFk jgrk Qksu mi;ksxdrkZ dks lekpkjksa ls Hkh voxr j[krk gSA

xqtjkfr;ksa ds izHkko dks /;ku esa j[krs gq, ekbØkslkW¶V ,oa xwxy tSlh fo'kky daifu;ksa us xqtjkrh esa ,i cukuk vkjaHk fd;k gSA LekVZ Qksu esa vc xqtjkrh ,i vk x, gSaA bu lHkh dh otg ls xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk Hkh LekVZ cu xbZ gSA ,slh i=kdkfjrk dk Hkfo"; mTToy gksrk gSA osclkbV vkSj LekVZ Qksu dh otg ls ;qok ih<+h xqtjkrh i<+us yxh gSA bl otg ls Hkh xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk dks dksbZ fnDdr ugha gksxhA blds vykok xqtjkrh lkfgR; vHkh Hkh mruk gh lnkcgkj gSA dfork] okrkZ] ukVdksa dh otg ls tks ;qok cpiu esa xqtjkrh lkfgR; ls oafpr jgrs gSa os bu ek/;eksa }kjk xqtjkrh lkfgR; izkIr dj ysrs gSaA i=kdkfjrk esa FkksM+k cgqr lkfgR; Hkh vkrk gh gSA bl otg ls Hkh xqtjkrh

fofo/k Hkk"kkvksa esa ls vkfnoklh Hkk"kk /khjs&/khjs yqIr gksrh tk jgh i=kdkfjrk dk Hkfo"; mTToy dgk tk ldrk gSA ;fn ,slk u gksrk gSA fo'ks"kdj Hkhyh Hkk"kk cksyus okyksa dh la[;k rsth ls ?kV jgh gSA rks bl le; ftl la[;k esa xqtjkrh v[kckj ,oa if=kdk,a fudy xqtjkrh Hkk"kk ds fy, vHkh ,slh fLFkfr vkbZ ugha gS ysfdu ftl jgh gaS] os ugha gh fudyrsA fiNys ,d n'kd esa Hkh xqtjkrh rjg viuh ubZ ih<+h dks xqtjkrh Hkk"kk ls oafpr j[kk tk jgk gS mls v[kckjksa dh la[;k esa c<+ksrjh gh gqbZ gSA blds vykok dsanz esa ns[ksa rks xqtjkrh Hkk"kk ds fy, Hkh fpark rks gS ghA ,uMh, ljdkj] iz/kkuea=kh in ij ujsUnz eksnh ,oa Hkktik izeq[k

fnYyh esa ,uMh, ljdkj ds 'kklu esa ek/;eksa ds fy, vfer 'kkg tSls fnXxt xqtjkfr;ksa ds vklhu gksus ls xqtjkfr;ksa dk ,d ldkjkRed ekgkSy cuk gSA fiNys dkQh le; ls jsfM;ks ij ncnck c<+k gSA ijaijkxr :i ls xqtjkrh ftu ns'kksa esa tkrs Fks vc lekpkj 'kq: djus ij fopkj gks jgk gSA ,uMh, ljdkj us bls os mudh txg vU; ns'kksa esa Hkh tkus yxs gSaA urhtru ogka Hkh lS)kafrd eatwjh ns nh gSA blds vey esa vkus ij xqtjkrh xqtjkfr;ksa dh la[;k c<+us yxh gSA ;s xqtjkrh ftl ns'k esa jgrs gSa i=kdkfjrk ds fy, ,d ubZ fn'kk [kqysxhA i=kdkfjrk dks vc ge ogka xqtjkrh Hkk"kk dh if=kdk,a 'kq: djrs gSaA vusd xqtjkrh dsoy fizafVax rd lhfer ugha j[k ldrsA jsfM;ks ds vykok xqtjkrh v[kckjksa ds fons'k ds fy, vad izdkf'kr gksrs gSaA lkFk gh ogka Hkh lekpkj pSuy Hkh Hkkjh izxfr dj jgs gSaA blesa ,d u;k gh ek/;e xqtjkrh Hkk"kk esa if=kdk,a fudyrh gSaA fons'k esa jsyos LVs'kuksa ij tqM+k gS vkSj ;g gS fMftVy ehfM;kA xqtjkrh osclkbVksa dh la[;k xqtjkrh Hkk"kk ds dk;ZØe Hkh vkrs gSaA bu lHkh dh tM+sa xqtjkrh yxkrkj c<+ jgh gSA osclkbV ns[kus okyksa dh la[;k esa Hkh btkQk i=kdkfjrk esa gSaA blh otg ls i=kdkfjrk i<+kus okyh laLFkkvksa dh gks jgk gSA fons'k esa yk[kksa xqtjkrh jgrs gSaA [kkldj vejhdk] la[;k Hkh c<+ jgh gSA gj lky lSdMksa Nk=k xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk dukMk] vkLVªsfy;k] vÝhdk vkSj [kkM+h ns'kksa esa jg jgs ewy i<+dj ckgj vkrs gSaA bruk gh ugha bu reke Nk=k&Nk=kkvksa dks xqtjkfr;ksa dh la[;k yk[kksa esa igqap xbZ gSA bu yksxksa dk vius ns'k xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk esa ukSdjh Hkh fey tkrh gS fQj Hkys gh og vkSj jkT; ds izfr izse Hkh [kwc thoar gSA mUgsa ;gka ds lekpkj v[kckj gks ;k if=kdk,a vFkok Vhoh ;k jsfM;ks gksA ;qokvksa dks bl pkfg, ghA Vhoh pSuy ds vykok osclkbV ,d vge ek/;e vksj vkrs ns[kk gSA ;fn xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk dk Hkfo"; mTToy u

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gks rks bruh cM+h la[;k esa 'kS{kf.kd laLFkk,a 'kq: ugha gks ldrh Fkh vkus okys lekpkjksa ds fy, Hkh xqtjkrh i=kdkjksa dh t:jr gksxhA vkSj cM+h la[;k esa Nk=k u i<+rsA xqtjkrh i=kdkjksa dks feuh xqtjkrh i=kdkjksa dks vk/kqfud cuuk gksxkA blds lkFk izfrLi/kkZ ySiVkWi] LekVZQksu] dSejk ls lqlfTtr fd;k x;k gS ftlls Hkh c<+us okyh gSA bl le; tks izfrLi/kkZ gS og ek=k lhfer ?kVukLFky ls gh QksVks ds lkFk fjiksVZ rRdky Hksth tk ldsA tks ek/;eksa rd dh gSA 4th lsok vkus ds ckn izfrLi/kkZ dk Hkh foLrkj yksx ges'kk Vhoh ds ikl ugha jgrs muds fy, osclkbV ds lekpkj gksxkA xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk blls igys ftruh LekVZ u gqbZ mruh vklkuh ls dHkh Hkh miyC/k gksrs gSaA buesa QksVks nsuk Hkh t:jh gSA vc vkus okys o"kksaZ esa ns[kus dks feysxhA

ys[kd fnO; HkkLdj ds dk;Zdkjh laiknd gSaAbruk gh ugha dbZ osclkbV rks vc vge lekpkjksa ds nks pkj feuV ds ohfM;ks Hkh viyksM dj nsrh gSaA blls ?kVukLFky ls nwj yksxksa dks lgh gdhdr rqjar ns[kus dks fey tkrh gSA fo'ks"kdj xqtjkr ls ckgj jgus okys ;k fons'k esa jg jgs xqtjkfr;ksa ds fy, ,sls lekpkj dkQh ykHknk;h lkfcr gksrs gSaA fMftVy ehfM;k esa dsoy ,d gh ckj fuos'k djuk gksrk gS ftldh otg ls ;g dqy feykdj fizafVax ek/;e dh rqyuk ls lLrk cSBrk gSA v[kckj ;k if=kdk esa forj.k dh leL;k dfBu curh tk jgh gSA ,slh fLFkfr esa fMftVy ehfM;k dk Hkfo"; mTToy gSA vxys o"kZ 4th VsyhQksu lsok 'kq: gksus ls lekpkj dkQh rsth ls feyus yxsaxsA ml le; osclkbVksa dk egRo c<+ tk,xkA U;wt iksVZy LekVZ Qksu ij jkt djsaxsA LekVZ Qksu ij

Laknhi dqekj JhokLro dks ih,p-Mh- mikf/kbykgkcknA mÙkjizns'k jktf"kZ V.Mu eqDr

fo'ofo|ky; ds ekufodh fo|k'kk[kk dh vksj ls lanhi dqekj JhokLro dks i=kdkfjrk ,oa tulapkj esa ih,p-Mh- mikf/k iznku dh xbZ gSA lanhi us viuk 'kks/k& ^fgUnh i=kdkfjrk ij Hkwe.Myhdj.k ds izHkkoksa dk v/;;u* fo"k; esa

bykgkckn fo'ofo|ky;] fgUnh foHkkx ds Mk- lw;Zukjk;.k flag ds funsZ'ku esa iwjk fd;kA lanhi orZeku esa f'k;kV~l ds Ldwy vkWQ fQYe ,aM ekl dE;qfuds'ku esa vfrfFk izoDrk gSaA

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osc foe'kZfgeka'kq fddk.kh

VjusV ij xqtjkrh Hkk"kk dk D;k gky gS] ;g tkuus ls igys FkksM+h ckr nwljh Hkk"kkvksa dh dj ysaA nqfu;k dh yxHkx

vk/kh tula[;k rd baVjusV igqap x;k gS vkSj bldk lokZf/kd mi;ksx vaxzsth esa gks jgk gSA nwljs LFkku ij pkbuht ,oa blds i'pkr Lisfu'k] tkikuht] Ýsap vkfn Hkk"kkvksa dk uacj vkrk gSA Hkkjr vkcknh ds fglkc ls ,d cM+k ns'k gS ysfdu fofo/k Hkk"kk,a vyx&vyx txg iz;kl fd, tkus ls vyx&vyx lkW¶Vos;j ,oa gksus ls gh laHkor% pksVh dh Hkk"kkvksa dh lwph esa fganh dgha ns[kus dks dh&cksMZ dk mi;ksx 'kq: gqvk ,oa [kkbZ bruh xgjh jgh fd bu ugha feyrhA vyx&vyx lkW¶Vos;j ds chp dksbZ rkyesy ugha cu ldkA blls

Hkk"kk foKku dh n`f"V ls ns[ksa rks ekuo tkfr dk Hkk"kk ;g gqvk fd ,d lkW¶Vos;j dk mi;ksx dj fy[kh xbZ lkexzh dks foKku bl le; rhljs pj.k esa gSA igyk pj.k] ftlesa cksyh tkus T;knkrj nwljs lkW¶Vos;j i<+ ;k le> ugha ldrsA ysfdu vc rks okyh Hkk"kk dk fodkl gqvkA nwljs pj.k esa fy[kus vkSj fizaV djus bl fn'kk esa dkQh iz;kl gq, gSa ,oa ;wfudksM dk mi;ksx c<+ jgk gSA dh Hkk"kk fodflr gqbZA rhljs pj.k esa Hkk"kk us fMftVy :i fy;k ;wfudksM {ks=kh; Hkk"kkvksa ds fy, ,slk ojnku gS tks baVjusV ij gSA blds ckn rks Hkk"kk dk dksbZ varj] dksbZ ca/ku izknsf'kd Hkk"kkvksa ds mi;ksx esa vk jgh [kkfe;ksa dks ;k dksbZ lhek,a jgh ughaA dEI;wVj dh [kkst gqbZ nwj djrk gSAvkSj baVjusV ds tUe ds lkFk nqfu;k dh vf/kdrj baVjusV ij xqtjkrhHkk"kkvksa ds fo}kuksa us Lo;a dh Hkk"kk dks fMftVy baVjusV ds c<+rs foLrkj dks ns[ksa rks vusd :i nsdj ubZ VsDukykWth dk gj laHko ykHk ysus baVjusV m|fe;ksa us 'kq#vkrh tks'k esa vkdj vusd dk iz;kl fd;kA dfBukb;ksa dk lek/kku [kkstrs gq, xqtjkrh esa

Hkkjrh; Hkk"kkvksa esa Hkh ;g iz;kl osclkbV~l cukbZ FkhA buesa ^dse Nks-dkWe*] vkjaHk gq, gSaA bl fn'kk esa nf{k.k jkT; vkxs jgsA ^ef.kcsu-dkWe*] ^vfLerk-dkWe* tSlh xqtjkrh ogka ds fo'ofo|ky;ksa us bl laca/k esa cM+s Lrj ij lkbV~l vkbZaA 1999&2000 ds nkSjku MkWV-dkWe 'kks/k 'kq: fd,A LFkkuh; Hkk"kkvksa esa dEI;wVj dk ccy ds nkSj esa vusd xqtjkrh osclkbV~l vkbaZA ̂ jhfMQ-dkWe* tSlh mi;ksx fd, tk ldus ds fy, lkW¶Vos;j cuk,aA nwljh Hkk"kkvksa ds etcwr lkbV Hkh {ks=kh; Hkk"kkvksa dh vksj vkdf"kZr gqbZAlkFk xqtjkrh Hkk"kk dks Hkh bldk ykHk feyk vkSj xqtjkrh Hkk"kk ds jhfMQ us igys fganh] rfey vkSj rsyqxw esa iksVZy ykap fd, lkW¶Vos;j fodflr gq,A urhtu] dEI;wVj ij xqtjkrh dk mi;ksx vkSj 2000 esa xqtjkrh lkbV cukbZA ^bafM;kbaQks-dkWe* dh Hkh ljy cuk vkSj xqtjkrh esa Hkh osclkbV cuus yxhA ftl rjg xqtjkrh lkbV cukus dh ;kstuk FkhA ml le; bruh osclkbV~l vaxzsth esa eSVj dEikst djus ds fy, ,d gh rjg dk dh&cksMZ vkbZa fd ekuksa v[kckjksa vkSj Vhoh pSuYl dks VDdj nsus ds fy, ;g mi;ksx esa fy;k trk gS oSlk LFkkuh; Hkk"kkvksa esa ugha gks ldkA

ba

baVjusV ij Nk jgh gS xqtjkrh Hkk"kkxqtjkr ljdkj ds vyx&vyx ea=kky;ksa vkSj foHkkxksa ds fy, Hkh xqtjkrh osclkbV cukus dk O;kid vuqHko j[kus okys ^lk;cjlQZ* uked daiuh ds funs'kd lehj la?koh dk dguk gS fd vf/kdrj

xqtjkrh osclkbV fctusl j.kuhfr ds ctk; mRlkg esa vkdj 'kq: fd, x, m|e FksA ekax u gks] dsoy vkbfM;k gks vksj osclkbV cuk nh tk, rks mlds urhts ,sls gh vkrs gSaA

80


ek/;e [kM+k gks jgk gks ysfdu ckn esa ;g xqCckjk QwV x;k vkSj ^bafM;kbaQks-dkWe* us xqtjkrh lkbV dh ;kstuk BaMs cLrs esa Mky nhA ̂ jhfMQ-dkWe* us Hkh vaxzsth ds vykok vU; Hkk"kkvksa dks can dj fn;kA ̂ jhfMQ-dkWe* dh xqtjkrh osclkbV ls tqM+s jgs i=kdkj fnyhi xksfgy dk dguk gS fd ml le; baVjusV dk mi;ksx vkSj dekbZ dk tks vuqeku yxk;k x;k Fkk og T;knk FkkA gdhdr esa rsth ls c<+ksrjh ugha gqbZA ml le; baVjusV dkQh egaxk FkkA dhA ykHk dh txg lekt ds fy, dqN djus vkSj csgrj iBuh; nwljk] vf/kdrj osclkbV cukus okys bl ek/;e dks le> ugha lkexzh nsus ds mís'; ls 'kq: dh xbZ bl if=kdk us [kklh yksdfiz;rk ldsA LFkkuh; Lrj ij Hkh baVjusV dh mi;ksfxrk gS] bl ckr dks gkfly dh vkSj vusd yksxksa dks CykWfxax dh izsj.kk nhAle>us ds ctk; fons'k esa jg jgs xqtjkfr;ksa dk /;ku [khapus ds ;wfudksM ds mi;ksx ls 'kq: gq, bu CykWXl us /khjs&/khjs iz;kl gq,A jhfMQ ,d vkWxsZukbTM ,QVZ gksus ds ckotwn varr% ;wfudksM dks Hkh yksdfiz; cuk;kA jkspd ckr ;g Fkh fd 'kq#vkr mldh fons'k esa gh jhMj'khi [kM+h gqbZ] ftldh otg ls mls ns'k esa esa ys[ku ;k VsDukykWth nksuksa ckrksa dk csdxzkmaM u j[kus okys yksxksa vk; ugha gks ldrh FkhA xqtjkr ljdkj ds vyx&vyx ea=kky;ksa us CykWfxax dks yksdfiz; cukus esa vge ;ksxnku fn;kA dfork izseh vkSj foHkkxksa ds fy, Hkh xqtjkrh osclkbV cukus dk O;kid rks CykWfxax ds ihNs nhokus fn[ksA lwjr ds MkW- foosd Vsyj us vuqHko j[kus okys ^lk;cjlQZ* uked daiuh ds funs'kd lehj Lojfpr dkO; dk igyk CykWx cuk;k vkSj gj 'kfuokj dks ubZ la?koh dk dguk gS fd vf/kdrj xqtjkrh osclkbV fctusl jpuk CykWx esa fy[kus dk flyflyk tkjh j[kkA vejhdk fLFkr j.kuhfr ds ctk; mRlkg esa vkdj 'kq: fd, x, m|e FksA ekax u MkWDVj fe=k vkSj dfork izseh /koy 'kkg ds lkFk nksuksa us ̂ y;Lrjks* gks] dsoy vkbfM;k gks vksj osclkbV cuk nh tk, rks mlds urhts uked CykWx cuk;k] tgka vkt vusd dfo;ksa dh jpuk,a ekml ds ,sls gh vkrs gSaA tcfd] vaxzsth osclkbV dks Hkh pykus ds fy, iSls ,d fDyd ij fey tkrh gaSA MkW- foosd Vsyj dgrs gSa fd xqtjkrh dh deh Fkh rks {ks=kh; Hkk"kk ds iksVZy ds D;k gky gksaxs] ;g vki Hkk"kk dh iqLrdsa lhekvksa dks ikj dj vc lPps vFkZ esa Xykscy cu le> ldrs gSaA jgh gSaA <sjksa CykWx vkSj Kku ds vk/kkj ij cuh lhf<+;ka p<+dj

xqtjkrh Hkk"kk vkdk'k dks Nw jgh gSAxqtjkrh osclkbV ,oa CykWXl;|fi] xqtjkrh CykWXl ds f[kykQ lcls cM+h f'kdk;r bl iwjh dgkuh esa jkspd fVoLV yk, ns'k&fons'k ds

;g gS fd vf/kdrj CykWXl dforkvksa ds gSaA viuh euilan dfork xqtjkrh CykWxlZA bu CykWxlZ us baVjusV ek/;e dk mi;ksx dekbZ ds nks&pkj 'kCn fy[krs gh iwjh dfork i<+us ds fy, feyus ds iwjs ds cnys Lo;a ds vkuan ds fy, fd;kA tSls fd fQyksMsfYQ;k esa jg ekSds gSaA ;kuh dfork lquus vkSj i<+us dks feyus dh Hkh laHkkouk jgs fd'kksj jkoy us 1999 esa ̂ dslwMk-dkWe* dh 'kq#vkr dh FkhA ;g gSA ykWl,aftYl ds t;Jh Hkä us vusd tkuh&vutkuh xqtjkrh vHkh rd xqtjkrh lkfgR; ijkslrh jgh gSA 2004&2005 esa ^Qksj jpukvksa dks baVjusV ij viyksM fd;k gSA budh gh rjg] ewy ,loh&izHkkruk iq"iks* ds uke ls xqtjkrh lkfgR; ds ,d 'kkSdhu us vgenkckn ds jgus okys ,oa yanu esa LFkkbZ gq, uhjt 'kkg us Hkh ilanhnk xqtjkrh xhr vkSj dfork,a vius CykWx esa ijkslhA blds xk;dksa&laxhrdkjksa ds xhrksa dks baVjusV ij xqatk fn;k gSA ;g lc ckn rks xqtjkrh CykWx dh la[;k c<+us yxhA oMksnjk esa jgus okys cxSj iSlk vnk fd, vkSj Hkk"kk izse ds dkj.k laHko gqvkA U;wtlhZ e`xs'k 'kkg us ̂ jhMxqtjkrh-dkWe* ds uke ls ,d osc if=kdk Hkh 'kq: dh eksuk uk;d mfeZlkxj ds uke ls ,d 'kCn nsrh gSa vkSj yksx bl ij iwjh dfork fy[krs gSaA ;g vn~Hkqr iz;ksx xqtjkrh esa gks jgs gaSA vgenkckn esa bathfu;j ds in ls fjVk;j gksdj vejhdk pys x, lqjs'k HkkbZ tkuh us gjh'k nos] vfer filkokfM;k] t;Jh HkDr] eksuk uk;d ds lkFk CykWx esa dfork ds vykok uohurk ykus dk iz;kl fd;k vkSj xqtjkrh fo}kuksa ,oa O;fä fo'ks"k dh thouh CykWx ij viyksM djus dh 'kq#vkr dhA nkgksn dh jkts'ojh 'kqDy

foe'kZehfM;k

81

tuojh&ekpZ 2015

eksuk uk;d us lHkh xqtjkrh CykWx dh ,d fyad lfgr us Vhpj ds in ls fjVk;j gksus ds ckn usV ij cPpksa dk dyjo xqatk lwph cukbZA nqcbZ fLFkr fuys'k O;kl us ^dkdklkc* ds uke ls fn;kA vkuan ds ikl ckdjksy ds t;ar iVsy us xqtjkrh iqLrdky; Vwyckj cukdj yxHkx lHkh xqtjkrh CykWx dk 'kkunkj oxhZdj.k dks usV ij ykus dk iz;kl fd;kA twukx<+ ds jktho xksgsy us dj usV ij xqtjkrh iBu dks vklku dj fn;kA mUgksaus xqtjkrh vkLVªsfy;k esa fjlpZ djrs&djrs Hkh CykWx ls dfork vkSj ekr`Hkk"kk CykWXl ds lHkh rktk ys[k ,d lkFk ,d gh LFkku ij i<+us ds fy, ds lkFk laca/k cuk, j[kkA bl rjg nqfu;k Hkj esa baVjusV ij ,xzhxsVj ^fuizk* dks tUe fn;kA blh rjg] vgenkckn ds iadt xqtjkrh Hkk"kk dks c<+kus ds iz;kl gq, gSaAcsxk.kh vkSj muds lkfFk;ksa us ̂ rksj.k* uked CykWx ,xzhxsVj xqtjkrh baVjusV ij xqtjkrh ds fy, fofo/k igy Hkk"kk dks fn;kA bUgksaus fganh CykWx txr dks Hkh vewY; ;ksxnku baVjusV ij xqtjkrh ds izlkj dh lcls jkspd ckr ;g gS

fn;k gSA ikyuiqj esa tUes dkfrZd feL=kh rks fd ;gka vf/kdrj xqtjkrh Hkk"kk dh lsok CykWxj gSa gh lkFk gh bUgksaus czkmtj vkSj ,d&nwljs dks enn djus dh ^Qk;jQksDl* dk xqtjkrh laLdj.k Hkh rS;kj vo/kkj.kk ds lkFk tqVs gq, gSaA xqtjkfr;ksa djus esa vge Hkwfedk fuHkkbZ gSAus dsoy CykWxj cudj larks"k djus ds bl ys[k ds ys[kd fgeka'kq fddk.kh xqtjkrh ctk; usV ij viuh Hkk"kk ds izlkj ds

nSfud v[kckj ^fnO; HkkLdj* esa tuojh 2008 fy, fofo/k igy Hkh dh gaSA yanu fLFkr ls ̂ lk;cjlQj* uked LraHk fy[k jgs gSa ftlesa m|ksxifr jfryky panfj;k us lewps ljy xqtjkrh Hkk"kk esa baVjusV] dEI;wVj vkSj xqtjkrh 'kCndks"k dks fMftVy vkSj LekVZQksu ds ckjs esa vyx&vyx igyqvksa dh fDyd ij miyC/k dj xqtjkrh Hkk"kk esa tkudkjh gksrh gSA ;g LraHk vkSj osclkbV ,d u, v/;k; dh 'kq#vkr dh gSA lk;cjlQj-dkWe dkQh yksdfiz; gq, ftls ns[krs eqacbZ esa xqtjkrh dEI;wVj VsDukykWth ds gq, Qjojh 2011 esa ^lk;jcjlQj* uked 48 fy, dk;Z dj jgs mRd"kZ us blesa [kklk ist dh ,d ekfld if=kdk 'kq: gqbZA ,d fo"k; ;ksxnku fn;k gSA m|ksxifr jfrHkkbZ] ij v[kckj esa fy[ks tk jgs LraHk ij if=kdk 'kq: f'k{kd mÙkeHkkbZ xTtj vkSj bathfu;j gks tk,] ;g laHkor% fdlh vU; {ks=kh; Hkk"kk esa cyoarHkkbZ iVsy dh o;kso`) f=kiqVh us 'kk;n gh ?kVk gksA xqtjkfr;ksa dh ;g esgur vc i<+us ;ksX; xqtjkrh jpukvksa dh ihMh,Q jax yk jgh gSA usV ij xqtjkrh vc CykWx rd Qkby cukdj ̂ laMs bZ&egfQy* ds :i esa lhfer ugha jgsA ^fnO; HkkLdj* lfgr vU; gj jfookj dks bZ&esy }kjk yksxksa rd v[kckjksa ds osclkbV ij vc ;wfudksM esa gksus ls igqapkus dh ,d 'kkunkj igy dhA buds ikBdksa dh la[;k esa rsth ls c<+ksrjh gks jgh bUgksaus ;g lkfcr fd;k fd VsDukykWth gSA xqtjkr ljdkj dh ubZ lkbV~l vc ;wfudksM fdlh vk;q ds yksxksa ds fy, vM+pu ugha gSA MkW- /koy 'kkg us tgka

esa rS;kj gks jgh gSaA vc LekVZQksu dk tekuk rsth ls vkxs ls c<+ dEI;wVj ;wfudksM ,fDVosV djus dh fof/k ,dne ljy] fLØu'kkWV jgk gS vkSj xwxy Hkh LFkkuh; Hkk"kk esa daVsaV c<+s vkSj eksckby esa ds lkFk le>kdj vusd u, CykWxjksa ds fy, jkLrk vklku cuk xqtjkrh QksaV ns[kus dks feys] ds fy, iz;Ru dj jgk gSA ,sls esa dgk fn;kA ogha] vejhdk fLFkr fo'kky eks.kijk us vaxzsth esa Vkbi djrs tk ldrk gS fd vkus okys fnuksa esa xqtjkrh dk izlkj baVjusV dh gq, xqtjkrh v{kj fizaV gksus dk 'kkunkj] vkWuykbu VkbiisM rS;kj nqfu;k esa rsth ls c<+sxkA dj fn;kA fo'kky us vU; QksaV esa fy[kh xbZ lkexzh dks ;wfudksM esa

¼ys[kd i=kdkfjrk] foKkiu vkSj lapkj {ks=k esa nks n'kd ls tqM+s gq, gSaA duoVZ djus dh lqfo/kk rS;kj dj vge dk;Z fd;kA fo'kky us

fnO; HkkLdj ds fu;fer LraHk ys[kd gSa ,oa lk;cjlQj uked ekfld xqtjkrh v[kckj cxSj QksaV MkmuyksM fd, i<+us dh Hkh lqfo/kk if=kdk dk laiknu ,oa izdk'ku dj jgs gSaA½rS;kjh dhA

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osc foe'kZdY;k.kh ns'keq[k

=kdkfjrk 'kCn i<+rs gh vkidks fofHkUu v[kckjksa dh ;kn ftldk mi;ksx fd;k tkuk pkfg,A fQj ge gh ;qokvksa dh fpark esa vkbZ gksxh--- ftuesa ekSle lekpkj] fØdsV Ldksj-- Mwc tkrs gSa fd vkt ds ;qokvksa dk iqLrdksa dh vksj vkd"kZ.k de vkRegR;kvksa dk nkSj-- vkraddkfj;ksa dh ng'kr--- 'kksd gks x;k gSA tc rd dEI;wVj vkSj baVjusV dh ,chlhMh gesa ugha

lekpkj-- vkfn gksrs gSaA ysfdu ,d ckr vc le> ysa fd vkrh Fkh rc gesa i<+us ds fy, iqLrdksa vkSj ukSdjh&dkjksckj ds fy, i=kdkfjrk vc dsoy dkxt ds VqdM+ksa esa gh lhfer ugha jghA vkt v[kckj ij fuHkZj jguk gksrk Fkk ysfdu vc osc dk tekuk gS] vkWuykbu tuZfyTe dk egRo c<+ x;k gSA eryc vkt osc LihM dk ;qx gS vkSj izfrLi/kkZ dk le; gSA ;gh otg gS fd baVjusV i=kdkfjrk dk tekuk gSA ,sls Hkh dg ldrs gSa fd LihM dk tekuk dh vksj ;qok vf/kd ls vf/kd la[;k esa f[kaps pys tk,a rks vpjt gSA baVjusV ek/;e ls yksxksa rd igqapus dh i=kdkfjrk ;kuh osc ugha gksxkAtuZfyTeA osc tuZfyTe vf/kdka'kr% bysDVªkWfud tuZfyTe tSlh osc ds egRo dh otg ls gh fofHkUu MkWV dkWe pSuyksa ij gh gS ysfdu bldk foLrkj ,oa iqjkus vadksa dks yach vof/k rd ns[k vkt ;g izfrLi/kkZ ns[kus dks feyrh gS fd dkSulh osclkbV fdl ldus dh lqfo/kk dh otg ls osc tuZfyTe nwljs ek/;eksa ls vyx eq[; ?kVuk dks lcls igys viMsV djrh gSA LihM esa viMsV djus fn[kkbZ nsrh gSA ds lkFk&lkFk ,D;wjslh Hkh mruh gh t:jh gSA eryc vki dsoy

osc tuZfyTe esa LihM dk [kkl egRo gS] tks bls vU; vQokgksa ds vk/kkj ij fdlh lwpuk dks viMsV dj yksxksa dks xyr ek/;eksa ls vyx fn[kkrk gSA v[kckjksa esa ge tks i<+rs gSa og ,d jkLrs ij ugha ys tk ldrsA ,d le; yksx vkidh lkbV ij fDyd fnu igys ?kV pqdh ?kVuk dh tkudkjh gksrh gSA tcfd vkWuykbu Hkh djsaxs ysfdu gdhdr lkeus vkrs gh vki yksxksa dh tuZfyTe vkidks vkt dh ?kVuk dh vkt ugha cfYd rqjar gh fo'oluh;rk [kks nsaxsA fo'oluh;rk dks ysdj osc i=kdkfjrk esa tkudkjh ns nsrh gSA baVjusV vkSj eksckby ds tekus esa vktdy tksjnkj izfrLi/kkZ gSA dSyk'k lR;kFkhZ vkSj eykyk dks 'kkafr ukscy lHkh dks lc dqN ,d fDyd ij fey tkus dh mEehn c<+ jgh gSA iqjLdkj feyk bruh gh [kcj ugha cfYd dSyk'k lR;kFkhZ ds ckjs esa

vc og tekuk ugha jgk fd vki vius ys[k dks izdkf'kr ,d Hkh v{kj u tkuus ij dsoy nl feuV esa vki lc dqN tku djokus ds fy, v[kckjksa ds n¶rj rd tk,a vkSj rc Hkh r; ugha ldrs gSaA dSyk'k lR;kFkhZ dkSu gS] mUgksaus D;k dke fd, gSa vkSj fd vkidk ys[k Ni gh tk,A ysfdu baVjusV ij CykWx dh lgk;rk mUgsa fdu dk;ksaZ ds fy, ukscy iqjLdkj fn;k tk jgk gS] vc rd ls vki vius fopkjksa dks yksxksa rd vklkuh ls igqapk ldrs gSaA ;gh fdu&fdu dks ;g iqjLdkj fey pqdk gS lfgr ukscy iqjLdkj ds ,slk ek/;e gS ftlds }kjk eqDr :i ls vius fopkjksa dks lewps ckjs esa gtkjksa ist dh tkudkjh ik ldrs gSaA ;gka Hkh fodYi gS fd lalkj ds lkeus j[k ldrs gSaA viuh dye dh rkdr dk ;ksX; vkidks fdl ys[kd dk fy[kk gqvk i<+uk gS] fdldk ughaA ;g gS mi;ksx djus ds fy,] vius fopkjksa] vius lans'k dks yksxksa rd baVjusV dk deky--vkSj osc i=kdkfjrk dk /kekyAigqapkus ds fy, baVjusV ls csgrj nwljk dksbZ ek/;e ughaA baVjusV fiNys ,d n'kd esa baVjusV dk dbZ xquk fodkl gqvk gSA ij CykWx gh ugha---Qslcqd--fV~oVj vkSj xwxy Iyl tSls lks'ky ehfM;k oYMZ esa Hkh baVjusV dk O;kid foLrkj gqvk gSA yksx bldh ehfM;k Hkh gaS ftuds }kjk vki yksxksa ds fopkj tku ldrs gSa vkSj rjQ vkdf"kZr gq, gSa vkSj blfy, gh osc i=kdkfjrk dk egRo vusd yksxksa rd vius fopkj igqapk Hkh ldrs gSaA c<+rk tk jgk gSA osc i=kdkfjrk esa ;fn LihM ugha gS rks dqN ughaA

dHkh ;g lkspk Fkk fd vki dsoy xka/khth 'kCn xwxy dh osc i=kdkfjrk esa dke djus okys yksxksa ds chp ges'kk LihM dks fdlh Hkh ekU; Hkk"kk esa fy[ksaxs rks vkidks vusd vkWI'ku fey ysdj izfrLi/kkZ jgrh gSA de le; esa vf/kd dke djus okys yksx tk,axs\ ;qok gks ;k fo|kFkhZ] dfj;j ls lacaf/kr tkudkjh gks ;k csgn rsth ls vkxs c<+ tkrs gSaA yksxksa dk fo'okl dk;e j[kus ,oa i<+kbZ&fy[kkbZ ls tqM+h lwpuk,a--lc dqN xwxy ij lpZ dj vklkuh lQy osc i=kdkfjrk dh ,d gh pkch gS LihM ,oa ,D;wjslhA

¼ysf[kdk oscnqfu;k-dkWe ds xqtjkrh iksVZy esa ofj"B mi&laiknd gSaA½ls tqVkbZ tk ldrh gSaA vjs HkkbZ ;gh rks vk/kqfud rduhd gS]

ixqtjkrh osc i=kdkfjrk % le; 'kq: gqvk gS vc

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tuojh&ekpZ 2015

flus foe'kZuhrk mnkuh

tjkrh fQYeksa dh 'kq#vkr 1931 esa igyh cksyrh fganh fQYe ̂ vkyevkjk* ds vkus ds vxys o"kZ gh gqbZA 1932 esa igyh xqtjkrh fQYe ̂ ujflag esgrk* vkbZ ysfdu tgka

fganh flusek us rsth ls izxfr dh ogha xqtjkrh flusek dk fodkl vVd x;kA bl vM+pu dh eq[; otg laHkor% ;g Fkh fd xqtjkrh flusek ifjorZu dks viuk u ldkA VsDukykWth dks utjvankt vkSj n'kZdksa ds ,d fuf'pr lewg dks /;ku esa j[kdj fQYesa cukuk xqtjkrh flusek ds fodkl esa lcls cM+k jksM+k cukA vkt 'kgjh n'kZd eqf'dy ls xqtjkrh fQYesa ns[kuk ilan djrk gSA gkykafd] vc gok dk #[k cny jgk gSA xqtjkrh u, ;qok xzqi

fQYe cukdj Hkkjr esa fQYeksa dk ;qx 'kq: fd;k rks 1932 esa u, fopkj ds lkFk bl {ks=k esa ifjorZu ykus ds fy, dej dl xqtjkrh esa xhr&laxhr] u`R; vkSj laokn ls lth cksyrh fQYeksa dk eSnku esa MVs gSaA ,sls esa xqtjkrh fQYeksa dh n'kk vkSj vc ubZ fn'kk fuekZ.k 'kq: gqvkA 1932 esa lkxj ewohVksu ds rgr fuekZrk D;k gksxh] ;g tkuuk jkspd cusxkAfpeuyky nslkbZ us ^ujflag esgrk* fQYe cukdj flusek ds Hkkjrh; fQYeksa dk bfrgkl y?kq fQYeksa ls 'kq: gqvk bfrgkl dks vkxs c<+k;kA ;g fQYe 9 vizSy 1932 dks eqacbZ ds ysfdu bldh lgh 'kq#vkr rks xwaxh fQYeksa ds vkxeu ls ekuh osLV,aM ¼ukt½ fFk;sVj esa yxhA blls igys xwaxh Hkkjrh; fQYe ,u-tkrh gSA 1913 esa nknk lkgsc QkYds us ^jktk gfj'panz* uked

,l- ikV.kdj vkSj }kjdkykl laiV us cukbZ FkhA ^jktk gfj'panz* ds ckn xqtjkrh cksyrh fQYe 16 vizSy dks ^eqacbZuh 'ksBk.kh* ¼ys[kd% pkai'kh mns'kh½ izLrqr dh xbZA 1932 ls 1940 ds nkSjku dbZ lkekftd dkWesMh ̂ ?kj tekbZ*] ^vDdyuk ckjnkj* vkSj lkekftd dFkk ij cuh ̂ lektuk okads* ,oa ^vNwr* tSlh fQYesa cuhA blls igys lkxj ewohVksu us dUgS;kyky eqa'kh dh dgkuh ij vk/kkfjr ^cs [kjkc t.k* vkSj iyZ fiDplZ us ^QkadMks fQrqjh* uked cukbZA bl rjg xqtjkrh fQYeksa dh 'kq#vkr gqbZA 1941 ls 1945 ds nkSjku ikap o"kZ ds 'kwU;kodk'k ds ckn xqtjkrh fQYesa rsth ls cuhA

1946 esa oh-,u- O;kl dh ^jk.knsoh*] 1947 esa

xqtjkrh flusek% Lo.kZ ;qx dk bartkj

xq

xqtjkrh fQYeksa esa xhr laxhr dh ckr dh tk, rks ;g Lohdkj djuk gksxk fd xqtjkrh fQYeksa esa xhr laxhr gkoh jgs ysfdu dkO; rRo [kkstus tk,a rks gh fey ik,xkA vkjafHkd nkSj esa ukV;eap ds xhr dfo j?kqukFk czãHkê] izQqYy nslkbZ vkfn dk cksyckyk FkkA 1974 ls vfouk'k O;kl us xhrdkj vkSj

laxhrdkj dh nksgjh Hkwfedk fuHkkbZA

84


^dqaojckbZuqa ekes#* vkSj ^tlek vksM.k* dk fuekZ.k gqvkA ml le; dqN viokn dks NksM+dj vf/kdrj fQYesa /kkfeZd] ikSjkf.kd dFkkvksa ij vk/kkfjr gh FkhaA ^HkDr vacfj"k*] ^HkDr lwjnkl*] ^HkDr iqjk.k*] ^HkDr iqaMfyd*] îzgykn*] ^d`".k lqnkek*] ^jk/ks ';ke*] ûkjn eqfu*] ^lR;oku lkfo=kh*] ^vks[kkgj.k*] êgklrh vulq;k* vkfn blds mnkgj.k gSaA bfrgkl vkSj yksddFkkvksa ds leUo; ls ^lrh tlek*] ^tsly rksjy*] ^lrh lksu*] ^'ks.kh fotk.kan*] ^lnsoar lkofy;k*] ^jk uo?k.k* tSls fQYesa curh jghaA lkekftd fj'rksa ij ^HkkHkhuk gsr*] ^HkkbZcgsu*] ^Hk.ksyh cgw*] ^thouiyVks*] û.kan HkkstkbZ*] ôkjlnkj*] ôMhyksuk okads*] ôj?ksyh* tSls fQYesa Hkh lkeus vkbZaA ;|fi fdlh Hkh rjg dh dgkuh gks ysfdu bl nkSjku cuh fQYeksa dk izn'kZu mYys[kuh; ugha jgk D;ksafd xqtjkrh flusek jaxeap ds izHkko ls ckgj ugha vk ldk FkkA

1947 ls 1950 ds nkSjku rdjhcu 65 fQYeksa dk fuekZ.k gqvkA ^jk.kdnsoh* vkSj ^xq.klqanjh* fQYeksa dh lQyrk ds ckn

jldiwj dh ^v[kaM lkSHkkX;orh*] 1966 esa ^dykih*] 1968 esa xqtjkrh fQYeksa esa yksddFkk vkSj lkekftd dgkfu;ka NkbZaA ysfdu

^yhyqMh /kjrh*] 1969 esa iUukyky iVsy dh dgkuh ij cuh fQYe n'kZd cVksjus esa foQy jghaA 20 o"kZ ds le; esa dsoy 55 fQYesa

^dadq* ds vykok xqtjkrh miU;klksa ij vk/kkfjr ̂ fo/kkrk*] ̂ pwanMh cuh vkSj 1955 rd rks tks fQYesa cuh os ,dne fuLrst FkhA o"kZ

pks[kk*] ^?kjnhoMh*] ûanuou*] ^?kjuh 'kksHkk*] îkusrj*] êkjs tkoqa 1956 esa iUukyky iVsy }kjk xzkeh.k thou dh iVdFkk ij cukbZ

isys ikj*] ̂ cgq:ih*] ̂ lalkjyhyk*] ̂ ftxj* vkSj ̂ veh* tSlh fQYesa xbZa fQYe ̂e.ksyk tho* dks feyh lQyrk ds lkFk dbZ lQy fQYesa

lQy ,oa f'kf{kr vkSj 'kgjh oxZ ds fy, vkd"kZd dk dsanz cuhA vkbZaA 1960 esa ̂ egsanh jax ykX;ks*] 1962 esa tksxhnkl [kqek.k vkSj

1971 ls 1974 ds nkSjku dsoy nks&rhu mYys[kuh; fQYesa ^tsly xq.koar vkpk;Z dh dgkuh ij cuh ̂tho.kks tqxkjh*] 1964 esa eugj

rksjy* vkSj ^ljLorhpanz* ij ls cuh ^xq.klqanjhuks ?kjlalkj* vkSj n'kZd ds miU;kl ds vk/kkj ij cuh fQYe ̂ >sj rks ih/kka tk.kh tk.kh* ;knxkj jghA

1975 esa xqtjkr ljdkj us fQYe m|ksx ds fodkl ds fy, 100 Qhlnh mnkj djeqDr dh ?kks"k.kk dhA bl ?kks"k.kk dk ykHk ysus ds fy, xqtjkrh ,oa fganh fQYe fuekZrkvksa us xqtjkrh fQYeksa dk #[k fd;kA 1975 ls 1980 ds nkSjku ikap o"kZ esa cxSj fdlh eryc dh rdjhcu 170 fQYesa cuhA e/;e oxZ vkSj xzkeh.k n'kZdksa dks vkdf"kZr djus ds fy, ;s fQYesa eq[; :i ls /keZ] yksddFkkvksa vkSj lkekftd dFkkvksa] QkbfVax ij vk/kkfjr FkhA /kkfeZd nsoh&nsorkvksa] HkDr tuksa] lar tuksa] lrh] ;rh] yqVsjksa dh

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yksddFkkvksa vkSj izse dgkfu;ksa dks lkekU; Lrj ds dykdkjksa] xhrdkjksa] laxhrdkjksa ds lkFk lkekU; ls fupys Lrj dh cukbZ xbZA izkS<+ vk;q ds fn[kus okys ghjks&ghjksbZu] v'yhy dksesMh ds lkFk T;knkrj nsoh&nsorkvksa] ywVsjksa] yksduk;dksa] cka/kksa ,oa ufn;ksa ds lkFk lgh&xyr dgkfu;ksa ij cuh bu fQYeksa us xqtjkrh 'kgjh n'kZdksa dks fQYeksa ls nwj dj fn;kA 1978 esa cuh ^folkeks* vkSj ^dk'khuks fndjks* vPNh fQYesa FkhaA o"kZ 1990 ds ckn fQYe m|ksx ds fy, dj eqfä 100 Qhlnh ls ?kVkdj 70 Qhlnh dj nh xbZA 30 Qhlnh dj ls ljdkj us fQYe m|ksx dks izksRlkfgr djus ds fy, fuekZrkvksa dks lgk;rk djuk 'kq: fd;kA ftldh otg ls 1980 ls 1992 ds nkSjku yxHkx 220 fQYeksa dk fuekZ.k gqvk ysfdu

lgh&xyr dFkkvksa dks ysdj ;s fQYesa cuh FkhaA dqN viokn dks mYys[kuh; fQYesa rks eqf'dy ls dqN gh FkhA 1980 esa vkbZ fQYe NksM+ nsa rks fdlh Hkh fuekZrk us lekt ds fy, lkFkZd fQYesa cukus vkSj gjfd'ku esgrk ds miU;kl ij cuh ^tksxlatksx* xqtjkrh dh dksf'k'k ugha dhA fQYeksa esa lcls gVdj vkbZA 1981 esa es/kkoh fnXn'kZd dsru esgrk

o"kZ 1975 esa 12 fQYesa cuha ftuesa ,sfrgkfld dFkk ,oa dh cuh fQYe ̂ Hkouh HkokbZ* xqtjkrh fQYeksa ds bfrgkl esa vej gks laxhr iz/kku fQYe ^rkukjhjh* us n'kZdksa dks [kwc izHkkfor fd;k xbZA 1984 esa Tosjpan es?kk.kh dh dFkk ij cuh fQYe ̂ ek.klkbZuk FkkA 1976 esa 28 fQYesa cuh ftuesa ̂ Mkdqjk.kh xaxk* vius funsZ'ku nhok* viuh vyx <ax dh dgkuh dh otg ls vuks[kh jghA 1989 dh otg ls lQy jgh rks ukV~;dFkk ls ysdj cuh fQYe ^larq esa ^ijlh* vkSj ^gqa gqa'kh gqa'khyky* iz;ksx'khy fQYesa FkhaA xqtjkrh jaxhyh* T;knk ugha pyhA blds ckn 1977 ls 1989 rd cuh <+<sjksa fQYeksa dh iVdFkk ds ys[ku esa vge LFkku j[kus okys ys[kdksa esa fQYesa Lrj ds ekeys esa cdokl jgh vkSj buesa jkl] xjck] prqHkqZt nks"kh] izHkqyky f=kosnh] izQqYy nslkbZ] 'k;nk] izcks/k tks'kh] yksddFkk,a] yksdxhr] nksgs] Hktu vkSj csrqds elkys Bwal&Bwaldj Hkjs panzonu] gjhu esgrk] nso'kadj egsrk] gjfd'ku esgrk] rkjd x,A lkekftd dFkkvksa dks esyksMªkek vkSj /kkfeZd dFkkvksa dks esgrk] thrqHkkbZ esgrk] jes'k esgrk] ewyjkt jktMk mYys[kuh; psgjs va/kJ)k ls Hkjiwj peRdkjksa ls is'k fd;k x;kA /keZdFkkvksa] gSaA xqtjkrh fQYeksa esa xhr laxhr dh ckr dh tk, rks ;g Lohdkj

86


djuk gksxk fd xqtjkrh fQYeksa esa xhr laxhr gkoh jgs ysfdu dkO; ekStwn jgrh gSaA ,d iVdFkk fgV gksrs gh mlh rjg dh fQYeksa dk rRo [kkstus tk,a rks gh fey ik,xkA vkjafHkd nkSj esa ukV~;eap ds <sj yx tkrk gSA ^xksyeky* fgV gks rks ^xksyeky&2* vkSj xhr dfo j?kqukFk czãHkê] izQqYy nslkbZ vkfn dk cksyckyk FkkA ^xksyeky&3* cu tkrh gSA ^xkWMftyk* dh lQyrk ls ^xkWMftyk 1974 ls vfouk'k O;kl us xhrdkj vkSj laxhrdkj dh nksgjh dk eqdkcyk* vkSj ̂ xkWMftyk ,oa jkscksV* tSlh fQYesa cu xbZA fganh Hkwfedk fuHkkbZA gkykafd] ckn dh fQYeksa esa dkO; jl Hkh vk;k fQYeksa esa ,d yo LVksjh fgV gksrh gS rks nwljs nl fuekZrk yo LVksjh ysfdu ,slk yxrk Fkk fd 'kCnksa ds [ksy esa dqN vVd x;k gksA cukus ds fy, eSnku esa vk tkrs gSaA xqtjkrh fuekZrkvksa us Hkh ̂ ns'k js blds vykok fo[;kr yksdxhr] Hktu] xjck vkSj jkl dk Hkh tks;k nknk ijnsl tks;k* dh lQyrk ds ckn nknk vkSj csVh dh xqtjkrh fQYeksa esa Hkjiwj mi;ksx gqvkA blh otg ls dk'khuks dgkuh okyh fQYeksa dh ykbu yxk nhA xqtjkrh esa dsoy /kkfeZd fndjks fQYe ds xhr yksxksa ds fny esa cl x,A fganh fQYeksa ds vkSj yksddFkk okyh fQYesa gh pyrh gSa] bl ekU;rk ls nwj jgdj fo[;kr laxhrdkjksa us Hkh xqtjkrh fQYeksa esa laxhr fn;k ftuesa lkekftd ikfjokfjd fQYesa cuus yxh ysfdu Qksdl rks csVh vkSj dY;k.k th] vkuan th] lh- vtqZu] fp=kxqIr] Lusgy HkkVdj] llqjky vkSj llqjky esa fn, tkus okys nq[k gh jgsA ̂ xkeeka fi;j;qa oujkt HkkfV;k vkfn 'kkfey gSaA xqtjkrh fQYeksa ds 'kq#vkrh nkSj vus xkeeka lklfj;qa*] ̂ rkjks eyd ekjs tksoks Ns* vkfn fQYesa fiV esa jaxHkwfe ds uV&uVfu;ksa us gh eq[; Hkwfedk,a fuHkkbZa ftuesa xbZa vkSj xqtjkrh fQYeksa ds lius dh Qly pkSiV gks xbZAeksguyky] vfynkn] paidyky] xksgjckuq] jktdqekjh] jkuh foiqy 'kkg us ̂ nfj;kNks#* tSlh vkWQchV izsedgkuh ij izseyrk 'kkfey FkhaA blds ckn fganh fQYeksa ds vusd dykdkj fQYe cukbZ] ftldk gjsd Ýse rktxhHkjk FkkA ysfdu ;g fQYe ftuesa eksrhyky] 'kksHkuk leFkZ] yhyk fpVuhl] lksgjkc eksnh] flusek gkWy esa dc yxh vkSj dc mrj xbZ] n'kZdksa dks irk gh ugha vk'kk ikjs[k] uohu fu'py 'kkfey gSa] us Hkh xqtjkrh fQYeksa esa pykA xqtjkrh fQYeksa ds iqu#)kj dh igyh bZaV vk'kh"k dDdM+ us vfHku; fd;kA blh rjg fganh&xqtjkrh nksuksa fQYeksa esa dke djus ^csVj gkWQ* uked fQYe ls j[khA ukSdjh djus okys 'kgjh ;qxy dh okyksa dh tksM+h esa jktsUnz dqekj&Å"kkfdj.k] vk'kk ikjs[k&egs'k leL;kvksa ij vk/kkfjr bl fQYe dks flusek gkWy gh ugha feysA dqekj] latho dqekj&dkfeuh dkS'ky vkfn FksA v#.kk bZjkuh] jhrk vU; ,d mPp Lrj ds fQYedkj fouksn x.kk=kk us ̂ gk#u v#.k*] HkknqM+h] efYydk lkjkHkkbZ] vljkuh vkfn Hkh xqtjkrh fQYeksa esa ^gsMk gwM* vkSj ^yqdkNqih* tSlh LoLFk ,oa LoPN xqtjkrh fQYesa dHkh dHkkj Hkwfedk fuHkkrs jgsA ysfdu 1973 esa misUnz f=kosnh vkSj cukbZ ysfdu mUgsa fjLikal vPNk ugha feykA ̂ gk#u v#.k* fQYe Lusgyrk dh vkbZ tksM+h us ,slk jax tek;k] ftlus Ms<+ ls nks n'kd dks rks vusd varjjk"Vªh; vokWMZ fey pqds gSaA lwjr ds uotoku rd xqtjkrh fQYeksa esa ,dN=k jkt fd;kA misUnz f=kosnh dk 4 fnXn'kZd uSfrd 'kkg us fganh fQYeksa dh 'kSyh ds vk/kkj ij tuojh 2015 dh vk/kh jkr dks fu/ku gqvk] ftlls xqtjkrh fQYeksa vk/kqfud dFkk ds lkFk ̂ pkj* uked fQYe cukbZ] ftls flusek gky us ,d csgrj dykdkj [kks fn;kA xqtjkrh fQYeksa ds cuus dh esa igqapkus esa ilhuk NwV x;kA ̂ lkseukFkuh l[kkrs gehjth xksfgy* la[;k esa 1981 ls 1990 ds nkSjku deh vkbZ vkSj lkFk gh n'kZd Hkh uked tkunkj VsDukykWth okyh xqtjkrh fQYe dks pykus ds fy, ?kVsA 'kgjh oxZ rks xqtjkrh fQYeksa ls nwj gh pyk x;kA misUnz Lo;a funsZ'kd ,oa uk;d dks iz;kl djus iM+sA gkykafd] ̂ dsoh jhrs f=kosnh ds ckn ujs'k duksfM;k us xqtjkrh fQYeksa esa izos'k fd;k tbZ'k* uked xqtjkrh fQYe ykap dj ekjokM+h ;qod funsZ'kd ysfdu mudk vfHku; lk/kkj.k jgkA 1998 esa ^ns'k js tks;k nknk vfHk"ksd tSu us <ksyhoqM dks Åij mBkus dk iz;kl fd;k gSA ;g ijnsl tks;k* uked fQYe tks fVdV f[kM+dh ij lQy jgh] ds lkFk fQYe eYVhIysDl fFk;sVjksa esa dbZ lIrkg rd /kwe epkrh jgh vkSj fgrsu dqekj uked u, vfHkusrk dk flrkjk pedkA fgrsu dh gkmlQqy ds csuj ns[ks x,A vejhdk ds 'kgj f'kdkxks ,oa U;wtlhZ jksek&ek.ksd ds lkFk tksM+h pedhA bl fQYe dh lQyrk ls esa Hkh bl fQYe dh izLrqfr ds iz;kl fd, x,A bl fQYe dh xqtjkrh flusek m|ksx esa fQj ls vk'kk dh fdj.k fn[kkbZ nh vkSj tksjnkj lQyrk dk jgL; tkunkj fnXn'kZu] dlk gqvk laiknu] xqtjkrh lhfj;y Hkh 'kq: gq,A o"kkZ vMkytk dh ̂ ekjs i.k ,d ?kj mPp rduhd] csgrj flusesVksxzkQh ,oa laxhr dh vk/kqfudrk dk gks;* ls ^eksrhuk pksd js liukeka nhBka* lhfj;y cukA 'kSys"k laxe FkkA vU; fuekZrk&funsZ'kd ;fn blh rjg ds csgrj iz;kl djsa iztkifr us ̂ fndjh ogkyuks nfj;ks* cuk;kA rks xqtjkrh fQYeksa dk Lo.kZ;qx ykSV ldrk gSA

¼ysf[kdk lkSjk"Vª fo'ofo|ky;] jktdksV esa i=kdkfjrk foHkkxk/;{k gSaA½fQYe m|ksx dksbZ Hkh gks mlesa dbZ :<+hxzLr ekU;rk,a

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iqLrd leh{kkleh{kd% vfuy pefM+;k

Hkhejko vkEcsMdj ds ckn ek- dka'khjke ds usr`Ro esa tc cgqtu vkanksyu mÙkj Hkkjr ds bykdksa esa QSyk rc muls

Hkh eq[; /kkjk ds ehfM;k ds ckjs esa ogha vuqHko lquus dks feys tks Mk- vkEcsMdj ds FksA dka'khjke Hkh tc cgqtuksa dks ,d eap ij laxfBr djus ds fy, ns'k Hkj esa ?kwe jgs Fks rc viuh lHkkvksa esa os dgrs Fks fd ns'k esa iwjh lekpkj lsok dh O;oLFkk czkã.kksa&cfu;ksa ds gkFkksa esa gS tks fd muds tSls yksxksa o vkanksyuksa ds lekpkj ugha nsrs gSaA

ckelsQ dks cukus vkSj mls QSykus ds nkSjku muds Hkk"k.kksa dk ,d eq[; fo"k; ehfM;k gh gksrk FkkA cdkSy dka'khjke laxBd ds vadksa esa Nirs jgrs FksA ^os ges'kk CySd vkmV vkSj CySd esy dh uhfr viukrs gSaA os gekjk Hkk"k.kksa ds bl ladyu dk egRoiw.kZ fgLlk cgqtu dksbZ Hkh lekpkj ugha Nki ldrsA gekjk nwljk jk"Vªh; vf/kos'ku laxBd dh t:jr ij muds cksys o fy[ks x, oäO; ls 'kq: gksrk ikap fnuksa rd fnYyh esa pyk vkSj fdlh Hkh lekpkj i=k esa ,d Hkh gSA 24 uocaj 1980 dks dka'khjke cgqtu leqnk; dks nSfud iafä ugha NihA* mudh bDdh nqDdh xfrfof/k;ksa dh tkudkjh lekpkj lsok ds egRo ds ckjs esa bl izdkj tkudkjh nsrs gSa& ßnSfud ^eq[;/kkjk ds ehfM;k* ls feyrh jgh rks ;g Hkh mUgsa gSjku djus lekpkj i=k jkst Nirs gSa vkSj muesa Nis vusd lekpkj ge i<+rs gSa okyh ?kVuk yxrh FkhA ,slh ,d&nks ?kVukvksa dh mUgksaus vius vkSj mlls jkst c jkst gekjs n`f"Vdks.k esa varj vkrk gSA bl lR; Hkk"k.kksa esa ppkZ Hkh dh gSA dks Hkkjr ds 'kkld oxZ vFkok tkfr;ksa us

2006 esa 9 vDVwcj dks fczfV'kdky ds izkjEHk esa gh tku fy;k Fkk dka'khjke ds ifjfuokZ.k ds ckn mUgsa lPps vkSj ckn esa pydj mUgksus nSfud lekpkj fny ls pkgus okys Mk- vkEcsMdj ds lsok ij /khjs /khjs ,slk fu;a=k.k dj fy;k laiw.kZ lkfgR; dh rjg muds cksys vkSj fd os bl {ks=k ds losZlokZ cu x,A mudh fy[ks dks ladfyr djus dh dksf'k'k esa blh uhfr us ;gka dh nfyr tkfr;ksa ds yxs gSaA blh dM+h esa ,-vkj- vdsyk us lkeus cgqr lh dfBukb;ka [kM+h dhaA* csgn dka'khjke ds lk{kkRdkj vkSj n vkizsLM NksVs ysfdu dls gq, bl uhfr oäO; esa bf.M;u esa izdkf'kr laikndh; ds dka'khjke vkg~oku djrs gSa& ^tks yksx bl ladyu ds ckn dka'khjke lkgc ds ckr ls nq[kh gSa fd fo'ks"kkf/kdkj lEiUu ,sfrgkfld Hkk"k.kksa dk ladyu rS;kj oxZ dk izHkko Hkkjr esa clus okys nfyrksa fd;k gS] ftls dbZ [k.Mksa esa izdkf'kr djus dh ;kstuk gSA dka'khjke rFkk 'kksf"krksa ij xyr <ax ls gks jgk gS] mls lgh djus ds fy, mUgsa ds ;s Hkk"k.k bl ukrs egRoiw.kZ gSa fd os cgqtuksa dk ,d fo'kky dqN dne mBkus gksaxsA mudh nSfud lekpkj lsok dh xyr laxBu cukus dh izfØ;k esa fn, x, gSaA ehfM;k ds ckjs esa Hkh muds O;oLFkk dks rksM+uk gksxkA* vius bl izdk'ku dks 'kq: djus ls igys vuqHko vkSj ;kstuk nksuksa gh muds Hkk"k.kksa esa ckj&ckj vkrs gSaA os bl rF; ls okfdQ Fks fd cgqtu lekt ds izdk'ku ,d nks vadksa fgUnh lkIrkfgd ̂ cgqtu laxBd* ds vad cgqtu vkanksyu ds fy, ds ckn ugha fudy ikrs gSaA os [kqn vius Hkk"k.kksa esa Hkh dgrs Fks fd lokZf/kd egRoiw.kZ frfFk 14 vizSy 1980 ls fudyuk 'kq: gqvk muds lekt ds yksxksa us ,d gtkj izdk'ku 'kq: fd, ysfdu igys vkSj blds laiknd [kqn dka'khjke gq,A muds Hkk"k.k ds va'k cgqtu vad ds ckn mudk ftank jguk laHko ugha gks ldkA fygktk

eq[;/kkjk dh ehfM;k ds ckjs esa dka'khjke ds [;kykrMkW-

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izdk'ku ds egRo vkSj mls cjdjkj j[kus dh pqukSrh dks yksxksa ds chp vdlj is'k djrs FksA

Hkk"k.k ds ladyu ds v/;;u ds nkSjku ;g eglwl fd;k tk ldrk gS fd dka'khjke vius 'kq: ds fnuksa esa vkanksyu ds rjhds fodflr djus] lalk/ku tqVkus vkSj yksxksa dks izsfjr djus vkSj cgqtu ehfM;k dh t:jrksa dks ,d lkFk ckj&ckj D;ksa mBkrs gSaA os ns'k ds fofHkUu fgLlksa esa pyrs fQjrs vkEcsMdj esys ds tfj;s ckck lkgsc Hkhejko vkEcsMdj ls vatku lekt ds fgLlksa dks ifjfpr djkrs gSaA bl rjg ds esys gh muds fy, tulapkj ds ek/;e FksA dka'khjke tulapkj ds ek/;eksa ds ckjs esa ;g lkQ&rkSj ij le>rs Fks fd vius lekt ds fy, lcls T;knk izHkko'kkyh vkSj izsjd dSls ek/;e gks ldrs gSaA ftl le; os ckelsQ ds tfj;s vkanksyu dh tehu rS;kj dj jgs Fks] rc cdkSy dka'khjke ml le; nfyr lekt ds rhl izfr'kr yksx ckck lkgsc Mk- Hkhejko vkEcsMdj dks tkurs ugha FksA ckck lkgsc dks tuokuk] okLro esa lekt ds ml fgLls dks jktuhfrd psruk o lkekftd ifjorZu dh lcls lfØ; rkdr ds :i esa rCnhy djuk FkkA os cgqtu lekt ds eukscy dks yk[k ls T;knk gks xbZ gSA bl rjg os ;g crkrs gaS fd vkanksyu ds bl rjg ds okD;ksa ls rkdroj cukrs FksA elyu 1991 esa ckck fy, fdlh rjg ds lalk/ku dh deh eglwl djuk dsoy vius lkgsc ds lkSosa tUefnu ls ns'k ds fofHkUu LFkkuksa ls fofHkUu fnekx dh detksjh gSA dqy chl yk[k f'kf{kr deZpkjh gks x, gSaA Hkk"kkvksa ds ipiu nSfud lekpkj i=k fudkys tk,axs vkSj lkS ls Lukrd ikl yksxksa dh la[;k ikap yk[k gks xbZ gSAvf/kd fofHkUu fo"k;ksa ls lacaf/kr if=kdk,a fudyus yxsaxhA xjhc izdk'ku ds egRo dks bl rjg ls Hkh le>k tk ldrk gS gh bl ns'k dk ekfyd gS] mls viuh nhokjksa ij fy[k ysuk pkfgs, fd fd Hkk"k.k dk ;g ladyu blhfy, rS;kj gks ldk D;ksafd fd eSa gh bl ns'k dk ekfyd gwaA dka'khjke ds lkFk vkanksyu esa lfØ; jgus okyksa esa ,-ds- ekS;kZ o

xkSjryc gS fd cgqtu lekt ikVhZ ds xBu dk ,d yack dqanu yky tSls lefiZr dk;ZdrkZvksa us cgqtu laxBd ds vadksa dks nkSj pyk gSA ljdkjh n¶rjksa esa dke djus okys deZpkfj;ksa o laHkky dj j[kk FkkA mldk ykHk ,-vkj- vdsyk dks feyk] ftudh vf/kdkfj;ksa dks mUgksaus igys vius eq[; vk/kkj ds :i esa fodflr dM+h esgur ds ckn gh dka'khjke ds usr`Ro okys vkanksyu ds fd;kA ckelsQ dk xBu rks os deZpkfj;ksa o vf/kdkfj;ksa ds chp 'kq#vkrh fnuksa ds egRoiw.kZ lkfgR; miyC/k gks x,A dka'khjke ds dj jgs Fks ysfdu mlds lans'kksa ls cgqtu lekt dks rkdroj cuk bl lans'k us cgqtu lekt ds ,d fgLls dks vius lkfgR; dks jgs FksA nwljh egRoiw.kZ ckr gS fd os vius Hkk"k.kksa esa nfyr fojks/kh laHkky dj j[kus ds fy, laHkor lcls T;knk izsfjr fd;k fd gesa vR;kpkj ij cksyrs fcYdqy ugha fn[krs gSaA vR;kpkj vkSj mRihM+u nwljksa ds izdk'kuksa ij vk/kkfjr ugha jguk gSA ladyu dh Hkwfedk esa dh ?kVukvksa dks os ugha fxukrs gSaA níw izlkn fy[krs gS fd ß5 vizSy 1982 rd ds cgqtu laxBd ds

lekt ds chp lans'k Hkstuk ,d cM+h jktuhfrd dyk vadkas esa dka'khjke ds izdkf'kr Hkk"k.kksa dks fcuk fdlh O;k[;k ds gksrh gSA fdl rjg ds lans'kksa ls lekt dks izsfjr vkSj foijhr T;ksa dk R;ksa izdk'ku cgqtu vkanksyu ds Hkfo"; ds fy, csgn fopkjksa ds yksxksa dks ijkftr fd;k tk ldrk gS] ;g csgn lw{e egRoiw.kZ lkfgR; gSA bl rjg ds egRoiw.kZ dk;Z ds fy, dksbZ rjhds ls fuHkkbZ tkus okyh ftEesnkjh gksrh gSA os eq[;/kkjk ds /kuoku lkeus ugha vk;k cfYd dka'khjke dks fopkj/kkjk le>us ehfM;k ds fcuk vius Jksrkvksa dks dsoy [kqn dks rkdroj le>us okys lefiZr dk;ZdrkZ gh csgn vkfFkZd dfBukbZ vkSj vlg;ksx dh ds fy, izsfjr djrs jgsA os vius l/ks&l/kk, okD;ksa dks eapksa ls bl Hkkoukvksa ds foijhr bl ftEesnkjh dks iwjk dj jgs gSaAÞ

¼leh{kd ns'k ds iz[;kr i=kdkj ,oa LraHkdkj gSaA½rjg crkrs gSa fd vaxzstksa ds tkus ds oä ns'k esa izFke vkSj f}rh; Js.kh ds vf/kdkfj;ksa dh la[;k egt ,d ntZu Fkh tks vkt nks

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iqLrd leh{kkleh{kd% jatuk fo"V

fj"B i=kdkj jkecgknqj jk; }kjk lEikfnr iqLrd ^dkyh [kcjksa dh dgkuh* ehfM;k dh /kwfey gksrh Nfo o mlds

cnys gq, pfj=k dks mtkxj djrh gSA fdl izdkj cktkjhdj.k us ehfM;k dks fe'ku dh txg ,d izksMDV cuk fn;k gSA vc bldh Nfo igys dh rjg oLrqfu"B] rF;kRed larqfyr o fu"i{k ugha jgh] bl ckr dks ysdj bl iqLrd esa fpUrk tkfgj dh x;h gSA lkFk gh mu reke ifjfLFkfr;ksa] ifjn`';ksa o dkj.kksa dks mtkxj fd;k x;k gS] ftlds dkj.k i=kdkfjrk dk iru gqvk gSA isM U;wt dh leL;k ls futkr ikus dh fn'kk esa mBk, x, dne o ftu laLFkkvksa us bldh igy dh gS muds iz;kl o bl jkg esa vkus okyh vM+puksa dk Hkh [kqyklk fd;k gSA

vkt lekpkj i=kksa esa fe'ku nwj&nwj rd fn[kkbZ ugha nsrkA tu ljksdkj ds eqís ,d fljs ls xk;c gks pqds gaSA [kcjksa dh txg foKkiuksa us ys yh gSA ̂ isM U;wt* dk flyflyk ̂ ehfM;kusV* o ^izkbosV VªhVht* ds :i esa gkoh gksrk tk jgk gSA Hkqxrku'kqnk [kcjksa ds c<+rs pyu ds dkj.k ehfM;k viuh fo'oluh;rk [kksrk tk jgk gSA ehfM;k dk xSj ftEesnkjkuk joS;k ns'k ds yksdra=k ds fy, ,d cgqr cM+k ladV cu x;kA Hkqxrku'kqnk [kcjksa ds dkj.k laikndh; laLFkk u"V gqbZ gS vkSj lkFk gh i=kdkfjrk ds Lrj esa Hkh fxjkoV vkbZ gSA uo iwathokn o cktkj ds foLrkj ds lkFk gh i=kdkfjrk ls fe'ku xk;c gks x;k gS ;g dkikZsjsV ?kjkuksa o jktuhfrKksa o ,d oxZ fo'ks"k dk fgek;rh utj vk jgk gSA vkt ehfM;k dk uSfrd iru pje ij gSA ml ns'k dk D;k gksxk tgka ehfM;k gh viuh ftEesnkjh ls eqag eksM+ ysA

ehfM;k fofHkUu jktuhfrd] vkfFkZd o lkekftd eqíksa ij Hkqxrku'kqnk [kcjksa ds izdk'ku o izlkj.k ds dkj.k ehfM;k dh lk[k lwpuk o fo'ys"k.k ds tfj;s tu Hkkxhnkjh ds Lrj dks c<+kus esa enn ij Hkh cqjk izHkko iM+rk gSA mldh fo'oluh;rk Hkh [kks tkrh gSA djrk gSA pquko ds nkSjku ehfM;k fu.kkZ;d Hkwfedk vnk djrk gSA ;g ckr tx tkfgj gS fd ehfM;k lekt dh n'kk o fn'kk cnyus esa tuer fuekZ.k esa ;g fo'ks"k :i ls lgk;d gksrk gSA mEehnokjksa ds egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk vnk djrk gS exj tc ogh iFkHkz"V gks tk, rks lEcU/k esa fu"i{k tkudkjh nsuk] ehfM;k dk dke gksrk gSA blh ns'k dky o ifjfLFkfr;ksa dks dkSu laHkkysxk\ ;fn U;k;ikfydk] vk/kkj ij turk viuk eqf[k;k pqurh gSA exj pquko ds nkSjku dk;Zikfydk o ljdkj dh xfrfof/k;ksa ij utj ugha j[kh x;h vkSj tc ;gh v[kckj rq"Vhdj.k dh uhfr dks viuk ysrs gSa vkSj iSls dh [kcjksa esa ikjnf'kZrk o lR;rk ugha jgh rks fuf'pr gh Hkkjr tSlk ,ost esa [kcjksa dh txg foKkiu Nkius yxrs gSa rks ;g fuf'pr gh fodkl'khy ns'k ladV esa vk tk,xkA lekt o yksdra=k dh tMs+ turk ds lkFk fo'okl?kkr gSA ;g mUgsa xqejkg djus dh ,d detksj o [kks[kyh gks tk,axhA vkfFkZd] lkekftd o jktuhfrd lkft'k gSA ,sls esa u dsoy yksdra=k dks gkfu igqaprh gS cfYd

isM U;wt] i=kdkfjrk o yksdra=k ds fy, pqukSrho iqLrd % dkyh [kcjksa dh dgkuh

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{ks=k esa Hkz"Vkpkj c<+rk tk,xkA fLFkfr fu;a=k.k ls ckgj pyh tk,xhA

ofj"B i=kdkj e`.kky ikaMs dk dguk gS fd ßns'k ds Hkk"kkbZ v[kckj HkkSfrd xjhch ls NqVdkjk ikdj Hkys gh vius dks rhl ekj [kka le> jgs gksa] ysfdu mUgsa vHkh ;g lh[kuk gS fd is'ksoj xjhch] uSfrd xjhch ls dSls yM+k tkrk gSAÞ

bl lEcU/k esa Jh lkbZukFk us dgk fd ßHkqxrku'kqnk [kcj ,d laxfBr ̂ m|ksx* cu x;h gS ;g m|ksx dkWiksZjsV fu;af=kr gS vkSj ns'k ds dqN lcls cMs+ ehfM;k lewgksa ds laj{k.k vkSj Hkkxhnkjh esa dke djrk gSA bl m|ksx esa i=kdkjksa dk dksbZ egRo ugha gS D;ksafd ^[kcj* ds :i esa tks dqN izdkf'kr fd;k tkrk gS] og fjiksVZjksa vkSj i=kdkjksa dk Lora=k :i ls fy[kk ugha gksrkAÞ

;g fuokZpu dkuwu dk mYya?ku gS vkSj blls dkys /ku ds bLrseky ehfM;k laLFkku ,d vksj yksdra=k ds pkSFks LraHk ds :i esa dks c<+kok feyrk gSA bl rjg pquko dh yksdrkaf=kd izfØ;k dks tkus tkrs gSa ogha nwljh vksj mudk ,d O;kolkf;d i{k Hkh gS ftls detksj cuk;k tkrk gSAÞle>uk Hkh vko';d gSA turk ds fy, mudh tokcnsgh ml oDr

Hkqxrku'kqnk [kcjsa izsl dh Lora=krk ds fy, rks ?kkrd gSa izHkkfor gksrh gS tc os vf/kdre ykHk vftZr djus ds fy, lÙkk gh] ;g ns'k ds lalnh; yksdra=k dks Hkh izHkkfor djrh gaSA lhrkjke vkSj vFkkWfjVh ds i{k esa foKkiu Nkius yxrs gSaA pquko ds nkSjku ;spqjhs ds vuqlkj ßgekjh yksdrkaf=kd iz.kkyh dh etcwrh turk dks [kcjsa ek=k ,d izksisxsUMk lkexzh cudj jg tkrh gSaAiznÙk izHkqlÙkk ds vuqYya?kuh; fl)kUr ij fuHkZj gSA turk ds vka/kzizns'k Jethoh i=kdkj la?k i=kdkjksa dk igyk ,slk izfrfuf/k fo/kk;h laLFkkvksa ds tfj, ljdkj ;k dk;Zikfydk ij la?k gS ftlus Hkqxrku'kqnk [kcjksa dks isM U;wt dh laKk nh vkSj fuxjkuh j[krs gSa vkSj bl izdkj mls turk ds izfr tokcnsg cukrs blds f[kykQ 9 Qjojh 2010 esa Hkkjrh; izsl ifj"kn dks Kkiu gaSA ;g ,d ,slk eqík gS tks u dsoy ehfM;k ;k pkSFks LraHk dks Hkstk] ftlesa ;g crk;k x;k ßHkqxrku'kqnk [kcjksa dh 'kq#vkr izHkkfor djrk gS] cfYd gekjs ns'k esa lalnh; yksdra=k ds Hkfo"; 2004 ds vke pqukoksa ds nkSjku gqbZA ml le; vka/kzizns'k o xqtjkr dks Hkh izHkkfor djrk gSA ehfM;k dk dke fu"i{k] 'kq) vkSj ds dqN fgLlksa esa dLcksa vkSj ftyk eq[;ky;ksa ls izdkf'kr NksVs o oLrqijd [kcj o lwpuk nsuk gSA ysfdu Hkqxrku'kqnk [kcjksa ds LFkkuh; v[kckjksa us laxfBr rjhds ls bldk pyu 'kq: fd;kA bu pyu ls ehfM;k ds bl dke ij vlj iM+ jgk gSAÞNksVs v[kckjksa ds ekfyd o laikndksa us pquko ls igys izeq[k ikfVZ;ksa

MkW- Jh/kj ds vuqlkj iSls nsdj [kcjsa izdkf'kr djuk ds LFkkuh; usrkvksa ;k mEehnokjksa ls le>kSrk fd;k vkSj iSls ysdj pquko dk vijk/khdj.k gSA ß;g egt ehfM;k dh uSfrdrk dk mudh izksisxSaMk lkexzh [kcj ds :i esa Nkiuk 'kq: dj nhAÞ la?k dk mYya?ku ;k vuqfpr d`R; ugha gS vkSj uk gh dsoy Hkkjrh; izsl dguk gS fd ßHkqxrku'kqnk [kcjksa dks izdkf'kr djuk vuSfrd vkSj ifj"kn ds fy, fpUrk dk fo"k; gSA ;g yksdra=k ds f[kykQ vijk/k xSj is'ksojkuk dke gSA ;g ikBdksa dks xqejkg djuk gSA-----ftuds gS tks dkuwu ds rgr naMuh; gSA ;g flaMªkse dsoy Hkkjrh; izsl ikl iSlk o rkdr gS os ifCyflVh ikrs gSaA dHkh&dHkh tks yksx ifj"kn ds fy, fpUrk dh ckr ugha gS] cfYd Hkkjr ds fuokZpu Hkqxrku ugha djrs gSa] muds f[kykQ fuxsfVo fjiksfVZax 'kq: dj nh vk;ksx ds fy, xEHkhj pqukSrh gSA ftldk ,d ek=k y{; Lora=k o tkrh gSA--- ;g pquko eas lHkh mEehnokjksa ds lkFk leku O;ogkj fu"i{k pquko djkuk gS-----Þdjus ds fl)kar ds f[kykQ gSA blds vfrfjDr] mEehnokjksa dks bl

isM U;wt dk izdj.k 2004 ds pquko ls 'kq: gqvk exj rjg dk [kpZ vius pquko [kpZ esa fn[kkus dh t:jr ugha iM+rhA 2009 ds yksdlHkk pquko ds nkSjku T;knkrj v[kckj [kcjsa Nkius

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ds ,ot esa jktusrkvksa ls [kklh eksVh jde izkIr dj jgs FksA ;gka [krjk gksxkAß] ̂ lcwr tqVkuk csgn dfBu % Bkdqjrk* ijkatk; xqgk rd fd ftUgksaus iSlk nsus ls bUdkj fd;k mudh fuxsfVo [kcjsa Bkdqjrk ls dh x;h ckrphr ds dqN va'k Hkh blesa fn, x;s gSa] NkihA bu fLFkfr;ksa ij fu;a=k.k gsrq ,MhVj fxYM us tgka ,d vksj ftlls lkQ tkfgj gksrk gS fd isM U;wt ds pyrs fo'oluh;rk gh ,sfFkDl desVh cukbZ ogha izsl ifj"kn us Hkh bu ekeyksa dh iM+rky ugha iwjh yksdrkaf=kd O;oLFkk ij bldk izHkko iMs+xkA ds fy, milfefr xfBr dhA ;fn ehfM;k iSls ysdj [kcjsa x<+rh îsM U;wt dks ysdj laLFkkvksa ls mEehn* bl ys[k ds tfj, jgh rks mlds fu;a=k.k ds fy, ljdkj dks dksbZ Bksl dne mBkuk vfuy pefM+;k us O;oLFkkxr xM+cfM;ksa dh vksj ladsr fd;k gSA iM+sxkA ;fn ehfM;k us Lo;a dks le; jgrs fu;af=kr ugha fd;k rks mudk dguk gS fd ̂ fdlh Hkh O;oLFkk esa fdlh Hkh laLFkk dh ,d fuf'pr gh izsl dh Lok;rrk ds fy, [krjk gks ldrk gSA bl laca/k lhek gksrh gSA mDr laLFkk ls fdlh Hkh O;oLFkkxr xM+cM+h ds lq/kkj esa jktnhi ljnslkbZ dk dguk gS fd ßvxj ns'k ds lHkh lEiknd dh mEehn rHkh rd dh tk ldrh gS tc dksbZ ekewyh xM+cM+h gksA ,d vkpkj lafgrk dk ikyu djus dks rS;kj gks tk;sa vkSj foKkiu ;fn xM+cM+h O;oLFkk ls tqM+h gks rks laLFkk,a D;k djsaxhA lalnh; dks foKkiu crk;sa rks bl ckr dh iwjh laHkkouk gS fd isM U;wt ls yksdra=k esa ,d <k¡pk nwljs <k¡ps ij viuh cyk Vkydj dke pyk futkr fey tk,A [kcfj;k laLFkkuksa dks ;g le>uk gksxk fd isM jgk gSA laLFkkvksa ds detksj gksus dh igpku blls c<+dj D;k gks U;wt ls mudh laLFkk dh lk[k dks uqdlku igqapk;sxkA ;g laLFkkuksa ldrh gSA ̂ ijkatkW; xqgk Bkdqjrk us 'ks[kj ls ckrphr ds nkSjku ;g dh ftEesnkjh gS fd tks vkpkj lafgrk dk ikyu ugha djsa ml ij crk;k fd tkap fjiksVZ ehy dk iRFkj gSA jkT;lHkk esa tc isM U;wt lkoZtfud eapksa ds tfj;s bldk ikyu djus ds fy, ncko cuk;k ds elys ij cgl gqbZ rks lHkh jktuhfrd ny ,d lkFk [kMs+ utj tk,AÞ izHkk"k tks'kh }kjk fy[ks x;s ys[k ̂dkys iSls dh dkyh [kcjsa*] vk,A blls lkQ gS fd os Hkh isM U;wt dh chekjh ls isj'kku gSaA ij û ek;k esa u jke esa* esa Hkh Hkqxrku'kqnk [kcjksa ds c<+rs pyu dks usrkvksa ds eu esa ,d vyx rjg dk Hk; cSBk gqvk gSA usrk ehfM;k ysdj ehfM;k dh rh[kh vkykspuk dh x;h gSA mUgksaus dgk gS fd laLFkkuksa dks ukjkt ugha djuk pkgrs gSaA isM U;wt dh chekjh dks ßv[kckj eky gks x;s] [kcjsa lfCt;ksa dh rjg fcdus yxhaA lekIr djus ds fy, yksxksa esa tkx:drk dk izlkj csgn t:jh gSA i=kdkfjrk ePNh cktkj o nyky LVªhV dgykus yxhAÞ mUgksaus izsl ifj"kn dh etcwjh dh vksj Hkh b'kkjk fd;k gS] ̂ vxj

îsM U;wt ls njdrh ehfM;k dh fo'oluh;rk* esa fgeka'kq izsl ifj"kn fjiksVZ dks Lohdkj dj Hkh ys rks Hkh lp ;gh gS fd mlds 'ks[kj us mu reke i=k&if=kdkvksa dk ftØ fd;k gS ftUgksaus isM ikl naM nsus dk vf/kdkj ugha gSA ifj"kn v[kckjh laLFkkvksa dks U;wt ds ckjs esa fy[kkA mUgkasus jktnhi ljnslkbZ] ch-th-oxhZl dh fo'oluh;rk dk okLrk ns ldrh gS] ysfdu pkgdj Hkh v[kckj ds ckrksa dk Hkh mYys[k fd;k gSA ch-th- oxhZl dgrs gSa ßtc ehfM;k f[kykQ dksbZ dne ugha mBk ldrhA* ih-lkbZukFk us vius ys[k laLFkku iSls ysdj [kcjsa Nkius yxsaxs rks i=kdkfjrk dh cqfu;knh 'krZ ^fjiksVZ fufgr LokFkZ dk ?k`f.kr uewuk* esa bl ckr ij vQlksl ^fu"i{krk* dks cpk;s ugha j[kk tk ldrkA fQygky yksxksa dks ;g tkfgj fd;k gS fd ̂ Hkkjrh; izsl ifj"kn us isM U;wt dh pqukSfr;ksa ds ekywe ugha gS fd tks [kcj os i<+ jgs gSa] mls iSls ysdj Nkik x;k gSA vkxs ?kqVus Vsd fn,A mlus 30 tqykbZ dks viuh gh milfefr dh ftl fnu mUgsa ;g irk pysxk] ml fnu ls mudk Nis gq, 'kCnksa ij fjiksVZ dks njfdukj djus dk QSlyk dj fd;k ftlesa ̂ isM U;wt* esa ls fo'okl mB tk;sxkAÞ bl lanHkZ esa eukst feêk dgrs gS fd ßiSls 'kkfey yksxksa ds uke fy, x, FksA* ysdj [kcjsa Nkius ls i=kdkfjrk dh fo'oluh;rk dks /kDdk igqap ;g iqLrd tkudkjh dh n`f"V ls vR;ar mi;ksxh gSA blls jgk gSA ,slk djus ls ehfM;k laLFkkuksa dks rkRdkfyd rkSj ij dqN isM U;wt dh leL;k dks o bldh jkg esa ekStwn pqukSfr;ksa dks Hkh ge vkfFkZd ykHk rks gks ldrk gS ysfdu nh?kZdkfyd rkSj ij ns[ksa rks le> ldsaxsA izsl ifj"kn o pquko vk;ksx tSlh laLFkkvksa dh blls Hkkjh uqdlku gksxkA vxj iSls ysdj [kcj Nkiuk [kqn ehfM;k foo'krk o vllQy gksus ds reke dkj.k Hkh Kkr gksa ldsaxsA can ugha djsxh rks ;g ,d rjg ls ehfM;k ds fu;a=k.k ds fy, rhljs izsl vk;ksx ds xBu dh ekax ds ihNs ds dkj.kksa dh Hkh ljdkj dks vkeaf=kr djus tSlk gksxkA bl vk/kkj ij ljdkj tkudkjh izkIr gksrh gSA ;g iqLrd i=kdkfjrk esa Hkz"Vkpkj dh ehfM;k ij udsy dlus dh dok;n djrh gS rks turk Hkh ehfM;k dgkuh dks mtkxj djrh gSA ;g iqLrd egRoiw.kZ gksus ds lkFk&lkFk dk lkFk ugha nsxhA vxj ljdkj ehfM;k ij fu;a=k.k ds fy, dksbZ ehfM;k esa gks jgs Hkz"Vkpkj ds f[kykQ ,d eqfge gS vkSj bls t:j ra=k fodflr djsxh rks ;g ehfM;k dh Lok;Ùkrk ds fy, cgqr cM+k i<+k tkuk pkfg,A q

92


iqLrd leh{kkleh{kd& lbZn valkjh

y 2014 ds vke pquko vkSj eksnh ;g nks eq[; fcUnq vkSj gj fcUnq ls tqM+h vusdkusd 'kadk,a vkSj muds lek/kku lHkh dqN lekfo"V gSa ̂ eksnh live* esaA ns'k dh Lok/khurk ls

ysdj 2014 rd ds pqukoksa rd ds izR;sd ?kVukØe] rRdkyhu jktuhfr] jktuSfrd nyksa dh dk;Ziz.kkyh lHkh dks c[kwch mHkkjk gS lat; f}osnh us iqLrd ̂ eksnh live* esaA tuuk;d ls tu&ekul dh vis{kk,a] 2014 ds pquko] uk;d dk pqacdh; O;fäRo] mldh dk;Z'kSyh] turk dh tkx:drk] djoV ysrh jktuhfr vkSj yksdra=k dh 'kfä lHkh dqN vfr jkspd vkSj izHkko'kkyh <ax ls vfHkO;ä fd;k x;k gS ̂ eksnh live* esaA eksnh vuk;kl gh turk ds

fo'okl iSnk djus ls fot; feyrh gSA lalnh; yksdra=k dks Hkh uk;d ugha cus cfYd ?kVukØe ls lat; f}osnh us ;g fl) fd;k ys[kd lat; f}osnh us c[kwch ifjHkkf"kr fd;k gSA iafMr usg: ds gSA gj ?kVukØe ij lat; dh iSuh utj jgh gSA le; tgka fojks/k e;kZfnr Fkk] ogha vkt jktuSfrd fojks/k dks turk ds lkFk lh/kk tqM+ko vkSj muds eu esa mEehnksa ds vkykspuk ekudj laln esa ve;kZfnr O;ogkj ns[kus dks feyrk gSA iwjk gksus dk fo'okl txkuk vklku ugha gksrkA ys[kd us Li"V ys[kd lat; f}osnh us yksdra=k dh 'kfä dks Hkh mtkxj fd;k gS fd fd;k gS eksnh ds mnkgj.k ls fd tura=k esa ;fn uk;d dh turk ds vusd jktuSfrd nyksa ds ckotwn Hkh ge lQy gSa vkSj tu&tu dh lkFk laoknghurk gS rks lÙkk iyVrs nsj ugha yxrhA eksnh turk ls vkokt dks njfdukj ugha fd;k tk ldrkA lat; us ôk.kh vkSj fujarj tqM+s jgs vkSj ;gh tqM+ko mUgsa fot;h cuk x;kA eksnh dk deZ* esa ,drk ij fo'ks"k tksj nsus dh ckr dh gS] D;ksafd blh ls dfj'ekbZ O;fäRo vkSj lapkj ek/;eksa dk lgh bLrseky ;gh i;kZIr turk ds eu esa fo'okl iSnk gksrk gSA ehfM;k dh lgHkkfxrk dks ugha Fkk] eksnh dks egkuk;d cukus ds fy,A eksnh ds lkFk dsoy ys[kd us fo'ks"k egRo fn;k gSA ys[kd ds vuqlkj vkt dk le; lius ugha Fks cfYd mUgsa lkdkj djus ds fy, n`<+ ladYi Fks vkSj okLro esa ehfM;ke; le; gSA ehfM;k dh gh cnkSyr ge vkt gj lqfu;ksftr dk;Z'kSyh HkhA lat; f}osnh us chtsih] la?k vkSj eksnh jktuhfrK dks tkurs vkSj igpkurs gSaA 2014 dk pquko vxj ij fo'ks"k n`f"V j[kh gSA dksbZ Hkh ?kVukØe lat; dh idM+ ls ,sfrgkfld Fkk rks ehfM;k dh gh cnkSyrA eksnh us Hkh vius ,d vNwrk ugha jgk gSA dkaxzsl dh foQyrk vkSj ml foQyrk ds lk{kkRdkj esa ;g Li"V fd;k gS] ^;fn lks'ky ehfM;k uk gksrk rks dkj.kksa ij Hkh csckd fVIi.kh dh gS lat; usA la?k vkSj chtsih dk vke vkneh dh fØ,VhfoVh dk irk ugha pyrkA* pquko vfHk;ku tqM+ko vkSj la?k ds gh }kjk ujsanz eksnh dks uk;d ds :i esa izLrqr ds izR;sd ?kVukØe ij lat; f}osnh dh iSuh utj jgh gSA ,d djuk vuk;l ugha cfYd cM+h dq'kyrk ls lat; us ;g n'kkZ;k gS tkx:d vkSj ftUnkfny i=kdkj cudj lat; lkeus vk, gSaA fd uk;d ogh gksrk gS ftlds ikl nwjnf'kZrk gksrh gS vkSj tu&tu êksnh live* fdrkc vius vki esa laiw.kZ gS] dksbZ Hkh ?kVukØe vkSj dh leL;kvksa ds lek/kku HkhA ;gh dkj.k Fkk fd chtsih dh jktuSfrd foe'kZ lat; dh n`f"V ls cp ugha ik;k gSA fo'okl gS fd ,sfrgkfld thr] chtsih dh ugha cfYd eksnh ds uke ij iw.kZ cgqer lat; f}osnh dh iqLrd ̂ eksnh live* uk dsoy izR;sd ikBd ds eu ls ljdkj cuh] D;ksafd yhd ls gVdj u;k vkSj lkFkZd dj fn[kkus dks >d>ksjsxh cfYd mUgsa liuksa dks lkdkj djus ds fy, ,d ubZ dk eksnh esa gkSlyk gSA ys[kd lat; f}osnh us ns'k ds foHkktu ls fn'kk nsxh rkfd mudk uk;d yksdra=k ds vkdk'k esa ,d Åaph ysdj 2009 rd ds pquko ifj.kke vkSj muds dkj.k o 2014 ds cgqr Åaph mM+ku Hkjdj ns'k dks vkxs ys tk,A lat; f}osnh dks pquko esa chtsih dh thr dk fu"i{k fo'ys"k.k fd;k gSA lat; us 'kqHkdkeuk,aALi"V fd;k gS fd fdlh O;fä fo'ks"k ds fojks/k esa lHkh jktuSfrd

¼leh{kd vktrd U;wt pSuy esa ,adj gSa½nyksa ds ,d gks tkus ls fot; ugha feyrh cfYd turk ds fny esa

vke pquko ij laiw.kZ fdrkc gS êksnh *Livelk

iqLrd % eksnh Live

laiknd% lat; f}osnhizdk'kd% ehfM;k foe'kZ

428] jksfgr uxj]Qst& 1] bZ& 8 ,DlVsa'ku] Hkksiky& 39

ewY;% #i;s& 25@&] i`"B& 102@&

foe'kZehfM;k

93

tuojh&ekpZ 2015

vk;kstuveu vkdk'k

u;h fnYyh] 5&19 flracj] 2014Aizfr"Bku ds rÙok/kku esa 15 fnolh; i=kdkfjrk ,oa ys[ku dk;Z'kkyk dk vk;kstu fd;k x;kA 5 flracj ls 'kq: bl dk;Z'kkyk esa i=kdkfjrk ds fofHkUu vk;keksa ds fo'ks"kK tSls jkecgknqj jk;] vP;qrkuan feJ] tokgj yky dkSy] osnizrki oSfnd] dqynhi uS;j] vjfoan eksgu] o"kkZ nkl] ef.kekyk] dej oghn udoh] fiz;n'kZu] nsofiz; voLFkh] v#.k dqekj f=kikBh] vfuy pefM+;k] ef.kdkar Bkdqj] iq.; izlwu oktis;h] joh'k dqekj] vkuan iz/kku] lar lehj ,oa i;kZoj.kfon~ vuqie feJ 'kkfey gq,A izkar ds fHkUu&fHkUu fo'ofo|ky;ksa ds i=kdkfjrk Nk=kksa vkSj bl {ks=k esa #fp j[kus okys vU; O;fävksa us Hkh viuh etcwr ekStwnxh ntZ djk;hA

dk;Z'kkyk dk vkjEHk dk;Z'kkyk la;kstd vHk; izrki ckrphr dhA iz[;kr ysf[kdk o"kkZ nkl us ySiVkWi dh lgk;rk ls }kjk vk, gq, vfrfFk;ksa ds Lokxr ls gqvkA rnksijkar tulÙkk ds xwxy dh egÙkk laca/kh ,d ohfM;ks fn[kk;k vkSj crk;k fd orZeku iwoZ laiknd vP;qrkuan feJ us izfrHkkfx;ksa dks i=kdkfjrk ds nkSj esa baVjusV fdl rjg ge ij gkoh gksrk pyk jgk gSA mUgksaus xkSjo'kkyh bfrgkl ls voxr djk;kA mUgksaus vktknh vkSj mlds blds bLrseky&laca/kh nq"izHkkoksa ij Hkh ppkZ dhA ofj"B i=kdkj ckn dh i=kdkfjrk ds ckjs esa foLrkj ls le>k;kA vktdy osnizrki oSfnd us Hkh viuh xfjeke;h mifLFkfr ntZ djk;hA i=kdkfjrk ds cnyrs ek;uksa dks ysdj mUgksaus jks"k Hkh O;ä fd;kA gkfy;k ikfdLrkuh vkradh gkfQt lbZn ls lk{kkRdkj dj ykSVs MkW- blds ckn xka/kh Le`fr ,oa n'kZu lfefr dh funs'kd ef.kekyk Hkh oSfnd ls ckr djus dks ysdj ;qok ih<+h dkQh mrkoyh fn[khA izfrHkkfx;ksa ls :&c&: gqbZaA mUgksaus crk;k fd vktdy yksxksa dk fons'k uhfr ij ckr djrs gq, bUgksaus viuh oä`Ro dyk ls lcdh :>ku i=kdkfjrk dh vksj ugha vfirq ehfM;k dh vksj gSA lcdks ftKklk dks 'kkar fd;kA dk;Z'kkyk ds yxHkx vafre fnuksa esa ehfM;k esa XySej utj vkrk gSA tks vkus okys fnuksa esa i=kdkfjrk ds i=kdkj vjfoan eksgu dk O;k[;ku gqvkA ftlesa mUgksaus i=kdkfjrk fy, nq%[kn lans'k gSA ogha U;wt pSuy vkt rd ds dk;Zdkjh ij m|ksx txr vkSj lÙkk ds c<+rs ncko ds ckjs esa Nk=kksa dks laiknd iq.; izlwu oktis;h us dgk fd vc i=kdkfjrk 'kCn crk;kA mUgksaus crk;k fd iwath ds cxSj ekl ehfM;k dk fctusl e`rizk; gks x;h gSA bldh u;h laKk ehfM;k gSA ehfM;k] tks ugha py ldrk vkSj lÙkk ls fj'rs Hkh cuk, j[kuk vko';d gksrk nkxnkj gS vkSj dV?kjs esa [kM+h gSA mUgksaus i=kdkfjrk dh Hkkoh ih<+h gSA bu lHkh fo'ks"kKksa ds O;k[;kuksa ds chp izfrHkkfx;ksa ls tqM+us dk ls dgk fd lkjh ftEesnkjh vc vkids da/kksa ij gSA iwjh bZekunkjh lcls izHkko'kkyh rjhdk jgk ,uMhVhoh bafM;k ds dk;Zdkjh vkSj fu"i{krk ls viuk dke djrs jfg,A Hkkjrh; tulapkj laiknd joh'k dqekj dkA mUgksaus vukSipkfjd ckrphr ds tfj, laLFkku ds izk/;kid vkuan iz/kku us yxHkx 45 feuV ds vius izfrHkkfx;ksa ls lh/kk laidZ LFkkfir fd;kA lc ,d ds ckn ,d O;k[;ku esa i=kdkfjrk ls tqM+h dbZ egÙoiw.kZ ckrsa crk;haA mUgksaus iz'u nkxrs jgs vkSj joh'k dqekj vius fpjifjfpr BsB ygts esa crk;k fd bl {ks=k esa vki lc feydj ,d u;h 'kq#vkr Hkh dj lcdks tokc nsrs jgsA dk;Z'kkyk ds vafre fnu 19 flracj dks ldrs gSaA i=kdkfjrk ds ijaijkxr fof/k;ksa ls brj dqN iz;ksx/kehZ ofj"B i=kdkj ,oa LraHkdkj dqynhi uS;j us vius laf{kIr lacks/ku rjhds viukb,A elyu baVjusV] CykWx ds ek/;e ls i=kdkfjrkA ds ckn lHkh izfrHkkfx;ksa dks izek.k&i=k iznku fd,A dqN vU; ofj"B i=kdkj dej oghn udoh us i=kdkfjrk dh Hkk"kk ij loky fo"k;ksa ls lacaf/kr iqLrdsa ,oa if=kdk,¡ Hkh nh x;haA dk;ZØe ds var mBk, vkSj Lo;a gh mudk mÙkj Hkh fn;kA mUgksaus fganh Hkk"kk dSlh esa xka/kh 'kkafr izfr"Bku ds lfpo lqjsanz 'kekZ us lcdk /kU;okn gksuh pkfg,\ laokn dk lyhdk dSlk gks\ Hkk"kk esa ,slk dkSu&lk Kkiu djrs gq, lekiu dh ?kks"k.kk dhA qrÙo Mkyk tk, fd viukiu yxs\ vkfn egÙoiw.kZ fo"k;ksa ij yach

vkbZ-Vh-vks- fLFkr xka/kh 'kkafr

i=kdkfjrk dk;Z'kkyk dk vk;kstu

94


fo'ks"k fjiksVZ

laosnuk,a gks jgh gSa [kRe% rsftUnj^dyk le;* ds laiknd ,oa laLd`frdehZ dk lEekufou; mik/;k;

Hkksiky] 07 QjojhA ßge cgqr gh dfBu le; esa th jgs gSa] ;g gesa ;kn j[kuk pkfg,A orZeku le; esa yksxksa dh laosnuk,a [kRe gks jgh gSa] ;g xaHkhj ckr gSA ehfM;k dh Hkh ;gh fLFkfr gSA ehfM;k ds fy,

Hkw[k vkSj xjhch dksbZ [kcj ugha gSA mldh lkjh [kcjsa jktuhfr] fØdsV] ckWyhoqM vkSj QS'ku ds bnZ&fxnZ gSaAÞ ;s fopkj iz[;kr miU;kldkj rsftUnj us O;ä fd,A ehfM;k foe'kZ ds rRoko/kku esa vk;ksftr ia- c`tyky f}osnh Le`fr vf[ky Hkkjrh; lkfgfR;d i=kdkfjrk lEeku lekjksg esa os crkSj eq[; vfrfFk ekStwn FksA dk;ZØe dh v/;{krk ek[kuyky prqosZnh jk"Vªh; i=kdkfjrk ,oa lapkj fo'ofo|ky; ds dqyifr izks- c`tfd'kksj dqfB;kyk us dhA mÙkjizns'k ds iwoZ eq[;ea=kh ,oa lkaln txnfEcdk iky Hkh

fof'k"V vfrfFk ds ukrs mifLFkr FksA lEeku lekjksg esa lkroka ia- c`tyky f}osnh Le`fr vf[ky Hkkjrh; lkfgfR;d i=kdkfjrk lEeku&2015 ^dyk le;* vkSj ^jax laokn* ds laiknd fou; mik/;k; dks fn;k

x;kA izLrqr gS dk;ZØe esa oäkvksa ds }kjk O;ä fd, x, vfody fopkj&&

lk/kuk dk lEeku%fou; mik/;k;] dey Hkqous'k ,oa MkW- Jhdkar flagA

lekjksg ds eap ij mifLFkr fo}rtu MkW- lqHknzk jkBkSj] t;izdk'k ekul] fxjh'k iadt] izks- c`t fd'kksj dqfB;kyk]

foe'kZehfM;k

95

tuojh&ekpZ 2015

fxjh'k iadt dks 7 Qjojh] 2013 dks Hkksiky esa vk;ksftr lekjksg ehfM;k foe'kZ ifjokj dk esa lEekfur fd;k x;k FkkA 7 Qjojh] 2014 dks fnYyh ls izdkf'kr izfr"Bk vk;kstu% MkW- Jhdkar flag if=kdk ^O;aX; ;k=kk* ds laiknd izse tuest; dk lEeku fd;k

o"kZ 2007 ls x;kA blh dM+h dks vkxs c<+krs gq, ehfM;k foe'kZ ifjokj dh rjQ

ehfM;k foe'kZ ;g ls lkroka lEeku ns'k ds ekus&tkus dyk leh{kd ,oa lkfgR; ds

i q j Ld k j i z f ro " k Z {ks=k esa pfpZr Hkksiky ds gh lkfgfR;d i=kdkj fou; mik/;k; dks

lkfgfR;d i=kdkfjrk ds fn;k tk jgk gSA ge mUgsa lEekfur djrs gq, xkSjokfUor gks jgs gSaA

{ks=k eas dk;Z djus okys eap ij mifLFkr iz[;kr lkfgR;dkj rsftUnj] ek[kuyky prqosZnh

ns'k ds ekus&tkus jk"Vªh; i=kdkfjrk ,oa lapkj fo'ofo|ky; ds dqyifr izks-

fo}kuksa dks gj lky ns c`tfd'kksj dqfB;kykth] lkfgR;dkj fxjh'k iadt] t;izdk'k

jgk gSA ehfM;k foe'kZ ekul] vkfFkZd i=kdkj dey Hkqous'k vkSj MkW- lqHknzk jkBkSj] tks

dh LFkkiuk o"kZ 2006 esa vius le; esa ls dqN le; dkVdj gh ;gk¡ vk, gSaA ge vki

gqbZ FkhA blds ihNs ,d dFkkud ;g gS fd ge yksxksa dks ;g yx lcdk gkfnZd vfHkuanu djrs gSaA ehfM;k foe'kZ ds eq[; drkZ/krkZ]

jgk Fkk fd ehfM;k lcdh [kcj ys jgh gSA vHkh fnYyh esa pquko ftudh izsj.kk vkSj ftuds ef"r"d ds cy ij gh ehfM;k foe'kZ dk

py jgk Fkk] nks eghus ls turk b/kj&m/kj] dHkh i{k esa dHkh foi{k lEiknu] izdk'ku gksrk jgk gS] ,sls lat; f}osnh dk vkt

esa] lc dqN dgus dk dke ehfM;k dj jgh gSA ysfdu] ehfM;k ds tUefnol gSA mudk Hkh vfHkuanu gSSA

ikl ,slk dksbZ vk/kkj ugha gS fd og vius dk;kZsa dh [kcj ysA bl vuwBs 'kCn lk/kd gSa fou;% t;izdk'k ekuln`f"V ls ehfM;k foe'kZ uke ls ,d ,slh if=kdk dk 'kqHkkjaHk geus

fu.kkZ;d eaMy dh vksj ls viuh ckr j[k jgk gw¡A ;fn fd;k] tks ehfM;k ds {ks=k esa gh dk;Zjr yksxksa] ehfM;k eas D;k gks jgk lEeku vkSj iqjLdkj gS] ehfM;k dh D;k xfrfof/k;ka gSa] ns'k&fons'k] bl lc ij lkexzh euq"; ds lkekthdj.k miyC/k djk,A =kSekfld :i ls if=kdk dk vHkh rd ;g uoka o"kZ ,oa laLd`frdj.k dh gSA if=kdk us lQyrkiwoZd vius gj vad ds lkFk Hkkjr esa mÙkj ls iqjkru izfof/k vkSj ysdj nf{k.k rd] iwoZ ls ysdj if'pe rd viuh etcwr idM+ cuk izHkkoh ps"Vk,¡ gSa rks yh gSA blds xzkgdksa dh la[;k fujarj c<+rh tk jgh gSA vius mle s a v k ; k s t u ] izdk'ku ds ,d o"kZ ckn ehfM;k foe'kZ us iafMr c`tyky f}osnh dh p;udrkZ] lkekftd Le`fr esa lkfgfR;d i=kdkjksa ds fy;s vf[ky Hkkjrh; lEeku izs{kd] p;fur vkSj iqjLdkj nsus dk vk;kstu fd;kA bl dM+h esa vHkh rd yxHkx Ng p;u ls oafpr lHkh fo}kuksa dks lEekfur fd;k x;k gSA ;s iqjLdkj dk lkroka o"kZ gSA

fdlh Hkh izdkj ds ek;k&eksg ds cykr izos'k dh xqatkb'k ugha jg lcls igyk iqjLdkj bankSj dh lkfgfR;d if=kdk ̂ oh.kk* ds laiknd tkrhA rHkh og [kqn esa lHkh i{kksa ds ewY;kadu dh lokZf/kd izpfyr ';ke lqanj O;kl dks fn;k x;kA blds fy;s bankSj eas gh lEeku izfof/k Hkh lkfcr gks ldrh gSA vkt ls lkr lky igys yksdHkwfe lekjksg dk vk;kstu fd;k x;k FkkA o"kZ 2008 esa nwljk lEeku NÙkhlx<+ dh jkt/kkuh jk;iqj esa tc iafMr c`tyky f}osnh Le`fr xksj[kiqj ds fo'oukFk izlkn frokjh dks fn;k x;kA jk;iqj esa 25 vf[ky Hkkjrh; lkfgfR;d i=kdkfjrk lEeku dk vadqj vkjksi.k ebZ] 2008 dks vk;ksftr lekjksg esa ;g lEeku fn;k x;k FkkA gqvk Fkk rks bl lS)kafrdh ls izfrc)rk Hkh lkQ&lkQ dsUnz esa FkhA rhljk lEeku] fnYyh ls izdkf'kr if=kdk ^dFkkns'k* ds laiknd iqjLdkj p;u lfefr esa lcls de vk;q okys fdarq p;u /keZ dh gfjukjk;.k th dks fcykliqj eas vk;ksftr lEeku lekjksg esa fn;k uSfrdrk ifjikyu esa cjkcj Hkkxhnkj okys lHkh ofj"B lnL;ksa vkSj x;kA pkSFkk lEeku] if=kdk ̂ vdlj* ds laiknd gsrq Hkkj}kt dks vk;kstu laLFkk ds izfr de ls de esjh vksj ls rks vkHkkj Hkh fd Hkkjr Hkou eas vk;ksftr lekjksg esa fn;k x;k FkkA mlds ckn lcus feydj vkt rd ml izfrc)rk dks cjdjkj j[kk gSA bl jk;iqj ls izdkf'kr lkfgfR;d if=kdk ̂ ln~Hkkouk niZ.k* ds laiknd izfrc)rk dh ekVh&ikuh ;fn lEeku dh tM+ksa esa ughas gksrk rks fganh

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dh fo'kq) lkfgfR;d i=kdkfjrk ds js[kkadu esa bldh fo'oluh;rk dh ml lk/kqrk ij Hkh dqN dgs fcuk ugha jgk tkrk] tks dbZ;ksa ds vkSj izfr"Bk Hkh bl rjg dgka vftZr gksrhA oh.kk] nLrkost] ;gka [kjxks'k ds lhax dh rjg unkjn gSA Js; vkSj izse caVksjus ds vdlj] dFkkns'k] ln~Hkkouk niZ.k vkSj O;aX; ;k=kk ds p;u dh reke gFkdaMs viukus ds vkfn gks pqds ehfM;k le; esa ;fn ;g Lora=krk ds lkFk ns'k dk cgqopu Hkh foU;Lr ugha gksrkA ;fn eSa lEeku fdlh fnO;&HkO; ehfM;k ilZu ds uke u fy[kdj fdlh lcls igys vius ifjokj dks gh vkHkkj nsuk pkg jgk gwa rks bl ekSu lk/kd lkfgfR;d jpukdkj ds uke fy[kk tk jgk gS rks ;g vkHkkj ij vknj.kh; ';ke lqanj O;kl] fo'oukFk izlkn frokjh] fojks/kkHkkl ughaA lkfgfR;d i=k&if=kdkvksa dh Hkjekj esa tgka gfjukjk;.k th] gsrq Hkkj}kt] fxjh'k iadt] izse tuest; vkSj vc viuh&viuh J)k vkSj lqfo/kk dh fo/kkvksa] fopkjksa] ?kjkuksa] oknksa] fou; mik/;k; esjs ls lq;ksX; laikndksa ds lkFk&lkFk vki lcksa dh izfroknksa] ?kkrksa] izfr?kkrksa] LFkkiuk vkSj foLFkkiukvksa dks ysdj vkilh eqgj Hkh yxh gqbZ gSA eSa lp dgwa rks vkids lEeq[k cl ;gh cM+s&cM+s laiknd vkSj [kqn jpukdkj Hkh my>rs&lqy>rs jgus ds dgus dh vkSdkr gS esjh fd ̂oks vk;s gekjs ?kj esa [kqnk dh dqnjr gS] vkfn curs] cuk, tk, jgs gSa vkSj tgka dykvksa ds fy;s vR;Ur dHkh ge mudks] dHkh vius ?kj dks ns[krs gSaA* esjs lkFk tc vki Lisl cp jgk gks] lkfgR; dsfUnzr if=kdk ̂dyk le;* cjcl viuh bl ?kj dk flagkoyksdu djsaxs rks ik;saxs fd ehfM;k foe'kZ dh vksj [khap&[khap ysrh gSA og vk'oLr djrh gS fd dykvksa ds izfr pkS[kVksa] njoktksa] f[kM+dh] dejksa] vkaxu] nkyku] Q'kZ vkSj Nr dk euq"; dh bPNk vkSj leh{kk dk Hkko vHkh Hkh bl lnu ij fof{kr lkS"Bo vkSj oSHko gh ugha fn[ksxk] vkidks bl lqlaLd`r ?kj dk ugha gqvk gSA ;g ugha fd;k tk ldrkA ;g cktkj vkSj oS'ohdj.k eqf[k;k HkkbZ lat; f}osnh Hkh fn[kkbZ nsxkA lat; th dk ftØ ds chp Hkkjrh; euq"; ds dykRed psruk dks cpk ys tkus ds xgjs blfy;s Hkh ;gka csekuh ugha] fd mudh n`f"V vkSj l`f"V esa ehfM;k ljksdkj ls drbZ de ughaA Jh fou; mik/;k; tSls dyk f'k{kk vkSj leh{kk dh tks uoksUes"kh ijaijk ehfM;k foe'kZ ds ek/;e leh{kd&laiknd bl Ms<+ n'kdksa ds vius ri vkSj rki ls vius ls lewps fganh vkSj fganhrj izns'kksa esa fodflr gks jgh gS] og vius vkidks fl) djrs gSaA ;g dsoy dyk dh i=kdkfjrk ugha] fy;s ,d fuf"Ø; lEeku dk gdnkj D;ksa ugha gSA ehfM;k foe'kZ dfoeuk fou; dh ckSf)d nqfu;k ds lkFk dyk dh lgdkfjrk Hkh

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Hkksiky dk fo}r lekt% mifLFkr loZJh egsanz xxu] e/kqdj f}osnh] fot; cgknqj flag] jes'k nos ,oa Jh ujsUnz tSuA

lEeku lekjksg esa Hkksiky ds cqf)thoh oxZ dh mifLFkfr us lekjksg dks xfjeke; cuk fn;kA izFke iafDr esa

gSA bl :i esa vuqie vkSj vuqdj.kh; lk/kuk Hkh gSA bruk gh ugha djuk ogka igqaprs gh fou; mik/;k; dk drkZ fØ;k;ke ugha gSA os yxHkx laiw.kZ mÙkj dqN 'kkV~Zl ysdj esjs Hkkjr esa ,sls vuwBs 'kCn lk/kd gSa tks dyk psruk dh i=kdkfjrk ikl igqapk nsukA esjs djrs gaSA ̂ dyk le;* vkSj ̂ jax laokn* ds laiknu ls vkxs mudh dke vk tk,axsA eSa fjiksfVZax vkSj leh{kk ls ;g Lo;a vfHkizekf.kr gSA fou; th esa vdlj crkrk gwa fd lqfu;ksftr rkSj ij v'kq) dh tk jgh fganh dh 'kkL=kh; okfpdrk dbZ lky gks x;s ysfdu vkSj ml okfpdrk ds lkSUn;Z dks Hkh cpkus dh ftn ftl rjg gS] mldh ckr eSa vkt rd og yxkrkj de gksrh tk jgh gSA fu.kZ; lfefr ;kuh fo'oukFk ugh a H k wy ikrkA lpnso] jes'k uS;j] MkW- lfPpnkuan tks'kh] MkW- lqHknzk jkBkSj vkSj eSa laosnughurk ds ,d ,sls ¼t;izdk'k ekul½ iafMr c`tyky f}osnh vf[ky Hkkjrh; nkSj eas ge th jgs gSa tgka fd flQZ dqN 'kkVZ~l gekjs fy;s dherh cps lkfgfR;d i=kdkfjrk lEeku& 2015 gsrq ,der ls fou; mik/;k; gSaA Hkw[k ls tw>rs gq, O;fDr dh dksbZ dher gekjs tsgu esa ugha gSA dh vuq'kalk djrs le; [kqn dks Hkh cgqr izlUu ik jgs FksA vHkh ;s ckr eSa i=kdkfjrk ds lanHkZ esa dg jgk gwaA eSaus tks mnkgj.k fn;k] /kU;okn lHkklnksa dk] [kklrkSj ls HkkbZ lat; f}osnh vkSj ehfM;k t:jh ugha fd lkjs yksx oSls gksaA ysfdu eSa tc Hkh fnYyh] paMhx<+ foe'kZ ifjokj dk ,sls lqUnj {k.k gekjs fy;s foxr dbZ o"kkZsa ls ;k psUubZ ;k vius fganh izns'kksa esa Hkh utj Mkyrk gwa rks ,slk yxrk miyC/k djk jgs gSaA gS fd tSls Hkw[k ;k rks gekjs fy, dksbZ leL;k gh ugha gS ;k fQj Hkw[k

dh leL;k dk gekjs fy, dksbZ vFkZ gh ugha gSA ;k fQj dgha Hkw[k Hkk"kk vkSj thou 'kSyh ij Hkh cph gh ughaA tcfd lp ckr ;g gS fd vLlh izfr'kr ls vf/kd dkjiksjsV dh cqjh utj% rsftUnjyksx vkt Hkh nks twu dh jksVh ds fy;s dM+k la?k"kZ djrs gSaA rc Hkh

esjs fy;s lpeqp ;g cgqr lq[kn {k.k gS fd ftl Hkksiky mudks ;g jksVh miyC/k gks ikrh gS ;k ugha] bl ckr dh dksbZ

'kgj esa tgka eSaus dye idM+uk lh[kk] tgka eSaus fy[kuk yxHkx vk'ofLr ughaA vki vuqeku yxkb;s ,d ,sls vkfnoklh {ks=k ;k

vkjaHk fd;k] iwjh xaHkhjrk ds lkFk vkt eSa ;gka vkids lkeus bl nwljs {ks=k esa tgka rqvj dh nky ds lkS nkus ikap #i;s ds fglkc ls

rjg eq[kkfrc gks jgk gwaA viuh ckr vkjaHk djus ls igys eSa Jh iSdsV esa feyrs gksa] D;k [kkrs gksaxs ogka ds yksxA D;k igurs gksaxs os

fou; mik/;k; dks bl ckr dh c/kkbZ nsuk pkgrk gwa fd mUgsa bl yksx\ D;k lk/ku gksaxs muds ikl\ vki vxj vaxzsth ehfM;k dk

iqjLdkj ds fy;s mfpr gh p;fur fd;k x;k gSA os bl iqjLdkj ds dksbZ Hkh pSuy ns[ksa rks vkidks yxsxk fd bl ns'k dh lcls cM+h

gdnkj Fks vkSj gdnkj gSaA blds lkFk gh tks vk;kstd gSa Jh lat; leL;kvksa esa Hkw[k vkSj xjhch rks gS gh ughaA ogka vxj gS rks QS'ku

f}osnh vkSj ehfM;k foe'kZ dk ifjokj] buds tks yksx gSa] budh tks ijLrh gS] ogka vxj gS rks fØdsV gSA ogka vxj gS rks ckWyhoqM gSA

Vhe gS] ;s tks bl rjg ds vk;kstu djrh gS] budk ,d cM+k egRo mudh tks fpark,a gSa oks lekt dh cgqr T;knk gqvk rks nl ianzg

gSA fe=kksa ;s ckr ckj&ckj dguk fd ge yksx cgqr dfBu le; esa izfr'kr yksxksa dh fpark,a gSa] ftuds vk/kkj ij yksx brus cM+s&cM+s

th jgs gSa ;s ,d O;kid lp gSA blls eq>s yxrk gS fd ckj&ckj bl pSuy pykrs gSaA ,sls esa tc ehfM;k foe'kZ uke dh fganh if=kdk dh

ckr dks ;kn j[kuk pkfg;s fd ge ,d csgn dfBu le; esa th jgs vksj ls vkea=k.k feyrk gS fd dyk ij dsfUnzr ,d if=kdk ds

gSaA esjk ifjp; nsrs gq, dkykgkaMh dk ftØ fd;k x;kA eq>s mlls laiknd dks lEekfur djuk gS rks esjs fy;s mlls cM+k jks'kuh dk

,d ckr ;kn vkbZ fd ukxiqj ls lejiqj esjk LFkkukarj.k gqvk FkkA fpjkx vkSj dksbZ ugha gksxkA D;ksafd ;s ckr cgqr vPNh yxrh gSA

paMhx<+ eas vius ,d fe=k dks eSaus VsyhQksu djds crk;k fd esjk fou; th ls esjk ifjp; vkt dk ugha gSA cgqr iqjkuk gSA eSa vkt

LFkkukarj.k if'pe lejiqj esa gks x;k gSA ehfM;k esa dke djus okys dh gh ckr dj jgk gwaA eq>s vPNk yxkA esjs ,d fe=k gSa Hkksiky esa]

ml fe=k us dgk ;s lejiqj fd/kj gSA eSaus mldks crk;k fd rqeus Jh cuthZA eSa muls feyus ds fy;s x;k vkSj ckr&ckr esa eSaus mUgsa

dkyk gkaMh dk uke lquk gksxkA mlus dgk gka] ogh dkykgkaMh u crk;k fd Jh fou; mik/;k; dks vkt iqjLdkj nsuk gSA oks nksuksa

tgka yksx dhMs+&edksM+s [kkrs gSaA eSaus dgk fd gka] ;s ogh dkykgkaMh ifr&iRuh bl dnj izlUu gq, fd tSls muds ?kj ds fdlh cPps dks

gSA bl ij mlus dgk fd ;kj ;g cgqr vPNk gqvkA rqe ,slk ;s iqjLdkj fn;k tk jgk gksA ;s tks vglkl gS] ;g vglkl vius

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{ks=k esa] 'kgj esa iSnk djuk cgqr cM+h ckr gS] tks fd fou; mik/;k; laosnukvksa dk yxHkx O;kikj dj jgs gSaA gekjs vkSj fou; mik/;k; us fd;k gSA njvly dykvksa ij tksf[ke gj rjQ ls gSA 'kCn dh tSls vkSj Hkh ,sls yksx gSa] tks ml O;kikj dk fgLlk ugha cus gSaA lÙkk ij lcls cM+k [krjk Bhd ml le; gS] tc ge gkf'k;ksa ij muds ikl dksbZ vkSj fodYi ugha gSA D;k djsaA ,sls esa] eSa nqckjk thou th jgs gSaA orZeku le; esa vkidks yxrk gS fd ntZuksa&lSdM+ksa dgrk gwa fd ehfM;k foe'kZ tSlh if=kdk dh viuh ,d vge iqLrdsa vk jgh gSaA eq>s yxrk gS fd gj 'kgj ls fganh ds gj dfo Hkwfedk gS] ftldks fd HkkbZ lat; f}osnh fuHkk jgs gSaaA ;g ,d vkSj ys[kd dh dksbZ u dksbZ iqLrd vk jgh gSA mlds ckn eq>dks fopkj'kwU;rk esa thus dk le; Hkh gSA vki nsf[k;s vkt lkfgR; dh ;g dguk [kjkc yxrk gS fd esjh Hkh vk jgh gSA vki dSls dgsaxs ;s if=kdkvksa ds eqdkcys QS'ku dh if=kdkvksa dh la[;k dgha T;knk ckrA fdrkcsa vk jgh gSa] vki d`i;k ;g u lkspsa fd eSa udkjkRed gSA vkt lkfgfR;d if=kdkvksa ds eqdkcys [kkuk idkus dh fof/k;ka fdLe dh ckr dg jgk gwaA eSa ldkjkRed fLFkfr dh ckr gh dg jgk fl[kkus dh if=kdk dgha T;knk gSaA mUgksaus gekjs 'kCn pqjk fy;sA gwa fd bruh iqLrdsa vkus ds ckotwn 'kCn dh lÙkk ij [krjk dkikZsjsV us gekjs 'kCn dSls pqjk,\ dkikZsjsV gekjs 'kCn bl rjg ls cjdjkj gSA pwafd izdk'kdkas us] iwathifr;ksa us vius&vius rjhds pqjkrk gS fd djksM+ifr;ksa ds twrs cspus dh nqdku gS] mldk oks uke btkn dj fy;s gSaA tc dEI;wVj ;qx ugha Fkk rc fdlh iqLrd dk j[krs gSa eksphA diM+s cspus dh dkikZsjsV nqdkuksa dk uke gS tqykgkA izFke laLdj.k 1100 izfr;ksa dk Nirk FkkA vc 300 izfr;ksa dk bu nqdkuksa esa iwathifr] dkWVu dh nl&nl gtkj dh ,d deht csp izFke laLdj.k Nirk gSA iqLrd dk f}rh; laLdj.k Nirk Fkk rks jgs gSaA tcfd dkWVu iSnk djus okyk fdlku Hkw[k ls vkRegR;k dj ys[kd dks irk gksrk FkkA vc ys[kd dks pkSFks laLdj.k dk Hkh irk jgk gSA bl rjg ls ge ns[k jgs gSa fd gekjh Hkk"kk ij mudk ugha gksrkA izdk'kdksa us ek;ktky jp j[kk gS] ftlesa e/;oxhZ; vf/kdkj gks x;kA gekjs 'kCnksa ij mudk vf/kdkj gks x;kA gekjh ys[kd yxkrkj /kalrk&Qalrk pyk tk jgk gSA izdk'kd mldh thou 'kSyh ij mudk vf/kdkj gks x;kA gekjs ?kjksa esa Mªkbax :e esa

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mudk vf/kdkj gks x;kA gekjs jlkbZ?kj ij mudk vf/kdkj gks thou dk fgLlk cu tk;k djrh gSaA ,slk gh dqN vkt ehfM;k x;kA gesa latho diwj crkrs gSa fd vkidks D;k cukuk gS] vc gesa foe'kZ }kjk vk;ksftr ia- c`tyky f}osnh vf[ky Hkkjrh; ;g gekjh nknh ;k ukuh ugha crkrhA bu fo"ke ifjLFkfr;ksa esa ge lkfgfR;d i=kdkfjrk lEeku ls tc eq>s vyad`r fd;k tk jgk gS] th jgs gSa vkSj bu fo"ke ifjLFkfr;ksa ls tw>us dk ;gh rjhdk gS fd ;s Hkkokdwyrk vanj meM+uk cgqr gh LokHkkfod gSA eap ij ge lc rjg ds vk;kstuksa esa ,d gksa vkSj ,d Loj esa viuh ckr vHkh&vHkh rsftUnj th us f'kjdr dhA ek[kuyky prqoZsnh jk"Vªh; dgsaA ,sls yksxksa dk lEeku djsa tks fd vkt ds bl nkSj esa i=kdkfjrk ,oa lapkj fo'ofo|ky; ds dqyifr egksn; vknj.kh; l`tukRed dykvksa ij ckr dj jgs gSaA dqfB;kyk lkgc] vknj.kh; iky lkgc ftudh vken vpkud gqbZ

ysfdu fuf'pr :i ls mÙkjizns'k dk izfrfuf/kRo mUgkssaus ;gka fd;k ;s vkidh nqvkvksa dk vlj gS% fou; mik/;k;gS] ftldh ,d Lo;a gh lkfgfR;d lkaLd`frd fojklr jgh gSA bl dqN dgus ls igys vpkud esjs tsgu esa dqN iafDr;ka nkSM+ ukrs eSa ekurk gwa fd gekjs iM+kslh izns'k dk ftl izdkj ls gekjs jgh gSaA j¶rk&j¶rk esjh dk;ZØe esa okl gqvk gS] mudk LokxrA fxjh'k HkkbZ th] t;izdk'k pkysa] eafty vkxs ekul] ;s oks yksx gSa ftUgksaus gekjs gj mBrs gq, dne dh vkgV dks c< +rh vkrh g S ] lquk gS] ns[kk gSA Hkksiky esa tc 1985&86 esa eSa vius 'kgj dh pqids&pqids esjs fy, ljgn yka?k dj vk;k] rc ftu yksxksa dk lax&lkFk] ftu yksxksa dk vki nqvk,a djrs gSaA ;s izksRlkgu] ftUgksaus ckdk;nk gekjh fu".kkr djoVksa ds lkFk nqvkvksa dk vlj gksrk lax&lkFk cuk;s j[kk] vk'khokZn cuk;s j[kkA eq>s ;kn gS fd tc gS] tc vpkud ,d tuojh] 1998 olar iapeh ds fnu geus dyk le; dk yksdkiZ.k fnu miyfC/k;ka vkids

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fd;k Fkk] rc johUnz Hkou ds [kpk[kp Hkjs lHkkxkj esa vknj.kh; vius lgk;d ds :i easa j[kkA rc eSaus ns[kk fd lkfgfR;d ih-lh- ikBd ekStwn FksA esjs ifjokj ds vius yksx tks vkt eq>s ;gka i=kdkfjrk ftu ewY;ksa ds fy;s dke dj jgh gS] ftu laosnukvksa ds ij bl rjg ls lEekfur gksrs ns[k jgs gSaA muds fy;s rks D;k ;g esjs fy;s dke dj jgh gS vkSj i=kdkfjrk] fganh i=kdkfjrk ds cnyrs fy;s Hkh cgqr lkSHkkX; dk {k.k gSA tc esjh cgu] ftlus eq>s ;gka ifjn`'; eas ftl rjg ls v{kjk tSlh if=kdk e/;izns'k ls fudyrh i=kdkfjrk djrs gq, reke ladVksa ds ml nkSj ls ns[kk vkSj vkt og Fkh] reke vk'kadkvksa vkSj fo'oklksa vkSj vkLFkkvksa ds chp ftl eq>s ;gka lEekfur gksrs ns[k jgh gS rks eSa le> ldrk gwa fd mlds vkLFkk dk jksi.k dj jgh Fkh] rc eSaus ns[kk fd njvly lkfgfR;d Hkhrj esjs izfr D;k Hkkouk gSA cgjgky] eSa Hkkoqdrk ds bl pj.k i=kdkfjrk gksrh D;k gS\ yxHkx nks o"kZ rd izHkkdj Jksf=k; ds dks ;gka jksdrk gwaA njvly] eSa ml xkao ls fj'rk j[krk gwa ftl lkFk dke fd;kA mUgksaus eq>s dgk fd Hkksiky ,d ,slk 'kgj gS tgka xkao us in~eJh jkeukjk;.k mik/;k; fn;sA [kaMok ds ikl fLFkr ij lkfgR; vkSj laLd`fr dh ygjsa cjkcj mBrh fn[krh gSaA Hkkjr ,d xkao dkyeq[kh tgka ij eSaus tUe fy;kA fdrkc dh] v{kj Kku Hkou LFkkfir gks pqdk FkkA ogka ij ,d vPNs le>nkj vkSj dh igyh jkS'kuh vxj ml tehu ij mrjh Fkh rks og iafMr mRlkfgr O;fDr dh t:jr gS rc nSfud HkkLdj esa eSaus i=kdkfjrk jkeukjk;.k mik/;k; dh otg ls mrjh FkhA ftUgksaus yksd laLd`fr 'kq: dh FkhA ,d izlax eSa vkils t:j bl ekSds ij lk>k djuk ds {ks=k esa og dke fd;k fd mUgsa Hkkjr ds lokZsPp in~e vyadj.k pkgrk gwaA eq>s rc mlh v[kckj ds ,d ofj"B i=kdkj us dgk fd ls foHkwf"kr fd;k x;kA eSa xkao ls i<+kbZ&fy[kkbZ ds fy;s [kaMok rcys&lkjax ij rqedks yxrk gS fd dksbZ Hkfo"; gSA ns[kks rqe NksM+ vk;k FkkA [kaMok og 'kgj gS] ftlus lkfgfR;d i=kdkfjrk dk nks] dy ls uxj fuxe dh chV lEHkkyks vkSj 'kgj ds ckdh eqíksa ij iqjks/kk fn;kA ia- ek[kuyky prqoZsnh vkSj deZohj dk ,d cgqr dke djuk 'kq: dj nksA eSaus dgk] lj eSa blh ds fy;s vk;k Fkk vkSj vPNk fj'rk [kaMok ds uke ls tqM+k gSA o"kZ 1985&86 esa viuh ugha gqvk rks eSa v[kckj cny nwaxkA rc MkW- xksiukFk ckyw jljax f'k{kk iwjh djus ds ckn eSa Hkksiky vk;k] rc Hkksiky lkaLd`frd ns[k jgs FksA tc ;g fpark eSaus muds lkFk lk>k dh] rks mUgksaus jkt/kkuh ds :i esa izfr"Bk ik pqdk FkkA [kaMok esa ;g lkspuk cgqr eq>ls dgk fd rqeus tks jkLrk r; fd;k gS ml ij dk;e jguk eqf'dy Fkk fd esjh ftanxh dh fn'kk;sa D;k gksaxh] dke djus ds pkfg,A rHkh mUgksaus eq>ls dgk fd eSa rqEgsa jljax esa j[krk gwaA rc fy;sA ysfdu] ,slk dgrs gSa fd cgqr igys gh gekjk izkjC/k vkSj eSaus muds lkFk jljax if=kdk esa dke djuk 'kq: fd;kA ysfdu] gekjs Hkfo"; dh dqN phtksa dh bckjrsa fy[kh tk pqdh gksrh gSaA rHkh dqN eghuksa ckn ftu yksxksa us ;g fVIi.kh dh Fkh] mUgha yksxksa us [kaMok eas ,d lkaLd`frd] lkfgfR;d okrkoj.k ml nkSjku Fkk] tgka okil eq>ls dgk fd fnuHkj ;g dke djus ds ckn 'kke dks gekjs ij vkt ds vkyk ntZs ds reke dykdkj f'kjdr djus vk;k djrs ;gka tks ukVd] dk;ZØe gksrs gSa budh fjiksfVZax vki fd;k djksA Fks] ftUgsa Hkksiky esa eSaus i=kdkfjrk djrs gq, djhc ls ns[kk gSA rc 'kke dks Hkkjr Hkou] johUnz Hkou] ekul Hkou] fganh Hkou ;gka ysfdu] rc eSa mUgsa vcks/k n'kZd ds :i esa ns[krk FkkA lksuy eku gksus okyh reke xfrfof/k;ksa dh eSa fjiksfVZax djrk FkkA ogka vkus flag] jktk jke jsìh] fcjtw egkjkt] dkerk izlkn ;s reke oks okyh foHkwfr;ksa ds lk{kkRdkj djrk FkkA yxHkx 5&6 cjl eSaus ogka dykdkj Fks tks [kaMok olarksRlo eas vk;k djrs FksA [kaMok dk dke fd;k vkSj mlds ckn eSa ubZnqfu;k tSls fganh ds izfrf"Br dqphiqM+h mRlo Hkkjrh; Lrj dk ,d ,slk lkaLd`frd eap Fkk] tgka v[kckj esa x;kA ubZnqfu;k esa yxkrkj tc eSaus dke djuk 'kq: ij reke cM+s lkfgR;dkj O;k[;ku ds fy;s vkSj dfo lEesyu ds fd;k rc mUgha nSfud HkkLdj ds ml ofj"B i=kdkj dh fpëh esjs fy;s vk;k djrs FksA rc dfo lEesyuksa dh gekjh ,d cgqr vPNh ikl vkrh gSA og fpëh vkt Hkh esjs ikl egQwt gSA ftlesa mUgksaus ikou ijEijk gqvk djrh FkhA rc mudks jkr&jkr Hkj tkxdj] fy[kk gS fd ftu fl)karksa ds lkFk rqeus i=kdkfjrk dh] mlesa rqEgkjs lqudj tks Hkhrj vpkud 'kCn ds izfr] Hkk"kk ds izfr] lkfgR; ds uke vkSj dke dks ns[kdj eq>s cgqr g"kZ vkSj xoZ dk vuqHko gksrk izfr izse tkxk] bu reke fojklr dks ysdj eSa Hkksiky vk;kA gSA ;g njvly esjh yM+kbZ dh igyh fot; Fkh] ftlesa eq>s Hkksiky esa eSaus igys lkfgfR;d i=kdkfjrk dk Kku izkIr fd;k] ckdk;nk vius jkLrs ij dk;e j[kus ds fy;s eukscy iznku fd;k izHkkdj Jksf=k; lsA e/;izns'k jk"VªHkk"kk izpkj lfefr mu fnuksa FkkA ubZnqfu;k dh viuh ijaijk,a FkhA ubZnqfu;k esa eq>s iwjh v{kjk if=kdk fudkyk djrh FkhA vHkh Hkh og dk;e gSA izHkkdj Lok;Ùkrk feyh dke djus dhA ubZnqfu;k esa tc viuh fjiksfVZax Jksf=k; mlds laiknd FksA mUgksaus eq>s if=kdk ds laiknd eaMy esa fd;k djrk Fkk] rc ubZnqfu;k ckdk;nk bl ckr dk [;ky j[krk


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Fkk fd ;fn tkfdj gqlSu rcyk oknu djus ds fy;s vk,a rks mlds dksbZ vkxzg ugha cpk gSA eSa vkt iwjs fo'okl ds lkFk dg ldrk gwa fy;s igys ist dh iêh dh txg rS;kj gqvk djrh FkhA egk'osrk fd iwjs Hkkjro"kZ esa lkfgR; vkSj laLd`fr dh tks NksVh&e>ksyh nsoh vkbZa rks nks ist dk ifjf'k"V eSaus ml le; fudkykA if=kdk,a fudy jgh gSa ;gh njvly vkt gekjs ml fo'okl dks

Hkkjr jRu Hkhelsu tks'kh dk vxj Hkksiky esa vkxeu gks gekjs ml thou dh laosnukvksa dks] gekjs ml iksVZQksfy;ks dks jgk gS rks og ekewyh ?kVuk ugha gSA rc ge ifjf'k"V fudkyrs FksA cpk;s j[ks gSaA tc jtk Hkksiky vkrs gSa rks ge jtk ds Lokxr esa iwjk i`"B ltkdj ;gh NksVh if=kdk;sa vkt Hkh gekjk Hkjkslk cuk, gq, gSaA fudkyrs FksA cM+s&cMs+ lkfgfR;d vkSj laLd`fr ds vyadj.k lekjksg eSa Hkkjr dh egku lkaLd`frd i=kdkfjrk vkSj ml i=kdkfjrk ds dks ge fuf'pr :i ls ,d ;k nks i`"B esa fudkyrs FksA njvly] eSa lkFk tqM+s reke yksxksa dks iz.kke djrk gwaA eSa ml fu.kkZ;d lfefr ;g crkuk pkg jgk gwa fd ;s oks oDr Fkk tc lkfgR; vkSj laLd`fr dks Hkh viuk vkHkkj izdV djrk gwa ftUgksaus ckdk;nk gekjs dke dks gekjs nSfud i=kksa esa lEeku izkIr gksrk FkkA ysfdu vkt Qslcqd dks] gekjh vkgVksa dks fpfUgr fd;k] igpku ds :i esa ns[kk] HkkbZ ij esjs fe=k foosd lkojhdj ^e`nqy* us fVIi.kh fy[kh gSA mUgksaus t;izdk'k ekul us ftu 'kCnksa esa js[kkadu fd;k gS esjs dke dk vkSj fy[kk fd ;s oks oDr Fkk tc eSaus nSfud i=kdkfjrk dks NksM+kA vkneh mrus dn dk gS ;k ugha] ysfdu eSa ;g ekurk gwa fd vkt ;s yxHkx ikap Ng cjl iqjkuh ckr gSA mlus ckdk;nk Bhd bl ckr laokn esjh dke;kch ij fdruk gS eq>s ugha ekywe ysfdu esjh dh tkap dhA ;s oks le; Fkk tc v[kckjksa ls laiknd uke dh dksf'k'kksa dk ;g lEeku t:j gSA ;s dksf'k'ksa eSa cnLrwj tkjh laLFkk gkf'k;s ij tk jgh FkhA oks reke iwathifr ftuds ikl vkt j[kwaxkA vc eq>s fofn'kk ds vius ,d 'kk;j dh dfork dh nks ehfM;k vkdj fleV x;k] lkjh 'kfDr;ka muds ikl vkdj fleV iafDr;ka ;kn vk jgh gSa fd ;s lkspuk xyr Fkk fd ge ij utj xbZ gSa] muds fy;s lkfgR; vkSj laLd`fr ds fy;s] ekQ dhft;s vc ughaA e'k#e cgqr gSa tekus esa exj cs[kcj ughaA

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D;k vlj gksxk\ vesfjdh jk"Vªifr dk Hkkjr ds x.kra=k fnol tSls ehfM;k esa lkfgR; dks feys txg% dey Hkqous'kdk;ZØe esa 'kkfey gksuk crkrk gS fd ,f'k;k iz'kkar esa Hkkjr dh l k f g f R ; d fLFkfr vkSj nenkj gks jgh gSA gekjs iM+kslh ns'kksa ds vykok tgka Hkh i=kdkfjrk ls esjk cgqr gekjs iz/kkuea=kh x;s] tkiku x;s] vkLVªsfy;k x;s] vesfjdk x;s] T;knk tqM+ko ugha jgk ogka ds jk"Vªifr vk;s] rks gekjs muls etcwr laca/k cu jgs gSaA gSA ysfdu] eSa crkuk Hkkjr vkus okys le; esa vkfFkZd vkSj jktuhfrd egklÙkk cu pkgwaxk fd fnueku] ldrk gSA tc vesfjdk ds jk"Vªifr us [kqn ;s dgk fd la;qDr jk"Vª /keZ;qx vkSj lkfjdk ds la?k ds vanj Hkkjr dh lhV curh gSA tc fo'o ehfM;k geas ns[k dbZ iqjkus vad esjs ikl jgk Fkk] rc gekjk ehfM;k ckr dj jgk Fkk dqÙkksa dhA tcfd crkuk vkt Hkh gSa vkSj eSa mUgsa pkfg, Fkk fd Hkkjr dh nqfu;k esa D;k fLFkfr cu jgh gSA eSa dbZ i<+rk jgrk gwaA lks'ky Vhoh pSuy okyksa ls ;s iwNrk gwa rks os dgrs gSa fd yksx ,slk ns[kuk ehfM;k tSls u, ek/;e ij Hkh tks lkfgR; fy[kk tk jgk gS] mls Hkh pkgrs gSaA blfy, ge fn[kkrs gSaA eSaus dgk ugha vki tks ijksl jgs gSa eSa i<+ jgk gwaA ysfdu] lkfgR; fy[kus eas esjh #fp ugha jgh gSA yksx mls ns[k jgs gSaA vHkh gks ldrk gS fd yksx bl ij viuh izksQslj uanyky [kYyk us vius i=k esa fy[kk Fkk fd ßi=kdkj dks izfrfØ;k ugha ns ik jgs gSaA ysfdu] vkus okys le; esa ;g lc ugha lqdjkr dh Hkkafr lR;kUos'kh] dchj dh rjg vD[kM+&QDdM+] py ldsxkA ,d nwljh vkSj ?kVuk gS] tc ikfdLrkuh vkradoknh eLrekSyk] Li"VoDrk] rqylhnkl dh rjg yksd eaxy dk leFkZd] vtey dlkc dks idM+k x;k Fkk] ge fl) ugha dj ik jgs Fks fd lwj tSlk yksdkuqjatu] Lokeh n;kuan dh Hkkafr rkfdZd gksuk oks ikfdLrkuh ukxfjd gSA rc Hkkjr ds fdlh Hkh fgUnh&vaxzsth pkfg,A og bruk l{ke gks fd Hkz"Vkpkj ds pØO;wg ls vkrafdr u pSuy] v[kckj vkSj osclkbV us Hkh [kkst ugha dh fd dlkc dkSu gksA og vuSfrdrk] vjktdrk] vO;oLFkk dks lw{e psruk dk gS\ ysfdu] ikfdLrku ds gh pSuy ft;ks Vhoh ds fjiksVZj ewlk [kku ioulqr cudj ijkLr dj ldsAÞ fganqLrku dh i=kdkfjrk esa us viuh tku ij [ksydj crk fn;k fd vtey dlkc ikfdLrku lekpkj dks izksMDV cukdj cspus dh tks izo``fRr vk jgh gS] mlus ls Hkkjr x;k FkkA blds ckn Hkkjr us fo'o eap ij nenkjh ls ;g lekt dk uqdlku fd;k gSA esjh ,d vknr Fkh fd jkr esa Hkh uhan ckr j[kh fd vtey dlkc ikfdLrku dk FkkA gekjs pSuy dgrs [kqyus ij eSa Vhoh pkywdj [kcjsa ns[kk djrk FkkA oks vknr eSaus gSa fd gesa czkWMdkfLVax ykxr cgqr T;knk vkrh gSA ysfdu] gdhdr fiNys dbZ lky ls can dj nh gSA gqvk ;wa] ,d fnu eSa mBk vkSj ns[kk ;g gS fd ;s fcuk fdlh fjlpZ vkSj esgur fd, flQZ Qkyrw dh fd U;wt pSuy ij [kcj vk jgh Fkh fd fizal [kìs esa fxj x;kA lcls [kcjksa dks fn[kk;saxsA 'kkg:[k [kku dks Nhad vk xbZ rks D;ksa vk igys esjs eu esa /;ku vk;k fd fczVsu ds fizal fofy;El ds lkFk xbZ\ buds ikl VsDuhdy Kku rks gS ysfdu mís'; lkQ ugha gS fd ,slh ?kVuk dSls ?kV xbZA 15&20 feuV eSa ml [kcj dks ns[krk jgk tkuk dgka gS\ ,d mnkgj.k lkfgfR;d i=kdkfjrk crkrk gwa fd rks irk pyk fd dksbZ cPpk ;gha Hkkjr esa fdlh [kìs fxj x;k FkkA dSls igys ds i=kdkj lkfgR; dk mi;ksx viuh [kcjksa esa djrs FksA lqcg mBdj ns[kk fd Ng cts Hkh ogh [kcj] fnu esa ns[kk rks ogh ia- izrki ukjk;.k feJ us czkã.k if=kdk fudkyh FkhA ,d [kcj esa [kcj] nks fnu rd ml [kcj dks bruk pyk;k fd mlds ckn esjk os fy[krs gSa fd ß?kj dh esgfj;k dgk ugha ekurh gS] pys gSa nqfu;k de ls de bysDVªkWfud ek/;e ls rks eksg Hkax gks x;kA bysDVªksfud Hkj dks mins'k nsusA ?kj esa ,d xk; ugha laHkkyh tkrh] xkSjf{k.kh ehfM;k esa lkfgR;] laLd`fr] f'k{kk vkSj nwljh ljksdkjh [kcjksa ds lHkk LFkkfir djsaxsA ,d lwV ns'kh diM+s dk ugha gS] ij cus gSa ns'k fy, txg ugha gSA eSaus lkspk fd lcls igys Vhoh dh [kcjsa ns[kuk fgrS"khAÞ ;s ml le; dh Hkk"kk 'kSyh Fkh] ysfdu vkt geus viuh can djks vkSj lkfgR; okil i<+uk 'kq: djksA nwljh ?kVuk gS] vHkh Hkk"kkvkas dk gzkl fd;k gSA mUgsa uhps dh vksj ysdj x;s gSaA /keZohj gky esa vesfjdk ds jk"Vªifr vksckek Hkkjr vk,A fganh ds T;knkrj Hkkjrh us tc /keZ;qx lEHkkyk Fkk rc mldh izlkj la[;k Fkh] 60 pSuYl us [kcj fn[kk jgs Fks fd mudh lqj{kk ds fy;s tks nks dqÙks gtkj izfr;kaA 1980 vkrs&vkrs mldh izlkj la[;k c<+dj rhu vk;s gSa] os lqj{kk dh n`f"V ls fdrus ikjaxr gaSA tcfd gksuk ;s yk[k izfr;ka gks xbZA ysfdu] VkbEl vkWQ bafM;k ds u;s ekfyd us pkfg, Fkk fd vesfjdk ds lkFk gekjs lEcU/k dSls vPNs gksaxs\ igys lcls igys /keZ;qx] lkfjdk] ijkx tSlh lc if=kdkvksa dks can dj ge :l ds fudV Fks vkSj vc ge vesfjdk ds fudV gSaA bldk


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fn;kA dgk fd ;s fcd ugha ldrhaA D;ksa ugha fcd ldrha\ 60 fudyrh gSA tSls nfyr if=kdk gS rks mlesa flQZ oSls gh eqn~ns gksaxsA gtkj ls rhu yk[k izlkj la[;k D;k ,sls gh gks xbZ Fkh\ njvly] tcfd mls lexzrk dks lesVdj ikBdksa ds lkeus vkuk pkfg,A ekfyd us v[kckjksa dks mRikn cukus dh dksf'k'k 'kq: dj nh FkhA lc fo"k;ksa dk lekos'k if=kdk esa gksuk pkfg,A v[kckjksa esa igys mUgksaus dgk fd v[kckjksa esa vc gesa laiknd pkfg, ugha] gesa rks lkfgfR;d fo'ks"kkad cgqr vkrs FksA izfrf"Br lekpkj i=k lans'k ds izksMDV eSustj pkfg, tks flQZ mRikn cuk dj ns ldrk gS vkSj mls lIyhesaV T;knkrj lkfgR; ds gksrs Fks] lc can gks x;sA ikBdksa dks csp ldrk gSA muds fy;s rks cfu;s dh nqdku ij rjktw ysdj cSBus blds fy, laikndksa dks i=k fy[kus pkfg,A ekfydksa ls ckr djuk eas phuh cspks] pkgs v[kckj cspks] nksuksa cjkcj gSA lkfgfR;d pkfg, vkSj ;s lc gksxk rks mlls lekt dk Hkyk gksxkA lcls cM+h i=kdkfjrk ds fcuk] ge ;s eku ysa fd tks vkxs vkus okyh ih<+h gS ckr gS fd ge lkfgfR;d i=kdkfjrk dks ftank j[k lds rks ns'k dh og Hkz"V gksxhA D;ksafd lkfgR; ,d ubZ fn'kk iznku djrk gSA vkSj ubZ ih<+h dh lsok gksxhAlkfgR; ugha gksxk rks ge viuh vkus okyh ih<+h dks D;k nsaxs\ gekjs fou; ds p;u ls [kq'kh gqbZ% fxjh'k iadt ikl VsDuksykWth cgqr gksxh] ysfdu ge dqN ugha dj ik,axsA fou; mik/;k; vkSj ge yksx o"kkZsa ls lkfgfR;d blfy;s esjk ,slk ekuuk gS fd ljdkj dks lkfgfR;d i=kdkfjrk dk i=kdkfjrk esa lkFk&lkFk fy[krs gSa] u dsoy Hkkjr esa] cfYd fons'kksa laj{k.k djuk pkfg,A lkekU; v[kckjksa dks ftl rjg ls foKkiu esa Hkh ,d lkFk r; djds cgqr dqN ckrsa dh gSaA tc fou; fn;s tkrs gSa] mUgsa dbZ rjg dh NwV nh tkrh gS] mUgsa VsDuksykWth mik/;k; dks ;gka lEekfur fd;k x;k] eq>s cgqr [kq'kh gqbZA eSaus vk;kr djus ds fy;s tks iSlk fn;k tkrk gS] mUgas lfClMh nh tkrh dgk HkkbZ dk dke cksyrk gSA eSa Hkh ,d if=kdk cgqr igys ls gS] mUgsa VSDl esa NwV nh tkrh gSA ;s lkfgfR;d if=kdkvksa dks Hkh nsaA fudky jgk gwa] ln~Hkkouk niZ.kA ,d teh&tekbZ ukSdjh NksM+ djds] D;ksafd fcuk lkfgR; ds dkQh uqdlku gksxkA ;gka ij ,d ckr HkkLdj dk flVh phQ gksus ds ckn tks eksg Hkax gqvk rks eSaus vkSj dguk pkgwaxk fd lkfgfR;d if=kdk fdlh ,d ek;us ij gh

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lkfgfR;d i=kdkfjrk 'kq: dksbZ ghjks QVh gqbZ thal igudj inZs ij fn[kkbZ nsrk gS rks iwjs ns'k ds dhA ;g cM+k dfBu dke yM+ds&yM+fd;ka QVk gqvk diM+k igudj ?kweus yxrs gSaA cktkj FkkA ysfdu] fou; vkSj ckWyhoqM bl rjg ls gesa gkf'k;s ij ys vk;k gS fd ge viuh mik/;k; dh rkjhQ esa ijaijk vkSj viuh laLd`fr dks Hkwyus yxs gSaA ,sls le; esa eq>s dguk pkgrk gwa fd budh yxrk gS fd ^dyk le;* tSlh if=kdk dk gksuk ,d lkef;d] if=kdk ^dyk le;* dk lkaLd`frd ?kVuk ds :i esa ntZ fd;k tkuk pkfg,A jax laokn ys&vkmV] mldk xsV&vi if=kdk Hkh Jh mik/;k; fudky jgs gSa] mlesa xaHkhjrk ds lkFk foe'kZ ns[kdj cM+h izsj.kk feyrh gksrk gSA ;s nksuksa egRoiw.kZ mnkgj.k gSaA lat; f}osnh us dgk esjs FkhA ^dyk le;* ds miU;kl ̂ xk; dh vkRedFkk* ls izsfjr gksdj ,d eqfLye QSt [kku

vkoj.k i`"B ij ,d ckj 'osr&';ke fp=k ns[kk rks yxk fd dksbZ dFkkokpd gks x,A eq>s bruk larks"k gqvk fd eSaus dqN fy[kk vkSj if=kdk flQZ jaxhu gksus ls gh if=kdk ugha gksrhA CySd ,aM OgkbV Hkh ,d eqfLye dks og miU;kl bruk Hkk;k fd mlus viuk dSfj;j C;wVh gS] ;g le> fou; HkkbZ esa FkhA mUgksaus if=kdk dks dbZ ckj nkao ij yxk fn;kA dkWyst dh ukSdjh NksM+dj og xkS dFkk;sa dgrk jaxhu rks dbZ ckj 'osr&';ke Hkh fudkykA fou; mik/;k; ds gSA ysfdu] gekjs cgqr lkjs fe=k ,sls gSa tks cksyrs gSa fd xk; ij infpUgksa ij pydj eSa Hkh if=kdk fudkyrk gwaA ehfM;k foe'kZ us rqeus fy[k fn;k gSA ;g rks ̂ xs* ij fy[kus dk le; gSA ;s bruk fou; HkkbZ dk p;u fd;k rks eq>s cgqr [kq'kh gqbZ] mUgsa lEeku dVk{k gks x;k fd vki xk; ij ckr djsaxs] viuh xkS dyk ij ckr feyrs jgs gSaA djsaxs] vius pwYgs pkSds dh ckr djsaxs] viuh feêh dh ckr djsaxs rks

vkidk migkl mM+k;k tk,xkA cgqr [krjukd le; gS] blfy;s eq>s yxrk gS fd gekjh tks ikjaifjd dyk;sa gSa] yksd ,sls le; esa vxj ehfM;k foe'kZ tSlh if=kdk] lat; f}osnh vkSj dyk;sa gSa] mu ij vkØe.k dk ,d le; vk x;k gSA nks eghus muds reke fu.kkZ;d eaMy vxj dyk dks lefiZr if=kdk dks igys isfjl esa dkVwZu dyk dh if=kdk pkyhZ ,Cnka ij geyk gqvk] u vfHkuafnr djrs gSa] mldk p;u djrs gSa rks eq>s yxrk gS fd mldks dsoy geyk gqvk oju mlds laiknd lfgr 12 yksxksa dh gR;k dj p;fur djus dk tks iz;kl gS og vfHkuanuh; gSA eSa ehfM;k foe'kZ nh xbZA ;s oSf'od vkradokn gS] tks dyki{k ij Hkh geyk dj jgk dks cgqr&cgqr c/kkbZ nsrk gwa fd ,sls O;fDr dk mUgksaus p;u fd;k gSA vius Hkkjrh; ifjos'k dks ns[ksa rks eq>s yxrk gS fd vkradokn gSA yxs gkFk ;g ckr Hkh eSa crk nwa fd ehfM;k foe'kZ dh ifj;kstuk cktkjokn ds :i esa gekjh dykvksa esa bl rjg ls ?kj dj x;k gS fd jk;iqj esa cuh vkSj bl lEeku dh ifj;kstuk Hkh la;ksx ls esjs gh gekjh yksd dyk;sa] gekjs xkao] gekjh viuh laLd`fr /khjs&/khjs ln~Hkkouk niZ.k ds dk;kZy; esa cuhA eq>s ;g ns[kdj xoZ gksrk gS ejrh pyh tk jgh gSA vk'p;Z gqvk fiNys lky tc eSa vius dqN fd Hkksiky esa vkdj /khjs&/khjs bl if=kdk us viuk dSuokl bruk fe=kksa ds lkFk uDlyh {ks=k esa ;k=kk ij x;k FkkA oks yksxksa dks ekj cM+k fd;k fd ;g lEeku bruk izfrf"Br gks x;k fd lky Hkj nsrs gSa] i=kdkjksa dks ekj nsrs gSa] iqfyl dks ekj nsrs gSaA uDlyh rks izrh{kk jgrh gSA lkfgfR;d i=kdkfjrk ds ikBd izrh{kk djrs gSa fd ugha feys ysfdu xkao ds yksx feysA eSaus ns[kk fd cktkjokn ogka bl ckj fdls ;g lEeku feysxkA ,d ckr vkSj eSa dguk pkgwaxk fdl rjg ls ?kj dj x;k gSA yaxksVh iguus okyk vkfnoklh] fd la;ksx ls ;g dk;ZØe ehfM;k foe'kZ ds iqjks/kk lat; f}osnh ds cjewM+k eas vc fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA dqN yM+fd;ksa dks Hkh eSaus vk/kqfud tUefnu ij gksrk gSA ;g lcls vPNh ckr gS fd lat; f}osnh oL=kksa esa ns[kkA nksLrks bls QS'ku dh ,d QwgM+ udy gh dg ldrs vius nknk i- c`tyky f}osnh dks ;kn djrs gSaA os egt nknk dks gSaA eq>s yxrk gS fd ge if'pe dh udy esa udyph canj gks x, ;kn ugha djrs] viuh ih<+h dks ;kn djrs gSa] ,d iajijk dks ;kn gSaA gekjs yksd ioZ [kRe gksrs tk jgs gSaA gekjs ikjaifjd ok| ;a=k djrs gSaA muds uke dk lEeku nsdj] mudk vk'khokZn izkIr djrs xk;c gksrs tk jgs gSaA jhfeDl dk nkSj vk x;k gSA gekjs ?kjksa dh gSaA nksigj esa fo|kfFkZ;ksa }kjk lkaLd`frd izLrqfr dk dk;ZØe ns[kdj efgyk,a Hkh 'kknh&C;kg esa vk/kqfud xhrksa ds lgkjs u`R; djrh gSaA eSa nax jg x;kA u;s Nk=kksa dks ns[krk gwa rks cM+h ihM+k gksrh gS fd ;s ikjaifjd xhr xk;c gks x;s gaS] ikjaifjd u`R; xk;c gks x;s gSaA fdl rjg dh ih<+h rS;kj gks jgh gSA D;k ;s u;s Hkkjr ds fuekZ.k esa dykvksa ij bruk xgjk ladV bl le; vk;k gSA ;s blfy;s gqvk gS mruk lgk;d gks ik;saxs\ ysfdu tc eSaus ;gka ds cPpksa dks ns[kk] D;ksafd vk/kqfudrk dh nkSM+ gekjs tsgu esa cSB xbZ gSA ckWyhoqM dk


105

muds fopkj ns[ks vkSj mudk lkaLd`frd #>ku ns[kk] dyk ds izfr ns[krk gwa fd dksbZ vaxzsth miU;kl vkrk gS] mlesa laLd`fr fo#) mudk leiZ.k ns[kk rks eSaus mlh le; ;g lkspk fd ,slh ih<+h Hkh ckr gksrh gS rks jkrksa&jkr ys[kd dks ghjks cuk fn;k tkrk gSA gtkjksa vxj bl lekt dks feyrh gS rks bl jk"Vª dks csgrj jk"Vª cukus ls izfr;ka fcd tk,axh] ysfdu ,d xk; dh vkRedFkk tc fy[kh dksbZ rkdr ugha jksd ldrhA xq#&f'k"; ijaijk dk tks Lo:i ;gka tk,xh rks gks ldrk gS mldks le>us okys cgqr de jgsaxsA ;g tks eSaus ns[kk] cPpksa esa eSaus laLdkj ns[ks] xq# ds izfr ,slk vknj Hkko laØe.k dky dk nkSj gS] eq>s yxrk gS fd ,sls nkSj ls xqtjrs gq, cgqr de ns[kus dks feyrk gSA ;g og nkSj gS tc xq#] xq# ugha jgs] ijaijk ds lkFk tqM+dj vk/kqfudrk ds lkFk dke djuk gSA og ?kaVky gks x;s] ,sls le; eas dksbZ fo'kq) xq# fn[kkbZ nsrk gS vkSj mlh ijaijk tks ek[kuyky prqoZsnh us LFkkfir dh] og ijEijk tks ijaijk dk fn[kkbZ nsrk gS fd vius Nk=kksa ls fe=kor laca/k cuk, j[ks ijkMdj us LFkkfir] og ijaijk tks lizs us LFkkfir dh] mldks geas vkSj ,d&,d Nk=k dks tkuuk] mldh fQrjr tkuuk] mldh vk/kqfudrk dk :i nsuk gSA dgha u dgha gekjk tks Hkh ys[ku gks] tks detksfj;ka tkuuk] mldh fo'ks"krk tkuuk rks eq>s yxrk gS fd bl Hkh ge i=kdkfjrk djsa] mlds dsanz esa euq"; gksuk pkfg,A csgrj rjg ls xq#&f'k"; ds laca/k Hkh vxj cus jgsaxs rks vkus okys le; esa euq";] csgrj lekt] csgrj jk"Vª cukus dk iz;kl gesa viuh dye vPNs Nk=k Hkh fudysaxsA ,sls Nk=k tks i=kdkfjrk ls tqM+s gksa] ls djuk pkfg,A vxj ge dye ds ek/;e ls vesfjdh dqÙkkas dh tulapkj ek/;eksa ls tqM+s gSaA buesa ls dksbZ v[kckj ds n¶rj esa [kkfl;r crkrs tk;saxs rks ge vPNs euq";ksa dh [kkfl;r dc tk;sxk] dksbZ U;wt pSuy esa tk,xk vkSj lat; f}osnh tSls xq# tc crk;saxsA pdkpkSa/k dh i=kdkfjrk gks xbZ gS] tks dqÙkksa dks ns[k djds mudks fl[kk;saxs rks fu%lansg og Hkkjrh;rk dh ckr djsxk] og gh [kq'k gks tkrh gSA vijkf/k;ksa dks efgekeafMr djrh gSA ,slh viuh ijaijk dh ckr djsxk] og viuh laLd`fr dh ckr djsxkA i=kdkfjrk dh f'k{kk ls ijs gVdj ek[kuyky prqoZsnh jk"Vªh; fu"i{k :i ls fy[ksxkA fyo bu fjys'kuf'ki dh ckr vxj vk,xh i=kdkfjrk ,oa lapkj fo'ofo|ky; ds Nk=k vxj jpukRed rks ml ij Hkh fopkj&foe'kZ djsxk fd lekt dgka tk jgk gSA eSa i=kdkfjrk dh fn'kk eas izo`Ùk gks jgs gSa rks eSa ,sls Nk=kksa dk vfHkuanu

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djrk gwa] lat; f}osnh dk vfHkuanu djrk gwa vkSj ,d ckj var esa x, gSaA ysfdu blds ckotwn v[kckj ds fcuk gekjh lqcg ugha fQj iafMr c`tyky f}osnh iqjLdkj izkIr fou; mik/;k; dks gksrh gSA fcuk v[kckj i<+s fnup;kZ 'kq: ugha gksrhA rks dgha u dgha cgqr&cgqr c/kkbZ nsrk gwaA i=kdkfjrk dk ;k mlds egRo dk mYys[k gSA vkt lHkh v[kckjksa

ds laLdj.k c<+rs tk jgs gSa] tks igys Hkksiky ls fudy jgk gksxk] og ubZ ih<+h dks fou;th ls feysxh izsj.kk%vc vU; txgksa ls Hkh 'kq: gks x;k gSA mÙkj izns'k esa rks v[kckjksa ds txnfEcdk ikyftyk'k% laLdj.k gks x, gSaA ;kuh vki viuh [kcj [kqn if<+;s] [kqn

;g esjk lkSHkkX; nsf[k;sA vkids ftys dh [kcj nwljs ftys esa ugha ns[kh tk ldrhA

gS fd dk;ZØe esjs ?kj dk bls ns[kdj ge dg ldrs gSa fd bysDVªksfud pSuYl ds lkFk gh

dk;ZØe gSA blfy;s eSa lekpkj&i=kksa dh Hkwfedk Hkh cM+h egRoiw.kZ gSA vki ;dhu dfj;s

bl dk;ZØe esa eq[; fd laln esa tks eqn~ns mBk;s tkrs gSa] mudk fizaV vkSj bysDVªkWfud

vfrfFk ds :i esa ugha ehfM;k ls dgha u dgha rkYyqd jgrk gSA turk ds fgr esa v[kckj

ifjokj ds lnL; ds :i esa vki dksbZ ys[k fy[krs gSa rks laln esa og cgl dk dkj.k curk gS

esa 'kkfey gqvk gwaA bl vkSj ml ij ljdkj dks tokc Hkh nsuk iM+rk gSA ehfM;k esa

vk;kstu esa e/;izns'k] izdkf'kr vkSj izlkfjr ,d ys[k ;k lekpkj ds dkj.k turk ls

NÙkhlx<+ vkSj mÙkj tqM+k eqn~nk laln ds jkLrs iwjs ns'k ds le{k vk tkrk gSA vkt Hkh eSa

Hkkjr ds lkfgR; dyk ds ekurk gwa fd tks dke gekjh laln ugha dj ikbZa] tks dke cgqr lh

iqjks/kk vkSj l'kDr gLrk{kj mifLFkr gSaA eSa mÙkjizzns'k dh rjQ ls laLFkk,a ugha dj ikbZa] vki nsf[k;s oks dke fuf'pr rkSj ls ehfM;k

lcls igys vkt lEekfur gksus okys lkfgR;] laLd`fr vkSj dyk ds us fd;k gSA pkgs dksyxsV gks] pkgs dkWeuoSYFk xse ?kksVkyk gks] laln

izeq[k O;fDr fou; mik/;k; dks c/kkbZ nsrk gwaA vkt dh 'kke us ugha cfYd ehfM;k esa vkus ij ;s turk ds lkeus vk,A vkt

ftlds uke gSa ¼fou; mik/;k;½ mUgha ds ckjs esa dguk pkgwaxkA ehfM;k dk jksy cgqr egRoiw.kZ gks x;k gSA vkt ge lc Vªk;y ls

mUgksaus vius O;fDrRo dks] d`frRo dks cM+h fouezrk ls vkids cp ldrs gSa ysfdu xyrh djus ij ehfM;k Vªk;y ls dksbZ ugha cpk

lkeus izLrqr fd;k gSA [kaMok ds lkaLd`frd eap ij lkfgR; ldrkA

xksf"B;ksa mUgksaus cpiu ls cgqr&lh foHkwfr;ksa dks ns[kk&lquk gSA fou; mik/;k; }kjk laikfnr if=kdk ̂ dyk le;* vkt

mUgksaus dgk fd bu foHkwfr;ksa dk mUgksaus vuqlj.k fd;kA eSa lanHkZ if=kdk cu pqdh gSA ;qok ih<+h ml if=kdk ls i<+ djds

le>rk gwa fd vuqlj.k ls T;knk vkids eu esa fopkj iSnk gqvk] fy[kus dh 'kSyh lh[k jgh gS] ;g cM+h ckr gSA fou; mik/;k; ftl

vkius vkRelkr fd;kA ml fo/kk dks vkRelkr djds vkius rjg ls if=kdk dks izdkf'kr dj jgs gSa eSa fuf'pr rkSj ij mudks

i=kdkfjrk 'kq: dh vkSj i=kdkfjrk ds ewY;ksa ls le>kSrk ugha fd;k c/kkbZ nsrk gwaA tc bl {ks=k eas dkQh yksx fudysaxs rks muesa dqN

vkSj fQj vkius viuh ^dyk le;* vkSj ^jax laokn* if=kdk dk fou; mik/;k; tSls yksx gksaxs] ftUgsa ns[kdj larks"k gksxkA bl ekSds

laiknu djuk 'kq: fd;kA viuh ys[ku 'kSyh ds ek/;e ls vkius ij [kklrkSj ls vius vuqt lat; f}osnh th vkSj mudh iRuh dks

oks eqdke gkfly fd;k gS fd ftl rjg ls vkius fo}kuksa dk uke c/kkbZ nsuk pkgwaxkA eq>s lq[kn yx jgk gS fd mRrjizns'k ds NksVs ls

fy;k gS] vkus okyh ihf<+;ka vkidk uke ysaxhA vki ml ih<+h ds ftys cLrh ls fudyk vkneh lkfgfR;d i=kdkfjrk ds {ks=k esa

izsj.kk lzksr cusaxsA fuf'pr rkSj ls muds fy;s vki ,d izdkj ls vuqdj.kh; dk;Z dj jgk gSA lkfgfR;d i=kdkfjrk dks lEeku ns

LraHk gksaxsA muds fy;s vki ,d felky gksaxsA jgk gSA eSa dguk pkgwaxk d cLrh cgqr NksVh txg gSA cLrh dks

vius Hkk"k.k esa cgqr ls yksxksa us bl ckr ij fpark O;Dr cLrh dgwa rks dk dks dgwa mtkM+A tc ge yksx dgrs gSa fd ge cLrh

dh fd vkt dh i=kdkfjrk esa tks phtsa vokaNuh; gSa mudks Hkh cgqr ds gSa rks yksx dgrs gSa fd cLrh dk dksbZ uke rks gksxkA yksx le>rs

T;knk rjthg nh tk jgh gSA ;g ,d igyw gks ldrk gSA eSa eku gaS fd cLrh dksbZ eksgYyk gSA dbZ ckj ge yksxkas ds lkeus ;g

ldrk gwa ysfdu eSa iw.kZr% blls lger ugha gwaA eSa dguk pkgwaxk fd vlgt fLFkfr vk tkrh gS fd ge cLrh dk D;k uke crk;saA fQj

bysDVªkWfud ehfM;k dk bruk foLrkj gks x;k gS fd lSdM+ksa pSuy gks ge yksx dgrs gSa ftys dk uke cLrh gSA yksx vk'p;Z ls Hkj mBrs


107

gSaA ,sls NksVs ftys cLrh ls ge yksx rkYyqd j[krs gSaA Hkksiky ds ls gksxh ysfdu fuf'pr rkSj ls tc igpku gksxh rks ogh ped gksxh fo"k; esa dguk pkgwaxk fd tSls ns'k dh iz'kklfud jkt/kkuh fnYyh tks fou; mik/;k; dh gSAgS] vkfFkZd jkt/kkuh eqEcbZ gS oSls gh ns'k dh lkfgfR;d vkSj foe'kZ ls gksrk gS ckSf)d fodkl%lkaLd`frd jkt/kkuh Hkksiky gSA ml Hkksiky esa esjs 'kgj ds ,d izks- c`t fd'kksj dqfB;kykO;fDr us vius ije iwT; nknk th ia- c`tyky f}osnh dh Le`fr esa

;g dk;ZØe ,d lEeku lekjksg 'kq: fd;k gSA bl lEeku ds cgkus mUgksaus

,d okf"kZd mRlo gS] Hkksiky esa ,d txg ij e/;izns'k] jk;iqj] fnYyh lfgr ns'k Hkj ls

ftlesa lkekftd foe'kZ fo}ku] lkfgR;dkj vkSj i=kdkjksa dks bdëk fd;k gSA eSa Hkh

vkSj leh{kk dk laxe mRrjizns'k dh jkt/kkuh y[kuÅ esa jgrk gwaA eq>s dgus esa dksbZ

gksrk gSA foe'kZ dyk ladksp ugha gS fd y[kuÅ gks] iVuk gks] dk'kh gks ;k t;iqj gks]

dh leh{kk dk lEeku fdUgha phtksa esa mudh [;kfr gks ldrh gSA ysfdu] vkt lkfgR; ds

djrk gSA lekt dk tks {ks=k esa] dyk ds {ks=k esa] laLd`fr ds {ks=k esa Hkksiky us viuk ,d

ckSf)d fodkl gS] og LFkku cuk;k gSA ehfM;k foe'kZ us vkt fou; th dk lEeku ugha

cgl ls ugha gksrk gS] fd;k gS mlus fou; th ds ek/;e ls ubZ ih<+h dks izsj.kk nh gS fd

og foraMkokn ls Hkh ugha gksrk] og thrus dh okrkZ ls ugha gksrk gS] vxj Hkfo"; esa vki fdlh pdkpkSa/k esa ugha tkvksxs] lQyrk ds

og rks foe'kZ ls gksrk gS vkSj ogh foe'kZ lat; f}osnh ,d if=kdk ihNs ugha Hkkxksxs rks LokHkkfod gS fd dfBu Mxj gksxh] igpku nsj

ds ek/;e ls o"kkZsa ls dj jgs gSaA dqN o"kkZsa ls mUgksaus bl dk;ZØe esa

108


leh{kk dk lEeku djuk izkjaHk fd;k gSA D;ksafd] foe'kZ dh leh{kk fn'kk nsus dk dke fo}kuksa dk gSA fou; th us bl foe'kZ dks ,d vfuok;Z gSA foe'kZ dh leh{kk D;k gS] foe'kZ ds fo"k; D;k gSa vkSj fn'kk nh gS blhfy;s vkt foe'kZ us leh{kk dk lEeku fd;k gSA foe'kZ dh fn'kk gksuh D;k pkfg,] vxj bl rjQ /;ku ugha fn;k gekjh ;qok ih<+h dks ,d ckr le> ysuh pkfg, fd daVsaV x;k rks vo'; gh fn'kk dks [kksus okyk foe'kZ gksxkA esjs iwoZ MsoyiesaV dk ;qx vk x;k gSA vkt daVsaV eSustesaV vko';d gSA oDrkvksa us i=kdkfjrk vkSj ehfM;k dks ,d ,sls ifjos'k esa izLrqr vkidks 'kCnksa vkSj fp=kksa ds ek/;e ls lekt dks dqN nsuk gSA fd;k fd lc dqN cgqr gh [kjkc gS] u"V gksus okyk gSA fe=kksa ,d ysfdu] tc vki 'kCnksa ds O;kikj ds pDdj eas Qal tkrs gSa rks dgha ckr Li"V :i ls le>uh pkfg, fd Vsyhfotu dk fjeksV fdlds u dgha lekt dks gkfu gksrh gSA vkt Hkh vPNh lkexzh i<+h tk jgh gkFk esa gSA Vsyhfotu dh Vªkalfe'ku rks fdlh ,d laLFkk ds gkFk esa gSA ftu ?kjksa esa i<+kbZ dk ekgkSy gS] ogka ,d ls vf/kd lekpkji=k gks ldrh gS] Vsyhfotu dh dk;ZØe fuekZ.k dh tks iwath gS og rks vkrs gSa vkSj ml ?kj esa Vsyhfotu esa 600 ls T;knk pSuy dks ns[kus fdlh laLFkk ds gkFk esa gks ldrh gS ijarq fjeksV rks esjs vkSj vkids dh lqfo/kk gksrh gS] ubZ fjlpZ us fl) fd;k gS fd ,sls 70 izfr'kr gkFk esa gSA vkidks r; djuk gS fd D;k ns[kuk gS\ blh rjg ;g Hkh ?kjksa esa de ls de nks if=kdk,a ,slh vkrh gSa tks ckSf)d gksrh gSa] vkidks gh r; djuk gS fd lqcg dkSu&lk lekpkj i=k mBkuk gS /kkfeZd gksrh gSa ;k fdlh u fdlh rjg ls fdlh izksQs'ku dks ;k vkSj ml lekpkj i=k esa dkSu&lk i`"B vkSj D;k i<+uk gSA ;s ,fFkDl dks crkus okyh gksrh gSaA fjlpZ us ;s Hkh fl) fd;k gS fd ckSf)drk] ckSf)d le> vkSj foosd vxj geesa vk;k rks dksbZ Hkh ifjokj dk gj O;fDr ml if=kdk dks i<+rk gSA oks fdlh vkSj fdlh Hkh izdkj dk udkjkRed ehfM;k gekjs lekt dks gkfu lar&egkRek dh if=kdk gks ldrh gS] vkidh tkfr ds mRFkku dh ugha igqapk ldrk gSA fiNys dqN o"kkZsa ls bl ckr dks fl) fd;k if=kdk gks ldrh gS] oks fdlh /kkfeZd fo'okl dh if=kdk gks ldrh x;k gSA lc dqN gksus ds ckotwn esjk vkSj vkidk ns'k vkxs c<+ jgk gS] fdlh izksQs'ku dh if=kdk gks ldrh gSA ijarq mldk izHkko cgqr gSA esjs vkSj vkids ns'k dk tks ;qok gS og vkt vk'kkoku gS] og iwjs gSA mldh ppkZ de gSA mldh Vhvkjih dh ckr ugha gSA mldks fo'o esa viuk uke dekrk gqvk fn[k jgk gSA blfy;s tc ge lekt vius vkils latksdj j[krk gS] lekt mldk iks"k.k djrk dgrs gSa fd 'kCn czã gS vkSj 'kCn Hkze Hkh gSA 'kCn Hkzetky Hkh gSA blfy;s cgqr T;knk ?kcjkus dh ckr ugha gSA ;qok ih<+h us rks QSykrk gS vkSj 'kCn czãtky Hkh QSykrk gS] banztky Hkh QSykrk gSA leh{kkRed vkSj laf{kIr fy[kuk izkjaHk dj fn;k gSA ,d le; esa dgha u dgha tc ge bl ckr dh le> j[krs gSa] cqf) j[krs gSa] bl ,d vui<+ O;fDr dks vaxwBk Nki dgk tkrk FkkA vkt rks iwjh dh ckr dk foosd j[krs gSa fd 'kCn dk iz;ksx gesa tksM+us ds fy;s djuk iwjh ih<+h vaxwBk Nki gS D;ksafd vaxwBs ls gh og OgkV~lvi dks gS] rksM+us ds fy;s ugha djuk gSA l`tu ds fy;s djuk gS] u"V djus vkWijsV djrh gSA vius eksckby ij nqfu;k Hkj dh [kcjsa vaxwBs ls ds fy;s ugha djuk gSA tc ge bl rjg ds dk;ZØeksa esa vkrs gSa] gh i<+rh gSA eq>s yxrk gS fd bl rjg ds dk;ZØeksa eas vxj vf/kd gekjk ;qok fo|kFkhZ tks ehfM;k esa dy tkus okyk gS] og tc bl ls vf/kd ;qok vkSj vf/kd ls vf/kd fo}ku] ys[kd vkSj rjg ds foe'kZ dk lgHkkxh gksrk gS] mldks ns[krk gS] lqurk gS] rks lkfgR;dkj vkil esa cSBdj okrkZ djsa] ,d nwljs dh ckr dks lqus mlds eu esa ,d ftKklk curh gS fd esjk Hkfo"; D;k gS vkSj eq>s rks lekt ds fy;s gekjk nkf;Ro dk ,d tks cks/k gS] mldks ,d vius Hkfo"; eas] vius lekt ds Hkfo"; esa D;k Hkwfedk fuHkkuh gS\ jkLrk feysxkA rks bl rjg ds foe'kkZsa esa mldks ,d fn'kk feyrh gSA ml fn'kk dks dk;ZØe dk lapkyu MkW- lqHknzk jkBkSj us fd;kA vkHkkj nsus dk gh dke lat; gj o"kZ djrs gSaA ,d cgqpfpZr ckr dh tkrh izn'kZu MkW- lkSjHk ekyoh; us fd;kA if=kdk ds dk;Zdkjh laiknd gS fd ehfM;k O;kikj gks x;k gSA dgk tk, rks cM+h [krjukd ckr lat; f}osnh us vfrfFk;ksa dks Le`fr fpUg HksaV fd,A bl ekSds ij gS] cM+h pqukSrhiw.kZ ckr gS fd vxj lekt dk laokn ,d O;kikj dk MkW- fot;cgknqj flag] izks- jes'k nos] dSyk'kpanz iar] lqcks/k fo"k; cu x;k gS] 'kCn dk O;kikj gksuk izkjaHk gks x;k vkSj O;kikj JhokLro] f'kodqekj vpZu] MkW- jekdkar JhokLro] ujsUnz tSu] dks cspus ds fy;s tks rjhds viuk;s tk jgs gSa] ogh rjhds 'kCn dks egs'k lDlsuk] vfuy pkScs] e/kqdj f}osnh] MkW- lquhrk [k=kh] egsanz cspus ds fy;s viuk;s tk jgs gSa] rks dgha u dgha fpark dk fo"k; gSA xxu] MkW- ifo=k JhokLro] MkW- ih-'kf'kdyk] MkW- vfouk'k oktis;h ml fpark ds fo"k; dks lk/kus ds fy;s gekjs ikl D;k fodYi gSa\ lfgr Hkksiky ds vusd izcq) yksx ekStwn FksA rc lkewfgd foe'kZ ls fo}rtu fodYi ns ldrs gSaA foe'kZ dks q


109

vk;kstuyksdsUnz flag

Hkksiky] 7 QjojhA lkr iwoZ fo|kfFkZ;ksa us fd;k] ftuesa vkj-ts-vukfn ¼jsM ,Q,e] Hkksiky½] ys[kd ,oa ehfM;k xq# lat; f}osnh }kjk laikfnr nks iqLrdksa ̂ vtkr'k=kq izkph etwenkj ¼fganqLrku VkbEl] Hkksiky½] jkgqy pkSdls ¼ihiqYl vP;qrkuan* vkSj ̂ ehfM;k] Hkwe.Myhdj.k vkSj lekt* dk foekspu fd;k lekpkj] Hkksiky½] iadt dqekj lko ¼HkkLdj MkV dke] jkaph½] euh"k x;kA bl ekSds ij laiknd Jh f}osnh us dgk fd nksuksa iqLrdsa jpukRed vxzoky ¼ubZ nqfu;k] bankSj½] gsear ikf.kxzkgh ¼txnyiqj½ vkSj iadt vkSj l`tukRed i=kdkfjrk ds iqjks/kkvksa dks lefiZr gSaA iqLrdksa dk xqIrk ¼tutu tkxj.k] Hkksiky½ 'kkfey gSaAfoekspu ek[kuyky prqosZnh i=kdkfjrk fo'ofo|ky; ds iwoZ fo|kfFkZ;ksa blh rjg nwljh fdrkc ̂ ehfM;k] Hkwe.Myhdj.k vkSj lekt* us fd;k] tks bu fnuksa ns'k ds fofHkUu ehfM;k ek/;eksa esa dk;Zjr gSaA dk foekspu loZJh dk yksdkiZ.k la;qä :i ls lkr iwoZ fo|kfFkZ;ksa us dk;ZØe dk vk;kstu lkr Qjojh dks Hkksiky fLFkr xka/kh Hkou esa fd;k fd;k ftuesa la;qäk cuthZ ¼HkkLdj fMftVy] Hkksiky½] vfer flag x;kA bl ekSds ij fnYyh] NÙkhlx<+] vka/kzizns'k] e/;izns'k] >kj[k.M] ¼vktrd] fnYyh½ pSrU; panu ¼ Mkmu Vw vFkZ] fnYyh½] jktho dqekj fcgkj vkSj mÙkjizns'k 'kgjksa ls vk, ehfM;kdehZ] cqf)thoh ,oa xka/kh ¼lk/kuk Vhoh] jk;iqj½] dkS'ky oekZ ¼fnYyh½] izse jke f=kikBh ¼LVkj i=kdkfjrk ds fo|kFkhZ ekStwn FksA lekpkj] lruk½] nhid dqekj ¼fcgkj iqfyl½ 'kkfey gSaA nksuksa iqLrdsa

ys[kd ,oa laiknd Jh lat; f}osnh yxHkx nks n'kd ls ubZ fnYyh ds izdk'kd ;'k ifCyds'kal us izdkf'kr dh gSaA ^vtkr'k=kq i=kdkfjrk ,oa ys[ku ds {ks=k esa lfØ; gSa rFkk dbZ ehfM;k laLFkkuksa esa vP;qrkuan* iqLrd tulÙkk ds iwoZ laiknd vkSj ek[kuyky prqosZnh egRoiw.kZ inksa ij jgs gSaA orZeku esa os ek[kuyky prqosZnh jk"Vªh; jk"Vªh; i=kdkfjrk fo'ofo|ky; ds iwoZ dqyifr vP;qrkuan feJ ij ,d i=kdkfjrk ,oa lapkj fo'ofo|ky;] Hkksiky ds tulapkj foHkkx ds egRoiw.kZ nLrkost gSA iqLrd esa fofHkUu fo}kuksa ds fy[ks 30 vkys[k v/;{k gSaA Jh f}osnh fujarj ys[ku vkSj laiknu esa dk;Zjr gSaA muds 'kkfey gSaA loZJh jkecgknqj jk;] fo'oukFk lpnso] in~eJh jes'kpanz }kjk lEikfnr iqLrd ̂vtkr'k=kq vP;qrkuan* dk yksdkiZ.k la;qä :i ls 'kkg] in~eJh fot;nÙk Jh/kj] dSyk'kpanz iar] j?kq Bkdqj] izks- c`t fd'kksj

ehfM;k foe'kZ ds rRoko/kku esa vk;ksftr lekjksg esa

lat; f}osnh }kjk laikfnr nks iqLrdksa dk foekspu,d iqLrd i=kdkj vP;qrkuan feJ vkSj nwljh ehfM;k ij dsfUnzr

110


iqLrd % ehfM;k HkweaMyhdj.k vkSj lektlaiknd% lat; f}osnhizdk'kd% ;'k ifCyds'kal

1@11848] iap'khy xkMZu] uohu 'kkgnjk] fnYyh 110032

ewY;% #i;s& 495@&] i`"B& 207@&

iqLrd % vtkr'k=kq vP;qrkuanlaiknd% lat; f}osnhizdk'kd% ;'k ifCyds'kal

1@11848] iap'khy xkMZu] uohu 'kkgnjk] fnYyh 110032

ewY;% #i;s& 395@&i`"B& 144@&

dqfB;kyk] jes'k uS;j] MkW- lfPpnkuan tks'kh] vHk; izrki] lar lehj lfgr dbZ izeq[k yksxksa us vP;qrkuan feJ ds O;fäRo ds fofHkUu igyqvksa ij izdk'k Mkyk gSA

nwljh iqLrd ^ehfM;k] Hkwe.Myhdj.k vkSj lekt* lewph i=kdkfjrk ds {ks=k esa vk, cnykoksa dks mtkxj djrh gqbZ fn[krh gSA laiknd lat; f}osnh dgrs gSa fd ßHkwe.Myhdj.k ds ckn ns'k ds ehfM;k dh fLFkfr;ksa esa cgqr cnyko vk, gSaA lp dgsa rks iwjh nqfu;k gh cny xbZ gSA ,sls esa Hkwe.Myhdj.k ds pyrs fofo/k {ks=kksa esa iM+s izHkkoksa dk vkdyu ehfM;k izk/;kidksa] i=kdkjksa] fpardksa vkSj fo}kuksa us bl iqLrd esa fd;k gSAÞ iqLrd esa fofHkUu fo}kuksa ds 34 vkys[k 203 rhu i`"Bksa esa lekfgr gSaA MkW- jkexksiky flag] ih- lkbZaukFk] v"VHkqtk 'kqDy] izks- dey nhf{kr] MkW- lq'khy f=kosnh] vkuan iz/kku] MkW- Jhdkar flag] MkW- ofrZdk uank] vfuy pefM+;k] MkW- gjh'k vjksM+k] MkW- lqHknzk jkBkSj] vadqj fot;oxhZ;] yksdsUnz flag vkSj _rs'k pkS/kjh lfgr vU; fo}kuksa us bl iqLrd esa ehfM;k esa vk, cnykoksa dks js[kkafdr fd;k gSA nksuksa iqLrdsa fuf'pr gh i=kdkfjrk ls tqM+s ckSf)d txr vkSj i=kdkfjrk ds fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds fy, mi;ksxh lkfcr gksaxhA q


111

fo'ks"k fVIi.khfoosd lkojhdj ê`nqy*

vkt ¼7 Qjojh] 2015½ esjs Hkzkròr fe=k vkSj ofj"B dh dksbZ U;wlsal oSY;w Hkh ugha Fkh fd [kcj Nkirs gh dksbZ /kudqcsj dyk laiknd fou; mik/;k; dks iafMr c`tyky f}osnh Le`fr vius dks"k dk }kj [kksy nsA jktuhfrd ^xIickth* vkSj oYyHk vf[ky Hkkjrh; lkfgfR;d i=kdkfjrk lEeku& 2015 ls lEekfur Hkou vkfn ea=kky;ksa esa fdlh vkyk vQlj ds lkFk pk;&ppkZ ds fd;k tk jgk gSA ;g lEeku ehfM;k foe'kZ ifjokj vkSj izdkjkarj fupksM+ ;k dkWQh gkml cgl ds vkdyuksa dks ̂ Ldwi* dh rjg is'k ls yC/kizfr"B ys[kd&fopkjd vkSj ek[kuyky prqoZsnh jk"Vªh; fd;k tkus yxk vkSj 'kke dks Fkkuksa esa Qksu dkWy ls izkIr #fVuh i=kdkfjrk ,oa lapkj fo'ofo|ky; ¼,elh;w½ ds tulapkj foHkkx vijk/k [kcjksa dks pkj dkWye esa Nik tkus yxkA 'kk;n blhfy, ds v/;{k lat; f}osnh th ds HkxhjFk iz;klksa ls fou; th dks fey fou; us v[kckj dh ukSdjh dks jke&jke dgrs gq, viuh jgk gSA ;g ckr blfy, xkSjryc gS fd fou; ,d dyk leh{kd if=kdk&dyk le; dks vf/kd oä nsus dk eul cuk;k gksxkAvkSj laLd`frdehZ gSaA ;kuh dh dyk] lkfgR; vkSj laLd`fr ds lqjE; dyk leh{kdksa vkSj dyk&laLd`fr fjiksVZjksa dk ,d cM+k miou pdh ltZuk] j{kk vkSj izfr"Bk djrs gSaA bl miou dk naMuh; vijk/k ;g ekuk tkrk jgk fd budh #fp /kjuk&izn'kZu foLrkj fdlh izns'k ;k ns'k ugha fo'o ds dksus&dksus rd gSA tgk¡ ]vkSj rRle dojst esa ugha jgrhA pqukaps v[kckj ds n¶rjksa esa 'kgj rd lekt dh bdkb;ka clh gaS] tgk¡ Hkh euq"; ds thou dks lqUnj izeq[k dk #rck gkfly djus okys xq#&ekdkZ mi laiknd le; vkSj ekuoh; cukus dh ckr mBrh gS] fou; mik/;k; dh ikdhtxh le; ij bu laLd`fr fjiksVZjksa dh ukd esa udsy Mkyus ds fy, mUgsa Hkjh lkaLd`frd n`f"V] dyk dh dksey&rjy Hkkoukvksa ds lkFk ml /kjuk] izn'kZu] jSfy;ksa vkSj py lekjksgksa ds dojst esa >ksadus yxs lekt ds] ml euq"; ds thou dh vfHkO;fä esa tqV tkrh gS vkSj vkSj muds cnys esa [ksy] f'k{kk vkSj Økbe chV ns[kus okys fjiksVZj mls vKkr ds chgM+ksa ls fudky dj Kkr ds eap ij lqLFkkfir Hkkjr Hkou] johUnz Hkou vkSj ekuo laxzgky; vkfn djrh gSA foxr nks ls vf/kd n'kdksa esa fou; us viuh if=kdk lHkkxkjksa&ohfFk;ksa esa dHkh fonq"kh ekfyuh jktqjdj ds 'kkL=kh; ^dyk le;* vkSj fQj ouekyh l`tuihB ds izdk'ku ̂ jaxlaokn* [k;ky xk;u] iafMr f'kodqekj 'kekZ ds larwj vkSj la;qäk ikf.kxzgh ds tfj;s dyk jfldksa vkSj lqf/k ikBdksa dks bl furkar&dykle; esa ds vksfM'kh u`R; dks doj djus yxsA bldk Hk;kud urhtk fdadrZO;foew<+ vkSj volkn xzLr gksus ls cpk fy;k gSA fdrus gh v[kckjksa esa fn[kkbZ nsus yxkA lqf/k ikBdksa ds Qksu vkSj i=kksa ls ys[kdksa dks ltZukRed esuksikWt ls mckj fy;k gS vkSj eq> tSls ?kksj ?kcjkdj bu prqj lqtku lEikndh; izca/kdksa us rqjar iSrjk cnykA vykyksa dks Hkh O;oLFkk ds gkfdeksa }kjk lkfgfR;d&lkaLd`frd :i vc lkjs lkaLd`frd fjiksVZjksa dks Li"V fgnk;r nh tkus yxh fd Hkwy ls gkf'k;s ij Mkys tkus ds ckotwn ̂laHkkouk'khy* cuk;s j[kk gSA ls Hkh fdlh izLrqfr dh dfe;ksa dks bafxr u fd;k tk;sA ;FkklaHko

fou; dks fey jgs lEeku dk egÙo blfy, cM+k gS fd izLrqfr ds fo'ys"k.k ls cpk tk;sA mlds cnys lHkh dykdkjksa ds vkt fdlh Hkh v[kckj esa dyk&laLd`fr dh fjiksfVaZx vFkok ¼eap ij@eap ijs ½ uke ns fn, tk;s vkSj ,d lqUnj&jaxhu vkSj HkO; dyk&i=kdkfjrk dksbZ ̂ b'kw*] dksbZ eqík] dksbZ ladYiuk ugha gSA oSls fp=k] ftlesa T;knk ls T;knk dykdkj fn[ks] ;k fdlh dykdkj ;g igys Hkh de gh FkhA ysfdu ubZnqfu;k tSls v[kckj Fks] jkgqy ¼;FkklaHko efgyk½ dh dksbZ mÙkstd ;k eksgd eqnzk utj vk;s] ckjiqrs] jTtq ckcw] izHkk"k th] ckck fMds tSls dqN laLd`fr/kehZ tu Nkik tk;sA'ks"k FksA /keZ;qx vkSj lkIrkfgd fganqLrku] fnueku vkSj tulÙkk lp dgw¡ rks ,slk dj yxHkx Ms<+ n'kd iwoZ gh ^xaHkhj tSls dqN v[kckj ekfld] lkIrkfgd Fks] tks dyk&laLd`fr ds dyk&fpardksa* vkSj laLd`fr ds ig#vksa dh luluh[kst gR;k dh tk ljksdkjksa ls tw>rs FksA cktkjokn ds opZLo vkSj laiknd laLFkk ds pqdh gSA ysfdu fdlh dks Hkh blds fy, ftEesnkj ugha ekuk x;k {kj.k ds lkFk ;g ^dyk fparu* v[kckjh ekfydksa dh vk¡[kksa esa gSA vkt pkgs HkkLdj mBk;sa ;k if=kdk] ihiYl mBk;s ;k tkxj.k] fdjfdjh&lk pqHkus yxkA dk;ZØe dh ljl fdarq rfud yEch lcds flVh i`"Bksa ij foxr 'kke ds lkaLd`frd dk;ZØeksa dh lqUnj leh{kkvksa vkSj lkaLd`frd jiVksa dks fujFkZd vkSj viBuh; ekuk fp=ke; [kcjsa gS tks cgqnk dykdkjksa ;k muds dk;ZØeksa ds tkus yxkA D;ksafd mruh lkjh v[kckjh dkWye lsaVhehVj Lisl esa vk;kstdksa }kjk gh eqgS;k djkbZ gksrh gSA dgha Hkh leh{kk ugha gS] îq#"kh; rkdr c<+kus okys rsy* ls ysdj ^veqd dgha Hkh dyk ds lk/kdksa ij izdk'k Mkyus okyk ;k muds nnZ vFkok usrk&ea=kh&fo/kk;d ds tUefnu* ds foKkiuksa dks roTtks nh tk fparu dks mtkxj djus okyk vFkok ljdkj dks dV?kjs esa [kM+k ldrh FkhA mles ek;k Hkh Fkh vkSj ̂ ik&ykxq* Hkh FkhA dyk leh{kk djus dh {kerk j[kus okyk lk{kkRdkj ughaA ckWyhoqM dh gfLr;ksa ds

fou; ds da/ks ij ,d e`nqy Fkidh

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uxj i/kkjus ij fy, tkus okys QkSjh baVjO;wt esa ;gk¡ vkdj fou; mik/;k; yxkrkj dykfparu esa jr gSa vkSj vkt mudh vkidks dSlk yxk\ vkSj vkids vkSj veqd ds chp ds laca/kksa dks dbZ vFkksaZ esa ,dkdh vkSj ,dfu"B l`tu ;k=kk dks ehfM;k foe'kZ ysdj ehfM+;k esa tks dgk x;k] ml ij vkidh D;k izfrfØ;k tSls tSlh izfrf"Br if=kdk dh rjQ ls lEeku fey jgk gS] ;g ge ^CyaV* & Vhoh ,adj Vkbi iz'u&mÙkj Nirs gSa vkSj vxys fnu ls ml lcds fy, csgn [kq'kh&vk'ofLr dk {k.k gSA vk;kstdksa vkSj bl ^fjiksVZj* dks ist&Fkzh ds lkjs vlkbuesaV feyus yxrs gSaA ;s ,d lEeku gsrq xfBr fu.kkZ;dksa dks esjk lknj ueu vkSj fou; ds da/ks lk/kkj.khd`r gky gS exj gLcsekewy ,dk/k viokn NksM+ nas rks ij ,d e`nqy Fkidh] ftldk eryc oks tkurs gSaA ifjfLFkfr lc txg ,slh gh gSA ¼7@2@2015½

i=k&if=kdk txr ij Nk;s ,sls oSpkfjd rel esa jgdj Hkh

foxr 7 ,oa 8 Qjojh dks Hkksiky 'kgj esa dk;ZØe esa ofj"B lkfgR;dkj Jh fxjh'k FkkA volj Fkk ek[kuyky prqosZnh i=kdkfjrk iadt th] Jh t;izdk'k ekul th ls Hkh fo'ofo|ky; esa tulapkj foHkkx ds foHkkxk/;{k eqykdkr gqbZA pyrs&pyrs lat; th us ,d Jh lat; f}osnh }kjk vk;ksftr ia- c`tyky Le`fr&fpUg Hkh Fkek fn;k] tks Le`fr;ksa dh f}osnh lEeku lekjksg dkA ;s esjk lkSHkkX; jgk bckjr lnSo gh esjs eu&efLr"d ij fy[krk fd eq> tSls ukSfl[kq, dks Hkh vknj.kh; lat; jgsxkA dk;ZØe dk f}rh; ,oa izeq[k l=k rks f}osnh th us cqyk;k FkkA dk;ZØe dk izFke l=k vkSj Hkh 'kkunkj jgk ,oa Jh fou; mik/;k; ek[kuyky ds gh iqjkus ,oa orZeku Nk=kksa ds uke th dks lEeku fn;k x;kA ,d ckr dk ftØ lefiZr FkkA eSa vkSj esjs fe=k i`Fkd th gh 'kk;n vkSj d#¡A lat; th dk vkfrF; yktokc viokn FksA jgrk gSA eS yxHkx 36 ?kaVs Hkksiky jgk] ysfdu

,d ckj Hkh dgha ugh yxk fd lat; th esjs fgUnqLrku VkbEl vkWuykbu ds iz[kj i=kdkj ikl ugha gSaA ;dhu ekfu,] bl dk;ZØe esa lkS HkkbZ vadqj fot;oxhZ; us eq>ls dgk fd vkidks vfrfFk yxHkx vk;s gksaxs vkSj lHkh dks yxk Hkh Nk=kksa ls laokn esa dqN cksyuk gksxkA >wB ugha gksxk fd lat; th muds lkFk cSBs gSaA bl cksyw¡xk] eS eap dk vkneh gwaA eap vkSj ekbd feyk rks ekyk dh

vkfrF; esa HkkbZ iadt dqekj th Vªsu ls mrjus ds ckn ls gh gekjs t#jr ugha iM+rhA eq>s lks'ky ehfM;k ij cksyuk gh mfpr fy, yx x;s tcfd ykSVrs le; lat; th ds f'k"; HkkbZ vadqj yxkA i=kdkfjrk ds mHkjrs ,oa LFkkfir flrkjksa ds chp ftl th Vªsu esa gekjs fy, uk'rk igqapok,A ,slk lRdkj eSaus thou esa lEeku ls vadqj th us eq>s eap ij cqyk;k] ,d feuV ds fy, rks dHkh ugha ns[kkA xtc dk vk;kstu jgkA eSaus lat; th ls cksy ;s vfHkeku&lk vk x;k fd ge Hkh dqN gSa! D;k cksyrk ogka exj fn;k fd vc vxj vkxs ls vkius ges u cqyk;k rks Lor% vk cgqr dqN cksykA mldh ,d ykbu ;gka Hkh fy[kuk pkgw¡xkA tk;saxsA [kSj] ,d 'kkunkj vk;kstu] ,d 'kkunkj eqykdkr ,oa lks'ky ehfM;k ij cksyrs gq, eSus dgk fd ßvkt ds lkS&nks lkS ,d 'kkunkj ;k=kk ds ckn reke Le`fr;k¡ lesVs fnYyh vk;k rks lky ckn* tc bfrgkl dks dky ds iVy ij dky[kaMksa esa ckaVk yxk fd nks fnu ds fy, rks ge Hkksikyh gks x;s FksA oSls Nk=kksa dk tk,xk rks bZlk iwoZ o bZlk ckn dh ctk; dky[kaMksa dks ̂ chQksj lat; th ds izfr tks vknj fn[kk oks cgqr de gh xq#vksa dks lks'ky ehfM;k ,oa vkW¶Vj lks'ky ehfM;k* ds rkSj ij tkuk ulhc gksxkA ckr&eqykdkr esa bysDVªkWfud ehfM;k ds tk,xkAÞ [kSj] mlh fnu la;ksx ls lat; th dk tUefnol Hkh foHkkxk/;{k Jhdkar flag th ,oa fe=k ,oa ek[kuyky ds gh Fkk] lks Hkk"k.k dk ,d fgLlk LokHkkfod rkSj ij mudks lefiZr lgk;d izk/;kid MkW lkSjHk ekyoh; th dk Hkh [kwc lkFk feykA fd;kA lp dgw¡ rks cM+k vPNk yxk Nk=kksa ds chp cksydj! lcls lq[kn ;k=kk] lq[kn ;knsaA /kU;okn lat; thA T;knk vPNk rks rc eglwl gqvk tc vknj.kh; lat; th us ¼vius Qslcqd oky ij fnukad 11 Qjojh] 2015 dks ;g fVIi.kh dhA½/kU;okn Kkiu ds Øe esa esjs uke dk ftØ dqN vyx gh vankt

esa fd;kA cM+k gkSlyk feykA

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eksckby& 09893598888] bZ&esy& [email protected]

30 ekpZ 2015

gujrati patrakarita visheshank

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