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  • jdG HdG

    ZG jd

    edG GSEd cJhH Vh

    jGh LdG e

    e W

    1

    content 6/13/07 10:06 AM Page 8

  • jdG HdG'' dG dG e e dc

    :''ZG jd

    LdG e edG GSEd cJhH Vh

    .e W - jGh

    ,ZG jV -3 ,LdG -2 ,ZG -1

    FdG -6 ,LdG cJhdG -5 ,IQG -4

    Ve -kfK - dG dG e khCG .jOTQEG

    LdG hDd edG IG CG

    edG IG CG Ve/dG dG e

    ,LdG hDd2004

    Ye Y G .Xfi G L

    ,jRdGh jdG IQGOEG e dG dG e

    dG dG e

    20 Avenue Appia, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland

    :bQ Jg41 22 791 3264 ;+

    :bQ ca41 22 791 4857 ;+

    :hdEG jdG [email protected]

    LJ hCG SH PEG Y G W LJ

    d dP c AGS - dG dG e GQe

    jdG IQGOEG EG - Q Z kjRJ jRd hCG

    :bQ ca) YCG QcG GdG Y jRdGh

    41227914806:hdEG jdG GY ;

    [email protected](.

    VY jWh ,G Gg eG dG

    edG feCG CGQ Y kbWEG J ,a IOQGdG OGG

    hCG ,H C fdG VdG CH dG dG

    CH hCG ,e CG d hCG ,e hCG ,je hCG ,bEG

    Y WG G Jh .eJ hCG gOhM j

    JG H Lj b jJ jOhM kWN FGG

    .Y ec

    e fU L e hCG H cT cPh

    H Ue hCG ,Ie Gh cdG g CG j

    gGS Y d kJ ,dG dG e b e

    ,dGh CG GY ah .cP Oj h K

    . N VH G G G ASCG

    dG WMG c dG dG e JG

    eh .G Gg IOQGdG eG U e d

    f CG e V CG hO IQG OGG jRJ j dP

    OGG LJ dhDe Jh .kV hCG c kjU

    .QdG JY Y eGSGhJ hdG e

    f QGVCG e j Y dhDG M CG dG

    .eGSG

    dG e FKh OGYEG eN b b e W

    GjS ,L ,dG

    HdH jdG Gg e f f Y G

    :dG GdG Y

    2

    jdG HdG

    ZG jd

    UNHCR - Technical Support Section

    C.P. 2500, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland

    Fax: +41-22-739 7366

    E-mail: [email protected]

    Web site: http://www.unhcr.ch

    WHO - Department of Reproductive Health

    and Research

    World Health Organization

    20 Avenue Appia

    1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland

    Fax: +41 22 791 4189/4171

    Email: [email protected]

    Web site:

    http://www.who.int/reproductive-

    health/index.htm

    UNFPA - Humanitarian Response Unit

    11, Chemin des Anmones

    1219 Chtelaine

    Geneva, Switzerland

    Fax: +41 22 917 8016

    Web site:

    http://www.unfpa.org/emergencies/

    content 6/13/07 10:06 AM Page 7

  • jG

    WJv

    jJh T cvii

    ee1

    ZG jd dG jYdG J H jdG YCG - 1 MG5

    a b ZG V - 2 MG9

    dG Heh dG HGdG jhJ - 3 MG11

    dGh YdG dOCG L - 4 MG13

    SdG AYCG ah dG dG AGLEG - 5 MG17

    dG Uh - 6 MG21

    d dG IYG eN J - 7 MG27

    dG dG dM He - 8 MG31

    ZG jV e WCG jYQ32

    aVEG LGe - 1 aG37

    fi LY cJhH Vd eRdG eG - 2 aG39

    OQGG dG ceCG ZG jV EG J j dG jYd fOCG G - 3 aG40

    aGG IQS P - 4 aG42

    dG dGh dG HGdG jhJ IQS P - 5 aG44

    VdG SdG - 6 aG48

    YdGh dG dOCG L - 7 aG52

    dG GOdG - 8 aG55

    aeh kL dG VGeCG e jbdG cJhH - 9 aG59

    RjCG Shd VdG H bdG cJhH - 10 aG61

    FQdG G G UN cJhH - 11 aG66

    3

    jdG HdG

    ZG jd

    content 6/13/07 10:06 AM Page 6

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  • dP ,dG Y FdG dGh G dG EG

    L LGJ dG G e Gqj ,ZG

    .bEG hCG H hCG CG dGh dG AfCG

    UN H Ve jG e gZh LdGh

    c c bM j dG fG e dG Gd

    dG gh .eRCG H dG MGG e Me

    H G dG GSG M KG eG e

    kcfG j q G SCG e c e

    .hdG fEG fd kL

    G GdG GW ,ffEG cdG S dh

    d dH c f AfEG EG ,IgL ,VG

    YO Y Y c dG Y FdG dGh G

    h .fhO dd G dJ dG OG

    hdG fEG dG FGhO LG ,2001 SQe/QGPBG

    Y j Gj eh GAGLEG e PJG e Kd

    dG Y FdG dGh G dG hM

    aSG De h .LdG U

    LdG hDd edG IG CG Ve

    LdG e e cQe 160 OJ ,L

    dhdG eGh eG Zh e eG

    e IOG ShQdGh G Gg G JGN

    .fGG fCG

    QK e IK KdG g e hCG dG AL bh

    .dhdG WCG fl jRJ iL M DG dP

    bh .bGe IY kfGe gGfi QNG iL c

    g QdG J e SG dG eG GQOEG

    dG H hdG Idh AL dG G dG

    Ve Hh (dG IMh) MCG d dhdG

    (dG YdG IMh) LdG hDd IG CG

    HSG IMh) d IG CG hUh

    dG IQGOEG) dG dG eh (ffEG

    ,dGh HUEG e jbdG IQGOEGh ,KHh HEG

    c .(dGh ICGGh YLEG dG hDT IQGOEGh

    M dG eG MCG GQOEH KdG g j

    .ZG jd eG jYdG eN fGL T

    5

    jdG HdG

    ZG jd

    WJ

    content 6/13/07 10:06 AM Page 4

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  • DG QK e IK ddG Gd hCG dG AL

    e IOG ShQdH Gh cdG H G

    G dG e jbdG :H J dG fCG

    fG bh ,LdG VhCG dG Y FdG dGh

    ,2001 SQe/QGPBG 29 EG 27 e IdG DG dP

    .GjH L

    jdG dhCG L EG UG dH qLf fh

    a AL e QNGh KdG g LGe GcQT

    :gDhSCG j ah ,kfGe

    ,LQL fJG ,aeh VGeCG e jbdG cGe

    ,jeCG IG jdG(CDC);

    G H IGhGh dG ce(CHANGE)ecJ ,

    ;jeCG IG jdG ,fje ,QH

    ,eG L fc e ,G dG b

    ;GjS ,L

    ;H ,Z ,HEG d hdG cG

    Gh ICGG he ,MCG d dhdG dG

    ;GjS ,L ,dG IMhh

    dhdG dG dG(IMC),fQdc ,SCG Sd ,

    ;jeCG IG jdG

    SDeIpas,g HJ ,jeCG IG jdG

    ;jeCG IG jdG ,ddG dhQc

    ;GjS ,fSCG ,Gdg ,H ,OhM H AWCG e

    ''fEG M LCG e AWCG''(PHR),SH ,

    ;jeCG IG jdG ,SJSe

    HEG LdG H G JfdG(RHRC).

    ce ,''c'' SDe ,LdH G jeCG dG)

    ,edc e HdG ISCGh dG U

    ,jQdGh d S L e ,dhdG fG

    Y ad FdG dG ,dhdG HS Qe SDe

    ;(LdG WCGh LdG

    HSG IMh ,d IG CG hU

    ;GjS ,L ,ffEG

    b ,LdG hDd edG IG CG Ve

    ;GjS ,L ,dG YdG

    dG IQGOEG ,dG dG FdG G

    ,dGh HUEG e jbdG IQGOEGh ,KHh HEG

    e YH dGh ICGGh G f hDT IQGOEGh

    :ddG GQGOEG

    ,eRCG HEG dG dG -

    ,SSCG jhOCGh FGhdG SdG -

    ShH ihdGh RjCG ae-

    OGG Y OYEGh dG dG-

    ,LddG GGh MdGh dG -

    ;jaC dG dG bEG G

    .SBG T dG dG bEG G

    GgS jdG dhCG L EG UG dH Lf c

    :gh ddG Gg Y INCG dG Vh

    ,cOGQ L e ,HhO je QcdG

    ;GfEG ,OQchCG

    ,L ,''OhM H AWCG'' e ,hQhO RGfGa IdG

    ;GjS

    IOdG HdG dG ,QfjEG cc QcdG

    ;HeR ,QGg ,SCG YdG G

    YdG dG IQGOEG ,JQe . fQd IQcdG

    ;jaCG L ,cd ,edGh

    ,Qjf ,Qjf ,fdG ,H GQeJ IdG

    ;jeCG IG jdG

    HdG dhCG dG jYdG efH ,Q ef QcdG

    SDAMDA;JH ,HL ,JH LdG jYd

    jdG ,Qjf ,fdG ,T eH IdG

    ;jeCG IG

    ,GQHf e ,fhh GQS fS QcdG

    ;jJ ,fH ,KLGQ

    EGh eG Z G EG dc dH Lfh

    LdG hDd edG IG CG Ve Xe

    cdH fh IG fGJ jQL edGh

    QNG f dG OQhT jQe IdG e

    .ddG Gd GG

    7

    jdG HdG

    ZG jd

    jJh T c

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  • ee G SQG aCG ddG Gg j

    QGdG hM Y ZG jd jdG HdG

    e Vh c e J jh .eRCG fGh

    SQGh SdG IYGe e IFdG VhCG

    .jhOCGh GG aGJh WdG

    AjEG Y FdG b e d ddG Gg qYoCG

    JgDe qcJ jdG e dG jYdG eN

    CG dG hDdG e e GfcCG AGS) dH d

    HdG e CG jjdG dhDG e CG AWCG e

    e VdG cJhH Vh dPh (VGh

    QGdG M ZG jd jdG HdG

    IYGe eh ,jhOCGh GGh OQGG aGd kJ

    ddG GSG c .WdG GAGLEGh SdG

    dch dG jYdG eH UG G Vh

    .eG J ee jQJ

    HdG M e GOTQEG Y ddG jh

    hCG kLQ hCG kAf Gfc AGS ZG jd jdG

    AGLEG H dG d T a JCjh .kWCG

    Jh dG dP Ff Jh ,bO W a

    jEG j dG IdG hCG ICGd dG jYdG eN

    ,a hCG gHO hCG e NBG AT CG hCG b

    j h .f AdG H j dG dG hCG LdG hCG

    hCG hd QG dG CH Ff CG Y ddG

    b IYG J CG dh f IYe CG hCG HUEG

    edG jYdG UY e c LG dEG

    ddG CG c ,Zd VJ T Lj dG

    jV dMEH UG GAGLEG Y ee j

    FGhO eN EGh G YdG eN EG ZG

    iNCG Le FKh a .ffdG eGh WdG

    CH Ff J hCG jYdG eN e dG Gg J

    Gg Ea dHh (1 aG fG) dMEG T AfEG

    ee f fh .UdG d J JCj ddG

    IG CG Ve Kh Y WG Y ddG Gg

    FdG dGh G dG'' GH LdG hDd

    FO :jGh jFdGh LdG Vh dG Y

    dG e Khh ,''HSGh jbdH UN

    eG ffdG dG jYdG FO'' GH dG

    .(1 aG fG) ''G dG jd

    :MeH J dG jYdG eN e EG

    da hCG Zd e T VJ j dhDe

    jYdG eN ee eCG .fdG AGN EG cj eCG

    eN aJ dhDe JY Y a dG

    dG AGLEGh bGdG UJ jhJh SG jYdG

    ,VH bdG GP iNCG eG Lh dG

    YTh W dOCG CG L ,G dG aGh ,K

    .M Me ij QWEG dEG oj b

    WCGh LdG CH Oj GYG g c GPEGh

    jV e Ea kjCG Zd GVj CG

    fEa Yh ,dG hCG AdG e g ZG

    jV EG IQTEd ddG Gg jfCG U eSG

    .dP Z EG IQTEG dG qM GPEG EG ZG

    eG dG IYd SSCG UdG j a

    :ZG hM dM

    ,hG Y Ke ee Y G

    ,dGh YdG dOCG L

    ,HUEG Y

    aJh kL de ihY hM ie J

    ,FbdG dG

    ,e jbdGh G hM Wfl J

    dG AGSEGh YLG dG YdG J

    .HGh

    ddG Gg GSG c

    dG G b e GSd q oe ddG Gg

    e) QGdG M GG j jdG

    jdGh He VhCG hCG (jG hCG LdG

    aJ j a IOfi cJhH Vh Zj

    e qoH dH dh .ZG jd dG jYdG

    d dh) j e H e GAGLEG e OY PJG

    :(JGP JdH IQhdH

    1

    jdG HdG

    ZG jd

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  • 1G G OGaCGh G e ja J

    eN J eCG j CG j hCG j jdG

    .Zd Vj jdG dhC jYdG

    2OGaCGh dG edG e YLG Y

    .G

    3YdG fl H HJ dMEd T AfEG

    G G) ZG jV jYH G

    .(jGh eCGh dG dGh

    4RGdh GGh jhOCG) MG OQGG j

    GAGLEGh SdGh jdGh ,(GG

    dG cJhH) ZG M G

    G fGdGh ffdG GAGLEGh ,QG

    2 aG fG .(dP EG eh VLEH j a

    VH UG jdG Fd P Y Wd

    .fi cJhH

    5c Y j dG jYd cJhH Vh

    .Le Kc ddG Gg GSH ,IM Y dM

    6Y jYdG eN J Y FdG jQJ

    j UN gG AjEG e cJhdG GSG

    dG a N j e Kd H dG

    .ffb VGZC

    ddG Gg dhj dG MGG

    1dG jYdG J H jdG YCG

    .ZG jd

    2.a b ZG V

    3.dG Heh OG jQJ jhJ

    4.dGh YdG dOCG L

    5.SdG AYCG ah dG dG AGLEG

    6.dG Uh

    7.d dG IYG eN J

    8.dG dM He

    J j dG UG jYd oY a gh

    hCG eGG AdGh LdGh WCH jdG Y

    .qG

    fGLdG MdG e AGS je H ZG EG

    VJ j b jdGh .fdG hCG dfG

    qL hX UTCG e OY b e Zd

    OGaCG hCG OL jCG Y ZG j bh .fl

    hCG N hCG qY hCG CG hCG hR hCG Y hCG AbUCG hCG WT

    ZG j bh .ISCG OGaCG e NBG Oa CG

    eY hCG QdG OjE G ICGG gJ eY

    hCG TGa Y J eY hCG VMG EG gJ

    Y Zd VJ bh .gAbUCG QhJ eY

    b e cCG hCG ,KK hCG T hCG MGh T jCG

    Ie ZG j bh .Af hCG U hCG LQ

    jV j bh .IY QT GW Ge IY hCG IMGh

    e CG dh dG hCG LdG hCG AdG e ZG

    e CGh dGh AdG e g jdG ADg

    .LdG e g IG

    jG HdG g AGREG jdG a OhOQ jJ bh

    M EG ,bj oeCG e HEGh .iNCG EG dM e

    j eY LY H j dG jdG Y ,e

    O ,aj jdG Ea Y Hh .IYG

    b fCH ,dG IYG Y G EG S

    jQ h .fG GLh hCG/h H iPC GVJ

    hflh LGg ,J dGh ,gQhJ fCG a

    dG eG h .dG dM CH

    hdG Y dG Yj CGh LGdG J YGj CG

    dYh bO fM jYQ H AdG MQ

    e JLMGh dG Y cdH dPh IOG

    jYdG KDJ b dG IOG G hdG IYGe

    .eG

    G H IGhGh dG ce(CHANGE)

    2

    jdG HdG

    ZG jd

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  • dG jYdGh fEG M

    ZG jV EG eG

    dG TCG e T ,JGP bdG ,g ZG EG

    fGh edG dG e e eh G

    ,H YG b ,G eR ,ZGh .fEG

    V ch M c ,hdG dG Y

    ,fEG H jdG TCG e kT qoj fCG c ,ffEG

    ,SdG h .YL IOHEG qoj ,G H

    G ,Gh dG ,G dG jV a

    G e ffEG bM CG h jG

    jG Gh ,dG eCGh jG h IG

    ,G hCG SdG hCG ffEGdG eGh jdG e

    eG Jh .dG Qa dG Gh

    HGdG c PJH eJ dG ffdG dhDG

    aGe aGJ dh G dG SG

    Igd dG Y IQOb J YdG IL U

    .G e d G dG

    M GMG dG jYdG eN ee Yh

    jV h SdG c Vj dG fEG

    .H dG ZG

    :dG G -Zh ZG jV EG

    eN J G G dG TCG e dP

    dG eN dP IOG dY U

    bGdG Y IdG Y fYE dPh HEG

    Vj dG AGjEG Y JG dGh jG

    HUEG bJh HJh G qbJ dP ,d

    gCG eh .gHJh kL dG VGeCH

    jV GL dG eG ee ''Cj'' CG

    .dgEH IFdG ZG

    :ffEG eGdG G -jV j CG j

    JqYh eGch f iQoj kLY ZG

    eG S ,j dPh .jH Fc

    jYdG J j d fOCG qM aJ ,dG

    ,SdG e gZ e dP e d dG

    j dG jdG HWh UN Vh

    kY jdG WMEGh ,H UG dG eG

    GbEG b aGe Y Gh d j

    feCe jjS H aJh W NJ CG Y

    dG eG aJ j dP Y IhYh .d

    .J d CH hCG CG dG H

    :gV dG Y dG M -J CG j

    UdH G SQGh SdGh fGdG

    CG Y ZG jV V dG EG eG EG

    H CG bY GQY dP cCG AGS ,c SSCG

    eh .YLG hCG edG UCG CG dG CG G

    eG J Y FdG CG OdG Gg eCG

    - FdG Ad eG J aJ aQ d j

    .e KEG Y EG j

    :G jJ G -J Y Fd j

    V CG GSQ hCG jdG Ghj CG eG

    dP .gVQ hH Y hCG a C d Y

    dG jYdG Y G CH GQGdG CG

    VLEGh dSG G e ec) dGh

    GQGb g EG (dH J jQdG fGdG fc GPEG

    g h .gPJG dG d T

    eG dG J CG SSCG e dG

    jdh qH Y QGdG PJG e d FG

    jdG UTCG QNGh jJ G kjCG

    Y hCG a Y hCG eG J Y faGS

    eG e Yh .iNCG eG Y G

    .GQNG g j CG dG

    :eG G -Y CG V d j

    eCG eh .kT FJ jH eG

    VJ H keM ICGG fc GPEG ,OdG Gg

    bj CG dG eG e Y Ea Zd

    ffdG MdG e eeCG MG GQG e

    jh .(dGh dH MGh VLEG e)

    dG GG Y dG H GQG c VY

    gQGb PJG e dG J M qG H jj

    .geCG e qH Y

    :UG G -d hdG J j

    GVJ jdG ZG jV UN GMG

    kAH dG aGj dG dG fL EGh .AGjEd

    e qH jdG dhCG d Rj ,W Y

    CG dG jYdG eN aJ LCG e gQM

    .dG dG Jh dG AKCG jOLe Gfj

    :jdG G -dG eG c J CG j

    qW dG dG dH G eGh

    Rj h .ISCG OGaC M H dG j CGh dG

    G eG Y aEG dG ed

    3

    jdG HdG

    ZG jd

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  • Y cj jdG dhC dG H

    dG aG hCG ,gZ hO dGh dG

    e T JEG GPEG e dM h .dP Y jdG

    S b e hCG WdG b e G JQH

    IG SG eG J j fEa iNCG

    .( 4 aG fG) dG Y e

    ,dG jYdG eN J Y Fd h

    Gj CG ,iNCG YdG edG e hdH

    jH dPh G G QWEG QhH

    TCG e dP EG eh ZG eRdG NdG

    jMh jHh ,gOYG EG IYdGh G dG

    ZG IQH GYG Y CG c .jdG M

    OJ dG fGdG J Yh U c

    M J RGMEG hO dG fCT e ZG

    .G H IGhG g H U

    4

    jdG HdG

    ZG jd

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  • OGSG dG jYdG eN edG Y

    c Zd Vj jdG dhCG LMG d

    hDdG Y hDd jh .aCGH e edG j

    jYdG eN ee j CG Y Uj CG dG

    EG eh Vh W jYeh AWCG e) dG

    Yh FG IYG d RdG jQdG Y (dP

    jh .jQhdG GOGeEGh GH gjhJ j CG

    S Y ,fEG e eG ee jQJ kjCG

    dG aGG OLh d j GPEG fCG Z ,jdhCG

    aGG g J hO j CG j dP Ea

    .ZG jd jYdG e

    IYGe e ,eG e eN CG AfEG id ,qoH h

    GAGLEG Vh eh fOCG IOQGdG jdGh FG

    .OdG Gg jQe

    G d j dG e?cGQOEG

    :j Y Y Gfj CG G OGaC j

    ;ZG jd MG eG -

    ;dG jYd ZG jV j GP -

    ?eG g LJ jCG -

    aGe EG qLdG d j ZG jV qCG -

    Gj CG hO d VJ Qa dG jYdG

    ;He Ghj hCG eLCG

    CH K Y Gfj CG d ZG jV qCG -

    j feS dG aG edG

    j h eCG jh gqS jh eGc

    ;UN

    YGG gh ,eG a aGJ dG YGG -

    .SCG QGe Yh YdG QGe Y J CG j

    SdGh fGdG g e?G dG jQdG

    ,jYdG eN J Y FdG H e g e -

    OQCG GPEa ?HG eG f aJ Y hDG

    dG ZG L qj CG Y iG dG

    CG J b dG fGb Ea dG EG d VJ

    eN J gDe hCG e hCG Ne W j

    ,SdG FKdG ASGh jYdG

    dG dOCH j a ffdG G g e -

    ?YdGh

    ?HEG H j a ffdG G g e -

    HJ H G WdG fGdG g e -

    e) ZG Y JG G dG bGdG

    h VLEGh ,FQdG G G e

    (RjCG Sha) dG YG RdG ShH ihdG

    ?e jbdGh

    ?MG GQdGh OQGG g e

    GQNG AGLE MG jG feEG g e -

    QNGh ,CG O hdG eG ) YdG dG

    hCG ,((G OLh d) G RJdG

    Sha hCG kL dG VGeCG) VGeCG OLh

    ?IaG OTQEG h dG eN g e ?(RjCG

    gh Zd LdG Hd cJhH g g -

    ?Lh YdG dOCG Kd ''UN Ge'' g

    j a ,WdG iG Y ,cJhH g g -

    bd cJhH hCG kL dG VGeCG H

    efH hCG HUEd VdG J dG MG e

    Sh CG g g ?MG MdG g e ?d

    ?FQdG G aJ G

    5

    jdG HdG

    ZG jd

    J H jdG YCG - 1 MG

    ZG jd dG jYdG

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  • ae EG ZG jV dMEG feEG g e -

    dG eN) dG jYdG aGe e fK

    W hCG WCG W bCG ,MGG ,OTQEGh

    ?(ddG/AdG

    ?jYdG eN J j jCG

    GOd b CG hCG Ue C ,Y LH ,

    J e ,HEG dG eN aj LQG

    hCG jOdG ddG eN hCG eGG jYQ hCG ISCG

    jYdG eN J ,kL dG VGeCG HJ

    e eN EG oj bh .ZG jd

    .G EG jdG dME

    ?jYdG j CG j dG e

    dG dG aGG edG L YJ j

    b edH kGAH ,ZG jV e eJ

    j c ,dG H kAfGh VG SG

    aCGdG oH dG kL Yh .dP Y jQJ

    .OdG Gg jdG HW Y AHEH dGh

    ?jYdG eN J c

    :jYdG eN aJ j

    CG jh .dM d kN Vj cJhd kW -

    fGG M ee Y cJhdG

    L Mh ,bNCGh YLG dGh dG

    GQG Mh ,H MGh YdGh dG dOCG

    ;dG YdG/OTQEGh dG MG

    hHh dG QGSCG c hHh eT f Y -

    .Y G

    .JLMG Yh dG Y cdH -

    dGh eG ee bGeh SM IYGe e -

    JSQh G f Lhh dG YLG

    .JGeh

    ?LMG g e

    Lj dG dG jYdG eN c J j -

    aG NGO j MGh e ZG jV

    e e dG EG dG J H dG

    .NBG EG

    Yh YdG QGe Y Me eG J CG j -

    .SCG QGe

    gcP Oj dGh IaGG ATCG c j -

    hU H MGh fOCG jdG FdG

    .kLG Qa J H jM e hCG UN

    FS e dG j c?GWCG

    YdGh dG T H a J ebEG j -

    .G dG jd eT jYQ aJ d

    eG GTEG Y UG e qH -

    dG hCG WdG) jGh Gh YLG

    GWCG GTEG EG eCG j bh .eCGh (FdG

    eG f Y bj dPh OdG Gg iNCG

    .eG

    OG jdG V ,dMEd T AfEG -

    Vhh d dBGh Jd ofh ,dG

    .Hd JGSG

    dG jYd fOCG qG Y Wd 3 aG fG

    ceCG M jd J j H

    .OQGG dG

    6

    jdG HdG

    ZG jd

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  • ZG jd jdG LdG HdH j a LMG J jJ Fb

    1cJhHe g g

    eG e H Qqoj W cJhH

    2edGhaGj g

    aG hLj g) G dG e (fi) HQe U eY g g

    @(?YdG QGe Y

    dG d J U eY OLh fEG e ZG jV EG dH

    @dG AGLEG Y YdG (jU hCG) U eY OLh dP QJ GPEGh .(eCG VdG)

    3aGG/KCGMe

    I Jh H dEG UdG h AVdG Y IH ,UG J) Yb

    @(VM hCG H

    @jdG d dhW -

    @(WCG YdG G e j b) HK SdG J CG oj ,IAVEG -

    (G Qe hCG) Ie SY -

    @G QdH GG J RL EG UdG feEG -

    qQe J eY/G/jG GG EG UdG feEG -

    WCG W Sd dh Ge -

    4GOGeEGMe

    :J CG h YdGh dG dOCG ZG ee

    IMGh Ie j CGh SdG e j CG ojh) G d *Qe -

    (a ddG SJ MCHh e j K

    fdG T jdG LCG e -

    dG HfCG/(WCd TGa HEG) HEG/bfi -

    (G OLh d) aL hCG/h WQ MU OGYE LLR FGT -

    qdG TdG e GOV/He/b SGe -

    SGG d jfl Y -

    HK dG J eY noG bQh -

    @...dEG bdGh edG GWCG Sd Qe jT -

    @dOCG Qh e ScCG -

    7

    jdG HdG

    ZG jd

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  • 8

    jdG HdG

    ZG jd

    @jH qJ dG eG Vhh ScCG/jhG U jT -

    @(HU ,IOG hCG KG GhOCG e d Y ,GRb) edG jG d GOGeEG -

    @TfEG Ge -

    @hG W Geh bdG d (ee) e W GhOCG -

    @bfi ,HEG -

    @(IAe ,K ,IQRh) @a Y dG d AZ -

    dGh YdG dOCG V NDJ dG hCG bG dG Y VSd He -

    @(dG dG hCG GOadG) dG VG -

    G qd GQNG -

    G Y jd Ub -

    5jhOCGMe

    WdG cJhd kW kL dG VGeCG d

    RjCG Sha jGS e jd Zd VdG H e Me bd

    @SdG J G MQ Sh hCG/h FQdG d G e M

    RGd Oe Ye dHZ ,RGdG (d) ahP

    dG dG d B

    (eSGQdG ke) CG d UGbCG

    (ke ,jRjdG) dG dGRE jhOCG

    (ke ,jRjdG) WCd Fe jhOCG

    @hG W VG jd IOe

    @hG d jM GOe

    6jQGOEG GOGeEGMe

    @VJ SQ e W fl

    ZG bh H eG IYG GfCG jhd GQSG

    @aGG d GQSG

    (jdG IFd) ZG hM H eG jYdG M ee c

    eCG H jdG FKdG fGN

    .ZG jV Yh d aGJ j dG fOCG G g eH dEG QG OdG @

    jd jdG LdG HdH j a LMG J jJ Fb

    ZG

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  • a f dM J ZG V CG T

    J e kGc gh .cG hCG d k of Jh

    YG g H hCG dGh QdGh fdHh H

    CGh d j CG dG edG Yh .MGh BG

    dG Y j CGh mhJ H aGe Y j

    .ech e H H aCGQh T kGe

    b ZG V dG

    .Y aqYh d f qb -

    edG iMEG dG aH J CG Y UMEG -

    Ia GW jhGG iMEG hCG gDG dG

    .dG

    e Me c S dG e d TEG -

    dG eh ,eCG Gg gCG ieh ,dG MGe

    jYdG dP KDS ch Y f e H OS

    .eS dG

    S Y Y ke S fCH dG W -

    .gUYh bJh dG

    W S dG Ff CH eYEH dG W -

    fG) iH dG f g QJ e dG

    .(4 aG

    .MJ SCG jCG jd c GPEG e e SEG -

    qe T e j CG qOJ fc GPEG e dCSEG -

    dP Y dCJ CG hM- G YdG d j

    .gMh J eY

    e (4 aG fG) aGG IQSG VSG -

    ,IQSG OQh e c J fCG e cCJ .dG

    Y e AL CG aJ CG SH CG d qVhh

    c M feEH CG d qVh .d hj dG

    eYh .aGG IQSG fGG g EG j e

    WCG IQSG AL e c J fCG ke cCJ

    Wa HdG J fc GPEGh bJ CG e

    gT Y qbj CGh eHEH KdG J CG e

    .e

    AKCG YdG NO jdG UTCG OY OqM -

    kjQhV QM j EG PCJ h dG

    .jd

    . bh SCH dG CGHEG -

    H dG ZJ AT a Y dG ZJ -

    CG feEH CG d qVh .d Y J h

    e c bh CG dG MGe H aJ

    .dG Y

    9

    jdG HdG

    ZG jd

    b ZG V - 2 MG

    a

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  • rape 6/13/07 10:04 AM Page 61

  • eY GOTQEG

    J CG a dG Yb QhJ HG fc GPEG -

    .eGSG b dG GhOCG

    He Y dG jhJ e EG SG b -

    J b dG FKdG c Y J CG Y dG

    .dG cG EG g dGh dG IRH

    GPEG dG Y J CGh AhH J CG Y -

    .dH J IFdG GYCG fc

    .UG jH b d hJ dG JG -

    Aj CG jh d H SCG J CG j -

    Y dG H J dG YdG e SCG W

    e dG J SCG W J CG Yh .MW

    ''?Mh g J c dG e''

    .J h eG c L q -

    pb e a VG hCG MW CG S SCG J -

    .gOH fCG dG dG J jNBG UTCG

    hCG dG He jhJ Y j AT CG q -

    .QaCG M j

    .Me c H S e c d qVh -

    HGdGh dG IQS P 5 aG Ojh

    dG FdG Ud H fOCG Oj c dG

    .dG dG jQJ Y J

    eY ee

    hCG) gOe jQJh Lh fGYh dG SG -

    .(GdH dG

    CG FXhh ASCGh dG Y bJh jQJ -

    e dG a J UTCG CG hCG U eY

    .dG Yh HG hj jdG

    OG Uh

    d SEG .d M e Y J CG dG e WG -

    d WJ ,g AJ c b hJ CH

    jM J M fG ,UdG e jG e

    fEG d b .dG H d VJ CG e d

    .GMEG CG d j e cJ CG Y I d

    AGYG UJ H cP J hCG dG J b -

    fC hCG jEG jZ fC eEG d VJ dG

    edG j CG gCG e CG Z q

    j M bO Hh UJ H M e dG

    Wfl Jh G hG e Y dG e

    HUEG hCG kL e V HUEG hCG G

    CGh d QeCG g J CG Y .RjCG ShH

    IOOe fc e GPEG gQGSCG S fCG Y J

    IOQGdG IQSG Jh .e ee AYEG

    .eRdG eG 5 aG

    dG jQJ

    GPEG e cCJ ,jb Ie e ZG KOM bh GPEG -

    CJ hCG qRJ hCG d qJ hCG ZG b dG fc

    e He Z hCG La Z fc GPEG e hCG

    dOCG KDj CG fCT e da .KOd VJ

    .L dG YdGh dG

    G M ee Y G CT e -

    ,SG Mh dG e J dG dG

    J dG dGh eG jhOCG fh

    IYG ,RjCG ShH HUEG M e dMh

    Jh ,d j Y fCG Y dG Y

    .jQhdG HG Vh eRdG FdG

    Zd f M hM MG qJ CG Y -

    e ee J CG dG e WCG Yh

    NBG jQJ Yh eJ dG G e FSh Y

    .d jT IQhO

    11

    jdG HdG

    ZG jd

    Heh OG jQJ NCG - 3 MG

    dG

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  • eG GdG Gd VJ Y eGM qc AdG e ZG jV e %2 GM CG Y dG c

    id AGYG KO HS M dM OLh e dG j Yh .eGM fCG j j AdG Hh .(1)eCG

    OJh .dG AGLEGh VG HGdG jhJ jW Y hCG d QNG AGLEH dPh EG S FdG AdG

    QNG AGLEG QJ GPEG dG Y MW dG IG SCG H dG hG.G

    HS M dM OLh e cCd SGcJhH e e)(FHI)(2)

    f

    ?VG HQCG HSCG N dh g -1

    jdG IQhdG JCJ h VQCGh bCG Y TCG S e kGOde Vh g -2

    ?Ode Vh CG e

    VG jCG dG N INCG jdG JQhO CGH g -3

    ?VG jCG dG N MW hCG LCG g -4

    ?(d VJ Y dG H) jT IQhO NBG e G SQ Y eEG g -5

    ?U Hh kFGO G bKe Sh eJ g -6

    .(SG SCG H eCG Gg e dG ALdG)

    (1)Sexual assault nurse examiner (SANE) development and operation guide. Washington, DC, United StatesIG jdG dG IQGRh ,

    1999 ,GLEG jH G G ,ffdG eGdG ,jeCG(www.sane-sart.com).

    (2)jYdG eN Y j FdGh ISCG J GOY Y OOj FdG AdG id M dM c OSH J jJ Fb

    .(9178) 354 ,1999 ,f P .dhCG

    12

    jdG HdG

    ZG jd

    dG HLCG GPEGdH

    dG a SCG c Y

    .G VGYCGh eY Y

    hCG G OSG QJ GPEa

    J CG a cJ

    e FSh CT dG

    FQdG G G

    e CdG Gg J M

    e qH Y gh QGb PJG

    .eCG

    (7 MG fG)

    dG HLCG GPEGjEH

    YbCG Y MGh GDSh

    hCG eY CG Y J

    G VGYCG e VY

    FSh Y Kq CG a

    G G e

    PJG e J M FQdG

    Y gh CdG Gg QGb

    eCG e qH

    (7 MG fG)

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  • VJ dG dG a e SSCG VdG EG

    .DhYEG j dG dG dG j g Zd

    IY YdGh dG dOCG L kjCG h

    Gg c GPEG dGdG eCG iH dG Y dG

    .k AdG

    h YdG dOCG g L aJ CG d h

    .JGQNG GMG e H dG g

    cJhdG Vh b ae j e

    e) IOLG G aGGh ffdG GAGLEG EG

    Y GQNG AGLE (dEG jd ILCGh Gfl

    bGG NH J YdGh dG dOCG

    UTCGh dOCG W CG c .GdGh aGG

    Yh IaGG OQGG Y bJ H cG

    Rj a .Gh WdG jdG Y SdG

    gDG dG edG b e EG dOCG L

    .HQGhe dOCG CG L j a

    .eGSG hCG SGQOh

    a j dG dG j b GdG H h

    YdG dOCG M jCGQ AYEH kffb keoe dG

    J CG a . j dG jOG dGh

    eN j dG dG edG dhDe CH

    eCG dG FdG Y HEH j a jYdG

    jJ Hd fb H fSG Yh .G

    M G ffdG GAGLEG M Le

    AOEG Y ,keY ,J dG SCG Mh ZG

    .G IOH

    dG dOCG L j GPYdGh

    L g YdGh dG dOCG a e VdG EG

    HGQ CG OLh Y gdG Y YJ b dG dOCG

    hCG ATCGh UTCG H hCG/h UTCG H Hj

    .HGdG dP MO hCG ,ceCG

    jGhQ jCd YdGh dG dOCG GSG h

    Y e L dfl hM Y cdGh ,dG

    j Qh GcEG hCG IdG GSG Y gdGh ,jb

    YdGh dG dOCG L j CG h .G jg

    kSSCG kGQhO dG dH jJh

    AjEG j Yh .dGdG eCG iT J dG

    F j a FdG dBH UN gG

    Y MG dG FShh AdG EG AdG

    hCG j GPEG e jH eCG j eY G iG

    .e d YdG dOCG ah eN aJ j

    FG dGdG f GQbh e IYGe jh

    dOCG Y G GG bW dch G

    .YdGh dG

    M G eG e jG 7 aG j

    FG dG Mh dG YdG dG

    .jJh dG

    YdGh dG dOCG LKOG bh H bh bCG

    dGh dG e dG Lh HUEG KJ EG

    b AGYG bh e YS 72 Z Gh dGh

    Yj bh dG jGhQ YO kGYe keY j

    eJ GPEGh .(jG) G jg j Y kjCG

    Y YS 72 e H Y dG AGLE dG

    GeCG L dG dOCG fh OY Ea ZG

    .dM c Y bj

    AKCG YdGh dG dOCG L ,eEG Qb ,jh

    Id G EG dG J M dG dG

    .eU eh Jfe e jJ b VH Ua

    13

    jdG HdG

    ZG jd

    YdGh dG dOCG L - 4 MG

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  • dG KJ

    dG Ffh HG N jG jhOJ Y -

    M CG AGHEG hO YVeh ech VGh jH

    .dG Y

    dG jYdG eN e dhDe e d -

    VJ hCG VJ b ICGeG CG fc GPEG e j

    EG UG hO FdG hJ CG Yh .Zd

    fCG J CG H h .ZG CH LSG CG

    .ZEG M e c jjS Ff jCG LJ

    dfGh fdG dG qKJh qJ CG Y -

    .edG dG Y d fGLdG

    HUEG c e Hh VH qKJ CG Y -

    S UHh ahe jQe e GSH

    dG FdG J CGh .(1 hG fG) hG

    eCG .(6 aG fG) MjEG SQ Y dEG J

    J Y kjQJ Gj jdG dG edG

    Qb bdG eH VH AcG a HUEG

    J VG hO (1 hG fG) eEG

    JJ b dP CG M dEG OCG dG SCG CH

    Gh dG EG dH Ic bGY Y

    .AGYH

    dG H qJ dG dG bH J CG Y -

    WCG dG GjdG dP eh e GbCG e

    dh G SG jhJ e J h .Y G

    hJ'' hCG ''jG J'' e e GQY GSH

    .''jG

    CH MJ fEG M :''YG'' IQY GSG q -

    .dJ e HPc fCG hCG dJ dG

    .dOCG UH IPNCG dG J CG Y -

    14

    jdG HdG

    ZG jd

    fdG hG S Uh :1 hGdGMe

    dG ;fG ;VdG ; ndG :e dH dG G GSG ,eEG Qb ,Y

    .UUQ H L ;G G

    VG.d dH jJ hG Ve J Y

    G.(hG) G OHCG SH Y

    dG.(e Z hCG e hCG dW g g) (hG) G T Uh Y

    VGG ec iJ g) e jdG dG hCG HUEd IQhG VGG dM MJ CG Y

    HUEd IQhG.(keqQJ hCG

    dG.edG Uh gCG jZ eCG dG Me EG

    GM hM Y) a IdG GSG fCG hj dG Gh G M jCGQ J CG Y

    .(ke G S

    iG.(LdG hCG GdG e e) G NGO jZ L CG OLh e J CG Y

    HUEG Y G e fCG cJ CG Y) AdG/G dG CH dOCG CG M jCGQ J CG Y

    .(dH dG Y QG NJ e H dHh bO H G Y j

    HUEG GM.eG dG hCG dBG Y kdO (HUEG) HUEG GM dM J b

    dG.dP jJ EG bh ;(hG) G Y qJ CG Y

    .2003 ,dG dG e ,L .SYdGh dG MdG e G dG jV jYQ FOR fG KdG e H *

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  • dOCc L dG qdG

    hCG/h fdG VdG EG :HUEG hM Y dOCG -

    IdG GSG Y kdO J CG SdG

    (1 hG fG) KhM KJ dH jh

    .VJ SQ Y Jh

    gdG G hCG bG dG J b :dG -

    dc dH MG QJ GPEGh .IdG GSG Y

    jJJ iNCG He g J Cc) M e Y

    .dM J CG a (dG

    dG GQhCGh GdG e) jZ LCG OLh jDj b -

    jGhQ dG hCG G hCG HG Y (dGh

    .dG

    hCG He Y dG Y jZ T Lj b :dG -

    VH SCGdG T hCG fdG T f h .L

    .fQG

    hCG G e Y NCG :G FdGh G -

    g b jEG c GPEG dG j hCG dG

    LCG eh e OLh Y d dPh VGG

    .JShdG G RJdG

    O) hdG eG H dG ,dP J GPEG , -

    hCG dG L Y Y j dG OGG Y (CG

    hCG G hCG d kGQKBG b gh AGYG e

    HG e) G EG OJ iNCG IOe CG hCG dG

    e hCG (jcdG RGdGh jOGh dG dGh

    d hCG dG QKBG e IPNCG G Y

    QXCG eob e hCG G fdG dG hCG G

    O e Y NCG j dG g h .JUb hCG

    CG e (CG O) hdG eM fQ dG

    .LCG (CG O) hf eM

    edG ddG AGLE dG e Y NCG -

    .(ke , hCG QqoN b dG fc GPEG e a)

    dG dG AKCG YdGh dG dOCG L j

    jh .Sh jM e jJ kjCG jh

    J L hdG b dG aGe Y G

    .dOCG

    dG IQS kah e H dG Yh

    c d J CG Yh .(5 aG fG) dG

    j h .dP EG YJ dG SCGh J AT

    dG dG Qb GPEG EG dG EG dOCG J

    .dGdG EG iH

    dG IOdG3

    kjCG j d dG jYdG eN J EG

    MCG H J eCG IOdG gh .W IOT OGYEG

    dG jYdG e Y Yh .GdG e fdG

    .IOdG g ASG e cCj CG dG dM j

    Y j HdG jS W Kh g dG IOdGh

    gh dOCG MCG gh .dG EG qj CG dG

    e fL EG aGG MdG OG ddG J e kGc

    .dG jhJ

    GSG EG CJ CG dG eEH Ea hd kJh

    bh H keY 20 EG J b I dG IOdG

    Y d hCG kFb G M KOG

    j CG dG jYdG e Y jh .jJ

    e fL EG jM e IOdG e H

    KdG Oj e U Y kGgT J M dG

    .dP oW GPEG G eCG dG IRM J dG

    KdG g GSG G G gMh dh

    .eGSG Y hCG GJ dG bdG

    15

    jdG HdG

    ZG jd

    .2002 jO/hCG fc ,''OhM H AWCG'' ,''ZG jd eG dG jYdG'' KdG e H (3)

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  • EG hCG ffdG FGhdG EG dG IOdG dMEG h

    aG EG jG e dEG cJ dG G

    .dG e jU

    LdG dG GOdG Y eCG Y dh

    VdG e GOdG J He jh .8 aG EG

    .fb N e hdH FdG

    dG IOdG J CG j

    :j e Y

    ;bJh dG Y hDG SG

    ;dG SG

    ;bdH dG bJh jQJ

    ; g JGQH ZG KO dG jGhQ

    ;jdG dG Ff

    ;IPNCG dG W

    .UN

    UdG g Ea dG IOdG W Rh GPEG

    .IOdG U e U c LGQOEG j

    fEG H oJ e EG IOdG SQoCG GPEGh

    j SG Ea aGe hH dG Y ad

    .KdG U Y Oj CG

    16

    jdG HdG

    ZG jd

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  • j g dG dG AGLEG e FdG VdG EG

    .d J j dG dG dG f

    fG) dG dG IQS kah dG j Yh

    .(5 aG IOQGdG IQSG

    QOJ dG YdG Y dG dG UY bJh

    j Yh dG aG EG hdG EG dG H

    aG b GPEG ''dCG'' AG IOQGdG GG JG

    KO VJ e YS 72 Z dG

    jdG Y j fEa ''AH'' AG eCG ,ZG

    YS 72 AfG H dG aG EG ej jdG

    Y OdG Gg edG FdG Jh .KOG Y

    .dG c

    edG FdG

    .GOGeEGh GG e cCdG -

    Mh ,J CG b dG dM bG kFGO CGHEG -

    .dG dMh ge

    e WGh S kFGO J CG Y UMEG -

    .GAGLEG hdG b aGG

    CGh ke VdG Y oJ fCG J CG Y -

    feEH CGh SCG e d qj e J CG feEH

    .AT bh CG d kGM J CG kjCG

    dG) d JG edG NCJ CG Y -

    .(G IQGM LQOh dG YSh ,dG Vh

    W Ye OLh Y hCG dG j b -

    ,dG NOEG e qH h kGQa LY e qH Nh

    :YG g eh .G EG ,H

    SCGdG hCG SdG AYCG ) eg VQ hM -

    ;(dG hCG QdG hCG

    ;(fG UG dG) UG qQJ hM -

    ;Y RY M hM -

    .dG HU hM -

    .YG g Y cP Ve KdG g dh

    IG dG aGe Y CG Y -

    dG Y CGh dG AGLEG Y YdGh

    P fG) .YdGh dG dOCG d eRdG

    .(4 aG IOQGdG aGG IQSG

    JMeh dEG J dG FdG c jhJ Y -

    a IQSG Y IQU cCGh VhCH

    .(5 aG fG) .jQe

    :dCG AG dG aG J dG

    VJ e YS 72 Z KOd

    dG dG

    iqJ CG hCG HK J CG dG dG e J -

    K ,khCG ,fH e dG AG J CG Y .ke

    .f d IQRh YEG hCG dG AG

    CGHEG .h bH dG H J CG Y -

    jdG Hh JG edG NCH dG

    e jj dP C SCGdG a e kH Gh

    dG Y J CG rJ .dG fCW

    Gh dGh d NGdG Gh) ah fCGh

    HEG .(Y EG J CGh gAGQhh fPCG NGOh

    dG fc GPEG Mh .G eY Y

    .(khCG ZdG MG

    17

    jdG HdG

    ZG jd

    ah dG dG AGLEG -5 MG

    SdG AYCG

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  • e dG jGhQ e J dG edG Y HEG -

    ,d dG J Yh dG Y eY OLh

    SCGdG Iha e We Y hCG G b QKBG hCG

    f fPCG W K hM hCG e dG of

    hG e 4 MG fG) LdG Y U d

    fa N b G CG dG cP GPEGh .(1

    J CG Y .M f M Y d Y

    dG MG e dG dG H e VG

    .a HUEG OLh d ZG a M

    bH dEG J dG FdG qhJ CG Y -

    OQj dG VdG SdG h dG IQSG

    J Y UG e (6 aG fG) dG AGLCG

    hCG b hCG VVQ jCG Th dh Mh f

    .GM hCG ec

    fc GPEG e) dfGh dG dG dM M -

    .(dEG FOg fc GPEG hCG J hCG f Y je

    Y LJ jZ LCG CG e Y NCJ CG Y -

    hCG ebh ,(Gh dGh dG) HK hCG dG H

    kW dPh ...dEG dG QKBG eh ,aXCG Ub

    .dOCG G cJhd

    SdG AYCG e aGh dGh

    KOM H jfCG SdG AYCG a d M

    bCG d IgX J QGVCG Ea ,kGQa ZG

    a AGLEG e H Yh .G e %50 e

    CG Yh .fOCG dEG QG dG Y SdG AYCG

    cJhd kW dG MGe L dOCG

    O CG kjCG Yh .(7 aG fG) dOCG G

    SdG Y edGh dGh bdG VGe

    .dG IQSG Yh VdG

    ,J CG Y -Gh fdG :dG JdG Y

    GdG GdGh dGh dGh j d NGdG

    :IQdG AZh d rnGh MEGh dGh GdG GdGh

    HdG ICGG VJ Y Lf hf jCG M

    ;IOd f hCG SdG FYCG

    AYCG e HUEG CG OLh Y HEG

    gh) bdGh ThGh VVdG e SdG

    .(G jdG J e kGc

    e ihY hM Y J eY CG Y HEG

    .dBdG hCG G dG hCG MdG

    AZh dG e HUEG OLh e cCJ

    H G dG e jdG CH IQdG

    EGh QG f aH H CGh HEGh HdG

    e kGc IQdG AZ b CG Gh .SCG

    dG fG) gGGh GdG dG id

    ,''ZG jV WCG jYd'' G

    .(32 dG

    .dOCG G cJhd kW dG LEG

    eG LCG e dG c GPEGh

    G G e e a (CG O) hdG

    CG hM J M dG b dGh dH

    .J

    Y j b LdG G a EG dH -

    dG VdG hJ CG Yh .Vh J CG dG

    hCG gX Y e fc GPEG) dG N a J

    fc GPEG hCG gQU f cQ K GPEG hCG e

    hCG ;LdG dG LCG e fG VG Vh

    AYCG d gX Y e fc GPEG

    .(SdG

    kjCG Mh .dG SJh T MJ CG Y

    jRGdG IOG OLhh ,dG M T jCG OLh

    .G bdG e dG jfh dG L Y

    e Y CG ,KOG He M ,Y

    .dOCG G cJhd kW G

    NJ CG Y G jEG GPEG e dM -

    OY e hCG AH dH aH kGQe a

    fG ,WCG a Y QG GSG j )

    G dG'ZG jV WCG jYd',

    .(32 dG

    K MdG Y J CG ,IL AGVCG H ,Y

    d G WG AdGh d G dG

    .ihd eY hCG f ,VQ jCG Y

    kW G GRGaEG e Y NCG

    .dOCG G cJhd

    18

    jdG HdG

    ZG jd

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  • dG Y AGLCG Hh VG HGdG fc GPEG -

    dG a EG J CG a dP Y

    Jeh MdGh MdG Y qH jj c GSH

    M dM hCG H VQ OLh Y eY Y kH

    .ihY hCG

    a EG J CG Y dP dG fc GPEG -

    e qJh Gh G e dG

    b hCG VQ hM Y eY Y kH G

    kjCG Yh . hCG f hCG e e SGf hCG

    hCG CG hCG jf g c GPEa .I qG jJJ J CG

    dMEG a jZ L OLh T JeN

    .G EG jG

    :MeCG jEG G Z e ,adG H

    kUEG hCG kGQe c dh M AGQY ICGeG e AT

    ,QhdG e j b dG g h .Se hCG

    EG LQG SdG AYCG H AcG ,kfMCG

    .NGO QGVCG hM EG J eY g fc GPEG

    JYGe e H UN GQYGG AdH j a

    e Zd Vj FdG G AdG EG

    b hM J cCG W VY g G

    dG VGeCG jGS Y ka e HUEGh

    jG VfG CG dP .RjCG Shah kL

    Y j SCdG S Zd f jd fedG

    GQL J M ,G e ddG VfG

    e Qe GSG Y ,Tg cCGh QCG G

    dG e VdG c GPEGh .dG AGLE S Z

    hCG YdGh dG dOCG L j

    J L G a ,kL dG VGeCG

    .G QG GSG hO dOCG

    JYGe e H UN GQYGLdH j a

    :SdG AYCG d -

    dGh dGh Gh qdG a Y

    .dGh MEG Uh MEH G

    . hCG kffl dG c GPEG e Me Y

    qJ OLh e dG Y (Hyperemia)qQJ hCG

    InQrOCGh HQCG dG H dG Y)(Hydrocele)

    jedG dGh(Haematocele)G AGdGh ,

    .dEG LdG bdGh qdGh

    QGdG M e dM j G AGdG EG

    .GL W EG kGQa jG dMEG jh

    dG e Ic jOe Y j dG c GPEG

    .MEGh dG VQ OLh Y dG a

    G H Y dP dG fc GPEG

    Y eYh VQ OLh Y kH ShdGh

    .ihdG

    d dG e OGe H ,IQhdG Y ,Y

    .G e OLh Y ITe

    jG ddG

    a 4 MG IQcG dG L EG

    VG HGdG fc GPEa .jG ddG AGLE

    e jG L eEH Ea dP dG Ff hCG

    .W VGZCG eGS dG

    OLh Y J VGYCG e J dG fc GPEG -

    e qY Y CG a ,dG G ihY

    dch dG jdGh G jdG Y kH dH

    .YQR a AGLEG ME

    c GPEG M dM OLh d QNH J CG Y -

    .dP Y dG M GPEGh kMe QNG dP

    TCG e ,iNCG dG GQNG J b -

    J JdG a LH dGh dG

    .dG VdGh QdG

    19

    jdG HdG

    ZG jd

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  • :AH AGaG EG dG M GPEG

    dG Y YS 72 e cCG e H

    AGYG KOM

    dG dG

    e cCG Qhe H jOe dOCG CG Y QdG QOdG e

    aG EG dG AL GPEa .AGYG bh Y SCG

    AL hCG ZG bh e SCG Z dG

    H H J CG Y ,VGYCG H J gh

    :GMCG L ,Yh .YCG dEG TCG c ec

    Hf jCG OLhh ec jCG dh M Me -

    hM feEG EG J dG dOCG c Me -

    ,QdG ,dG) Zd f Ye

    (..dEG ,LGG

    ;G Y J dG edG e dG -

    hCG jOY fc GPEG e) d dG dG Me -

    .(jQfG hCG HcG hCG FGfG

    SdG AYCG a

    dh YS 72 e cCG e bh b AGYG c GPEG

    jCG OLh MJ CG a ,SCG Y J Ia Z

    hCG/h SdG AYCG e eJ CGH HUEG

    .jM hf jCG OLh

    jCG g J h AGYG Y SCG e cCG e GPEG

    hCG G dG e) VGYCG jCG hCG S hCG ec

    AGLEG j e g a ,(Mb OLh hCG LdG

    .VG a

    dG Ea HUEG Y QdG bf e GPEG Mh

    a AGLEG Ea Yh .hH UoCG fCH J b

    jj b H iPCH J fCH dG j bO

    AGQh FdG dG j bh gjh dG H

    .jYd kW dG aG EG ehb

    jG jdG

    g c GPEG G dM d ka CG Y

    MG fG) kMe QNG c GPEGh dP EG j e

    NCG eEa Me jG aGG fc GPEGh .(3

    dG VGeCG OLh d dGh G e Y

    dG Y J bh .dG VGZC dPh kL

    :Y

    eRdG LGd jS QNG AGLEG -(PRP)d

    aGe Lj jS QNG CG AGLEG hCG gdG OLh

    ;jYdG eN J

    ;d kj YQe OGYEGh GZ qe EG AdG -

    IKd kj ''GdEG'' QNG EG AdG hCG YQe Y -

    eN J aGe Lj jS QNG CG AGLEG hCG

    ;jYdG

    M oU OGYEG -(mount)I qG d WQ

    (Trichomoniasis);

    GH dG Rj ) RjCG Sha d QNG AGLEG -

    dG J Hh dG aG EG QNG

    .(IQGh 20

    jdG HdG

    ZG jd

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  • EG LdG EG dG YQe i ge dG EG

    dEG eb GPEa .Zd VJ H dG aG

    GG JG a KOG e YS 72 Z

    aG dG b GPEG eCG ;''dCG'' AG G

    KOG Y YS 72 Y jj e e H dG

    ah .''AH'' AG AL e J CG EG Y a

    EG QcdG e jdG j kL dG VGeCG

    jdG gJ dG JGP LdGh dG J

    .fEG e

    :dCG AGaG EG dG M GPEGe YS 72 Z dG

    AGYG bh

    L dG VGeCG ac

    Vh b ae j e

    dG cJhH

    dG J dG eKG gh dG jqdG EG

    h .jG GOG e jd ehG IjT

    VGeCG d fi cJhH GdG e jdG

    Gdh .G ehG CG EG J kL dG

    dG VGeCG Y cJhH Y G j

    eGSGh G dG Y H G kL

    .ZG jd jYdG J

    GOe FYEH ZG jV Y j -

    dGh GKH ihdGh dG a jM

    iNCG kVGeCG g CG J c GPEGh .(9 aG fG)

    AGO e) a fCG dG G J kL de

    j kLY J CG a (ke ,jdG hCG GG

    .jCG G g e

    Ie MG LdG bCG dG J CG Y -

    .gNCG j dGh G cJhdG IQcGh

    e 400 AYEG ,G S Y ,LdG g eh

    e MGh GZ EG aVEH qdG e GZ

    d j gh dG jW Y ehjRCG

    .dGh GKH ihdGh d FbdG

    NCG Y Qj eGG AdG CG cJ CG H -

    dG J e H Yh .jG GOG H

    .(9 aG fG) dd kJ

    dG LdG Y eCG H 9 aG Oj -

    j a dG dG e H UJ

    .kL dG VGeCH

    a Fbh LY AYEG hdG -

    a J dG JGP dG kL dG VGeCG

    ddG bdGh FQdG d G e FSh

    H IYG j fCG dh RjCG Shd Vd

    hJ e YG J NCG e H h) YG

    .dG e fG QKBG e G LCG e (dG

    RjCG Sha jGS e jbdG

    Vh b ae j e

    d cJhH

    eRL ee jCG ,KdG g QhU id ,LJ

    j a Vd ddG bdG Y M

    VdG H RjCG Sha jGS e jbdH

    a G IG EG kGOSGh ,dP eh .Zd

    fG e jbdGh G VdG H bdH j

    G e CG j fEa ,W EG CG e ShdG

    bh SCG Vd ddG bdG hdG

    c Zd VdG e YS 72 Z h)

    dG VdG H bdG FSh Jh .(GMCG

    H QWEG e IOSG ZG jd

    Y G W h WdG dG cdG

    IY QJ dG dG QGdG ee

    eG g J hdG bh .gaJ ch

    Y AT c aj edG CG e cCJ CG e H

    Vd ddG bdG FSh SEG YGhO

    hCG dCG g CH jdG j c ajh

    eG ee jhYh ASCH Fb J CG Y

    .dEG jdG dMEG j M

    21

    jdG HdG

    ZG jd

    dG Uh -6 MG

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  • Y VdG H bdG eN GbG j -

    Wd jYdG eN e jd kJ jdG

    N M b e ae EG dP jh OdG Gg

    jG OYh , hCG jEG g c GPEG e) AGYG

    HUEG QfEG ieh (.dEG ,LdG HUEGh

    jGS Wfl OGOJ h .G RjCG ShH

    cCG g c GPEG :ddG G RjCG Sha

    hCG b e J dG fc GPEG ;pMGh e e

    AGY dG VJ GPEG ;G S

    RjCG ShH e G CG j c GPEG ;oHodG

    ,kM GQG Wj jdG e c hCG GPEG eCG

    ShH HUEH j a jG dM J

    ShdG dP M e fCG VJ CG a RjCG

    .QfG e a JJ dG GdG UNh

    hJ Y ,eY ,VdG H bdG eN J -

    jdG Shd IOe jhOCG KK hCG FGhO

    IOQGdG OdG Gg eCG fG) kej 28 GW

    H j eG g Uh CG Z .(10 aG

    AGSEG HU H e jb IY jh G

    g e RjCG Sha CH d IQG

    bdG eN M jG ah .dG hdG

    IOQGdG FKdG Y WG ALdG VdG H

    .1 aG

    aG VdG H bdG aGJ Y dM -

    ) Ua bCG dG SQCG dG

    U ae EG (AGYG bh e YS 72 Z

    dG LGQ GPEG eCG .eG g a aJ NBG

    gOhR ,ZEd VJ e YS 72 H Ie hC

    YdG dGh IQG eN Y eH

    .G IaG

    dG JGP dG VdG H bdG AdG -

    FQdG G G e Sh a J

    fCG Z kL dG VGeCG V FbdG dGh

    e dhJ jh YG H IYG j

    .dG e fG QKBG e G LCG e dG

    G e jbdG

    FQdG d G e M hJ EG -(ECPs)

    J dG (jCG 5) jdGh FG YdG Z

    Wfl e j jbd FSh hH G SQ

    d kJ dPh %93h %56 H hGJ H G

    .FH jQJh QNG j dG

    Y EG dG G AYEH Uj -

    G kHM UH LLhdG

    dG G e Y cCG a .FQdG G

    CG c ke LLhdGh LhSCG Y

    .(11 aG fG) bCG fL kGQKBG d

    N e FQdG G G e M J -

    hCG NCJ jW Y dPh ICGd HEG IQhdG b

    SGfG e hCG NEG e hCG ,VHEG J

    G e M EG Mh .G jdG

    H qJ hCG G G J FQdG G

    FSh e gJ dG dG e Ea

    .(4)VLEG

    -QNG g FQdG G G e EG AdG EG

    jh PJEG f ICGG Z MC T

    M YVe jH OdG Gg ICGG f

    Y jh .geCG e qH Y gh QGdG J

    j CG G J UH j dG dG edG

    jV e Ad Uhh dH d OGSEG Y

    .eGSEG Zj FdG ZG

    -jdG IQhdH Y jM W dG fc GPEG

    G G e dCe e bJ CG a

    jdGh Y UdG hCG jdGh e hCG FQdG

    dG Heh a Y JYe feEH

    .d UG

    -AGS MG g e M dM cG GPEG

    Y hCG dG jQJ NCG hCG G QNG jW Y

    CG a ,(5h 3 MG fG) dG dG jW

    j CG G CG ZG d J

    .d VJ dG AGYd f

    - G e M S fGe CG LJ

    a jG GOG AYEG e FQdG G

    VdG H bdG FShh kL dG VGeCG

    e gNCGh YG H IYG j fCG Z

    .dG e fG QKBG e d dG

    22

    jdG HdG

    ZG jd

    (4)Emergency contraception: a guide for service delivery. Geneva, World Health Organization, 1998 (WHO/FRH/FPP/98.19).

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  • OG YG dHdGh RGdG ahP AYEG dO :2 hG

    (5)hL OLh dM RGd

    KdG dG AYEG j *DTP,Z hO RGdG ahP AYEH fQe dG e HdG hO WCd G ahPh RGdG ahP hCG.Mh RGdG ahP AYEG Y G G ahPh RGdG ahP AYEG j fEa dG e HdG H qeCG

    hG e

    jJ CGh dGh hGh bedG H Y

    QJ CG Yh IQG hCG INdG dGh RGdGh QGbCG

    Y c .WN EG LM hG fc GPEG e

    Qhe Hh .YS 24 Z dG hG WN

    Y hCG fdG dH hG J CG j IG g

    Y hL CG WN j .LBG d qhCG WN jW

    a jd Ke hL g fc GPEG eCG .Ic QGbCG

    .Cd eh jM GOe J CG

    RGdG e jbdG

    Vh b ae j e

    dG cJhH

    Ge T aGe d RGdG ahP EG

    jOTQEG FdG EG OJ CG Yh .fl

    Gg UdG Y Wd kfi eG

    .OdG

    h jd e RGd OG YG dHdG EG

    ceCG aGe Z gh ,LdG M e H

    .OQGG dG

    TTRGdG ahP

    DTP RGdG ahPh G ahP :KdG dG

    gdG dh

    DT ahPh G ahP :hOG G

    .GS 6 Y M WCd jh RGdG

    TdG ahPh RGdG ahP :hOe e

    eh GS 7 e cCG g jh G

    jj

    TIGRGd OG YG dHdG

    WG ZCG hCG jL b OLh dM -

    fc GPEG EG RGdG V bd Sh AYEG j

    .b e oW dG

    j c GPEG e jd 2 hG EG LdH Y -

    (f jM j dG) RGdG ahP AYEG

    gh) kGaGe c GPEG ,RGdG V Ye dHZh

    .(e jM j

    ,JGP bdG YG dHdGh dG AYEG GPEG -

    e bfih HEG GSG gCG e Ea

    .G e fl VGe dG AYEGh

    hL SH ZG jV J CG Y -

    HSCG HQCG H fdG YG qJ) dG

    TCG 6 H hGJ Ia H ddG YG qJh

    .(Yh

    23

    jdG HdG

    ZG jd

    :KdG e H 5Benenson, A.S. Control of communicable diseases manual. Washington DC, American Public Health Association, 1995.

    dG HGS

    RGdG V

    (YG OY)

    T g fc GPEG

    c hCG HGdG M

    3 e bCG YG OY

    YG OY c GPEG

    3 e cCG

    e KM hCG f hG fc GPEG

    OLh dM hCG YS 6 e bCG

    H hL

    iNCG hG c

    TT*TIGTT*TIG

    f

    YG Y e GPEG EG ,

    GYCG 10 e cCG INCG

    YG Y e GPEG EG ,

    GYCG5 e cCG INCG

    f

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  • dG dG e jbdGB

    Vh b ae j e

    d cJhH

    dG dG QfG e e cCdG Y BG

    dG hGL e kjCG cCdGh a J dG

    dG dGh dG Ce H H G

    .j

    dG d IOe Md IY g Bd ch

    CG Yh .Z Y J hGLh YL d e

    H UG dG hLh YG e cCJ

    .kfi aGG

    VdG H bd Sh AYEH G QGdG EG -

    dG dG VB.a J dG G Y bj

    dG JQG H kGaGe dG j a

    .LdG j CG j fCh J

    ShH ihdG hM M ee CG g d -

    dG dGB (HBV).Zd VdG YCG

    G FdG kGOLe j ShdG Gg CG Z

    JG Y dH j gh G FdG h

    V ZG jV J j Yh .G

    dG dGB.AGYG KOM H ej 14 Z

    dG dG d a oj dG GdG -BH

    V J b VdG J eGH V JhQ

    aO c GPEGh .dG c J ZG

    AYEG EG LM g a dP cDj dG

    dG d OG dG e aVEG YLB.

    dG AYEG Y j OdG dG hL EG -

    j b bdG Gg CG Z .QT 6h 1 h 0 Y

    dG J CG Yh .hdGh G NH

    hCG (ddG id) dGdG dG dPh dG

    VdG id) dG e fG eeCG AG

    bCG dP C dEG dG QR j h .(WCGh

    .VG dP da

    AdG id dG S Gf jCG g d -

    dG dEG Sha j jdG dhCG hCG eGGB

    Gg AYEG h .H HS ihY jd hCG ee H

    .RGdG d e eGdH dG

    dG dG jYdG

    dG AGSEG dP ,dGh YLG YdG EG -

    SSCG UdG e g ,(7 MG fG) IQGh

    jd dG jYdG eN aJ Y

    Ghj CG jdG e eEHh .ZG

    J jdG UTCG ej e H dG aY

    dG dd Jh GLh YO e dG a

    hTG ,OdG Gg ,kjCG ej eh H

    Y MG g h .YdG YLh G

    H dG jJ cCH dG Y dG CG

    ,J CG dG eEH CG Z .d VJ Y

    c dMEG jh dG IYG e ,M Me

    j a G G hDG EG jdG

    GPEG dG Y FdG dGh G dG F

    .hDG Gd OLh g c

    e dG hCG dG VGYCG dG Y hJ fc GPEG -

    QdGh dG Nh dG Vh NhdG

    GPEG CG) kW gJ VGYCG gh NH

    g CG d J CG a ,(Y Ce d j

    H HYG UTCG id FT eCG YG

    f d YG J CGh ,Yhe QH QhG

    VGYCG g Jh .(6)HUEG hCG Vd

    hJh dG H J dG IjdG fG

    .dfG dG DhH edG Qh

    FSG G EG jhOCG Uh j -

    Nj H IdG e dG ie j eY dPh

    ,J dG d jOdG IG Y GVG

    J I jNBG e dG Y IQOb Z ,ke

    dM J eYh dG g h .YS 24 Y

    M d J CG ,a ,Ie fdG dG

    (GZ e 10 hCG GZ e 5) jRjdG e IMGh

    dMEG Yh .jCG 3 Y jJ I dG b gNCJ

    IOYEG LCG e dG dG FNCG EG dG

    g j GPEGh ,dG dG VGYCG J

    VGYCG QGSG dM h ,FNCG Gg OLh

    iNCG Ie aUG YG NCG ,NdG

    .kej dG J e jCG d

    24

    jdG HdG

    ZG jd

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  • b jRjOhdG SG Ea jdG QG dEG -

    id S h OYG dM hM EG YH ODj

    .edG hCG iPCd VG jdG

    :AH AGaG EG dG M GPEG

    dG YS 72 e cCG e H

    AGYG KOM Y

    kL dG VGeCG

    VGeCG Y kH jG jdG e J GPEG

    dG Y H GPEG hCG ihY OLh kL dG

    a kL e V HUEG VGYCG G

    .G dG cJhH AL e JG

    RjCG Sha jGS

    OLh d GQNH dG ,ceCG H ,

    KOM Y HSCG S Qhe H RjCG Sha

    V dMEH ,Y H ,Uj fCG Z .ZG

    H YdG QNGh SG eN EG ZG

    AGLEG EG LG d dPh TCG S EG KK Qhe

    fc GPEG J CG Yh .kGQGJh kGQGe GQNG

    cJhdG e J CGh hCG IOLe eG J

    .kfi G

    G M

    dG h CG a keM dG fc GPEG -

    KO f AL b G dM fc GPEG

    J b hCG ,dc dG fc GPEa . hCG ZG

    dG CH Jh ICGd J CG a ,dc

    a LJ dG G eeCG MG GQGh

    .(8h 7h 3 MGG fG)

    -Ia Z dG aG EG dG M GPEG

    5) YS 120h (jCG 3) YS 72 H hGJ eR

    M iME dhJ Ea AGYd VJ H (jCG

    Y EG dG FQdG d G e

    hM feEG e j CG fCT e LLhdG

    Y YS 72 Qhe b NCG GPEG CG dG Ggh .G

    Qhe b e M EG ka j dh AGYG KOM

    fG) jbh hH L bY ebEG Y YS 120

    FSh Y M ee jCG LJ h .(11 aG

    .YS 120 AfG H FQdG d G e

    Z dG aG EG dG M GPEG -

    Sh jEG Ea ZG KOM H jCG N

    SdG IOe J G (MQ dd) MQ

    M) G hM hO dd da jW oj

    G M e %99 e cCG hM hO

    Y MdG G e Sh dGREG h .(MdG

    c ICGG id ddG jdG IQhdG hM

    jh .G G fe gDhHEG

    g M dG d ICGG eCG UdG MJEG

    .geCG e qH Y gh JGQGb J M eG

    jG j CG SqG dG ed jh

    .MdG SdG jEG dCe j CGh OdG Gg

    c AYEG e cCdG a SdG J jEG iL GPEa

    kL dG VGeCG a eRdG LdG

    YCG SdG d ihY CG hM hO dd

    .(9 aG fG UdG Y Wd)

    hdGh hGh edG

    QdGh J dG hG c Y e H

    hCG YGh HUEG e dP EG eh LGGh

    .dH d LdG eG EG jG dMEG

    RGdG

    21h 3 H ,Y LH ,RGdG Ve fM Ia hGJ

    QX Me GPEa .QT IY EG bh kej

    ie EG dG CG Y jRGdG ihdG VGYCG

    a dG ec J GPEGh .SG jYdG

    Y G IG W Y dG H ,kGQa J

    ''f Z'' H hL g H GPEGh .AGYG KOM

    dHdG dG AYEG J CG a e Zh

    dG fG) kGaGe c GPEG RGd OG YG

    .(''dCG'' AG OQGdG ''RGdG e jbd'' G

    dG dGB

    dG dG fM Ia hGJBKKh jT H

    hM Y eY OLh M GPEa .SG TCG

    ,FNCG EG G dG CG a IOM ihY

    25

    jdG HdG

    ZG jd

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  • GPEa .OdG Gg IQG dEG J CG hCG ,eCG GPEG

    e g dG ch kJ j G dG c

    H J a ,IFdG hdG X H j

    .AGYG KOM Y G IG W Y dG

    dG dG

    fG) IQGh dGh YLG dG YdG EG -

    eN aJ Y SSCG Y (7 MG

    e eEHh .ZG jd dG jYdG

    ej e H dG aY Ghj CG jdG

    GLh YO e dG a J jdG UTCG

    Gg ,kjCG ej eh H dG dd qJh

    .YdG YLh G hTG ,OdG

    G hDG EG jdG c dMEG jh

    dG hCG G dG F j a G

    .hDG Gd OLh g c GPEG AdG V SQG

    FSG G EG jhOCG Uh j -

    IdG e dGh dG ie j eY dPh

    d jOdG IG Y GVG Nj H

    jNBG e dG Y IQOb Z ,ke ,J dG

    eYh ,dG g h .YS 24 Y J I

    CG ,a Ie fdG dG dM J

    10 hCG GZ e 5) jRjdG e IMGh M d J

    KdG RhJ I dG b gNCJ (GZ e

    dG FNCG EG dG dMEG Yh .jCG

    .dG dG VGYCmG J IOYEG LCG e dG

    dM h ,FNCG Gg OLh g j GPEGh

    YG Uh IOYEG ,NdG VGYCG QGSG

    .kej dG J e jCG d JGP

    -SG Ea :jdG QG GdG ALdG

    OYG dM hM EG YH ODj b jRjOhdG

    .edG hCG iPCd VG jdG id S h

    hJ hH edG Qh hj VGYCG e kGc EG -

    GPEG eCG .hCG TCG N UNh jhOCG jCG

    dG fch TCG KK EG GT EG KOG Y

    hO YSCG GW IjT f eU e J

    dG IYG e ZdG Y cj CG hM

    W GPEGh (7 MG fG) gJ jdG YdGh

    dMEG Y QJh da cCG kLY kGQGJh kGQGe

    S Y ,FYEG J CG a ,FNCG EG

    AGhO CG hCG jeCG hCG eGEEG ,HdG

    e 150-75 EG J YH cd Oe K

    CGJ CG Yh .TGa EG hCJ eY gNCJ GZ

    YG aQ K AGhdG dP e GZ e 25 FYEH

    M SCG AgR GW dP IQhdG bG GPEG

    QKBG EG J CG Yh .J hM MJ

    jDhdG Jh dG L e jhOCG d fG

    ,NhdG hCG G GdG hCG dG bO fG Yh

    .dG TGa e jG J eY UNh

    Yh QNG j dG AGhdG Y dG Ie bJh

    .OdG Gg jG HSG

    KK EG jT e cCG AGYG KOM Y e GPEG -

    kf YLG dG YdGh FdG h TCG

    Y dGdG edG e G (7 MG fG)

    hCG cG e d KQGh IjdG edG

    dMEG Y QJh ,FGdG G hCG HGdG

    kAGhO gAYEG h CG a FNCG EG jG

    .(YCG IOQGdG dG fG) cd kGOe

    26

    jdG HdG

    ZG jd

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  • EG ej jdG jdG j CG G Z e

    dM ZG OG VJ oH dG aG

    dG FdG hcj b fCG c jdG dG e

    gCG e fEa Yh .bdG dP d J

    GQjR AKCG ee Y eG eG IOYEG

    OQj e f OGYEG kjCG G eh .HG

    f dG AYEGh ,jQG eGh FdG

    dG fc dh M) dG aG IQOe b e

    CGj CG a J T e J CG feEH Ea qeCG

    .(M Me dP d

    d qj e Y d d UdG J CG Y

    .ahfl Y J CGh SCG e

    dfGh dG G

    dMEG Y ZG jd G dG j -

    dG G LG FNCG EG dG

    dG HGVG e e J dG YLGh

    G OGG Ibeh ddGh UdGh FdG

    b e dGh WG cQ cSh eOEd

    ed MG VGYCG CG e ZdG Yh .ISCG

    CG j fEa edG Qh hJ b fCG hCG b

    fi hDe EG dMEG jdG L Y VJ

    dG Y FdG dGh G dG F oj

    f ebEG jh .hDG dd OLh g c GPEG

    fG) bh bCG dMEd dG Lh ee

    Ve Vh dG jOTQEG FdGh 1 MG

    (LdG hDd edG IG CG7.

    Y fl CG QNEH ZEG jV ZCG J -

    M JNCG b dG fc GPEGh .e OG

    e WG HSEG EG .H K Y j Gg Ea

    HjEG j CG OG M d c e

    .FT Y

    J hH SSCG jYdG eN J CG Y -

    qdG Y gQLEG hO dG EG AUEG Yh

    J Y U CG Yh ,d VJ Y

    f e Ad kTh .SSCG JLMG

    HdG UJ Y dG Y dG cCG

    Y J CG g jJ e GY a H e dG

    .W H

    eBG e g c GPEG Y dG CJ CG Y -

    J T g c e GPEGh dEG hCJ CG J

    .dG aG e LhN Y aGe j a

    a kGQa J CG eBG e Lj GPEa

    J CG kjCG Yh .d e OjE OL H

    hCG edG eG e hCG OTQEG eH

    hCG WdG dP fdG PfEG H

    .(1 MG fG) AbG M eCG Y dhDG

    h jYQ UTCG hCG WCG d c GPEGh

    f edG fCH VG Y IQOb J

    WMG PJG a edG e Jf

    .eCG Vh UTCG dhCG jYd eRdG

    gZ e cCG Ve ZG jV EG -

    :eh VGYCG H HUEd

    ;QdGh fdH QdG

    e Y IdG j dG fG

    ;dGh dGh G

    ;HGdG

    ;QfG hfi hCG jQfG QaCG

    ;qdGh G

    ;IQG OGG Ibe

    ;G HGVG

    MdG e d J jL Ife e idG

    ;dG

    .dG Y AGhfG

    27

    jdG HdG

    ZG jd

    dG IYG eN J -7 MG

    d

    7Sexual and gender-based violence against refugees, returnees and internally displaced persons: guidelines for prevention and response.

    Geneva, UNHCR, 2003

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  • jL ed VJ b fCG d J CG Y -

    H kY CG Yh IN fGLhh

    b dG fdGh YLGh dfGh dG

    CG FdG e CG d J CG Y c .d VJ

    qdG H hCG jb S fH dG J

    .ZG H

    YO EG fCH kY dG WMEG Y -

    CG Y ,g CG ,J CG kjCG Yh .GLh

    J CGh K Ve j d f J

    dG Ve j bh kfGLh kYO d j CG e

    e H h .AbUCG e hCG ISCG OGaCG MCG Gg

    hCG FdG fCG ddG cQG Y dG

    .G

    d b L IH dG J CG j b -

    EG ,MCG e c ,ODj Y IdH

    d J CG dG g Yh .fdH gQT

    eCG fCGh H Lda eCG g EG Gg dG qOQ CG

    .Y IdH d b

    Y FdH AdEG EG e ,adG ZCG ,g -

    Y dG HYCG GPEa .ZG M dG

    ,aQ H ,d J CG a QdG hCG fdH gQT

    CGh G IjL kFGO g EG ZG CG

    fCH J CG Yh .dP e jH dG

    fCHh ,J CGh jdG H eJ CG J

    f d KOG CGh ,KOG g oj d d

    .He AGJQG J dG jd hCG cd

    .dG CH bNCG keMCG J CG Yh

    LdH j a JYGe e H GQYG

    Vj jdG LdG qj CG kGL QOdG e -

    dG jdG d kGf d M Y Zd

    QKBG fc GPEGh .dG Y dP H hj

    dM J ZG Y JG fdG

    dG edG Ea AdG dM Y LdG

    K J Zd VdG J dG dfGh

    .OdG Gg AdG d VJ dG ed

    dG dG Ea HO LdG ZG j eY -

    b fG EG ODj b ShdG Y j

    CG a .L Ig hM EG qOj b H dG

    KOM AKCG eCG Gg M GPEG ,dG J

    kLda a qOQ oj dP CG d cDJ CH ,AGYG

    .Y IdH d b eCG fCGh

    G

    CG FQdG d G e M EG -

    H J L bd f M dM hM hO

    Sh GSG dG ZQ GPEa .dG

    G hM hO dd G feg

    J CGh OdG Gg J CG a G

    jCG hCG e dG CGJ CGh SdG g GSG d

    ce EG CG Y hCG ddG jdG JQhO

    .ISCG J e

    j ZG OG Vj FdG AdG EG -

    Vd f G MG AGREG jdG dH

    GLdG YdG aJ e H Yh .Zd

    GQNd HSG d VGdG eGh

    .M GPEG d MG

    hCG d fi eN e g J b

    CG a .JeCG H jdG WCG jYd

    .d eG J CGh MG eG Y J

    VLEH fGb J dG GdG e jY g

    dP Y IhYh .Zd f JCj dG G

    j a VLEG fGd G dG Ea

    G AfEH j b ICGd fdGh dG dH

    CG Yh .Zd ICGG Vd f AL GPEG

    CG Y c .dH H j e c GPEG e J

    VLEG eN a aGJ dG G O

    J EG jdG dMEG d J M eCG

    QNG GPEGh fdG H j kGeCG fc GPEG eG

    .dP jdG

    Y G EG dH jdG J CG Y

    ADg j bh a j UTCG e G YdG

    e hCG ISCG OGaCG e hCG jdG dG e

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    dG dG e jT dM j eGG EG -

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    FdG VLEG W Vj dH a

    Vj b c G dG V H HUEGh

    g M eG ICGd IQG AGSEG Yh .GNEd

    eN Y fH OOdH J CGh jdG

    Wfl CG Gh .G Ia GW eGG jYQ

    jd Je gOde Y G ICGG J

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    28

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  • dG VGeCG/RjCG ShakL

    M e j b AdG Lh LdG L EG

    Gj CG dh ZG KO VdG H RjCG Sha

    Sha cG Wfl CG e ZdG Yh .eCG Gg e

    g CG EG IOhfi IMGh Ie G SQ AKCG RjCG

    a JJ dG WG gQj e d hG

    kL dG VGeCG hCG/h ShdG Gg QfG e

    eN J id dG AGHEGh QG NJ SSCG eh

    dc GMj CG eG eh OdG Gg jYdG

    EG kL dG VGeCG hCG RjCG Sha f Wfl

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    IYG J dG aGG EG dG dMEG -

    .(IOLe fc GPEG) ShH ihdGh RjCG

    e bGdG IZCG hCG RGdG GSH UdG j -

    G j M hCG) TCG 6 GW G Afb c

    VGeCG/RjCG Sha GQNG Ff Y

    ;(kL dG

    VGYCGh edH kY dG WMEG Y -

    kL dG VGeCH HUEG Y dGdG G

    .ddG dG IQSG Yh

    iNCG Fe

    HUEd FdG jdG CH eG J Y -

    ) ihdG e jbdG CHh ,AGYG Y LdG

    Zh dG e af Y aG dP

    Yeh jG GOH dGh dEG eYh

    .(dEG ,ddG IQSG

    dG aG dG HG

    aG EG LdG feEH CH dG J CG Y -

    hCG SCG jd fc GPEG AT bh CG dG

    Y J CG kjCG Yh .iNCG U e

    dG dM H dPh YSCG H IOdG

    VGeCH HUEG W j a Jh

    .(8 MG fG) Gh kL dG

    HG M bOh VGh ee J Y -

    .dG J hCG hH jdG LCG e eRdG

    ICGG VJ iOCG GPEG e dM

    M hM EG Zd

    j Yh .Zd VJ H ICGG b

    e) OdG Gg MG GQG c be

    Y AGLEG hCG dG d J hCG dH MG

    ICGG e (dH j fdG c GPEG d VLEG

    dG YdGh GG Y dG H G

    hCG OTQEGh FdG H Y FdG H jj dG

    g J jdG e gZ hCG dG edG

    Y gh QGb PJG e ICGG d dPh dCG

    .geCG e qH

    VLEG eN a aGJ dG G

    EG G Gg ZJ dG ICGG J b eCG

    gh .bGdG feCe Z VLEG Y EG G

    jYdG Y G Ua ICGG d J CG j

    Ye Y dP VLEd ddG

    OTQEG Y Gh FQdG G VLEG

    JG ch ISCG J eH j a

    .HEG dG eH

    eC hdj jdG WCG Vj CG j b

    JeCG Y J b hCG eG Ad HZG

    Y WCG ADg dM bGe j gh JFYh

    gCG eh .Cd YdG J j c c

    dEG EG Gh ISCG e c j CG V

    jh .gJh CH hCG dH QdGh UdG

    VY dGh YJ ISCH dG EG dG

    f GPEG ,M Me ,d jNBG Y dG

    .eG Ad hCG gEd VJ hCG dG

    29

    jdG HdG

    ZG jd

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  • aG EG IOdG dG ZJ CG j b

    Yh .dP e J hCG dM H dG

    AKCG eG e OY cCG Y G j

    .kjCG IMdG J b dG hCG IQjdG

    J dG dG H J dG HG GQjR EG

    J VdG H RjCG Sha e bd FSh

    dG dG H J dG GQjdG Y AdG H

    .FSdG J J

    H J dG HG GQjRFSh J dG dG

    VdG H bd

    YSCG H HG IQjR

    OTQEG Jh M hM feEG H Y -

    .(7h 6h 3 MGG fG) dG IYGh

    jhOCG ec dG dhJ GPEG cCdG Y -

    .kL dG VGeCd aUG

    bdG S Y jM GOe AYEG Y dM -

    VGeCH HUEG M e VdG J CG Y

    Y ,SG dG J CGh kL dG

    M ee e j e AYEGh ,AbG

    H j a YdG QNGh SG

    .(7h 6 MG fG) RjCG Sha

    dfGh dG dG dM H Y -

    J M LY hCG FNCG EG dMEGh

    .(7 MG fG) dG

    TCG KK H HG IQjR

    VGeCH HUEH j a dG H Y -

    .AbG Y dG AYEGh kL dG

    .dP Y j VdG c GPEG G dM H Y -

    HUEG d jG ddG AGLEH Y -

    .bd Sh AYEG Y dM dH

    QNGh SG CH IQG AGSEH Y -

    .RjCG Sha H j a YdG

    CGh ,d dfGh dG dG H Y -

    RdG dG d J CG hCG FNCG EG

    .(7 MG fG)

    H J dG HG GQjRSh J dG dG

    VdG H bd

    SCG H HG GQjR

    KCG e VdG H bdG Sd e J Y -

    .(dG Uh AL eGh fG QKBG)

    bdG SH G dG dG aH Y -

    AKCG aJ j GPEG HSCG 3 Ih VdG H

    .hCG IQjdG

    jhOCG c dhJ b dG fc GPEG dH Y -

    .kL dG VGeCG d d YCG dG

    VGeCH HUEG M e dG H Y -

    AYEGh eRdG LdG Uh ,kL dG

    SG eN M SG eG

    fG) RjCG Sha d YdG QNGh

    .(7h 6 MG

    CGh d dfGh dG dG H Y -

    RdG dG d J CG hCG FNCG EG

    .(7 MG fG)

    HSCG S H HG IQjR

    OTQEG Jh M hM feEG H Y -

    .(7h 6h 3 MGG fG) dG IYGh

    bdG S Y jM GOe AYEG Y dM -

    VGeCH HUEG M e VdG qJ CG Y

    Y ,RdG dG J CGh kL dG

    M ee e j e AYEGh ,AbG

    H j a YdG QNGh SG

    .(7h 6 MG fG) RjCG Sha

    CGh ,d dfGh dG dG H Y -

    fG) RdG dG d J hCG FNCG EG

    .(7 MG

    31

    jdG HdG

    ZG jd

    dG dG dM He -8 MG

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  • TCG KK H HG IQjR

    VGeCH HUEG M e VdG H Y -

    .AbG Y dG aJh kL dG

    .dP Yj eCG c GPEG G dM H Y -

    dM dG d jfl d AGLEH Y -

    .bdG FSh e Sh CG AYEG Y

    SG eN CH IQG AGSEH Y -

    S Y RjCG Sha d YdG QNGh

    HUEG ddG J jdG jd HG

    .hCG SCG

    YdG QNGh SG eN VH Y -

    Gj jdG jdG Y RjCG Sha d

    .HdG QNd

    CG Yh ;dfGh dG dG H Y -

    RdG dG d J CG hCG FNCG EG dG

    .(7 MG fG)

    jV e WCG jYQZG

    Vh b ae J e

    d cJhH

    EG IASEG M Y HEG QLEG e c GPEG

    cJhdG e f Y CG a ,(8)WCG

    eG Y ka G g Hd WdG

    ffdG GAGLEGh WdG GAGLEG M eRdG

    Y dM c J CG Yh .H G FdGh

    L AGY e W VJ Y HEG CG dP ,IM

    dG dH j CG ,MCG H , a e

    .jd HGJ OLh Y dM

    G G fGdH kY CG kjCG Y

    j CG j dG dG jg O M H

    dG eh UdG dG Y HdH aGG

    .kGgT H G EG

    c ae dG jYdG eN e j

    cdG dch dG Ah QH G fGG

    CH OdG Gg Ujh .d dG fdG

    kUN kjQJ dG jYdG edG j

    Vj jdG WCG H j a

    .Zd

    eY GQYG

    Lh dG a Y aGG IQSG bJ j

    UdG hCG eCG h b e YdGh dG dOCG

    h .G fc j NCG Gg c GPEG EG fdG

    eN hCG WdG Y j eEH dG g

    eEHh .KdG J bJ G hCG G YdG

    GcEG j h .aGG AGHEG fCG GMCG gGG

    dG e H e d G Y dG hCG dG

    .W SC kjQhV kGeCG dG c GPEG EG

    W Ye OLh Y hCG dG j bh

    H Yh ,SG Lh Y LY e H IjT

    g G EG jG hCG jG NOEG e

    .YG J H eh .dG

    ;LNG -

    ;AdG QGSG -

    ;OdG dG id jdG hM -

    ;YdG Ga hCG GqdG hM -

    ;dG e YVdG hCG dG Y IQdG Y -

    e Gj jdG WCH eCG j eY Yh

    :ddG QeCG e kjCG dG TCG KK dG

    ;M -

    ;G IQGM LQO VfG -

    ;adG fG -

    e Rhh QdG fGh adG Y fCG -

    .bdG J cM 60 dG

    YG g Y cd k KdG g dh

    .dH

    eCH Mj d e OjEG

    jdG UTCG QNH UN H gG Y -

    CG e H h) dG Yh HG AKCG hj

    ISCG OGaCG MCG j CG MG g CG cJ

    hCG eCG h J CG jh .(G g dG

    32

    jdG HdG

    ZG jd

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  • e j CGh HG AKCG YdG QN UdG

    hCG eCG h Y kVY feCG Kj e T

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    ,kFGO ,Yh .kGVM dG dG hCG UdG hCG eCG

    j CG Zj e d cj CG dG e J CG

    CG Yh ,ICGeG CG kLQ cCG AGS e kGVM

    ;JZQ

    ;d f J CG Y -

    CGh aCG G f Y dG db CG Y -

    ;Y J

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    eY VGe M SCG H dG CJ CG Y -

    e j dG dGh AbUCGh ,SQG e)

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    H AL dG e'' e Me SCG H HG CGHG -

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    j CG Y M fCH dG J CG Y -

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    h ,dG IJh cGJ CGh dH J CG Y -

    ;QaCG M Y J CG j

    eG Y d Me SCG J CG Y -

    GPEG EG /H SCG J .AGYG KOM M

    ;UdG H VJ OQCG

    Y J CG Y ,d kJh ,d dH -

    G HGdGh jdG JQhH J SCG

    .GOdGh MCH

    WCG J dG G GAGYG CG Gh

    ,a .ddG j dG dG Y ,Y H , j

    dh .WCG e kGQe j ,G S Y

    Y G h CG Y M Y VhCG Ia Y

    :ddG eG

    eBG e dG id g) dG FdG VdG -

    ;(?dEG hCj CG

    g KOM/ZG KOM cG c -

    ;VdG

    ; hCG kGjJ Gj c GPEG eh G jg -

    ,Yf e hCG d AGYG Gg c GPEG e dM -

    ;AGYG NBG bh jQJ g eh GAGYG OY g a

    jdG e) fH ce e j dG c e GPEG -

    ;(dEG ,G HU hCG dG hCG dG Y hCG

    .d Ve dG GNCG hCG INEG c GPEG e -

    d dG

    QM e H ddH j a CdG g c -

    Ve j Qe U eY hCG YdG j T

    .e dG Yb dG K

    J QeCG jCG Y Cj CG Y dG J CG Y -

    .dG MGe e Me CG ,j QeCG Y hCG

    dG Y N j e d J CG Y -

    .HSG H

    CG ,kf J e GPEG , WCG e -

    GcQj CGh MRj dG dG GhRhj

    ;dG Y

    fEa Yh CG e j dG j CG G e -

    CG Y dG g h .ANSG e j b

    e e NBG e CG hCG eSGQdG J

    AGhdG j CG J CG Y c ,dG CG

    ;de

    CG hCG ehG hj Ye W cM qJ CG jEG -

    cG J CG dP .d G Y

    dSCG L e fj e kGc IdG SGh

    e GPEGh ,G AGYG OGM eG

    dhj jdG dhCG b e dSCG g eSG

    dGh YdG bJ EG ODJ fEa dG IYe

    LdG dG KCG IOjR EG dch H j jdG

    ;AGYG Y

    d j M e dH eO OLh G e -

    Yh .d gJh VhCGh GAGLEG jEG

    eG GOGeEGh GG d VJ CG

    SGh (dP EG eh SGh GRdG e dG

    .edG e edG eGSH d

    33

    jdG HdG

    ZG jd

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  • dG AGLEG

    j dG JGP JdH dG Y AGLEH Y

    WCG dM h .ddH eCG j eY YJG

    :dc YGdG H GMG j

    dG ZdG MGh dWh dG Rh J j -

    fc GPEG e dG e J CG jh .H

    dc eCG c GPEGh .gY CGH b jdG IOdG

    .G W Ve qj b fEa

    qeCG .JeCG M QdG WCG a -

    QNG feEG d J CG a kS cCG WCG

    hCG Sc Y SH eEG :d hj dG VdG

    .jS Y ASH hCG CG M Y AGSH

    QTCG CH dPh IQdG AZ J CG Y -

    aG ie HEGh HdG H LdG

    Yh .SCGh QG f aH H CGh G

    hCG dG jM b g fc GPEG e MJ CG

    .G WG ZCGh IQdG AZ e

    dG OHCGh QdG dG c CG Gh

    bh Y ddG GP GTDG e d G

    .jEG

    UCG NOEH CG) HUCH G J CG jEG -

    .(M jJ LCG e G dG

    ,h .e Y hCG OLh e J CG Y -

    NCG ,dG b e Me GdG dG id

    .eh aL b Se SGH e Y

    GdG dG d ke kGQe J -

    Gg CG dP ,dG b e Me g FdG

    .dH HUEG j CG h jd De dG

    TG GPEG EG G QG GSG j -

    h .NGO jf OLhh ,Iaf e HUEG OLh

    Me H dG dG a ,IOY ,j dG g

    gjJ H G QG GSH dG b e

    a LJ dG d kJ ,jh .keY kGjJ

    .ie YCG U ae EG dG dMCG

    aBG OLh e cCdG Y j ,QcdG WCG Y -

    Yh ;MEG hCG LT OLhh ,dG

    .dP eCG d GPEG ,Y NCJ CG dG g

    kGQcP WCG LdG G J CG Y -

    CG Y .SdG AYCG a Y ka kKfEGh

    gh hCG dG Y e dGh dG J

    dG VdG J CG Yh .L Y e

    fEG M QdG f cdG K a j

    .IG hG dEG Cj e kGc dG VdG

    hCG T jCG e VdG SqdG hJ CG Y -

    .LT b

    dG fG CG) SfG dG SJ EG -

    Y eY j b (dEd fG dG KCJ

    dM hM Y eY hCG dG jEG hM

    .kjCG eEG

    d a UEG NOEH dG H J CG jEG -

    .IqG JJ

    jG ddG

    kL dG VGeCG d ddG AGLEG j

    G IH H Uj eCG gh CJ dM d kJ

    ddG9:

    EG J VGYCG hCG eY dG Y X GPEG -

    ;kL dG VGeCG MCH HUEG

    e j a G G CG hG e c GPEG -

    VG dhCG V e c hCG kL e Ve

    ;H HUEG N M

    kJe kL dG VGeCG QfG e c GPEG -

    .G G

    jfl d AGLEG eCG h hCG dG W GPEG -

    .VGeCG H HUEG d

    dH HUEG ceCG H h

    WCG L id RjCG Shah dGh GKGh

    bh .ZG OG GVJ b fCG j jdG

    hM Y eY VGeCG g e CH HUEG J

    ihdH HUEG LQ Y K GPEG) ZG

    (dG f jW Y hCG IOdH G IdG10Yh ,

    .G dG cJhH AL e J CG

    34

    jdG HdG

    ZG jd

    9From Guidelines for the management of sexually transmitted infections, revised version. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2003(WHO/RHR/01.10).

    (10)American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Child Abuse and Neglect Guidelines for the evaluation of sexual abuse of children:subject review. Pediatrics, 1999,103:186-91

    rape 6/13/07 10:04 AM Page 37

  • dM dG j eYjT g

    e GPEG dG hCG dG a Qj b IQOf M

    j eYh Yh .jT g dM fc

    kjM kGeCG dG j eYh FhH MG dG

    H e FG MCG FYEG H dG AGLEG

    :ddG jhOCG

    d GZ e 0^15 ,dG jW Y jRjdG -

    10 YG RhJ CG Y G Rh e GZc

    .e

    hCG

    Y NDj GT g ,jRehdG jQchQg -

    :dG jW

    GZ e 20-15 :GYCG 5-2

    GZ e 25-20 :GYCG 10-5

    Ce dG CG jCGQ GPEa CG j GAGhdG Ggh

    CG d kH kAGhO khCG J CG a

    12-6 ;e 250-120 :GS 5-1) eSGQdc

    dG G bh .(GZ e 500-250 :keY

    .de AGhdG j M J CG Y

    jhOCG J M YS EG YS J CG Y

    Og e J j dP AKCG h .de FG

    .a dG jd

    dG

    RjCG Shah kL dG VGeCH j a

    dG dGhB LMG f WCd RGdGh

    jh .YG NG e dGh jbdG

    j a WCH UG dG cJhH dG

    .dG LdGh dG H

    VGeCG e WCG jbH ,Y H ,Uj h

    dG CG Z .e JhQ Hc ,kL dG

    OQGG G WG ,j CG j FbdG

    dG VGeCH HUEG e a JJ dGh

    9 aG fG) dG cJhH e kGAL ,kL

    .(LdG Y eCG Y Wd

    a H UG Yd H 10 aG Ojh

    jGS e jbd VdG H bdG FSH j

    .WCG RjCG Sha

    HG

    f g ,OdG Gg ,kW WCG He GAGLEG EG

    ihdG eGO GPEGh .ddG Y J dG GAGLEG

    hCG jZ L OLh MG J CG a G

    .Ie IQH L cf dG VqJ

    35

    jdG HdG

    ZG jd

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  • rape 6/13/07 10:04 AM Page 35

  • eY ee

    Sexual and gender-based violence against refugees, returnees and internally displaced persons: guidelines

    for prevention and response. Geneva, UNHCR, 2003 (http://www.unhcr.ch/ or

    http://www.rhrc.org/resources/gbv/).

    Guidelines for medico-legal care for victims of sexual violence. Geneva, WHO, 2003

    (http://www.who.int/violence_injury_prevention/publications/violence/med_leg_guidelines/en/).

    Sexual assault nurse examiner (SANE) development and operation guide. Washington, DC, United States

    Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Office for Victims of Crime, 1999 (www.sane-sart.com ).

    Reproductive health in refugee situations: an inter-agency field manual. Geneva, UNHCR, 1999

    (http://www.who.int/reproductive-health/publications or

    http://www.rhrc.org/fieldtools or http://www.unhcr.ch/).

    Basta! A newsletter from IPPF/WHR on integrating gender-based violence into sexual and reproductive

    health published in New-York, from 2000 to 2002, International Planned Parenthood Federation,

    (http://www.ippfwhr.org/publications/publication_detail_e.asp?PubID=10 ).

    dG dG M ee

    Mental health of refugees. Geneva, WHO, 1996 (http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/1996/a49374.pdf).

    Mental health in emergencies: psychological and social aspects of health of populations exposed to extreme

    stressors. Geneva, WHO, 2003.

    (http://www.who.int/mental_health/prevention/mnhemergencies/en/).

    kL dG VGeCG M ee

    Guidelines for the management of sexually transmitted diseases, revised version. Geneva, WHO, 2003

    (WHO/RHR/01.10) (http://www.who.int/reproductive-health/publications).

    FQdG d G e FSh M ee

    Emergency contraceptive pills: medical and service delivery guidelines, second edition. Washington DC,

    International Consortium for Emergency Contraception, 2004

    (http://www.cecinfo.org).

    Selected practice recommendations for contraceptive use, second edition. Geneva, WHO, 2004

    37

    aVEG LGe :1 aG

    rape 6/13/07 10:04 AM Page 34

  • (http://www.who.int/reproductive-health/family_planning/index.html).aVEG LGe :1 aG

    HUEH j a VdG H bdG FSh M eeRjCG ShH

    PHS report summarises current scientific knowledge on the use of post-exposure antiretroviral therapy for non-

    occupational exposures. Atlanta, GA, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1998

    (http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/pubs/facts/petfact.htm).

    Updated U.S. Public Health Service guidelines for the management of occupational exposures to HBV, HCV,

    and HIV and recommendations for post exposure prophylaxis. Morbidity and mortality weekly report, 2001,

    50(RR-11), Appendix C, 45-52

    (http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/treatment.htm#prophylaxis).

    HIV post-exposure prophylaxis following non-occupational exposure including sexual assault, updated July

    2004. New York, State Department of Health AIDS Institute

    (http://hivguidelines.org/public_html/center/clinical-guidelines/pep_guidelines/pep_guidelines.htm).

    VLEG Ge jdG SdG M e ee

    Abortion policies: a global review. New York, UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population

    Division, 2002

    (http://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/abortion).

    Safe abortion: technical and policy guidance for health systems. Geneva, WHO, 2003

    (http://www.who.int/reproductive-health/publications/safe_abortion/safe_abortion.html).

    jG M ee

    IASC Task Force. Activities of the Inter-Agency Standing Committee Task Force on Protection from Sexual

    Exploitation and Abuse. June 2004

    ( http://ochaonline.un.org/webpage.asp?Page=1139 ).

    G M ee

    1984 ,IG CG ,Qjf ,dG M bJG

    (http://www.unhchr.ch/html/menu2/6/crc/treaties/crc.htm)

    1974 ,IG CG ,Qjf ,ICGG V dG TCG L Y AdG bJG

    (http://www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/cedaw/cedaw.htm)

    38

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  • LdG Ge H fSd Vh jJ Fb

    IG fGJ jQL

    dG eG fOCG OQGdG hG jh .G dG cJhH Vh b eG H Y G e H

    .e L dG QOGh IG fGJ jQL L

    39

    Vd eRdG eG :2 aG

    fi LY cJhH

    eRdG eGffdG GAGLEGh dG fGdG

    VLEG fGb

    FQdG G G j a G jG

    dGh jYdH j a G GAGLEGh fGdG

    Vj dG FGG Y dG LGhh hT

    WCG hCG ddG jdG d

    GQSG e gZh WdG FGhO GQSG

    YdGh dG dOCGdG dOCG J dG dG SQG g e

    (dP EG eh VG ,dG) G EG YdGh

    dG dG AGLEG H dG edG jQJ

    (WCGh ddG jdG) YdG

    G eCG G Y eG dG dOCG

    ,WCGh ddG d Vj dG ZG M

    dG edG b e CG dGh

    QNG e) dG e G YdGh dG GQNG

    (G RJdG QNGh CG O hdG eG

    dOCG Y SQEGh jJh L c

    hCG ,''ZG KOM ee'' Y

    YdGh dG dOCG H UG cJhdG

    dG cJhdGiG Y kL dG VGeCG Y cJhH

    WdG

    dG eGHh MdG aGJ

    YdG QNGh SG eN be

    RjCG Sha

    jG eGh RjCG Sha QNG cJ JGSG

    G aGG EG dMEG/cJhH/feEG

    j a VdG H bdG FSh Y d

    RjCG ShH

    dG GOY e) G aGG EG dMEG feEG

    (ddG W/AdG Wh WCG Wh MGGh dG

    eG QOe

    dG IQGRh

    dG IQGRh

    dGh ICGG hDTh G G jJ IQGRh

    dG IQGRh

    NGdG IQGRh

    dG IQGRh

    dG IQGRh

    dG IQGRh

    UdG YdG dG G

    WG ie Y fl ,UdG YdG dG G

    ie Y jdG dEG oJ dG LG G

    UdG hCG WG

    dG IQGRh

    dG IQGRh

    dG IQGRh ,RjCG a WdG efdG

    a WdG efdG ,LdG hDT Ve

    bEG dG hDG ,dG IQGRh ,RjCG

    dG IQGRh ,RjCG a WdG efdG

    bEG iG Y LG G

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  • rape 6/13/07 10:04 AM Page 31

  • eRdG GOGeEH jJ Fb

    cJhdG -1e

    eG e H Qj W cJhH

    edG -2haGe

    (YdG QGe Y) gDe (fi) U eY OLh

    d jh dG aGj T hCG dG AKCG YdG U eY OLh

    aGG/KCG -3IaGe

    H Ih H dEG UdG h AVdG Y IH ,UG J) Yb

    (VM hCG

    d dhW

    (WCG YdG G e j b) HK SdG J CG jh IAVEG

    GG J RL GSG feEG

    GOGeEG -4IaGe

    :J CG h YdGh dG dOCCG ''ZG ee''

    G d Qe -

    iNCG HG Y VSd He -

    ...dEG bdGh edG GWCG Sd qQe jT -

    edG jbdG GOGeEG

    bCdG YdG M TfG Ge

    hG W GhOCGh bdG (ee Y) e W GhOCG

    bfi ,HEG

    dG AKCG dG d IAe hCG TT ,IQRh

    U VM

    jhOCG -5IaGe

    G cJhdG M kL dG VGeCG d

    (G MQ FSh) dGd hCG/h FQdG d G e M

    (ke ,eSQdG) CG d jhOCG

    (hG W) Ve Qqfl

    hG d jM GOe

    jQGOEG GOGeEG -6IaGe

    VJ SQ e W bH

    dG Y aGG GQSG

    (jdG H OhJ) Zd ddG jYdG M eYEG jQGc

    eCG jdG FKdG fGN

    41

    j dG jYd fOCG G :3 aG

    ceCG ZG jV EG J

    OQGG dG

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  • dOCG e fOCG G L

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    Y Ff H e T MG j -

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    fdG jdG e kGj kGAL dG bdG Jh

    MoCG GPEG (dG aG) dc J h

    .G EG dG

    eCG GPEG) bG dG e H MG j -

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    CG dGh L hCG HH G jdG

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    hCG Se U ed aGJ dM -

    WQ MU j CG GG a e d

    Y kdO j qe OLd kj G

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    .5 MG e g c dH eh

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    :(6 MG fG) dG dG Y jdG

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    bJ FSh AYEG hCG kL dG VGeCG Y -

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    ;FQdG d G e FSh aJ -

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    .YLG dG OTQEG42

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  • e SSCG fL g e a AGLEG Y aGG EG

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    43

    aGG IQS P :4 aGaGG IQSG ASG M Me

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  • aGG IQS P

    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - dG aG SG

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    :bdG - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

    :jQdG - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

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    44

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  • dG HGdG jhJ IQS P :5 aG

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    .iNCG VGYCG hCG eY CG hCG , hM Y eY jCG

    45

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  • 46

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  • dG dG -4

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    dG f edG VdG eIQGG LQO

    dG Y QKBG

    Y dP SQh dP EG eh QKBGh GGh edGh hG bdG VH j e c Uh Lj

    Gg iNCG ATCG ch QKBG g c Th dh GWCGh f H kjCG Lojh .aG VdG G

    .QKBG J EG jODG SCG d dhfi VG hO UdG Y QbG Loj .OdG

    LdGh SCGdGdGh fCG

    fPCGh dGbdG

    QdGdG

    dGdEG

    jdG adGdG adG

    dG eh SdG AYCG a -5

    qdG/dGIQdG AZh dG adG

    dG/GMdG YjdG GSH Gh G a

    (CG M ,G Y VG ,QdG f cdG ,dG Y ASG) jG Vh

    SdG AYCG ddG e d

    47

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  • 48

    jG jdG Ua -6

    dG e VGh dG fG EG dSQEG/a dGdG

    YG dOCG -7

    dG e VGh dGjJ ... EG SQoCGjQdG/...b e L

    UG dG -8

    dGfMGh dG f

    kL dG VGeCG Y/bJ

    FQdG d G e FSh

    hG Y

    RGdG V bd Sh

    dG dG V dB

    RjCG Shd VdG H bd Sh

    d iNCG Sh

    -9aGe EG dMEG ,dG IYGh OTQEGHG ,J

    edG dG dG

    dH dH eb fCG hCG WdG EG iH dG J dG f

    dEG hCJ eBG e df aGj CG T df

    :eG dG IYG

    iNCG J aGe EG dMEG

    eRdG HG

    ddG IQjdG jQJ

    :GSG/dH b dG dG edG SG

    :XdG dG:bdG:jQdG

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  • VdG SdG :6 aG

    49

    dGdG

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  • 50

    dGdG

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  • 51

    dGdG

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  • 52

    dGdG

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  • Y GG IQb Ea 13 dG cP c

    Gg jh .kGc kaNG J YdGh dG dOCG

    dG YdGh dG dOCG GfCG fl aG

    Gg YJG j dG GAGLEG Vjh L

    dG edG j h j CG jh .OdG

    CG dP .Gh WdG OQGGh cJhdH

    J dG FdGh ZH UG fGdG

    .bGGh GdG NH J dG dOCH

    eGSG dG dOCG L Y QbG jh

    .gZ hO

    G a

    dPh e OJ CG b dG K a Y -

    c CG Yh .IQfEd jb Sh GSH

    HJCG) dGh Gh HG Y Lj jZ L

    e WG .(Y jdG dGh dGh dG GQhCGh

    b Y bGh gh He e OJ CG dG

    J h .G eh HG e j e Qh

    dG J CG khCG Y .ke iJ CG e

    J CG hCG SCG dG K dG e YCG

    CG Y K .H L d IQRh G dG

    SG GPEG a G hCG bG HH

    .HK Y jd iNCG He J CG

    hG c eEG Qb bdH J CG Y -

    .(4 MG fG) HUEGh

    e Y CG Y (G O) G GQNG AGLE -

    d QKBG a j CG dG VGG c

    QKBG hCG ( qY hCG qb hCG G dG VGG)

    e b Se SGH dPh G Y G

    .kaL G c GPEG e N H qH j

    dG L H dG fY T -

    .Y jdG

    Y NCJ CG a dG a G b GPEG -

    hCG G Y kH b S dG j h

    (G O)G eM d jfl d AGLE

    b Se J CG Yh .G RJdGh

    dG dG dGh SCG Hh SCG H aL

    .IOdG ,g j G EG M

    AGLE dG hCG/h dG e Y NCJ CG Y -

    dM ) dP j eCG c GPEG edG QNG

    .(ke ,dG jJ GPEG e

    dGh dGh dG a

    dGh dH j dG G J CG Y

    Lh e A e b Se GSH dGh

    EG dHh .(G O) G GQNG AGLEG LCG e Y

    .dGh dG e kc J CG kFGO Y WCG

    Gh G a

    Y jEG dhfi hCG jEG a dG Vd kJ

    .dG hCG/h G J CG

    OY de Ae GSH G QG dJ Y -

    J b iNCG qdG FGdG C) dG AH hCG

    .(YdG dOCG H j a e Ff

    e LP NCJ CG ,b Se GSH ,Y -

    Y kH d G dG j dG FdG

    jT Y dG FdG e Ib V .G

    e fi e IH ,hdG Y ,dP SGh

    J CG Y K .(WdG dG) OY

    q CG MJ CG Yh ,G OLh Y G

    Y FdG e J e J CG kjCG Y .d

    AGdG dG JGh iNCG jT

    .M Me d

    dG e Y NCG Y ,(G O) G GQNG AGLE -

    SGH MdG Y WH Ib eh d G

    IQGM LQO cJ CG Yh b Se

    .adG

    Gh MdG Y e e Y CG Y -

    .G RJdG QNG AGLE

    bG GPEG ,G e Y Y CG Y -

    AGLEh G OLh LCG e ,dP eCG

    .G RJdG h (G O) G GQNG

    53

    YdGh dG dOCG L :7 aG

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  • dOCG S Y G

    L dOCG S Y G gCG e

    eCG db dOCG g CG e cCd dPh ,bhCG

    jJh SJh dOCG L j dPh .G

    Y FKdG J CG jh .U H fh

    kGAH c bh CG dOCG Rj T c bJ

    dG dH kAfGh dOCG j dG dH

    dG G KCG d dPh G Yb EG j

    .bdG Lh Y a LJ

    H PJG a G EG kGQa dG NCG QJ GPEGh

    .eh WMG

    bh SGh Gh HG c e H -

    , j dG ATCG e dP EG eh TdG

    e ScCG Vhh adG IQGM LQO jH

    dG h (SdG e dh) QdG

    Y GS Qhe H M (G O) G e kj

    .ke aL IOG J CG jT KOG

    LdG dGh dG Y jJ -

    jJ e H WCG I dH Mdh .jCG

    gQj dG dG JG Yh .IO qL

    .OdG Gg G G

    bQ Vhh Vh H dG c SJ j -

    hG h dG SG dh) H j Oc

    dG fh YdGh jQdG Vhh ,(S hCG

    dG Vhh ,(e NCG dG Gh dG g e)

    .AYh

    Y U jH AYdG hCG dG J CG Y -

    qj dG OdG bdG Y J CG Yh .dG

    Y SG e hCG hG J CGh jQdGh H

    .UdG jdG

    J VGh H J CG Y cJhd kJh

    .dG fh jJh L CH G

    dG Qb GPEG EG dG EG dOCG J j

    .G eCG b J

    fCG Z dOCG L LCG e aGe dG J bh

    h .dG AGLEG id dG EG J jJ b

    Xfi S dOCG CH J CG Y ,dG g

    K T W dG cG jMh eBG e

    fEa IdG J N jCGQ Z GPEa .aJG j

    d dG G Y dG WG J

    .e dOCG IOSG

    eCG dG FdH QSGG

    G eCG b J dG ZQ GPEG

    H H b dG dG edG Ea fd

    FdG Y kGjJ j CG e j b KOd VJ

    H f CG Gh .G EG dEG N dG

    gh .G eCG eCG bGh J G e

    gdH hj b jdG dG edG e dG

    bdG d j b hCG VdG j H G e

    EG dOCG g J CG Z .G eCG d dG

    .dG jYH j a H G Qhd OGeG g

    dh) dG YG Y j ZG M h

    :g (11)ATCG KK Y ddG j CG (dG edG

    dG hCG G ,kW c e ,jEG hM .1

    d jEG hM hCG NBG AT CG hCG b SGH

    ;dG

    ;dG aGe hH jEG hM .2

    .G jg .3

    j CG dG edG e bj cG e h

    Vj CG Y CG) FbdG Y kGgT UH dOCG

    .c dh (S c FbdG kGO

    AH b dG YH AdH dG edG Ujh

    ee Y dh JOT OGYE cG L

    dG Y J dG edG FG M

    .MhG

    54

    (11)Brown WA. Obstacles to women accessing forensic medical exams in cases of sexual violence. Unpublished

    background paper for the WHO Consultation on the Health Sector Response to Sexual Violence, Geneva, June 2001

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  • c kHe cS j CG dG edG e jh

    dh G Yb jdG HW j CGh G

    :j j CG Y ,dP

    ;dG fi j CG -

    Wfl YCG EG j CGh IODHh VH j CG -

    .dP hO IFdG YLEG GYCG J GPEG

    .bO W e j CG -

    eh bO H Y J dG SCG Y qOj CG -

    .YSG Qb

    VZ a e GDS Y HLEG j c GPEG -

    Vj CGh HLEG j CG Yh .dH j CG

    .UNG f Y J Fe

    CG Yh .j dG SCG jEG j CG Y -

    .SCG e Qj

    hCG HG AKCG fhG MG CG Gh

    edG Y dG FdG YJ EG hCG dGh

    cj CG AG Y dG eh .ej CG dG

    IQhV dP cDjh .fhj dG ATCGe c jhJ

    Hh UJ H HGdGh GAGLEG Jh oj

    .JAGb Hh CG LdG Yh bOg gh

    .G eCG d OGYEd jW aCG

    55

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  • WCG J W IOd P

    fCG fEGfOCG bG - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - (SG ,FdG SG)

    dG - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - (XdG cP ALdG)

    dG Gg e YdG g - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - (YdG - dG - dG -dG)

    H J W Y kAH fCH TCG- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - :

    (fdG G hCG CG hCG CG SG

    dG a b - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - (SG ,FdG SG) :

    OG jQJ- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - (dG - dG - dG) :

    :GdG(dG ebEG e hCG jdGd edG GdG)

    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

    dG b HG Nh(eEG Qb bO H dG H qJ e cP ALdG)

    b HG Nh:(d aGG dG SEG)

    :ddG VGYCGh edG dG Gg Y X bh

    :dG dG(dEG ,AdG e ,dH F ,Je ,Og ,e ,nroe :dG S)

    57

    dG GOdG :8 aG

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  • :dG dGieh ,dG jM hCG b fc e GPEGh ,gGeh Ve :HUEGh hd J H)

    (eNh

    :SdG AYCG a Y(dEG ,bdG ,edG ,IQdG VaG Y jG hCG dG edG)

    :LdG G a Y

    :NCG dG dGh dG iNCG UdG

    .Vd g hM H SG EG Oj CG j HUEG OLh Y EG

    :EG fb dc q oSh dG Gg IOdG g qYoCG(ISCG SGh d fdG G hCG CG hCG CG SG)

    dG edG bJ

    58

    rape 6/13/07 10:04 AM Page 13

  • ddG J W IOd P

    fOCG bG fCG fEG - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - (SG ,FdG SG)

    dG - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - (XdG cP ALdG)

    dG Gg e YdG g - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - (YdG - dG - dG -dG)

    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - :fBG ,IdG ,dG a b fCH TCG

    (SG ,FdG SG)(W) W Y kAH- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - :

    :OG jQJ- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - (dG - dG - dG)

    :GdG(a dG d edG GdG)

    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

    L AGY (VJ) VJ (fEG) fEG (db) b bh- - - - - - - - (dG ,dG ,dG ,YdG)

    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

    :- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - (G)

    :b e- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - (he Z hCG he T)

    dG ,fBG ,IdGh ```````````````````````````:ddG edG (Y) Y X b

    :dG dG(.dEG ,AdG e ,dH F ,Je ,Og ,e ,oe :dG)

    :dG dGieh ,dG jM hCG b fc e GPEGh gGeh Ve :HUEGh hd J H)

    (eNh

    59

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  • :SdG AYCG a Y,bdG ,dG ,edG ,IQdG VaG Y jG hCG dG edG)

    (dEG

    :LdG G a Y

    :NCG dG dGh dG iNCG UdG

    :G Wfl J

    .Vd g hM H SG EG Oj CG j HUEG OLh Y EG

    .fb dc G dG EG q oSh dG Gg IOdG g qYoCG

    dG edG bJ

    60

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  • kjCG h) dd FYEH dG dG e UJ dGh kL dG VGeCd IOG LdG

    (bdG eGSG

    :MeCG ,kFGO ,Yh .iNCG LY g J bh .kL dG VGeCd IOG LdG Y eCG g

    .G dG Y eG kL dG VGeCG Y cJhH AL e J

    VGdG

    dGScahdG(G Me NCG j ) dG jW Y IMGh YL GZ e 500

    hCG

    dGdG jW Y IMGh YL GZ e 400

    hCG

    cjdGdG NGO IMGh YL GZ e 125

    GKH ihdGjehjRCGG Me NCG j ) dG jW Y NDJ IMGh YL GZ 1

    hCG

    jchdG NCG j ) jCG 7 GW dG Je dG jW Y GZ e 100

    (G Me

    GKH ihdGjehjjGjCG 7 GW dG Ge 4 ,dG jW Y GZ e 500

    eGG idhCG

    ceCGjCG 7 GW dG Ge 3 ,dG jW Y GZ e 500

    dGKGH T Y oj) a IMGh Ie dG NGO dhO IMh e 2^4

    *jH(G e fl Ve M

    eY ,dGchdG kej 14 GW dG Je ,dG jW Y GZ e 100

    jG j(G Me NDj CG j )

    d kSM(GKG V kjCG a G OG Gg :Me)

    AdG id ,dGjehjjGkej 14 GW dG Ge 4 ,dG jW Y GZ e 500

    jd FdG eGG

    d SM

    GG AGOhRGfhG e YL hCG IMGh YL dG jW Y GZ 2

    TCG KdG N NCG j ) YS 12 fdGh hCG H J

    (G e hCG

    Y NDJ GZ 1 gQb IMGh YL bGH jehjRCG Y j bdG f c GPEG AGhdG Gg Uh Y ASG :Me*

    .VG MG dG V Lf gh ,dG jW

    .a LJ dG G IG ihdG M d dH YJG jh IG b kLY J CG Yh

    :e

    :d SM e J h keM d ICGe GKH ihdGh dGh dG V FbdG dG

    .IMGh YL dG jW Y GZ 1 jehjRCG + dG jW Y GZ e 400 dGG -

    hCG+ dG NGO dhO IMh e 2^4 jH KGH + dG jW Y GZ e 500 ScahdGG -

    .jCG 7 GW dG Je ,dG jW Y GZ e 100 chdG

    Y NDJ hRGfhG e GZ 2 gQb IMGh YL dG Gg EG J CG a kGe GG AGO c GPEGh.dG jW

    61

    VGeCG e jbdG cJhH :9 aG

    LYh kL dG

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  • dG dG e UJ dGh kL dG VGeCd IOG LdG

    (FbdG dG eGSG kjCG h) gGGh WCd FYEH

    :Me,Yh .iNCG LY g J bh .kL dG VGeCd IOG FbdG LdG Y eCG g

    J CGh ,G dG Y eG kL dG VGeCG Y cJhH AL e J CG ,kFGO

    .WCd SG YGh jhOCG

    VGdG hCG RdGdG

    dGcjdGdG NGO IMGh YL GZ e 125

    hCG

    jedG RhJ CG Y) dG NGO G Rh e c/GZ e 40

    (IMGh YL ,bCG c ,GZ 2 YG

    hCG(dG e TCG dG a jG c GPEG)

    dGdG jW Y IMGh YL ,G Rh e c/GZ e 8

    kdH c d c jG dj

    ihdGjehjRCGdG jW Y IMGh YL G Rh e c/GZ e 2