guidelines for the operational use of free steered … for the operational use of free steered...

Guidelines for the Operational Use of Free Steered Vehicles in Underground Coal Mines

Guidelines for the operational use of free steered vehicles in

underground coal mines

MDG 1009

Date of Issue: April 1999 File Reference No.: C98/2510

Disclaimer The compilation of information contained in this document relies upon material and data derived from a number of third party sources and is intended as a guide only in devising risk and safety management systems for the working of mines and is not designed to replace or be used instead of an appropriately designed safety management plan for each individual mine. Users should rely on their own advice, skills and experience in applying risk and safety management systems in individual workplaces. Use of this document does not relieve the user (or a person on whose behalf it is used) of any obligation or duty that might arise under any legislation (including the Occupational Health & Safety Act 2000, any other Act containing requirements relating to mine safety and any regulations and rules under those Acts) covering the activities to which this document has been or is to be applied. The information in this document is provided voluntarily and for information purposes only. The New South Wales Government does not guarantee that the information is complete, current or correct and accepts no responsibility for unsuitable or inaccurate material that may be encountered. Unless otherwise stated, the authorised version of all reports, guides, data and other information should be sourced from official printed versions of the agency directly. Neither the Department of Primary Industries, the New South Wales Government, nor any employee or agent of the Department, nor any author of or contributor to this document produced by the Department shall be responsible or liable for any loss, damage, personal injury or death howsoever caused. Users should always verify historical material by making and relying upon their own separate inquiries prior to making any important decisions or taking any action on the basis of this information.

MDG 1009 Document: A/M06 1009.doc

It is expected that the appropriate level of probity is exercised when any determination is made as to the extent that this document is reproduced in any form.

of 32 File Number: C98/2510 Issue/Rev: C Date of Issue: April 1999 Prepared By: FSV Committee Authorised by: L. Roberts


MDG 1009 Document: A/M06 1009.doc of 32 File Number: C98/2510 Issue/Rev: C Date of Issue: April 1999 Prepared By: FSV Committee Authorised by: L. Roberts

TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. FOREWORD............................................................................................................................................... 4

2. SCOPE......................................................................................................................................................... 5

3. REFERENCES AND STANDARDS......................................................................................................... 5

4. DEFINITIONS............................................................................................................................................ 6

5. GENERAL................................................................................................................................................... 7

5.1. RISK ASSESSMENT ........................................................................................................................... 7 5.2. NEW OR MODIFIED VEHICLES....................................................................................................... 7 5.3. REVIEW AND AUDIT ........................................................................................................................ 7

6. DESIGN & MAINTENANCE OF ROADWAYS .................................................................................... 8

6.1. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS ............................................................................................................ 8 6.2. DESIGN................................................................................................................................................ 8 6.3. CONSTRUCTION................................................................................................................................ 8 6.4. HOUSEKEEPING STANDARDS ....................................................................................................... 8 6.5. SPECIAL AREAS ................................................................................................................................ 9 6.6. CLEARANCES .................................................................................................................................... 9 6.7. MAINTENANCE ............................................................................................................................... 10

7. CONDITIONS UNDER WHICH VEHICLES MAY BE USED .......................................................... 11

7.1. OBSTACLES...................................................................................................................................... 11 7.2. CABLES ............................................................................................................................................. 11 7.3. PROPERLY VENTILATED ROADS ................................................................................................ 11 7.4. RETURN AIRWAYS ......................................................................................................................... 11 7.5. FAILURE OF MAIN FAN.................................................................................................................. 12 7.6. EXHAUST FUMES............................................................................................................................ 12 7.7. DUST .................................................................................................................................................. 12

8. SAFE OPERATION OF VEHICLES ..................................................................................................... 13

8.1. GENERAL.......................................................................................................................................... 13 8.2. PRE START CHECKS ....................................................................................................................... 13 8.3. BRAKES............................................................................................................................................. 13 8.4. LEAVING VEHICLES WITH THE ENGINE RUNNING ................................................................ 14 8.5. RIGHT OF WAY ................................................................................................................................ 14 8.6. REVERSING OF VEHICLES ............................................................................................................ 14 8.7. TRAVELLING IN CONVOY ............................................................................................................ 14 8.8. PASSING THROUGH DOORS ......................................................................................................... 14 8.9. SINGLE ENTRIES ............................................................................................................................. 15 8.10. PARKING........................................................................................................................................... 15 8.11. EMERGENCY PARKING ................................................................................................................. 15 8.12. TOWING OF VEHICLES .................................................................................................................. 16 8.13. WARNING LIGHTS .......................................................................................................................... 16 8.14. FIRES.................................................................................................................................................. 16 8.15. DEFECTS REPORTING .................................................................................................................... 17

9. TRANSPORTING OF LOADS ............................................................................................................... 17

9.1. GENERAL.......................................................................................................................................... 17 9.2. PACKAGING OF LOADS ................................................................................................................. 17 9.3. LOADING AND UNLOADING ........................................................................................................ 17 9.4. RAIL TRANSFER POINTS ............................................................................................................... 18 9.5. CONVEYANCE OF LOADS ............................................................................................................. 18 9.6. SPECIAL LOADS .............................................................................................................................. 18



10. LIMITS OF VEHICLE OPERATION ................................................................................................... 19

10.1. VEHICLE DESIGN ............................................................................................................................ 19 10.2. GRADES............................................................................................................................................. 19 10.3. LOADS ............................................................................................................................................... 19 10.4. ROADWAY SPEEDS ........................................................................................................................ 19 10.5. SIGNS................................................................................................................................................. 19

11. TRANSPORT OF PERSONNEL ............................................................................................................ 20

11.1. DRIVER RESPONSIBILITY............................................................................................................. 20 11.2. CARRIAGE OF EQUIPMENT .......................................................................................................... 20 11.3. TRANSPORT OF INJURED PERSONS............................................................................................ 20

12. ACCESS TO TRANSPORT ROADS ..................................................................................................... 21

12.1. WORKING ALONG TRANSPORT ROADS .................................................................................... 21 12.2. PEDESTRIAN ACCESS .................................................................................................................... 21 12.3. USE OF WARNING DEVICES ......................................................................................................... 21

13. MAINTENANCE OF VEHICLES.......................................................................................................... 22

13.1. SHIFT CHECKS................................................................................................................................. 22 13.2. GARAGES.......................................................................................................................................... 22 13.3. REPORTING OF DEFECTS .............................................................................................................. 23 13.4. MAINTENANCE ............................................................................................................................... 23 13.5. OVER HEATING ............................................................................................................................... 23

14. INCIDENT INVESTIGATION ............................................................................................................... 24

14.1. INVESTIGATION.............................................................................................................................. 24

15. TRAINING ................................................................................................................................................ 25

15.1. VEHICLES ......................................................................................................................................... 25 15.2. SURFACE........................................................................................................................................... 25 15.3. UNDERGROUND.............................................................................................................................. 25 15.4. REFRESHER...................................................................................................................................... 25 15.5. CERTIFICATION .............................................................................................................................. 25

16. SPECIFIC VEHICLES ............................................................................................................................ 26

16.1. LOAD HAUL DUMP (BUCKET) MACHINES ................................................................................ 26 16.2. LONGWALL ROOF SUPPORT TRANSPORTER ........................................................................... 27 16.3. LONGWALL SHEARER TRANSPORTER...................................................................................... 27 16.4. SHUTTLE CARS................................................................................................................................ 28 16.5. RAMCAR ........................................................................................................................................... 29 16.6 DESIGNATED TRANSPORT VEHICLES ....................................................................................... 29 16.7. MPV’S................................................................................................................................................. 29 16.8 MINESMOBILES............................................................................................................................... 30 16.9. PETS ................................................................................................................................................... 30 16.10. POWERTRAMS................................................................................................................................. 30 16.11. GRADERS.......................................................................................................................................... 31 16.12. BICYCLES ......................................................................................................................................... 31

17. SURFACE VEHICLES ............................................................................................................................ 32

17.1. GENERAL................................................................................................................................................ 32



1. FOREWORD

MDG 1009 provides generic information to assist mine management, in the process of risk reduction and risk management in the use of free steered vehicles in underground coal mines. Advancement in technology and management systems too often outstrip the ability of experts to provide exacting community standards (guidelines) for the safe and effective operation of management systems and equipment. Inherent hazards associated with technology and management of technology within the use of free steered vehicles requires guidelines to be utilised in association with a process not only to reduce hazards to an acceptable level but also produce management systems appropriate for the business. This demands the adoption of a structured process for the identification of hazards and evaluation and control of work related risks associated with the free steered vehicles. This is assisted with an existing comprehensive legal framework under the Occupational Health and Safety Act, 1983 and Coal Mines Regulation Act, 1982 requiring organisations to manage their activities in such a manner as to anticipate and prevent circumstances which may result in occupational injury or death. This guideline when used in conjunction with MDG 1010 offers a process to meet such requirements. It is envisaged such an approach may be integrated with the management of other aspects of business performance with expected outcomes as minimising the risk to employees and others and improving business performance. The preparation of this document through a working committee involved the input and support from the following persons and organisations: John Smith, Powercoal, Brian Connolly, Powercoal, Gary Brown, United, Ian Cribb, Cumnock, Ron Stothard, CFMEU, G. Cowan, DMR & Chairperson, G. Jervis, DMR, and D. Nichols, DMR. Their contribution is gratefully acknowledged. Any additions or alterations you feel could add value to this document will be gratefully appreciated. Comments on any aspect of this guideline should be submitted in writing to: Mr L Roberts Manager Technical Services Division of Mine Safety and Environment Department of Mineral Resources PO Box 536 ST LEONARDS 1590 Fax: (02) 9901 8584 N.Sneddon ASSISTANT DIRECTOR SAFETY OPERATIONS



2. SCOPE

2.1. Section 101 (1) of the Coal Mines Regulation Act, 1982, as amended, requires the manager of a mine to make rules with respect to the use of vehicles at the mine.

2.2. Clause 6 of the Coal Mines Regulation (Transport - Underground Mines) Regulation 1984, prescribes certain matters which shall be included in the “Transport Rules”.

2.3. The following guideline is intended to help managers in preparing their “Transport Rules”. The information supplied is based on accident and incident experience together with best practice from other sources. These guidelines do not generally give quantitative information, as it is not the intent to restrict managers to specific parameters.

2.4. This guideline does not in any way negate the requirements of the NSW Coal Mines Regulation 67/1982 nor the Occupational Health and Safety Act, 1983, No. 20.

3. REFERENCES AND STANDARDS

The following references and standards are referred to in this document:

3.1 ACARP Project C3026 - Operator Underground Roads Manual - Construction and Maintenance by Coffey Partners international Pty Ltd.

3.2 CMRA - Coal Mines Regulation Act, 1912 and associated Regulations.

3.3 MDG 1 - Mechanical Design Guideline No. 1

3.4 OH & S - Occupational Health and Safety Act

3.5 Safe Operation of Free Steered Vehicles in Underground Coal Mines. Third Mechanical Colliery Engineering Safety Seminar Date: 6 April, 1993



4. DEFINITIONS

APPROVED: Approved by the Chief Inspector of Coal Mines in accordance with the Coal Mines Regulation Act 1982.

DMR: Department of Mineral Resources (NSW)

FSV COMMITTEE: A committee formed to improve safety and operational aspects of free steered vehicles for use in underground coal mines. The committee includes multi-disciplinary personnel from the Department and Coal Mining Companies.

LHD: Load Haul Dump Machine

MDG: Mechanical Design Guideline

MPV: Multi Purpose Vehicle

OEM: Original Equipment Manufacturer

RISK ASSESSMENT: The overall process of risk analysis and risk evaluation.

RISK MANAGEMENT: Refer to MDG 1010.

SHALL: Means that the requirement is highly recommended if it is applicable to the type of equipment under consideration unless it is used in association with a legislative requirement then it is mandatory.

SHOULD: Means that the requirement is recommended.

Note: If any of the parameters as recommended under a “shall” or “should” instruction are not adhered to, the manager shall justify the alternative to the recommendation through a process of technical assessment, risk assessment and risk management.

VEHICLE: A rubber tyred or caterpillar tracked vehicle propelled by electric or mechanical means and used for the purpose of transporting persons, materials, coal or stone, whether by carrying, towing or otherwise and includes a shuttle car.



5. GENERAL

5.1. RISK ASSESSMENT

5.1.1. A risk assessment should be carried out of the mine’s transport system.

5.2. NEW OR MODIFIED VEHICLES

5.2.1. Before a new or modified vehicle is placed into operation, a risk assessment should be carried out and implemented into the appropriate management system.

5.2.2. OEM’s conditions shall be incorporated into the Transport Rules where appropriate.

5.3. REVIEW AND AUDIT

5.3.1. The Transport Rules shall include a system for review and audit.

5.3.2. At a specified time period, an external review or audit of the system shall be conducted.



6. DESIGN & MAINTENANCE OF ROADWAYS

6.1. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

6.1.1. Managers should refer to the ACARP Project C3026 conducted by Coffey Partners International Pty Ltd. titled ‘Operator Underground Roads Manual - Construction and Maintenance’

6.1.2. The manager should provide a plan at suitable locations around the mine indicating which roads can used for each type of vehicle. Such plan shall be update as required by the Transport Rules.

6.2. DESIGN

6.2.1. The Manager should specify the minimum dimensions of a roadway inclusive of any supports or installations that is required for each vehicle to operate in.

6.2.2. Where possible, transport roads should be on the rise side of any conveyor or services roads.

6.2.3. No water lines or such should be incorporated in any transport roads.

6.2.4. Where possible, all conveyors and air crossings should be elevated into the roof over the roadway to allow the roadway to maintain its normal horizon. This will reduce the possibility of loads being dislodged or trapped.

6.2.5. Where conveyors cross a transport road, the area should be concreted to allow for use of cleaning and the control of water build up.

6.3. CONSTRUCTION

6.3.1. Transport roads should be driven on surveyed sights.

6.3.2. Miner drivers should be made aware of the importance of driving the roads to the correct horizon.

6.4. HOUSEKEEPING STANDARDS

6.4.1. The manager shall set minimum standards for transport roads.

6.4.2. Roads, which are subject to rib spall, shall be properly supported.

Barricades shall be erected around fixed installations in transport roads.



6.5. SPECIAL AREAS

6.5.1. ROAD JUNCTIONS

6.5.1.1. All major intersections should have either mirrors or traffic lights to assist with traffic flow.

6.5.1.2. The Transport Rules should include the circumstances under which horns are used.

6.5.2. CROSS MEASURE DRIFTS OR MAJOR INCLINES

6.5.2.1. All inter seam drifts or major inclines should have traffic lights or similar devices to limit access from either direction at the same time.

6.5.2.2. The Transport Rules should include rules for when the signally system is not operating correctly.

6.5.3. VENTILATION DOORS

6.5.3.1. Ventilation doors, which require FSV’s to pass through, should be positioned where possible on level ground.

6.5.3.2. Sufficient distance should be allowed between the doors to allow the whole of the vehicle to enter the area with the doors being closed.

6.6. CLEARANCES

6.6.1. The manager should specify the dimensions of each vehicle and the minimum clearances required for each vehicle and load.

6.6.2. Clearances should take into account the purpose that a roadway is to be used for e.g. type of vehicle, speed at which vehicles will travel.

6.6.3. Clearances should be checked before any roadway is commissioned for FSV use and thereafter at intervals as specified in the Manager’s Transport Rules.

6.6.4. Any obstacles such as excess protruding roof bolts or damaged straps should be removed prior to a road being used by vehicles.

6.6.5. Clearances should equally apply to ventilation door frames and other obstacles as well s roof and sides.

6.6.6. Corners of intersections should be such to allow adequate clearances to be maintained.

6.6.7. Clearance guides should be available at the portal as well as at specific sites underground to allow the movement of material from panel to panel.



6.6.8. All obstructions or restrictions in roadways should be illuminated or have reflective markings.

6.7. MAINTENANCE

6.7.1. After using fill material on a roadway, the overall dimensions of the roadway could result in reduced clearances being available.

6.7.2. The Transport Rules should indicate the inspection interval and criteria for roadways.

6.7.3. The manager should have an appropriate standard to which roads are maintained.



7. CONDITIONS UNDER WHICH VEHICLES MAY BE USED

7.1. OBSTACLES

7.1.1. Drivers should NOT deliberately drive over or around items such as props, pipes, drums, hoses, etc.

7.1.2. Drivers should stop and make the road safe.

7.1.3. Drivers shall report any changed roadway condition to an immediate supervisor.

7.2. CABLES

7.2.1. Drivers shall not drive over cables

7.2.2. Drivers should not attempt to drive under cables, which are not properly secured, to the roof.

7.2.3. The manager should have a system in place to protect and support any cables which cross a transport road or intersection.

7.3. PROPERLY VENTILATED ROADS

7.3.1. A diesel vehicle shall not be stood in an unventilated dead-end.

7.3.2. A diesel vehicle shall only be operated on roads, which are positively ventilated.

7.3.3. The manager should devise a system such that each ventilation split in the mine has an indication of the maximum number and type of diesel vehicles which can operate in it at any one time taking into account the requirements of Underground Mines Regulation.

7.4. RETURN AIRWAYS

7.4.1. A driver shall not drive a diesel into a return airway unless it is equipped with an approved automatic methane detector and a senior mining official has inspected the area.

7.4.2. In the event of the methane detector being activated, the driver of a diesel vehicle shall immediately stop the vehicle and engine. The driver should place an out of service tag on the vehicle and any necessary warning devices on the roadway. The driver should remove the methane detector and carry it with him and report immediately to a mining official the circumstances.

7.4.3. In the event of the methane detector being activated, the driver of a battery vehicle shall immediately remove the vehicle to intake air. The driver shall report immediately to a mining official.



7.5. FAILURE OF MAIN FAN

7.5.1. The Transport Rules shall indicate the procedures to be followed in the event of the stoppage of the main fan.

7.5.2. If a driver parks a vehicle underground because of the stoppage of the main fan, the driver shall inform an official of the mine of the position of the parked vehicle.

7.6. EXHAUST FUMES

7.6.1. Vehicles should never be operated in an unventilated stub or roadway.

7.6.2. The Transport Rules should include the circumstances under which the testing of diesel vehicles exhaust gases is carried out in accordance with the regulations.

7.7. DUST

7.7.1. The manager should make rules regarding the system for minimising the problem of dust on transport roads.



8. SAFE OPERATION OF VEHICLES

8.1. GENERAL

8.1.1. The OEM’s have a responsibility under the OH & S Act to provide documentation as to the required inspection, testing and examination of the equipment provided.

8.1.2. The manager should ensure that the OEM is in agreement with the intended use of the vehicle and the conditions under which it is to operate.

8.2. PRE START CHECKS

8.2.1. The Transport Rules should indicate the pre-start checks for all vehicles and should at least include the following:

8.2.1.1. Lights working

8.2.1.2. Fire Extinguisher

8.2.1.3.Warning Devices

8.2.1.4. Reversing Alarm Operation

8.2.1.5. Exhaust Conditioner and Radiator Water Levels and refill where necessary

8.2.1.6. Brake and Transmission areas are free from oil and dust accumulations

8.2.1.7. Forward and Reverse Controls

8.2.1.8. Wheel Nuts Look Visually Tight

8.2.1.9. Guards and Covers in Operators Cabin are properly secured

8.2.1.10. Operation of all brakes, including emergency brakes, where fitted

8.2.2. Any defects should be report to an appropriate official and vehicle not used until the defect is fixed. The mine “Out of Service” Tag system should be used.

8.3. BRAKES

8.3.1. The Transport Rules should provide for situations which require the testing of the foot brake and should include the following situations:

8.3.1.1. Immediately after starting the vehicle.

8.3.1.2. After driving through water.



8.3.1.3. Prior to driving down major grades.

8.3.2. The Transport Rules should provide the safe braking distances for vehicles under their normal operating conditions, which prevail at the mine including the towing of trailers.

8.4. LEAVING VEHICLES WITH THE ENGINE RUNNING

8.4.1. The Transport Rules should designate the circumstances under which a driver can leave the driver seat with the engine running and which could include the following:

8.4.1.1. During brief stops which are part of the normal operation of the vehicle e.g. Whilst opening and closing ventilation doors.

8.4.1.2. While the vehicle or exhaust gas are being tested.

8.4.1.3. During operations involving the vehicle’s hydraulic power take-off.

8.4.1.4. For maintenance purposes.

8.4.2. The Transport Rules should include a definition of “Unattended”.

8.5. RIGHT OF WAY

8.5.1. Vehicles travelling out bye should have right of way.

8.5.2. Vehicles towing trailers or other equipment should have right of way at all times.

8.6. REVERSING OF VEHICLES

8.6.1. No vehicle should be reversed more than 1 cut through or a distance designated by the Transport Rules unless the driver is facing the direction of travel whilst properly seated.

8.6.2. Provision shall be made in the mine for the turning around of trailers to limit the need for excessive reversing.

8.7. TRAVELLING IN CONVOY

8.7.1. The manager should include in the Transport Rules the circumstances under which vehicles can travel in convoys and the safe distance, which should be maintained, between vehicles.

8.7.2. Supply vehicles should not travel in convoys.

8.8. PASSING THROUGH DOORS

8.8.1. The Transport Rules should include a procedure for passing through single and double doors.



8.8.2. Any procedure should include the reminder of applying the hand brake prior to leaving the vehicle.

8.8.3. If the grade is such that there is any likelihood that the vehicle could move in the direction of the doors, a warning notice should also be displayed outlining the procedure to be used.

8.9. SINGLE ENTRIES

8.9.1. Only vehicles, which can be driven in either direction with the driver properly seated, should be used in single entry roadways.

8.9.2. Appropriate barriers should be installed in single entries to limit the danger of run aways.

8.9.3. The Transport Rules should include the rules relating to pedestrian access whilst vehicles are using the single entry.

8.10. PARKING

8.10.1. The manager should designate set parking areas or standards for parking a vehicle.

8.10.2. All parked vehicles should be angled into the ribs to prevent runaways.

8.10.3. Vehicles should not be parked on the rise side of area where people congregate, such as crib areas, unless a suitable barrier is placed between the vehicle and the people.

8.10.4. The driver shall activate the park brake before leaving the vehicle.

8.11. EMERGENCY PARKING

8.11.1. The Transport Rules should indicate the system to be incorporate when a vehicle breaks down on a travelling road which should include the following:

8.11.1.1. Informing a mine official and repair personnel of the breakdown and the location of the vehicle.

8.11.1.2. The driver to remain with the vehicle unless otherwise instructed.

8.11.1.3. The mine official is to notify the surface for adits or drift inset to enable some form of notification to be prominently displayed specifying the location of the broken down vehicle. Such notification should be removed upon the vehicle being repaired or moved.

8.11.2. Warning triangles or similar devices should be carried on all vehicles and the use of such should be documented.



8.12. TOWING OF VEHICLES

8.12.1. Towing of vehicles which are inoperable shall be as recommended by the OEM and provisions to be made should include the following:

8.12.1.1. The towing attachment should be designed to a minimum safety factor of 2.5 times the maximum rated towing capacity of the towed plant

8.12.1.2. Provision should be made for crossed slings to be fitted for towing.

8.12.1.3. The maximum towable weight (gross load) for a towed plant to be as per the towing vehicle manufacturer’s recommendation.

8.12.1.4. A means of releasing brakes without having to go beneath the vehicle.

8.12.1.5. A means of steering or guiding the towed vehicle.

8.12.1.6. A means of adequately braking the towed vehicle. Brake indication lights should operate.

8.12.1.7. Documentation of limitations and requirements of the towing system.

8.12.1.8. Direct communication between operators of towing equipment and towed equipment should be installed (on an as required basis).

8.12.2. The Transport Rules should indicate the proper method for towing each vehicle including the equipment to be used.

8.13. WARNING LIGHTS

8.13.1. Drivers should not drive a vehicle with a warning light indicating a problem unless instructed to do so by a senior official of the mine.

8.14. FIRES

The manager should make rules regarding the fighting of fires on vehicles including the reporting of and the statutory obligations of not moving the vehicle.



8.15. DEFECTS REPORTING

8.15.1. The manager should provide each driver with means of reporting defects or problems. Such reporting system should be in a written form with a duplicate copy remaining with the driver. The reporting system should at least cover:

8.15.1.1. Machine Number and Type.

8.15.1.2. Driver’s Name and shift.

8.15.1.3. Defects with the machine.

8.15.1.4. Defects with the roads.

8.15.1.5. Any accidents or near misses.

8.15.1.6. Any potential safety problems.

9. TRANSPORTING OF LOADS

9.1. GENERAL

9.1.1. Many incidents occur because a load slips or catches when being transported.

9.1.2. Drivers are responsible for the loads being transported and should not move a vehicle if they are not satisfied that it can done safely.

9.2. PACKAGING OF LOADS

9.2.1. Secure packaging of supplies would reduce the risk of injury when unloading or transferring.

9.2.2. Where possible, all loads should be designed as packaging and not single item handling.

9.3. LOADING AND UNLOADING

9.3.1. The Transport Rules should define the system for loading and securing loads.

9.3.2. Poorly positioned or failure to designate loading or unloading stations often mean slippery or untidy areas being used which often results in incidents.

9.3.3. Many inbye destinations have no load handling facilities as used on the surface. Many incidents have occurred when loads are removed by driving the vehicle or trailer from under the load and allowing the load to fall to the floor.



9.3.4. The use of purpose design equipment to unload vehicles would reduce a majority of injuries especially with strained back and trapped fingers.

9.3.5. Stumbling, falling or slipping incidents generally occur when stepping on or off vehicles or trailers while manually transferring material loads.

9.3.6. Where possible, all designated loading or unloading area should be well illuminated.

9.3.7. Suitable restraints should be used in tying down loads.

9.4. RAIL TRANSFER POINTS

9.4.1. The Transport Rules should define the system of loading and unloading vehicles or trailers onto rail flat-tops.

9.4.2. All rail transfer points should be designed to allow straight access onto the flat-top.

9.4.3. All ramps should be properly designed and constructed.

9.4.4. The area should be well lit and properly supported.

9.4.5. No person should be allowed access to the area unless they are actively involved in the operation.

9.5. CONVEYANCE OF LOADS

9.5.1. The carrying and towing capacity of each vehicle should be prominently marked on the vehicle.

9.5.2. Each trailer should have the maximum carrying capacity prominently displayed.

9.5.3. All loads should be properly secured before moving.

9.5.4. All loads should be contained within the designated envelope of the vehicle or trailer.

9.5.5. Any dislodged or spilled loads must be re-secured immediately if possible or removed from the transport road. Where it is impossible to re-secure the load, the driver should immediately notify a mining official of the circumstances prevailing.

9.5.6. For some loads, the design of the vehicle or trailer might need modification to allow the load to be safely transported.

9.6. SPECIAL LOADS

9.6.1. The Transport Rules should designate the conditions under which, if any, loads that exceed the minimum required clearances could be moved.



10. LIMITS OF VEHICLE OPERATION

10.1. VEHICLE DESIGN

10.1.1. Managers should make reference to MDG 1

10.1.2. All vehicles should be fitted with an illuminated Speedo, which does not rely on the drivers cap light to read.

10.1.3. Suitable windscreens should be provide in vehicles together with some means of cleaning them, to enable the driver to clearly see the roadway whilst travelling at speed.

10.2. GRADES

10.2.1. The maximum grade on which vehicles can safely operated should be indicated on the vehicle for both for loaded and unloaded situations.

10.2.2. The maximum cross grade on which vehicles can be safely operated should be indicated on the vehicle for both for loaded and unloaded situations.

10.3. LOADS

10.3.1. The maximum load which a vehicle can safely carry should be indicated on the vehicle for both level conditions and a range of grades

10.4. ROADWAY SPEEDS

10.4.1. All speeds should be quantitative e.g. 5 kph max.

10.4.2. The mine roadways should be divided into sections and each section should have a designated speed for each type of vehicle to use it.

10.4.3. A plan of the mine should be prepared for each type of vehicle showing which roadways are accessible for that vehicle and the speeds at which the vehicle can travel.

10.4.4. The maximum speed at which vehicles travel should take into account the state of the roadway, the grade, clearances available, load being carried and comfort of any passengers.

10.5. SIGNS

10.5.1. Speed signs should be quantified.

10.5.2. Directional signs should be utilised to control the flow of traffic.

10.5.3. Safety signs should be used to indicate grades, blind corners, major intersections, etc.

10.5.4. All grades steeper than 1 in 14 are to be specified with signs e.g. 1:8.



11. TRANSPORT OF PERSONNEL

11.1. DRIVER RESPONSIBILITY

11.1.1. The driver shall have full and total control of the passengers and the vehicle.

11.1.2. The driver shall ensure that no more than the number of passengers approved to be carried by the vehicle are allowed to ride in the vehicle.

11.1.3. The driver shall ensure that all passengers are properly seated before and during the journey.

11.1.4. The vehicle shall be only operated at such speed as permits the driver to have total control at all times.

11.2. CARRIAGE OF EQUIPMENT

11.2.1. No equipment, other than hand tools, crib bags, survey or scientific equipment or spares which can be easily carried by one person maybe carried in the same vehicle as passengers.

11.2.2. Other equipment can be carried if the vehicle has a specially designed compartment for the carriage of such equipment.

11.3. TRANSPORT OF INJURED PERSONS

11.3.1. The manager should include in the Transport Rules conditions under which injured persons should be transported in the mine.

11.3.2. The rules should include the following:

11.3.2.1. The speed at which vehicles are to driven whilst transporting an injured person.

11.3.2.2. The method to be used for the transporting of stretchers in various vehicles.

11.3.2.3. The system of alerting other vehicles that an injured person is being transported.



12. ACCESS TO TRANSPORT ROADS

12.1. WORKING ALONG TRANSPORT ROADS

12.1.1. All persons working on transport roads should wear reflective garments.

12.1.2. Working areas should be designated by the use of flashing lights or similar warning devices.

12.2. PEDESTRIAN ACCESS

12.2.1. The Transport Rules should indicate the maximum speed at which any vehicle can pass a pedestrian.

12.2.2. Wherever practical, pedestrians should be kept clear of roads where FSV vehicles are operating.

12.3. USE OF WARNING DEVICES

12.3.1. The manager shall include in the Transport Rules the conditions under which drivers can proceed pass a warning device.

12.3.2. No vehicle should proceed pass a warning device unless the obstruction has been personally examined by the driver on foot and has found it safe to pass.

12.3.3. The Transport Rules should specify the distances and position that warning devices should be placed from a hazard.

12.3.4. Anybody who is working on a broken down vehicle or obstruction shall attach danger tags to the warning devices.

12.3.5. Anybody working in or adjacent to a roadway should attach danger tags to the warning devices.

12.3.6. No vehicle should drive pass a warning device with danger tag attached unless it is done under the supervision of the person attaching the danger tag.

12.3.7. Where a grader or similar device is being used on a section of roadway, appropriate warning devices should be displayed with the Transport Rules specifying the means of carriage through this area.



13. MAINTENANCE OF VEHICLES

13.1. SHIFT CHECKS

13.1.1. All operational diesel vehicles shall be checked at least once a shift in accordance with the OEM instructions but should at least include the following:

13.1.1.1. Fuel

13.1.1.2. Low Water Shutdown

13.1.1.3. Radiator Water

13.1.1.4. Oil Level (Engine and hydraulic)

13.1.1.5. Security of Wheel Studs

13.1.1.6. Tyres are correctly inflated

13.2. GARAGES

13.2.1. The Underground Mines Regulations requires the manager to nominated places for the means of inspection, maintenance, repair, refuelling and charging of vehicles at the mine. Such places could be on the surface or underground.

13.2.2. In relation to the underground garages, the following items should be addressed:

13.2.2.1. A distance should be maintained at the entry to any garage where no vehicle may be parked and which is to remain unobstructed.

13.2.2.2. The number of ‘Vehicle Service Bays’ should be specified and this should be the maximum number of vehicles that may be located in the garage without an operator at the controls.

13.2.2.3. The speed of vehicles in the area of the garage should be restricted.

13.2.2.4. Some form of barrier should be installed across the entrance to any service bay.

13.2.2.5. The garage area should be protected from the flow of any mine water.

13.2.2.6. Communication should be provided between the underground garage and the surface.



13.3. REPORTING OF DEFECTS

13.3.1. The manager should provide each person carrying out maintenance with means of reporting defects or problems. Such reporting system should be in a written form with a duplicate copy remaining with the person. The reporting system should at least cover:

13.3.1.1. Machine Number and Type.

13.3.1.2. Person’s Name and shift.

13.3.1.3. Defects with the machine.

13.3.1.4. Defects with the equipment.

13.3.1.5. Any potential safety problems.

13.3.2. Any defects should be report to an appropriate official and vehicle not used until the defect is fixed. The mine “Out of Service” or “Danger” Tag system should be used.

13.3.3. The defect should still be reported even if the defect has been fixed.

13.4. MAINTENANCE

13.4.1. The manager should instigate a system which requires ‘Safe Work Procedures’ to be written for each job.

13.4.2. A Risk Assessment maybe required prior to writing the Safe Work Procedures.

13.4.3. Where access on to or off a vehicle is required, the dangers associated with such should be highlighted especially in relation to slips, trips and falls.

13.5. OVER HEATING

13.5.1. The driver should immediately stop a vehicle in a safe place when the temperature gauge indicates a heating problem.

13.5.2. The driver should not attempt to remove a radiator cap from an overheated vehicle until a specified time has lapsed if there is a danger of steam or burns.



14. INCIDENT INVESTIGATION

14.1. INVESTIGATION

14.1.1. The Transport Rules should include a system of investigating all defect or accident reports.

14.1.2. The investigation system should be a closed loop system that reports the findings of any investigation back to the person who initiated the original report.



15. TRAINING

15.1. VEHICLES

15.1.1. Differences between similar types of vehicles should be recognised and highlighted.

15.1.2. Vision surveys as detailed under Section 4.7 on Page 14 of MDG 1 should be carried out for all vehicles, which have not had such information, supplied by the OEM. The results of this information should be supplied to all relevant drivers.

15.2. SURFACE

15.2.1. All drivers should undergo initial training on the surface for all vehicles to be carried out by an appropriate training officer.

15.2.2. All drivers should be made aware of the vision limitations of each machine, especially in relation to their own statute.

15.3. UNDERGROUND

15.3.1. All drivers should undergo underground training under the direction of a competent driver.

15.3.2. A minimum period of instruction should be required.

15.4. REFRESHER

15.4.1. All drivers should undergo refresher instruction as specified in the manager’s Transport Rules.

15.4.2. Refresher training enables skill levels to be enhanced, bad practices to be identified and eliminated and safe practices to be updated.

15.4.3. All drivers should undergo refresher training whenever the Transport Rules are updated or altered.

15.5. CERTIFICATION

15.5.1. Driver under going training should be issued with a limited appointment.

15.5.2. Supervisors and instructors should provide written reports on a driver’s ability prior to final assessment.

15.5.3. An independent third party should examine drivers as to their competency.



16. SPECIFIC VEHICLES

16.1. LOAD HAUL DUMP (BUCKET) MACHINES

16.1.1. Persons should only ride in approved seating.

16.1.2. The machine should not be operated unless an approved door is fitted. The door should be closed at all times during the vehicle operation.

16.1.3. The vehicle load should not exceed that designated by the sign on the vehicle.

16.1.4. The bucket should be carried in the lowered position when moving.

16.1.5. Where possible the bucket should be trailing the vehicle when travelling.

16.1.6. Always travel on inclines or declines with the front of the vehicle (bucket) pointing downhill where possible. The bucket can be lowered and dug into the ground to stop the vehicle in case of emergency.

16.1.7. When the vehicle is operated in areas where people are working or passing, the driver shall ensure that:-

16.1.7.1. He is aware of persons working in the area.

16.1.7.2. No persons stand between the vehicle and rib or other structures whilst the vehicle is being manoeuvred.

16.1.7.3. The vehicle is stopped immediately he becomes aware that a person is standing in an unsafe position.

16.1.8. A person shall NOT work out of the bucket. An approved work platform must be used.

16.1.9. Where a person or persons is working on a work platform

16.1.9.1. The driver of the LHD must remain at the controls whilst any person is on the platform

16.1.9.2. The vehicle is only to be moved with persons on the platform if it is a requirement of the specific task.

16.1.9.3. The driver shall ensure that all persons on the platform are aware that the vehicle is about to be moved.

16.1.9.4. The driver shall ensure the lowest gear in the direction of travel must be used.

16.1.10. The vehicle shall not be articulated with an elevated, loaded bucket.



16.1.11. Always park the vehicle with the bucket or attachment on the ground and the vehicle articulated to steer towards the rib.

16.1.12. Do not allow any person to stand or work under the bucket unless the bucket is secured with a support.

16.2. LONGWALL ROOF SUPPORT TRANSPORTER

16.2.1. The driver of the transporter shall have full control of his vehicle and not operate the vehicle unless he is seated within the driver’s compartment.

16.2.2. The vehicle shall only be operated at such speeds that permits the driver to have total control at all times with due regard for load, grade and road conditions.

16.2.3. The driver shall ensure that all headlights and clearance lights are operating before moving the vehicle.

16.2.4. The driver shall ensure that the roof support is properly secured before moving the vehicle.

16.3. LONGWALL SHEARER TRANSPORTER

16.3.1. No person other than the driver shall ride on the support carrier.

16.3.2. The driver shall not operate the vehicle unless he is completely within the driver's compartment.


16.3.4. The driver shall ensure that the shearer is correctly loaded and secured on the transporter before moving the vehicle.




16.4. SHUTTLE CARS

16.4.1. The manager shall supply written instructions of the methods to be used in securing a shuttle car anchor including its positioning.

16.4.2. The driver of electric shuttle cars shall ensure that trailing cable is safely and securely anchored with an approved anchor using the accepted method of securing the anchor.

16.4.3. The driver shall ensure that the car has sufficient cable to satisfy the full shift’s production. The driver shall bring to the attention of a mine official if insufficient or excess cable exists.

16.4.4. The driver shall ensure that where he is required to pass under any cable, pipe or other structure, that there is sufficient clearance to do so safely.

16.4.5. The manager shall specify the period required for the cleaning of the cable reel compartment and drivers cabin taking into account the roadway conditions that the car will operate in.

16.4.6. The driver shall ensure that the headlights are on in the direction of travel when proceeding along a roadway.

16.4.7. The shuttle car conveyor chains shall not be operated whist any person is within the body of the shuttle car.

16.4.8. Before moving the shuttle car, the driver sound an audible warning and shall ensure that all personnel are clear of the trailing cable and outside the area swept by the cable when passing the anchor point.

16.4.9. The driver should face the direction of travel when the vehicle is moved.

16.4.10. The driver of a shuttle car shall prior to using the shuttle car walk along the wheeling roadway on which the vehicle is to travel to ensure that it is safe to proceed.

16.4.11. The driver shall not leave the machine whilst the car is operating.

16.4.12. No person other than the driver shall ride in, or on, a shuttle car.

16.4.13. The driver shall not operate the machine unless he is completely within the driver’s compartment.

16.4.14. The vehicle shall only be operated at such speeds as permit the driver to have full control at all times.

16.4.15. The driver shall ensure that the machine is not overloaded.



16.5. RAMCAR

16.5.1. No person other than the driver shall ride on a ramcar.

16.5.2. No person(s) shall be carried in the body of the machine.

16.5.3. The driver shall not operate the machine unless he is completely within the driver’s compartment.

16.5.4. The vehicle shall only be operated at such speeds as permit the driver to have full control at all times.

16.5.5. The driver shall ensure that the headlights are on in the direction of travel when proceeding along a roadway.

16.5.6. The driver shall ensure that the machine is not overloaded.

16.5.7. The driver shall ensure that where he is required to pass under any cable, pipe or other structure, that there is sufficient clearance to do so safely

16.6 DESIGNATED TRANSPORT VEHICLES

16.6.1. The driver shall ensure that no more than the approved number of passengers displayed on the vehicle are carried in the vehicle.

16.6.2. The driver shall have control over his vehicle and passengers

16.6.3. The driver shall not operate the vehicle unless he is completely within the driver’s compartment.

16.6.4. The vehicle shall only be operated at such speed as permits the driver to have total control at all times.

16.7. MPV’s

16.7.1. No person other than the driver shall ride on an MPV unless it is fitted with approved seating or is set up for man transport.

16.7.2. The driver should ensure that the maximum number of persons which the vehicle is approved to carry is not exceeded.

16.7.3. The driver shall ensure that all the passengers are completely seated within the designated area before moving the vehicle.

16.7.4. The driver shall ensure that warning device are correctly fitted when using the vehicle as a man transport.

16.7.5. The maximum load to be carried shall not exceed that specified by the manufacturer.



16.8 MINESMOBILES

16.8.1. No person other than the driver shall ride on a minesmobile.


16.8.3. The vehicle shall only be operated at such speeds as permits the driver to have full control at all times.

16.8.4. The driver shall use the headlights whenever the vehicle is in motion.

16.9. PETS

16.9.1. When the vehicle is set up for man transport, the driver should ensure that the maximum number of persons which the vehicle is approved to carry is not exceeded.

16.9.2. When the machine is set up for load transport, no person other than the driver and a person in the approved passenger seat shall ride on the machine.

16.9.3. The driver shall ensure that all the passengers are completely seated within the designated area before moving the vehicle.

16.9.4. Drivers should pay particular attention when turning corners or passing obstacles whilst carrying passengers.

16.10. POWERTRAMS

16.10.1. The manager shall authorise the persons to operate a powertram.

16.10.2. The powertram should be left at idle for a minimum of 5 minutes prior to shutdown, to allow the turbocharger time to cool.

16.10.3. The transport rules should specify the type of vehicles, which can be used to assist a powertram in negotiating a drift.



16.11. GRADERS

16.11.1. The transport rules should specify the conditions under which a grade can operate including the use of warning devices.

16.11.2. No person other than the driver shall ride on a grader.


16.11.4. The driver shall use the headlights whenever the vehicle is in motion.

16.11.5. Prior to using the grader, the operator shall use appropriate signs to designate a section of roadways is being graded and any speed restrictions which are to apply.

16.12. BICYCLES

16.12.1. Before using a bicycle underground, the following should be checked to ensure safe operation:-

16.12.1.1. Tyre Pressure

16.12.1.2. Brake condition

16.12.1.3. Condition of chain



17. SURFACE VEHICLES

17.1. General

17.1.1. The Transport Rules should specify the vehicles and areas that the surface rules apply to.

17.1.2. No contractor vehicle should be allow onto the surface of the mine other than the car park without the contractor being made aware of the transport rules.

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