guidelines for atco common core content initial training _part 3_mod 6_aps
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EUROPEAN ORGANISATIONFOR THE SAFETY OF AIR NAVIGATION
EUROCONTROL
EUROPEAN AIR TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT
Guidelines for ATCOCommon Core Content
Initial Training
Part 3: Rating Training - Module 6:Approach Control SurveillanceRating with Radar Endorsement
(APS)
T14 Module 6
Edition Number : 2.0Edition Date : 10.12.2004Status : Released IssueIntended for : EATM Stakeholders
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CONTENTS
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................................................................................1
SUBJECT 1: INTRODUCTION TO THE COURSE .......................................................3
SUBJECT 2: AVIATION LAW ...........................................................................................5
SUBJECT 3: AIR TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT.................................................................9
SUBJECT 4: METEOROLOGY...................................................................................... 21
SUBJECT 5: NAVIGATION ............................................................................................ 23
SUBJECT 6: AIRCRAFT................................................................................................. 25
SUBJECT 7: HUMAN FACTORS.................................................................................. 29
SUBJECT 8: EQUIPMENT AND SYSTEMS ...............................................................33
SUBJECT 9: PROFESSIONAL ENVIRONMENT.......................................................37
SUBJECT 10: UNUSUAL/EMERGENCY SITUATIONS..............................................39
SUBJECT 11: DEGRADED SYSTEMS CAPABILITY................................................. 41
SUBJECT 12: AERODROMES ........................................................................................43
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Guidelines for ATCO Common Core Content Initial Training
Part 3: Rating Training Module 6: Approach Control Surveillance Rating with Radar Endorsement (APS)
Edition Number: 2.0 Released Issue Page 1
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Part 3, Module 6 provides the Common Core Content for Approach Control SurveillanceRating with Radar Endorsement training.
It has been designed by a multinational group of experts and meets the current requirementsof the European Manual of Personnel Licensing - Air Traffic Controllers (see EATM, 2004a L1).
The content of the rating training course is based on the assumption that the student hassuccessfully completed the Common Core Content Basic training as a prerequisite.
The course has been derived by building on the Basic Common Core Content Objectivescontained in Part 2 of this publication T14. (Readers of the paper version will find Part 2 infirst book of the binder, while Internet surfers are referred to electronic file 1of9.)
Following the tabulated format of the Common Core Content Objectives, the ApproachControl Surveillance Rating with Radar Endorsementtraining common core content hasbeen subdivided into subjects:
1. Introduction to the Course (INTR).2. Aviation Law (LAW).3. Air Traffic Management (ATM).4. Meteorology (MET).
5. Navigation (NAV).6. Aircraft (ACFT).7. Human Factors (HUM).8. Equipment and Systems (EQPM).9. Professional Environment (PENV).10. Unusual/Emergency Situations (UNINC).11. Degraded Systems Capability (DEGS).12. Aerodromes (AGA).
The order of the subjects and objectives is neither intended to convey a pedagogicalsequence nor to indicate a relative level of importance.
The training designer will need to know that the student has successfully completed theBasic training Course (i.e. Part 2 of this publication T14). The design of the ApproachControl Surveillance Rating with Radar Endorsement Course can now be based on thecombination of Basic training and Rating training - Module 6.
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TOPIC / Sub-topic
OBJECTIVES L CONTENT
2.2. Training Ethos
2.2.1. Recognise the feedbackmechanisms available
1 Instructor discussions; Training progress;Assessment; Results; Briefing; Debriefing
2.2.2. Describe the positive effect inworking together with fellowcourse participants
2 Effect of teamwork on training results inpractical training
2.3. The Assessment Process
2.3.1. Describe the assessment process 2 The assessment process, including continuousassessment,applied during the course and
associated re-sit procedures
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SUBJECT 2: AVIATION LAW
The general objective is:
Learners shall:
i. explain the principles of Aviation Law;
ii. know, understand and apply the Rules of the Air and the Regulations, including airspaceand flight planning;
iii. appreciate the authority vested in the controller and the means by which that authority isexercised.
TOPIC / Sub-topic
OBJECTIVES L CONTENT Task
1. ATC LICENSING / CERTIFICATE OF COMPETENCE
Learners shall appreciate the legal aspects associated with the ATC Licence / Certificateof Competence.
1.1. Privileges and Conditions
1.1.1. Appreciate the conditions whichmust be met for the issue ofApproach Control SurveillanceRating with Radar Endorsement
3 ESARR5 rating, valid rating
e.g. National documents, EuropeanManual of Personnel Licensing - AirTraffic Controllers
1.2. Incident/Accident
1.2.1. Explain the procedures usedfollowing an incident/accident
2 National regulations
2. RULES AND REGULATIONS
Learners shall explain and apply the Rules and Regulations which affect appropriateoperations.
2.1. Reports
2.1.1. List the standard forms forreports
1 e.g. Air traffic incident report, routineair reports, breach of regulations,watch/log book, records
2.1.2. Describe the functions of, andprocesses for, reporting
2 Reporting culture, e.g. air trafficincident report,breach of regulations,watch/log book, records
IST1
2.1.3. Explain the use of air trafficincident report form
2 ICAO Doc 4444 Appendix 4,National regulations
IST2
2.1.4. Use the air traffic incident reportform
3 e.g. ICAO Doc 4444, National forms IST2
2.1.5. Use the other forms forreporting
3 e. g. breach of regulations, routine airreports, MET reports
IST2
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TOPIC / Sub-topic
OBJECTIVES L CONTENT Task
2.2. Airspace
2.2.1. Appreciate classes of airspaceand their relevance to APSrating/endorsement operations
3 Classes A-G as appropriate; Nationalclassifications
CT4CT5.1CT5.2CT5.4CT5.5DST4
2.2.2. Provide planning, coordinationand control actions appropriateto the airspace classification
4 e.g. ICAO Annex 2; ICAO Annex 11;National requirements (AIP);International requirements; Civilrequirements; Military requirements;Areas of responsibility; Sectorisation;Airspace structure
CT4CT5.1CT5.2CT5.4CT5.5DST4
2.2.3. Appreciate the structure ofairspace and its relevance toAPSrating/endorsement
3 e.g. ICAO Annex 2; ICAO Annex 11;National requirements (AIP);International requirements; Civilrequirements; Military requirements;Areas of responsibility; Sectorisation;Airspace structure
CT4CT5.1CT5.2CT5.4CT5.5DST4
2.2.4. Provide planning, coordinationand control actions appropriateto the airspace structure
4 e.g. ICAO Annex 2; ICAO Annex 11;National requirements (AIP);International requirements; Civilrequirements; Military requirements;Areas of responsibility; Sectorisation;Airspace structure
CT4CT5.1CT5.2CT5.4CT5.5DST4
2.3. Rules of the Air
2.3.1. Provide planning, coordinationand control actions appropriateto the General Rules
4 ICAO Annex 2 Chapter 3 CT4CT5.1CT5.2CT5.4CT5.5
DST42.3.2. Provide planning, coordination
and control actions appropriateto the VFR, SVFR and IFR inVMC and IMC
4 ICAO Annex 2 Chapters 4 and 5ICAO Annex 11ICAO Doc 4444
CT4CT5.1CT5.2CT5.4CT5.5DST4
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TOPIC / Sub-topic
OBJECTIVES L CONTENT Task
2.3.3. Provide planning, coordinationand control actions appropriateto the rules for minimum safeheight and terrain clearance
4 Responsibility for terrain clearance;Terrain clearance dimensions;Minimum safe altitudes; Transitionlevel; Minimum flight level; Minimumsector altitude
CT4CT5.1CT5.2CT5.4CT5.5DST4
2.4. Flight Plans
2.4.1. Obtain flight plan information inorder to provide ATS
3 Types of FPL (RPL, CPL, AFIL, etc.);Supplementary information
CT4CT8DST4
2.4.2. Use flight plan information inorder to provide ATS 3 Types of FPL (RPL, CPL, AFIL, etc.);Supplementary information CT4CT8DST4
2.4.3. Appreciate the pilotsresponsibilities in relation toadherence to flight plan
3 Inadvertent changes; Intendedchanges; Position reporting
DST3
2.5. Special National Legislation and Procedures
2.5.1. Provide planning, coordinationand control actions inaccordance with special
National legislation andprocedures
4 AIP; NOTAM; AIC; LOAs; Nationalprocedures; Local procedures;National telecommunication
procedurese.g. Security; Environmental (noiseabatement, conservation areas fueldumping); Sensitive areas (hospitals;VIP residences); Priority allocation;Special purpose codes
CT2-3.3CT5.7CT7.4.2
3. HOLDING
Learners shall describe holding patterns and procedures.
3.1. Holding Procedures for IFR Flights
3.1.1. Describe types of holdingpatterns
2 Published; Non-published; Extended CT5.1CT5.3CT5.4
3.1.2. Describe the use of holding 2 Effect of speed, effect of level used,effect of navigation aid in use, etc.
CT5.1CT5.3CT5.4
3.1.3. Describe the purpose of holding 2 Traffic management, weather,ICAO Doc 4444, ICAO Doc 8168
CT5.1CT5.3CT5.4
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OBJECTIVES L CONTENT Task
3.1.4. Describe an ICAO holdingpattern
2 ICAO Doc 8168 - Parts of an IFRholding pattern; Entry/exit procedures;Dimensions of patterns; Protectedairspace; Holding areas; Alignment;Rates of turns; Holding times; Expectfurther clearance; Expected ApproachTimes (EATs)
CT5.1CT5.3CT5.4
3.2. Holding Procedures for VFR Flights
3.2.1. Describe the purpose of VFRholding
2
3.2.2. Describe the principles of VFRholding
2
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SUBJECT 3: AIR TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT
The general objective is:
Learners shall manage air traffic to ensure safe, orderly and expeditious services.
TOPIC / Sub-topic
OBJECTIVES L CONTENT Task
1. AIR TRAFFIC SERVICES AND AIRSPACE MANAGEMENT
Learners shall provide the appropriate services.
1.1. Air Traffic Control (ATC) Service
1.1.1. Provide the appropriate ATC
service
4 ICAO Annex 11; ICAO Doc 7030;
ICAO Doc 4444; National docs;Operation manuals
CT4
CT5
1.1.2. Appreciate own area ofresponsibility
3 CT5.0CT5.4
1.2. Flight Information Service (FIS)
1.2.1. Relay appropriate informationconcerning the location ofother conflicting traffic
3 Traffic information; Essential trafficinformation
CT3.1CT5.5
1.2.2. Provide FIS 4 ICAO Doc 4444 CT3.1CT5.5
1.2.3. Use radar for the provision ofFIS
3 ICAO Doc 4444; Information toidentified aircraft concerning: traffic,navigation, e.g. weather
1.3. Alerting Service (ALRS)
1.3.1. Provide ALRS 4 e.g. ICAO Doc 4444 - Special codes;Seek assistance (TRM); Checklist;National legislation/requirements;Overdue action; Emergency action;Uncertainty; Alert; Distress
CT7.4
1.3.2. Respond to distress andurgency messages and signals
3 ICAO Annex 10ICAO Doc 4444
CT3.1CT3.2CT7
1.3.3. Coordinate with RCC ifrequired in specific cases
4 CT3.2CT7.5.3CT7.5.4
1.3.4. Provide ALRS using radar-derived information
4
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TOPIC / Sub-topic
OBJECTIVES L CONTENT Task
1.4. Air Traffic Flow Management (ATFM)
1.4.1. Appreciate principles of ATFM 3 e.g. Working principles of ATFM, FUA,free flight, etc.
CT2.4.2CT5.0.2CT8DST5.2
1.4.2. Apply flow managementprocedures
3 CT4DST5.2CT8.1
1.4.3. Organise traffic flows andpatterns to take account of
airspace boundaries
4 e.g. Civil and Military; Controlled;Uncontrolled; Advisory; Restricted;
Danger; Prohibited; Special rules;Sector boundaries; Nationalboundaries; FIR boundaries;Delegated airspace; Transfer ofcontrol; Transfer of communications;En-route; Off-route
CT5.0CT5.4
CT8.1
1.4.4. Organise traffic flows andpatterns to take account ofareas of responsibility
4 CT5.0CT5.4CT8.1
1.4.5. Balance demand againstcapacity
5 e.g. capacity of adjacent sectors,capacity of own sector, evaluation of
personal traffic load, evaluation ofother sources of predicted traffic load
DST5
1.4.6. Inform supervisor of situation 3 e.g. Abnormal situations, decrease insector capacity, limitations on systemsand equipment, changes in workload/capacity, relevant information(e.g. reported ground-based incidents,forest fire, smoke, oil pollution),unusual meteorological conditions
IST1
1.4.7. Organise traffic flows andpatterns to take account of
radar coverage
4 CT4.1CT5.4
CT8.1
1.5. Airspace Management (ASM)
1.5.1. Appreciate the principles ofASM
3 e.g. FUA, ICAO Doc 4444 Chapter 3,EUROCONTROL ASM HBK - AirspaceManagement Handbook for theapplication of FUA
CT2.4.2DST5.2CT4.1.2CT8
1.5.2. Organise traffic to takeaccount of ASM
4 Conditional routes CT5.4CT8.1CT4.1
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TOPIC / Sub-topic
OBJECTIVES L CONTENT Task
2. COMMUNICATION
Learners shall integrate approved phraseology into effective communication.
2.1. Effective Communication
2.1.1. Use approved phraseology 3 ICAO Doc 4444 Chapter 12;ICAO Doc 9432 RTF manual;Standards words and phrases ascontained in ICAO Annex 10 Vol 2Chapter 5; National phraseology
CT3.1CT3.2
2.1.2. Perform communicationeffectively
3 Transmission techniques,ICAO Annex 1 Language Proficiency
CT3.1CT3.2
2.1.3. Analyse examples of pilot andcontroller communication for
effectiveness
4 CT3.1CT3.2
2.2. Phraseology for Unusual Events
2.2.1. Use approved phraseology 3 Distress; Urgency; Hijack; Radiofailure; Meteorological hazards; etc.
2.2.2. Apply change ofradiotelephony call sign
3 ICAO Doc 4444 Chapter 15
2.2.3. Analyse examples of pilot andcontroller communication foreffectiveness (in case ofunusual events)
4 Best practices in handling of unusualevents
CT3.1CT3.2
2.2.4. Interpret the rules to providean effective service whereapproved phraseology is notavailable
5 e.g. Receiver only, transmitter only,speechless aircraft, incompletemessages, etc.
CT3.1CT3.2
3. ATC CLEARANCES AND ATC INSTRUCTIONS
Learners shall provide appropriate clearances and instructions and shall integrate themin the provision of control service.
3.1. ATC Clearances3.1.1. Issue appropriate ATC
clearances3 CT5
3.1.2. Integrate appropriate ATC
clearances in control service4
3.2. ATC Instructions
3.2.1. Issue appropriate ATCinstructions
3 CT4CT5
3.2.2. Integrate appropriate ATCinstructions in control service
4
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TOPIC / Sub-topic
OBJECTIVES L CONTENT Task
4. COORDINATION
Learners shall select and apply appropriate coordination.
4.1. Necessity
4.1.1. Identify the need forcoordination
3 CT4CT3
4.2. Tools and Methods
4.2.1. Use the available tools forcoordination
3 e.g. Electronic transfer of flight data;Telephone; Interphone; Intercom;
Direct speech; Radiotelephone (RTF);Local agreements, ICAO Doc 4444
CT4CT3
4.3. Coordination Procedures
4.3.1. Initiate appropriatecoordination
3 Delegation/transfer of responsibility forair-ground communications andseparation, release point, transfer ofcontrol, etc.
ICAO Doc 4444
CT4CT3
4.3.2. Analyse effect of coordination
requested by an adjacentoperational position
4 Delegation/transfer of responsibility for
air-ground communications andseparation, release point, transfer ofcontrol, etc.
4.3.3. Select, after negotiation, anappropriate course of action
5 Including the cases:
When additional traffic cannot beaccepted by adjacent control position;When additional traffic cannot beaccepted by own control position
4.3.4. Ensure the agreed course ofaction is carried out
4
4.3.5. Coordinate in the provision ofFIS
4 ICAO Doc 4444 Chapter 10 CT4
4.3.6. Coordinate in the provision ofALRS
4 ICAO Doc 4444 Chapter 10 CT4
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TOPIC / Sub-topic
OBJECTIVES L CONTENT Task
5. ALTIMETRY AND LEVEL ALLOCATION
Learners shall calculate and allocate appropriate levels to aircraft.
5.1. Altimetry
5.1.1. Calculate appropriate levels 3 e.g. Transition level, transition altitude,transition layer, height, flight level,altitude, vertical distance to airspaceboundaries
CT4CT5
5.1.2. Allocate levels (height, altitude,flight level) according toaltimetry data
4 ICAO Doc 8168 CT4CT5
5.1.3. Ensure separations accordingto altimetry data
4 e.g. Transition level, transition altitude,transition layer, height, flight level,altitude, vertical distance to airspaceboundaries
CT4CT5
5.2. Terrain Clearance
5.2.1. Integrate safe vertical distancefrom terrain into controlactions
4 e.g. Lowest available flight level,minimum safe altitude, minimum sectoraltitude
CT4CT5
5.2.2. Ensure safe vertical distance
from terrain
4 e.g. Radar vectoring area, lowest
available flight level; minimum safealtitude
CT4
CT5
6. SEPARATION STANDARDS
Learners shall select and maintain appropriate separation between aircraft.
6.1. Vertical Separation
6.1.1. Provide standard verticalseparation
4 ICAO Doc 4444; ICAO Doc 7030;Level allocation; During climb/descent;Rate of climb/descent; RVSM
CT4CT5.1CT5.3DST4
6.1.2. Provide increased verticalseparation
4 ICAO Doc 4444; ICAO Doc 7030;Level allocation; During climb/descent;Rate of climb/descent
CT4CT5.1CT5.3DST4
6.1.3. Provide reduced verticalseparation
4 ICAO Doc 4444; ICAO Doc 7030;Level allocation; During climb/descent;Rate of climb/descent
CT4CT5.1CT5.3DST4
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TOPIC / Sub-topic
OBJECTIVES L CONTENT Task
6.1.4. Provide emergency verticalseparation
4 ICAO Doc 4444; ICAO Doc 7030;Level allocation; During climb/descent;Rate of climb/descent
CT4CT5.1CT5.3DST4
6.1.5. Provide vertical separation ina radar environment
4 Into/out of radar cover;Mode-C derived information
CT4CT5.1CT5.3
6.2. Horizontal Separation
6.2.1. Provide longitudinalseparation in a radarenvironment
4 Within radar coverage; Speed control;Mach number speed control
6.3. Delegation of Separation
6.3.1. Delegate separation in thecase of aircraft continuingvisually
4
6.3.2. Delegate separation to pilotsin the case of VMCclimb/descent
4
6.4. Wake Turbulence Separation
6.4.1. Provide wake turbulenceseparation
4 CT5.1
6.5. Radar Separation
6.5.1. Describe how radar separationis applied
2 On an analogue radar display, on asynthetic radar display, betweenprimary radar blips, betweensecondary radar responses, primary vssecondary Radar Position Symbols(RPS)
6.5.2. Provide radar separation 4 ICAO Doc 4444; ICAO Doc 7030;Standard; Increased; Reduced;Emergency separations; Speedcontrol; National procedures
CT4CT5.1
DST4
6.5.3. Provide radar separation bypractising radar vectoring in avariety of situations
4 e.g. transit, meteorologicalphenomena, vectoring for approach,departure vs transit vs arrival
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TOPIC / Sub-topic
OBJECTIVES L CONTENT Task
7. COLLISION AVOIDANCE AND SAFETY NETS
Learners shall respond to any type of collision avoidance system notification.
7.1. Airborne
7.1.1. Respond to pilot notification ofactions based on airbornesystems warnings
3 ACAS; GPWS
7.2. Ground
7.2.1. Respond to ground-basedcollision avoidance system
warnings
3 MTCA; STCA; MSAW; etc.
8. DATA DISPLAY
Learners shall analyse data in order to manage air traffic.
8.1. Data Management
8.1.1. Update the data display toaccurately reflect the trafficsituation
3 e.g. Information displayed, stripmarking procedures, electronicinformation data displays, actionsbased on traffic display information,calculation of EETs
DST3CT4DST4
8.1.2. Analyse pertinent data on datadisplays
4 CT5.0
8.1.3. Organise pertinent data ondata displays
4 CT5.0
81.4. Process pertinent data on datadisplays
3
9. OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENT
Learners shall recognise and maintain the integrity of the simulated operationalenvironment.
9.1. Integrity of the Operational Environment9.1.1. Obtain information concerning
the operational environment3 e.g. Briefing; takeover, handover,
notices, local orders, verify informationDST1DST6.2
9.1.2. Check and maintain theintegrity of the operationalenvironment
3 e.g. Integrity of displays; Verify theinformation provided by displays; etc.
DST1
9.1.3. Transfer information to therelieving controller
3 e.g. Briefing; takeover, handover,notices, local orders, verify information
DST1
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OBJECTIVES L CONTENT Task
9.2. Verification of the Currency of Operational Procedures
9.2.1. Check all relevantdocumentation beforemanaging traffic
3 e.g. Briefing; LOAs; NOTAM; AICs DST1
9.2.2. Manage traffic in accordancewith procedural changes
4 DST1
10. PROVISION OF CONTROL SERVICE
Learners shall provide an appropriate control service, applicable to the APSrating/endorsement
10.1. Responsibility and Processing of Information10.1.1. Describe the division of
responsibility between airtraffic control units
2 ICAO Doc 4444 Chapter 4;National requirements
10.1.2. Describe the responsibility inregard to military traffic
2 ICAO Doc 4444 Chapter 16;National requirements
10.1.3.Obtain operational information 3 ICAO Doc 4444;Local operational manuals
10.1.4. Interpret operationalinformation
5
10.1.5. Organise forwarding ofoperational information
4
10.1.6. Integrate operationalinformation into controldecisions
4
10.2. Control Service with Radar
10.2.1. Explain the responsibility forthe provision of radar controlservice appropriate to APSrating/endorsement
2 ICAO Doc 4444;ICAO Annex 11;Local operational manuals
10.2.2. Explain the functions that canbe performed with the use ofradar-derived information
2 ICAO Doc 4444
Sequencing; speed control; holding;arriving, departing and/or transit traffic,EATs
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TOPIC / Sub-topic
OBJECTIVES L CONTENT Task
11. HOLDING
Learners shall manage holding traffic.
11.1. Holding
11.1.1. Use holding patterns 3 ICAO Doc 4444;Separation from holding patterns
CT5.1CT5.3CT5.4
11.1.2. Issue holding instructions 3
11.1.3. Consider the effect of: wind,aircraft, speed, rate of turn,
height, aircraft type, aircraftperformance
2
11.1.4. Allocate holding levels 4
11.1.5. Provide vertical separationbetween aircraft in a holdingpattern
4
11.1.6. Provide vertical separationbetween aircraft in a holdingpattern and transiting aircraft
4
11.1.7. Calculate Expected
Approach Times (EATs)
3
11.1.8. Provide separation betweenaircraft in a holding patternand departing traffic
4
11.1.9. Update EATs 3
11.1.10. Manage holding traffic onintermediate approachprocedures
4
11.1.11. Organise the traffic landingsequence in a holdingpattern
4 Change of sequence due to: aircraftperformance, aircraft approachcapability, ILS categories,e.g. company preference
11.1.12. Manage holding traffic onfinal approach procedures
4
11.1.13. Provide holding levels fortraffic returning to the holdingpattern following a missedapproach
4
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11.2. Holding in a Radar Environment
11.2.1. Provide vectors to aircraftentering a holding pattern
4
11.2.2. Ensure vertical separationexists before radar separationis lost
4
11.2.3. Provide vectors to transitingaircraft to ensure radarseparation from a holding area
4
11.2.4. Provide vectors to aircraftleaving a holding pattern
4
11.2.5. Ensure re-identification ofaircraft leaving a holdingpattern
4
11.2.6. Maintain vertical separationuntil radar separation isestablished
3
12. RADAR IDENTIFICATION
Learners shall:
i. establish and maintain radar identification;ii. respond to a loss of radar identification.
12.1. Establishment of Radar Identification
12.1.1. Apply the methods ofestablishing radar identificationusing primary radar
3 ICAO Doc 4444
12.1.2. Appreciate the precautionswhen establishing radaridentification using primary
radar
3
12.1.3. Apply methods of establishingradar identification usingsecondary radar
3
12.1.4. Appreciate the precautionswhen establishing radaridentification using secondaryradar
3
12.1.5. Apply procedures in the caseof misidentification
3
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12.2. Maintenance of Radar Identification
12.2.1. Appreciate the necessity tomaintain radar identification
3
12.3. Loss of Radar Identity
12.3.1. Appreciate when an aircraftidentification is lost or in doubt
3 e.g. Out of radar coverage,loss of radar service, weather clutter,other clutter, garbling, etc.
12.3.2. Apply methods to re-establishradar identification
3
12.3.3. Respond to loss/doubtconcerning radar identification 3 Non-radar procedures
12.4. Position Information
12.4.1. Appreciate the circumstanceswhen radar positioninformation should be passedto the aircraft
3
12.5. Transfer of Identity
12.5.1. Apply the methods of transferof radar identification
3
12.5.2. Appreciate the precautionswhen transferring radaridentification
3
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SUBJECT 4: METEOROLOGY
The general objective is:
Learners shall acquire, decode and make proper use of Meteorological information relevantto the provision of ATS.
TOPIC / Sub-topic
OBJECTIVES L CONTENT Task
1. METEOROLOGICAL PHENOMENA
Learners shall analyse and take account of meteorological phenomena in controlactions.
1.1. Planning and Coordination
1.1.1. Analyse data aboutmeteorological phenomena
4 Wind; Clouds; Precipitation; Pressuresettings; Thunderstorms; Icing;Jetstreams; Clear Air Turbulence (CAT);Turbulence; Microburst; Marked mountainwaves; Line squalls; e.g. Solar radiation
CT5.1CT5.2CT5.3
1.1.2. Integrate data into planningand coordination
4 e.g. wind, clouds, precipitation, pressuresetting
1.2. Weather Avoidance
1.2.1. Use techniques to avoid
adverse weather whennecessary/possible
3 Radar vectoring; level change; etc.
1.3. Clearances and Instructions
1.3.1. Analyse data aboutmeteorological phenomena
4 Wind; Clouds; Precipitation; Pressuresettings; Thunderstorms; Icing;Jetstreams; CAT; Turbulence; Microburst;Marked mountain waves; Line squalls;e.g. Solar radiation
CT5.1CT5.2CT5.3
1.3.2. Integrate data aboutmeteorological phenomenainto clearances andinstructions
4 Wind; Clouds; Precipitation; Pressuresettings; Thunderstorms; Icing;Jetstreams; CAT; Turbulence; Microburst;Marked mountain waves; Line squalls;e.g. Solar radiation
1.4. Information
1.4.1. Obtain meteorologicalinformation
3 Wind; Clouds; Precipitation; Pressuresettings; Thunderstorms; Icing;Jetstreams; CAT; Turbulence; Microburst;Marked mountain waves; Line squalls;e.g Solar radiation
CT5.1CT5.2CT5.3
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1.4.2. Relay meteorologicalinformation
3 To: Aircraft, e.g. meteorological office;flight information centre
1.4.3. Decode meteorologicalinformation
3
1.4.4. Analyse data aboutmeteorological phenomena
4
1.4.5. Integrate data intotransmitted information
4 Wind; Clouds; Precipitation; Pressuresettings; Thunderstorms, Icing;Jetstreams; CAT; Turbulence; Microburst;Marked mountain waves; Line squalls;
e.g. Solar radiation
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SUBJECT 5: NAVIGATION
The general objective is:
Learners shall analyse all Navigational aspects in order to organise the traffic.
TOPIC / Sub-topic
OBJECTIVES L CONTENT Task
1. MAPS AND AERONAUTICAL CHARTS
Learners shall use the information on maps and charts.
1.1. Maps and Charts
1.1.1. Use maps and charts for planningand coordination purposes 3
2. APPLIED NAVIGATION
Learners shall evaluate the status of navigational systems and integrate this into controldecisions.
2.1. Pilot Interpreted Ground-based Systems
2.1.1. Anticipate the behaviour of aircraftaccording to the operational statusof navigational ground-based
systems
4 e.g. limitations, status CT6DST5
2.2. On-board Systems
2.2.1. Anticipate the behaviour of aircraftaccording to the operational statusof navigational on-board systems
4 e.g. limitations
2.3. Satellite-based Systems
2.3.1. Anticipate the behaviour of aircraftaccording to the operational statusof navigational satellite-based
systems
4 GNSS, e.g. GPS; GLONASS
2.4. Future Developments
2.4.1. Be informed about existing projectsand developments which willimpact on the work in the future
0 e.g. Briefing, Seminars, Courses,Workshops, Technical journals,Aviation journals
DST6
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2.5. Navigational Assistance
2.5.1. Evaluate the necessary informationto be provided to pilots in need ofnavigational assistance
5 e.g. Nearest most suitableaerodrome; Track; Heading;Distance; Aerodrome information;Any other navigational assistancerelevant at the time
CT7.5
2.5.2. Assist aircraft observed to bedeviating from its known intendedroute
3
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SUBJECT 6: AIRCRAFT
The general objective is:
Learners shall assess Aircraft performance to integrate it into traffic organisation.
TOPIC / Sub-topic
OBJECTIVES L CONTENT Task
1. AIRCRAFT INSTRUMENTS
Learners shall integrate the information provided by the pilot into the traffic situation.
1.1. Aircraft Instruments
1.1.1. Integrate the information
provided by the pilot into thetraffic situation
4 Flight instruments; Engine instruments;
Navigational instruments; e.g. NDB(ADF); VOR (TACAN); DME; ILS;MLS; Additional instruments; TCAS;SSR transponder; Head up display;GPWS; Wind shear indicator; Weatherradar; FMS; EFIS
CT5.1
CT5.2CT5.3
1.1.2. Explain the operation ofaircraft radio equipment
2 e.g. Radios (number of); Emergencyradios; SELCAL
CT3
1.1.3. Explain the operation oftransponder equipment
2 Transponders: equipment Mode A,Mode C, Mode S
1.1.4. Explain the operation ofCPDLC
2
2. AIRCRAFT TYPES AND CATEGORIES
Learners shall characterise wake turbulence and ICAO approach categories.
2.1. Wake Turbulence Categories
2.1.1. Characterise each waketurbulence category andexplain how to prevent theireffect on other aircraft
2 ICAO Doc 4444 Chapters 4 and 8;National wake turbulence categories
CT5.1CT5.2
2.2. ICAO Approach Categories
2.2.1. Characterise each ICAOapproach category andexplain why procedures areestablished accordingly
2 ICAO Doc 8168 Part 3 CT5.1CT5.2
2.2.2. Consider ICAO approachaircraft categories forplanning purposes
2 Categories A, B, C, D, E, F
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OBJECTIVES L CONTENT Task
3. FACTORS AFFECTING AIRCRAFT PERFORMANCELearners shall integrate aircraft performance factors in the provision of control service.
3.1. Climb
3.1.1. Integrate the effect of factorsaffecting aircraft (a/c) duringclimb into the analysis oftraffic situations
4 CT5.1CT5.2
3.2. Descent and Initial Approach
3.2.1. Integrate the effect of factorsaffecting a/c during descent
and initial approach into theanalysis of traffic situations
4 CT5.1CT5.2
3.3. Final Approach and Landing
3.3.1. Estimate the influence offactors affecting a/c duringfinal approach and landingdescent
3 Aircraft configuration; Weight;Meteorological conditions; Runwayconditions
3.3.2. Integrate the influence offactors affecting a/c duringfinal approach and landing
descent in the managementof the traffic
4 CT5.1CT5.2
3.4. Economic Factors
3.4.1. Integrate consideration ofeconomic factors into controlactions
4 Routing; Flight level; Speed; Rates ofclimb or descent
CT5.1CT5.2CT5.7
3.4.2. Use continuous climbtechniques where applicable
3 CT5.5CT5.7
3.4.3. Use direct routing whereapplicable
3 CT5.5CT5.7
3.5. Miscellaneous Factors3.5.1. Integrate operational
requirements into planning4 e.g. Military flying; Calibration flights;
Aerial photographyCT5.1CT5.2
3.5.2. Integrate factors affecting a/cinto planning
4 Message relays regarding performance CT4
3.5.3. Explain the effect of antennashadowing on RTFcommunications
2 CT3
3.5.4. Explain the effect of antennashadowing on SSR operation
2
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OBJECTIVES L CONTENT Task
3.6. Ecological Factors
3.6.1. Integrate ecologicalrestrictions into trafficplanning and control actions
4 e.g. Fuel dumping; Noise abatementprocedures; Minimum flight levels
CT5.1CT5.2CT5.7
4. AIRCRAFT DATA
Learners shall integrate aircraft performance data into control decisions.
4.1. Performance Data
4.1.1. Apply control actions relevantto typical aircraft types and
performance data
3 Rate of climb/descent; cruising speed;Ceiling; Turn inertia; etc.
CT5.1CT5.2
4.1.2. Integrate the averageperformance data for theprovision of control service
4 Performance data under arepresentative variety of circumstances
CT5.1CT5.2
4.1.3. Identify potential or actualemergency situations
3 CT5.1CT5.2
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SUBJECT 7: HUMAN FACTORS
The general objective is:
Learners shall:
i. recognise the necessity to constantly extend their knowledge,ii. analyse factors which affect personal and team performance.
TOPIC / Sub-topic
OBJECTIVES L CONTENT Task
1. PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS
Learners shall relate psychological factors to the decision-making process.
1.1. Cognitive
1.1.1. Describe the factors whichinfluence decision-making
2 e.g. Stress; Learning; Knowledge;Fatigue; Alcohol/drugs; Distraction;Interpersonal relations; TeamResource Management (TRM)
CT1CT2
1.1.2. Relate human factors todecision-making
4
2. MEDICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL FACTORS
Learners shall respond to fatigue and lack of personal fitness in the performance of
their duties.
2.1. Fatigue
2.1.1. Describe the onset of fatigue 2 e.g. Lack of concentration;Listlessness; Irritability; Frustration
2.1.2. Recognise the onset of fatiguein self
1
2.1.3. Recognise the onset of fatiguein others
1
2.1.4. Respond to indications offatigue in an appropriatemanner
3
2.2. Fitness
2.2.1. Recognise signs of lack ofpersonal fitness
1
2.2.2. Describe actions when awareof a lack of personal fitness
2
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3. SOCIAL AND ORGANISATIONAL FACTORS
Learners shall develop teamwork attitudes
3.1. Human Relations
3.1.1. Apply social and organisationalfactors to work with other teammembers
3
3.2. Team Resource Management (TRM)
3.2.1. State the objectives of TRM 1 Suggested reference: EATCHIPGuidelines for Developing and
Implementing Team ResourceManagement
3.3. Group Dynamics
3.3.1. Identify the professionalrelationships betweenmembers of the group
3 CT7
3.3.2. Identify the reasons for conflict 3
3.3.3. Describe actions to preventhuman conflicts.
2
3.3.4. Take account of TRMprogrammes 2 TRM; CISM
3.3.5. Respond to the application ofTRM techniques
3 e.g. Role of members, allocation ofresponsibilities within the team,benefits of having other teammembers to rely on, safety aspects,assistance in abnormal situations,TRM
CT5.5CT6CT7.1DST1DST5
4. COMMUNICATION
Learners shall:
i. accurately complete written reports;
ii. express themselves clearly so as to be understood by other team members andcolleagues.
4.1. Written Work
4.1.1. Record information by writingeffectively
3 e.g. Strips; Reports; Log-books CT7DST3
4.1.2. Pass information by writingeffectively
3 e.g. Strips; Reports; Log-books CT7DST3
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TOPIC / Sub-topic
OBJECTIVES L CONTENT Task
4.2. Verbal/non-verbal Communication
4.2.1. Recognise humancommunication theory
1 e.g. Different languages; Air trafficlanguage
4.2.2. Characterise the factors whichaffect verbal communication
2 e.g. Speed of speech; Frequency;Volume; Background noise
4.2.3. Characterise non-verbalcommunication
2 e.g. Body language; Facialexpressions
4.2.4. Use language effectively in thepractice of ATC
3 CT3CT4CT7
DST4
5. STRESS
Learners shall integrate stress management procedures in the performance of theirduties.
5.1. Stress
5.1.1. Recognise the effects of stress 1 Stress and its symptoms in self andin others
CT7.1DST5
5.2. Helplessness
5.2.1. Respond to feelings ofhelplessness 3 Normal/abnormal situations CT7.1
5.3. Stress Management
5.3.1. Act to relieve or minimisestress in self and/or others
3 The effect of personality in copingwith stress; The benefits of activestress management
CT7.1
5.3.2. Obtain assistance in stressfulsituations
3 TRM; CISM; The benefits ofoffering and accepting help instress situations
CT7.1
5.3.3. Recognise the effect of
shocking and stressful events
1 Self and others; Abnormal
situations; CISM; TRM
CT7.1
5.3.4. Consider the benefits ofCritical Incident StressManagement (CISM)
2 CT5.5CT7.1
5.3.5. Explain the procedures usedfollowing an incident/accident
2 CISM;National/local procedures and/orregulations; Counselling; Humanelement
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OBJECTIVES L CONTENT Task
6. HUMAN ERROR
Learners shall be able to discuss the concept of human error in the appropriateenvironment.
6.1. Human Error
6.1.1. Explain the relationshipbetween error and safety
2 Number and combination of errors,pro-active versus reactiveapproach to discovery of error
6.1.2. Differentiate between the typesof error
2 e.g. Slips; Lapses; Mistakes;Violations
6.1.3. Differentiate between errorsand violations
2
6.1.4. Describe error-proneconditions
2 e.g. increase in traffic
7. WORKING METHODS
Learners shall discuss the effect of human factors consideration on efficiency.
7.1. Efficiency
7.1.1. Consider, from a humanfactors point of view, the
factors affecting efficiency inthe provision of air trafficcontrol
2 Own and others workload, OJT,customer requirements, economy,
ecology, safety
CT8
8. WORKING KNOWLEDGE
Learners shall maintain and update professional knowledge.
8.1. Controller Knowledge
8.1.1. Maintain and updateprofessional knowledge toretain competence in theoperational environment
3 e.g. Briefing; LOAs; NOTAM; AICs;Reports of accident/incident;VOLMET; ATIS; SIGMET
DST6DST1
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SUBJECT 8: EQUIPMENT AND SYSTEMS
The general objective is:
Learners shall:
i. demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the basic working principles of Equipmentthat is in general use in ATS;
ii. select and operate the appropriate Equipment in order to provide a safe and efficientATC service in a simulated environment;
iii. understand the significance of Equipment and Systems limitations.
TOPIC / Sub-topic
OBJECTIVES L CONTENT Task
1. GENERAL
Learners shall be familiar with typical equipment to be found in a control environment.
1.1. ATC Equipment
1.1.1. Maintain the technical integrityof the operational position
3 Notification procedures;Responsibilities
DST4
1.1.2. Operate the various items ofequipment in the simulator
3 Electronic displays; Flight progressboard (strip display); Meaning ofcolours
DST3
1.1.3. Operate all available equipmentin unusual/emergencysituations
3 CT7
1.2. Controller Knowledge
1.2.1. Explain the importance ofmaintaining professionalknowledge concerning newequipment
2 DST6
1.2.2. List the available means tomaintain professionalknowledge
1 e.g. Briefing; Seminars; Courses;Workshops; Technical journals;Aviation journals; Familiarisation
flights
DST6
2. RADIO
Learners shall correctly operate the radio and direction finding equipment.
2.1. Radio Theory
2.1.1. Consider radio range 2 Transfer to another frequency;Apparent radio failure; Failure toestablish radio contact
CT4CT1
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OBJECTIVES L CONTENT Task
2.2. Radio Communications2.2.1. Operate two-way
communication3 Equipment; Procedures; Frequency
selection; All available equipment inunusual/emergency situations
CT4CT7
2.2.2. Check for indications of correctoperation of radio equipment
3 Indicator lights; Serviceability displays;Selector/frequency displays
2.2.3. Check for faulty operation ofradio equipment
3 Indicator lights; Serviceability displays;Selector/frequency displays
2.2.4. Initiate corrective action whenfaulty operation is detected
3 In accordance with local instructionsand procedures
2.3. Direction Finding
2.3.1. Measure and decode directionfinding information
3 e.g. ADF/UDF/VDF; QDM; QDR; QTE CT6
2.3.2. Operate direction findinginformation to assist inmanaging a safe orderly andexpeditious flow of traffic
3 ADF/UDF/VDF CT6
3. OTHER VOICE COMMUNICATIONS
Learners shall operate the communication equipment.
3.1. ATC Communications
3.1.1. Operate telephone, interphoneand intercom equipment
3 In accordance with local instructionsand procedures
CT4DST4
4. FUTURE EQUIPMENT
Learners shall be aware of known future developments.
4.1. New Developments
4.1.1. Be aware of futuredevelopments
0 e.g. Voice recognition, Mode S CT3
5. AUTOMATION IN ATS
Learners shall extract appropriate information from automated data.
5.1. Aeronautical Fixed Telecommunication Network (AFTN)
5.1.1. Identify and decode theinformation disseminatedthrough AFTN
3 e.g. Aircraft movement messages;NOTAM; SNOWTAM; BIRDTAM; etc.
5.2. Automatic Data Interchange
5.2.1. Operate automatic data transferequipment
3 e.g. OLDI
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TOPIC / Sub-topic
OBJECTIVES L CONTENT Task
6. CONTROLLER WORKING POSITION
Learners shall identify and operate the equipment and obtain the information provided.
6.1. General
6.1.1. Operate the equipment of thecontroller working position
3 DST1
6.2. Information Systems
6.2.1. Check availability of informationmaterial
3 DST1
6.3. Flight Data Systems
6.3.1. Identify and obtain the flightdata information at controllerworking position
3 CT4DST4
7. EQUIPMENT AND SYSTEMS LIMITATIONS
Learners shall understand the significance of equipment and systems limitations.
7.1. Equipment and Systems Limitations
7.1.1. Take account of the limitationsof equipment and systems
2 DST5
8. RADAR
Learners shall use the radar equipment.
8.1. Use of Radars
8.1.1. Operate radar equipment 3 Switch on and adjust settings inaccordance with local instructions
8.1.2. Operate appropriate anti-clutterdevices
3 In accordance with local instructions;Weather clutter; Permanent echoes;Unwanted targets
8.1.3. Analyse the informationprovided by the radar
equipment
4 Labels, video maps, etc.
8.2. Secondary Radar
8.2.1. Explain code management 2 Normal codes; Special codes;International; National; Local
CT4DST4
8.2.2. Allocate codes 4 CT4DST4
8.2.3. Appreciate the use of Mode S 3 Data which can be exchanged,limitations, advantages,disadvantages
CT3.3
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SUBJECT 9: PROFESSIONAL ENVIRONMENT
The general objective is:
Learners shall identify the need for close cooperation with other parties concerning ATMoperations and the importance of environmental protection.
TOPIC / Sub-topic
OBJECTIVES L CONTENT Task
1. PROFESSIONAL ENVIRONMENT
Learners shall enhance their knowledge and understanding of ATC.
1.1. Contributors to ATS operations
1.1.1. Characterise civil and militaryATS activities
2 Familiarisation visits to e.g. TWR, APP,ACC, AIS, RCC, Air Defence Units
1.1.2. Characterise other partiesinterfacing with ATSoperations
2 Familiarisation visits to e.g. engineeringservices, fire and emergency services,airline operations offices
1.2. Customer Relations
1.2.1. Identify the role of ATC as aservice provider and therequirements of the ATSusers
3 e.g. familiarisation flights, flightsimulator visits, liaison visits to airlineand/or airfield operators
1.3. Environmental Protection
1.3.1. Describe the processes usedto ensure environmentalprotection
2 e.g. night curfews, relations with localcommunity, relations with environmentalassociations, relevant administrations
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SUBJECT 10: UNUSUAL/EMERGENCY SITUATIONS
The general objective is:
Learners shall manage air traffic in Unusual/Emergency Situations.
TOPIC / Sub-topic
OBJECTIVES L CONTENT Task
1. UNUSUAL/EMERGENCY SITUATIONS
1.1. General
1.1.1. List aircraft failures and
unusual/emergency situations
1 e.g. the 16 situations from the EATM
deliverable plus airframe failure,CESAVAC flights, GPWS alerts
1.1.2. Apply the procedures for givenunusual/emergency situations
3
1.2. Radio Failure
1.2.1. Apply procedures when acontroller experiences completeor partial failure of ground radiocommunication equipment
3 ICAO Doc 4444 Chapter 15
1.2.2. Apply the procedures to befollowed when a pilotexperiences complete or partialradio failure
3 ICAO Doc 7030
e.g. Civil, military, special Nationalprocedures
1. 3. Diversions
1.3.1. Provide flight information todiverting emergency aircraft
4 e.g. Nearest most suitableaerodrome; Aerodrome information
1.3.2. Provide flight information toother aircraft
4 e.g. Concerning an emergencydescent
1.3.3. Perform appropriate
coordination
3 e.g. Other sectors and ATC units,
etc.1.3.4. Provide navigational assistance
to diverting emergency aircraft4 Track/heading; Distance; Other
navigational assistance
1.3.5. Provide radar vectoring todiverting emergency aircraft
4
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TOPIC / Sub-topic
OBJECTIVES L CONTENT Task
1.4. Unlawful Interference and Aircraft Bomb Threat
1.4.1. Apply ATC proceduresassociated with unlawfulinterference and aircraft bombthreat
3 ICAO Doc 4444 Chapter 15
1.5. Strayed or Unidentified Aircraft
1.5.1. Apply the procedures in thecase of strayed aircraft
3 ICAO Doc 4444 Chapter 15
1.5.2. Apply the procedures in thecase of unidentified aircraft
3 ICAO Doc 4444 Chapter 15
1.6. Transponder Failure
1.6.1. Apply procedures in the eventof a SSR transponder failure
3 e.g. Total, Partial; Nationalregulations; ICAO Doc 4444; ICAODoc 7030
1.7. Radar Vectoring Outside Controlled Airspace
1.7.1. Explain the circumstanceswhich may require aircraft to bevectored out of controlledairspace
2 Weather avoidance, emergency,traffic avoidance, pilot request
1.7.2. Apply procedures regardingvectoring out of control airspace
3 e.g. Coordination, information toaircraft
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SUBJECT 11: DEGRADED SYSTEMS CAPABILITY
The general objective is:
Learners shall integrate system degradation procedures in the management of air traffic.
TOPIC / Sub-topic
OBJECTIVES L CONTENT Task
1. COMMUNICATION EQUIPMENT
Learners shall ensure the transfer of data by alternative methods.
1.1. Ground-Air Radio Equipment
1.1.1. Identify that ground radioequipment has degraded
3 e.g. VHF; UHF; HF
1.1.2. Provide information to aircraftusing standby/backup equipment
4
1.2. Ground-Ground Equipment
1.2.1. Identify that equipment hasdegraded
3 e.g. Telephone; Interphone;Intercom
1.2.2. Provide information to adjacentsectors by using standby/backupequipment
4
1.3. Datalink Equipment
1.3.1. Identify that datalink equipmenthas degraded
3 e.g. Mode S; Automatic datatransfer; Automatic coordination
1.3.2. Use alternative methods oftransferring data between
ground and aircraft
3 e.g. Ground-air radio
1.3.3. Use alternative methods oftransferring data between units/workstations
3 e.g. Telephone; Direct pointing;Intercom
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OBJECTIVES L CONTENT Task
2. SURVEILLANCE EQUIPMENT
Learners shall respond to degradation of surveillance equipment.
2.1. Partial or Total Degradation
2.1.1. Identify that surveillanceequipment has degraded
3 Partial power failure; Loss of certainfacilities; Total failure
2.1.2. Integrate remedial proceduresand/or techniques
4 e.g. Inform adjacent sectors; Informaircraft; Apply vertical separation(emergency, increased); Increased
radar separation; Reduce thenumber of aircraft entering area ofresponsibility; Transfer aircraft toanother unit
3. PROCESSING SYSTEMS
Learners shall respond to degradation in the processing systems associated with thesurveillance equipment.
3.1. ATC Processing System Degradation
3.1.1. Identify a processing systemdegradation
3 e.g. FPS; RDPS; Softwareprocessing of surveillance display
3.1.2. Integrate appropriate procedurefollowing a processing systemdegradation
4 e.g. National procedures; Local unitprocedures
4. NAVIGATION EQUIPMENT
Learners shall respond to the degradation of non-surveillance navigation equipment.
4.1. Navigational Aid Degradation
4.1.1. Identify when a navigationalequipment failure will affectoperational ability
3 e.g. VOR; Navigational aids
4.1.2. Integrate appropriate proceduresin the event of a navigationalequipment failure
4 e.g. Vertical separation (standard,emergency); Other non-radarseparation (geographical, visual);Inform aircraft; Seek assistancefrom adjacent units
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TOPIC / Sub-topic
OBJECTIVES L CONTENT Task
2.3. Runways
2.3.1. Describe runway 2 Runway; Runway surface; Runwaystrip; Shoulder; Runway end safetyareas; Clearways; Stopways
2.3.2. Describe instrument runway 2 ICAO Annex 14
2.3.3. Describe non-instrument runway 2 ICAO Annex 14
2.3.4. Explain declared distances 2 TORA; TODA; ASDA; LDA
2.3.5. Explain the differences between
ACN and PCN
2 Strength of pavements
2.3.6. Explain the numbering systemand orientation of runways
2 Deka degrees; Left; Centre; Right
2.3.7. Describe the daylight markingson runways
2 e.g. Colour; Designation;Centreline; Threshold; Aimingpoint; Fixed distance; Touchdownzone; Side strip
2.3.8. Describe runway lights 2 e.g. Colour; Centreline; Intensity;Edge; Touchdown zone; Threshold;
Barettes
2.3.9. Explain the functions of visuallanding aids
2 e.g. AVASI; VASI; PAPI
2.3.10. Describe the approach lightingsystems
2 Centre line; cross bars;Stroboscopic; Colours; Intensityand brightness
2.3.11. Characterise the effect ofwater/ice on runways
2 Damp; Wet; Water patches;Flooding; Snow; Slush; Ice
2.3.12. Describe braking action 2
2.3.13. Explain the runway visual range 2
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TOPIC / Sub-topic
OBJECTIVES L CONTENT Task
3. OBSTACLES
3.1. General
3.1.1. Explain the standards andrecommendations for obstaclerestrictions
2 Obstacle limitation surfaces;Obstacle limitation requirements;Objects outside the obstaclelimitation surfaces; Other obstacles
3.2. Obstacle Limitation Surfaces
3.2.1. Explain obstacle clearance
surfaces
2 Outer horizontal; Conical; Inner
approach; Transitional; Innertransitional; Balked landing;Takeoff climb
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