gubernamentalidad neoliberal y focopolítica: la nueva cuestión social en la argentina

5/16/2018 Gubernamentalidad neoliberal y focopolítica: la nueva cuestión social en la Argentina - slidepdf.com

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Ctxrk mh Hq}xm`kq qkdth Rkjé}àeq Qkaèjhq p akomà`kohq mhj ]tedegk*Neaxj}em mh A`hoaèq Qkaèjhq* XDE

QHI@OET@K JE]@OKEIHT@AEOK P THC@KOEJ QKDTH MHQ@CXEJMEM P RKJ@]@AEQ QKA@K)JEDKTEJHQ HO RHTQRHA]@Ê

AKIRETEME Dxhokq E`thq* 12 p 15 mh IETWK p 5 mh EDT@J mh 4255

$Cxdhtoeiho}ej`mem ohkj`dhtej p nkakrkjé}àe7 jeoxh~e axhq}`ño qkaèj ho je Etcho}òe* qx

hqrha`nà`mem ho je rtk~òaè mh Qej}e‚

Akonhthoaè mh Qkoè Ej~ethw Jhcx`weiño*

Xo`~htq`mem Oea`koej mh Qej}e* Etcho}òe



Thqcxetmkq }hñtàk+rtåa}àkq qkdth je Axhq}`ño Qkaèj

Je axhq}`ño qkaèj ok hq qkjeiho}h je ieohte ho uxh qhthqxhj~h je akfhq`ño qkaèj ho je }hoq`ño ho}th `cxejmem gxtémàe

p mhq`cxejmem qkaèj&Mkowhjk}< 506=7 4612* Aeq}hj< 5003)/ ‚hoje axej xoe qka`hmem hvrhtìho}e hj ho`cie mh qx akfhq`ño p}te}e mh akogxtet hj t`hqck mh qx ntea}xte’ &Aeq}hj* 50037 42)/

Rtìht thqcxetmk7

Ok }`hoh akik nò je akoatha`ño mh xo i`}k mh ‚ò}hctea`ño

qkaèj’ deqemk ho qkj`met`memhq rtkmxa}k mh xo ako}te}k qkaèj

ié}àk uxh xoh e jeq rhtqkoeq mh ieohte fkikcàoheeq`coåomkjhq `mho}`memhq xo`~htqej`wedjhq akik je mha`xmemeok* k }tedegemkt/



Qhcxomk thqcxetmk7

Ok qh }te}e hvajxq`~eiho}h mh thqkj~ht je }hoq`ño ho}th

`cxejmem gxtémàe p mhq`cxejmem qkaèj qòk mh xoe ~etèmenktie ho uxh jkq ~éoaxjkq gxtémàkq &ako}te}k p }x}hje) p jeqmhq`cxejmemhq qkaèjhq &mh ajeqh* mh hq}eiho}k* à}oàeq* mhcàohtk) qh hvrthqeo/

Akoq`mhtk uxh je axhq}`ño qkaèj hq je ieohte akik qhhvrthqeo jeq et}hq mh ckdhtoet qkdth jeq rkdjea`kohq uxh qhrhta`dho akik eihoewe/ Hq}eq qh ie}htèj`weo ho akirjhgeq}haokjkcéeq* m`qrkq`}`~kq p q`q}hieq mh hoxoaèmkq uxhrhti`}ho hj ckd`htok mh jeq akomxa}eq* }eo}k degk thjea`kohq}x}hjethq akik ako}tea}xejhq* }eo}k ò}hcteomk e ejcxoeqrkdjea`kohq p* ej i`qik }`hirk* mhgeomk e jkq iåtchohq ek}teq/ Emhiåq hq xoe axhq}`ño ò}téoqhaeiho}h axj}xtej mh

ò~hoa`ño p thrtkmxaa`ño mh jeq m`nhthoaèq/



Thakon`cxtea`ño mh je axhq}`ñoqkaèj

Ako hj ohkj`dhtej`qik p jeq }teoqnktiea`kohq ho hj ixomk mhj }tedegk je AQaeidè

Pe ok qko jeq ako}temàa`kohq ho}th hj l p hj }tedegk jk uxh qh rjeo}he akikxoe ntea}xte qòk hj OK ]TEDEGK* uxh ho hj aeqk mh Etcho}òe qhre}ho}`we e }te~àq mhj Ik~ì`ho}k mh ]tedegemkthq Mhqkaxremkq &hj

ik~ì`ho}k rùxh}htk)

K}tk hjhiho}k oxh~k hq ‚qx o÷ajhk pe ok temàetå ho je dthafe ho}th`cxejmem p eaahqk e je rtkr`hmem< k ho je ako}temàa`ño ho}th }tedegemkthq pre}tkokq…/ hj ohkj`dhtej`qik thqxhj~h euxhj ~`hgk rtkdjhie mhqrjhceomkxoe hq}te}hcè m`qaxtq`~e aho}teme ho je `mhe mh je oe}xtej mhq`cxejmem mh}kmkq jkq qhthq fxieokq… &ux`weq fedjet) fedjet mh ‚oxh~e axhq}`ño

qkaèj’ hq ho ejc÷o qho}`mk ìrtkr`k &Qxqeoe Ixt`jjk) Jkq qedhthq uxh gxq}`nàeo jeq ò}ht~hoa`kohq qkaèjhq7 qhtéeo je }hktée mh

jeq aerea`memhq mh E/ Qho< je }hktée mhj LFxieok* &ejcxokq òajxpho}eid`ào je }hktée mh je eaa`ko fxieom mh ~ko I`qhq) hj Ktmkj`dhtej`qik Ejhieo p je Hqaxhje mh Afàeck…/



RQ akik et}hq mh ckd`htok

Qxchtìkq ho}homht e jeq rkjé}àeq qkaèjhq

ikmhtoeq* akik q`q}hieq mh tha`rtka`mem hò}ht~hoa`ño ret}àxjethq uxh eqxiho jkqm`qaxtqkq qkdth jk qkaèj/

Akoq}`}xpho et}hq mh ckd`htok kcxdhtoeiho}ej`memhq &Nkxaexj}) uxh qhie}htèj`weo ho ~éoaxjkq p m`qrkq`}`~kq&m`qa`rjòet`kq p ok m`qa`rjòet`kq)* e ~hahq

òq}`}xa`koej`wemkq p hqrhaèj`wemkq* k}teq iåqònktiejhq



D`krkjé}àeq ~q/ D`k+nkakrkjé}àeq

Rkjé}àeq mh je ~`me k d`krkjé}àeq uxh e}`homhoje ~`me ÷}`j mh jkq }tedegemkthq &Nkxaexj})D`k+nkakrkjé}àeq uxh qh kaxreo qkjk mh je ~`me

e o`~hjhq iéoìkq dåqàkq* ahtaeokq e je ixht}hmh a`ht}eq rkdjea`kohq akoq`mhtemeq‚~xjohtedjhq’ k jkq iåq rkdthq mh ho}th jkq

rkdthq &Ej~ethw Jhcx`weiño* 4220)/



D`knkakrkjé}àe p Mhqettkjjk Fxieok Jeq rkjé}àeq qkaèjhq uxh erethaho ~òaxjemkq ej

m`qaxtqk mhj Mhqettkjjk Fxieok uxh qxtcho e nòejhq mhjkq 02‐* nktieo ret}h mh jk uxh jjeik xoe rkjé}àe mh nkakk d`knkakrkjé}àe &Ej~ethw Jhcx`weiño 4220)/

Ho}`homk e je d`knkakrkjé}àe akik xoe nktie ret}àxjetmh jk uxh Nkxaexj} mhokiòe cxdhtoeiho}ej`memohkj`dhtej uxh qh ~`hoh akoq}`}xphomk ho xo oxh~k

fxieo`}et`qik* degk je nxht}h ònjxhoaè mh jkqktceo`qikq qxrte oea`koejhq mh mhqettkjjk KQM&Deoak Ixomèj* D@M* h}a/) ho qxq rkjé}àeq mh ‚e}euxh’ eje rkdthwe* uxh màho rtkik~ht hj mhqettkjjk mh je ~`merhtk jk feaho e o`~hjhq iéoìkq ahtaeokq e je ixht}h/

Hj fxieo`}et`qik qhtée euxhjje rkqà`ño `mhkjñcàe uxh*q` d`ho mhrjkte p jeiho}e je rkdthwe* je òm`choaè p jei`qhtè* ‚oxoae qh axhq}`koe je gxq}àè mhj q`q}hie mhmhq`cxejmem ho qx akogxo}k’ &Ietqfejj* 5006) o` jkqihaeo`qikq uxh je rtk~kaeo/



Rkjé}àeq iòìej`q}eq

@oajxpho xoe qht`h mh oka`kohq+qedhthq rtåa}àkq

akik7 jeq ohahq`memhq dåqàeq* jkq xidtejhq mh a`xmemeoée * jkq reuxh}hq dåqàkq ho qejxm* hjxo`~htqej`qik dåqàk efkte rtkik~`mk rkt hj D@M/

Hq}eq qh ie}htèj`weo e }te~àq mh m`~htqeq nktieq mh

nkaej`wea`ño mh rkdjea`kohq mh k ho ‚t`hqck’* qòe}eaet jkq rtkdjhieq hq}txa}xtejhq uxh rtkmxaho jehvajxq`ño p je rkdthwe/

Emux`htho m`nhtho}hq mhokiòea`kohq retemkgejiho}hrkjé}àeq mh mhqettkjjk fxieok e rhqet mh rtkik~htxoe ~`me &ako qxht}h rete ejcxokq) ho jkq jéi`}hq mh je~`me p je ixht}h* ixafeq mh jeq axejhq emux`hthonktieq mh mhthafkq mh rkdthq/



Aetea}htéq}àeq mh je d`knkakrkjé}àe

Rtkixh~ho je ~`me e o`~hjhq iéoìkq dåqàkq* kqko rkjé}àeq iòìej`q}e uxh qh hghtaho e }te~àqmh m`~htqkq m`qrkq`}`~kq mh nkaej`wea`ño &k }etch}

rkjà`hq )/Hq}eq ok qh m`t`cho e je rkdjea`ño ho chohtej

akik je d`krkj`}àe* qòk e ctxrkq ret}àxjethqokiòemeq mh m`~htqe ieohte7 ‚rkdthq

hq}txa}xtejhq’* rkdjea`kohq mh k ho ‚t`hqck’*‚~xjohtedjhq’* ‚òhirjhedjhq’* h}a/



Jeq axhq}`kohq uxh fep uxh thcxjet kako}tkjet ok qko iåq xo rtkdjhie mh chq}`ño mh je rkdjea`ño o` je rkdjea`ño hj nò ÷j}ìkmhj ckd`htok* m`qiòxphomk jkq t`hqckq mh

emux`t`t honhtihmemhq k exiho}eomk je ~`me÷}`j mh jkq }tedegemkthq &akik ho je h}ere mhje d`krkjé}àe qhc÷o Nkxaexj})* qòk jeqrkjé}àeq mh ‚ctxrkq’ ako xoe ‚thjea`ño

ohce}`~e ako hj }tedegk’/ Hq}h oxh~k et}h mhckdhtoet hq xo rtkdjhie mh chq}`ño mh je ~`me mh jeq rkdjea`kohq mh t`hqck/



Jeq }hiå}àeq mh je axhq}`ño qkaèj ho je Etcho}òe

Nòejhq mhj q`cjk V@V p ra`r`kq mhj VV

Qhc÷o Qxqeoe Ixt`jjk ho je Etcho}òe je aq…’nxh je dthafe uxh qh hq}edjha`ñ ho}th jkq

rtòa`r`kq rjeo}hemkq rkt je hj`}h j`dhtej*

aho}temkq ho je `cxejmem p hj hnha}`~k eaahqk eje rtkr`hmem p e jkq mhthafkq rkjé}àkq mh jkqòi`cteo}hq* eqé akik mh jkq cexafkq p

rxhdjkq kt`còet`kq ‚ p je thqrxhq}e e je i`qienxh ‚xo ho}teiemk ako}hohmkt p thretemkt mh

m`nhthoaèq’ uxh akoq}`}xphtko jeq rkjé}àeq

qkaèjhq/



Rete Jxaèok Eomthoeaa`

‚xoe axhq}`ño qkaèj jkaej aki`howe e m`dxgetqh ako hj athaì`ho}kmh je rkdjea`ño xtdeoe* jeq i`ctea`kohq ò}htoeq p je òi`ctea`ño}teoqe}jåo}àe’ &kdqht~hqh uxh qh fedje mh je Etcho}òe rhtk qh hq}efedjeomk mh Dxhokq E`thq)

… qxtcho ho hqh rhtékmk* mh ieohte nteciho}etè// Ikmkq mhthcxjea`ño p rtk}haa`ño mh jkq eqejetèmkq … uxh ho je màaeme mhjkq =2 axjiòe ako ejck retha`mk ‚e xoe hakokiée nktm`q}e ako xohq}emk mh d`hohq}et…’

jk uxh thmxomk ho xoe ‚thje}`~e fkikchoh`mem mh jeq nktieq uxhemux`t`ñ je ò}hctea`ño qkaèj’

Mhqmh hj =2 e jkq 32 je qka`hmem etcho}òe hq}x~k nktieme rkt xoeeirjè ajeqh ihmè mh eqejetèmkq rtk}hc`mkq rkt hquxhieq mhqhcxt`mem qkaèj p mh axo}ertkr`q}eq mh òcthqk thje}`~eiho}hej}k…je rkdthwe ed`ht}e* exouxh oxoae hq}x~k exqho}h* kaxrñ xojxcet thje}`~eiho}h ietcòej akik nhoñihok qkaèj p akik kdgh}kmh ò}ht~hoa`ño rxdjàe’



Je axhq}`ño qkaèj ho Qej}e* k}tkqthqcxetmkq

Ok hq je i`qie uxh je rjeo}heme eo}ht`ktiho}h axeomk qh chohtej`we àq}erete je Etcho}òe/

Qej}e gxo}k ako k}teq rtk~òaèq mhj okt}h* e m`nhthoaè mh je reire f÷ihme*qh aetea}ht`wñ rkt xoe }etmée akonktiea`ño mhj ihtaemk mh }tedegk j`dth p*mhqmh qxq aki`howkq* rkt xoe ihokt eqejet`wea`ño p xoe iepktrthaet`wea`ño mh jeq nktieq eqejetèmeq mh }tedegk/

Jkq ~éoaxjkq qhi`qht~`jhq qh ieo}x~`htko feq}e ixp ho}temk hj q`cjk VV* em`nhthoaè mh je wkoe aho}tej mkomh pe e nòejhq mhj q`cjk V@V fedéeo q`mkqxq}`}x`meq rexje}òeiho}h rkt nktieq eqejet`wemeq/

Je i`ctea`ño mh xj}teiet mh rtòa`r`kq mhj Q`cjk VV nxh aeq` oxje &ok hv`q}`ñje axhq}`ño qkaèj mhj i`cteo}h akik ho hj aho}tk)

Je rkdjea`ño ho qx cteo iepktée hq ihq}`we k at`kjje* hv`q}ho emhiåqrkdjea`kohq òméchoeq uxh qkdth~`~`htko e je akoux`q}e p akjko`wea`ño p e

jeq cxhtteq mh hv}htiò`k mh je thrxdjàe/



]eirkak }x~k ho}th jkq =2 p >2 xoe‚eirjè ajeqh ihmè mh eqejetèmkq

rtk}hc`mkq rkt hquxhieq mh qhcxt`memqkaèj’ p mh axho}ertkr`q}eq mh òcthqkthje}`~eiho}h ej}k… qkjk xo me}k7 ho 5032hj 82( mh jkq eqejetèmkq ok }hoéeakdht}xte mh Qhcxt`mem Qkaèj/

Qh òqat`dh ho xo hqrea`k chkctånàk ejuxh qh jh eq`coe* e ret}`t mh je

akonktiea`ño mh je Thr÷djàe* xoethrthqho}ea`ño mh e}teqk h òa`~`j`wea`ño eqkaème ej ìecòet`k mh xoe Etcho}òe djeoae p mh ajeqh ihmè/



Qx mòåiàe qkaèj qh fe aetea}ht`wemk

f`q}ñtàeiho}h rkt 7

hv`q}hoaè mh hakokiéeq mh qxdq`q}hoaè*thqht~kt`k mh ieok mh kdte hq}ea`koej rete

je ectàxj}xte/ Hq xoe mh jeq rtk~òaèq ako iåq degkq

òcthqkq rht aår`}e mhj reéq* kaxreomk hj

~hò}`xoe~k rxhq}k ho}th jeq 48 gxt`qmàa`kohq rtk~òaèjhq* &@onktihEtcho}òk qkdth Mhqettkjjk Fxieok* 500>)

]eid`ào hq xoe mh jeq iåq rkdthq qhc÷o

jkq òmàemkthq mh rkdthwe/



Qej}e

E nòejhq mhj q`cjk VV* nxh xoe mh jeq rtk~òaèq mkomh jethnktie mhj Hq}emk ohkj`dhtej qh f`wk ho nktie iåq}hirteoe*

Rkmhikq aetea}ht`wet akik Cteqq` ho xo ohkj`dhtej`qikrtk~òaèj uxh akogxce rtåa}àeq re}tìkoèj`q}eq akorkjé}àeq hnà`ho}`q}eq/

Ej qht emhieq xoe mh jeq rtk~òaèq iåq rkdthq* nxhhjhc`me* ho je }teoqnktiea`ño mh jkq 02‐* akik xok mh jkq

jxcethq mkomh qh rxq`htko ho ietafe ho nktie mh$jedkte}kt`k$* rkt qxq mkjktkqeq ~ho}egeq akirete}`~eq*

ixafkq rtkcteieq ‚nkaej`wemkq’/



D`knkakrkjé}`aeq mh rt`ihte chohtea`ño



5/ ]htt`}kt`kq Degk Rjeohq ex}kchq}`koemkq7 ‚akixo`mem‚* je

rht}hohoaè jkaej* je ex}kqxq}ho}ed`j`mem$ M`qrkq`}`~kq mh

ò}ht~hoa`ño

Aerea`memhq p

oka`kohq rtea}àequxh qh rk}hoaèo

Nktieq ho

uxh qkookiòemkq

rkt jkq K@M

Qxgh}kq+kdgh}kq mh

ò}ht~hoa`ño nkaej`weme

Akoq}txaa`ño mh

òntehq}txa}xtedåqàe* aho}tkqakixo`}et`kq

P chq}`koeo mhje rkdthwe

}htt`}ktèjweme

Ea}`~kq

aer`}ej fxieok’

}tedegk ònktiej ea}`~kq }eoc`djhq hj

dett`k k je ~`~`home

ea}`~k ò}eoc`djhqakik7

hj aer`}ej qkaèj nei`jèt p+kakixo`}et`k

Hj ‚hirkshtiho}’

Je ret}à`rea`ño

‚hakokiée

rkrxjet’* ‚hakokiée

mh jkq

rkdthq’

ctxrkq ~xjohtedjhq ho

‚t`hqck qkaèj’ &mhqkaxremkq* ixghthqrkdthq ghneq mh fkcet* o`õkqmhqox}t`mkq* h}a/)/

ho rkdthwe hv}thie

òhirjhedjhq òméchoeq /

Rkdthq hq}txa}xtejhq7 Ako

OD@



Akoqhaxhoaèq

@oqxjet`wea`ño p }htt`}ktèj`wea`ño jk uxhhq mh fhafk xoe thrtìet`wea`ño pmxej`wea`ño mhj ixomk qkaèj

qkdth k ex}k hvrjk}ea`ño mhj }tedegkòm`~`mxej p akixo`}et`k

hj reqk mh je thrthqho}ea`ño mhj rkdth ~eck ej rkdth ò}hj`cho}h * hirthomhmktuxh rxhmh ex}kchq}`koet qx rtkrèrkdthwe* degeomk akq}kq



4/ Reuxh}hq dåqàkq ho Qejxm* Hmxaea`ño pqeohei`ho}k

Ho qejxm* rxhmho òajx`t e}hoa`ño e je iemthhideteweme p e jkq o`õkq mhqox}t`mkq*~eaxoea`kohq* ho hmxaea`ño7 hmxaea`ño rtìetèqkjeiho}h p ho qeohei`ho}k dåqàk7 ecxe pajkeaeq/

Qh òq}txiho}eo ho m`nhtho}hq o`~hjhq gxt`qmàa`koejhq e ret}`t mh òq}`}xa`kohq* ok qko}htt`}ktèjhq

Akoqhaxhoaèq7Ho ejcxokq reéqhq akik je Etcho}òe* uxh }hoée

mhqettkjjemk xoe eirjè akdht}xte mh qejxm phmxaea`ño cte}x`}e* qh fe rtkmxa`mk je m`qiòxa`ñomh jkq qht~à`kq e jkq reuxh}hq dåqàkq mh



1/ @octhqkq iéoìkq }teoq`}kt`kq ej mhqhirjhk&@I])

K}ktcei`ho}k mh @I] e rkdjea`kohq ako

rtkdjhieq mh hirjhk e rhuxhõe hqaeje uxhthux`htho rtxhde mh je rkdthwe pchohtejiho}h ako}terthq}ea`ño* hg/ rjeohq}tedeget ho je Etcho}òe

Jkq kdgh}kq mh qedht h ò}ht~hoa`ño qko jkq‚ò÷}`jhq’ rete hj }tedegk k rkdjea`kohq

~xjohtedjhq rkt axhq}`kohq mh ò



Eux` nej}e xoe ò}tkmxaa`ño e jeq mh 4 cho uxh rkjé}àeq òajxpho jkq R}akomàòemeq p jkq mhthafkq mh rkdthq ux`weq ~ht jeq k}teq mèrk

]eid`ho nej}e xoe rthqho}ea`ño Qej}e



Rkdthwe ho Eiàt`ae Je}`oeHv}thih Rk~ht}p &==( ho rkdthwe hv}thie p 12( ho t`hqck)

Qkxtah7 AHREJ*Qhr/4224



‚Hj nò mh je rkdthwe fhthmeme’ jkq R]A

f}}r7++sss/èmd/ktc

‚»Met mòhtk e jkq rkdthq rete uxh jjh~ho e qxq f`gkq eje hqaxhje p ej iàmàk; Je `mhe qxtc`ñ ho Eiàtàe

Je}òe* qh ako~`t}`ñ ho rtkcteie qkaèj p fkp epxme ethmxa`t je }teoqi`q`ño ̀ o}htchohtea`koej mh jerkdthwe ho iåq mh 12 reéqhq mhj ixomk/’

http://www.iadb.org/

http://www.iadb.org/



K}ktcei`ho}k mh qht `a`kq dåq`akq +k



K}ktcei`ho}k mh qht~à`kq dåqàkq p+kòcthqkq iéoìkq }teoq`}kt`kq ‚feq}e uxh je

q`}xea`ño mh t`hqck fepe reqemk’

hj nkak ho nei`jèq* rkdthq k hv}thieiho}hrkdthq &hq}txa}xtejhq* ~xjohtedjhq k òhirjhedjhq ) * ako o`õkq p emkjhqaho}hq<

hj rtòa`r`k mh jeq ako}teret}`meq k akomà`koej`memhq &~eaxoea`ño* hqakjet`wea`ño*}tedegk akixo`}et`k) hq}edjha`meq degk q`q}hieq

mh }x}hje m`qa`rjòetè qkdth axhtrkq*iho}ej`memhq mh qxgh}kq p qxq nei`jèq rete‚jkctet’ ‚eaxixjea`ño mh aer`}ej fxieok’ e jetck

rjewk/

@mho}`nàea`ño e }te~àq mh akirjhgkq q`q}hieq



Aetea}ht`wea`ño knàèj

xoe òok~ea`ño mho}tk mh je jjeiemeeq`q}hoaè qkaèj uxh rht}hohaho e je‚nei`jè’ mh jkq rtkcteieq eq`q}hoaèjhq mh

rkjé}àeq r÷djàeq oea`koejhq mh thmhq mh qhcxt`mem * m`nhtho}hq e jkq q`q}hieq mhqhcxtk & DI7 Nt`hth p Tesjòcq)

hv`cho xo ‚ako}te}k qkaèj’ & DI Jòmht}) Ok rht}hohaho ej aeirk mh jkq mhthafkq

&ROXM* Nkoqhae)/



R]A akik thmhq mh qhcxt`mem ònktiejhq DI

]homtéeo mkq nxoa`kohq rtòa`rejhq*

xoe rkjé}àe &thm`q}t`dxa`ño mh òcthqkq pthaxtqkq e jkq iåq ohahq`}emkq) reteepxmetjhq e thqkj~ht rtkdjhieq mhrkdthwe ho hj akt}k rjewk/

Eq`q}`t e jkq fkcethq e ieohget k h~em`t

hj t`hqck/



Oka`kohq rtea}àeq uxh jeq qxq}ho}eo

Je rkdthwe hq aexqeme rkt tewkohq nei`jèthq krhtqkoejhq uxh qh }eoqi`}ho rkt hj aétaxjk ò}htchohtea`koej mh je rkdthwe * ok rkt jeqmhq`cxejmemhq f`q}ñtàeq hq}txa}xtejhq*

akoaho}tea`ño mh je tùxhwe k je mhq`cxejmem/ Je rkdthwe hq je aethoaè rhtqkoej mh aer`}ej

fxieok * je rhtqkoe rkdth hq xoe iåuxòe uxhmhdh aerea`}etqh xqeomk qhc÷o hj jhocxegh mh jehakokiée rkjé}àe* qxq ea}`~kq

Jkq rkdthq }`hoho rtkmxa}`~`mem &Fhtoeomk mh Qk}k)uxh mhdh qht rk}hoaème e rhqet mh ok hq}etaerea`}emkq rete hj }tedegk* rkt hghirjk qxqhq}te}hcèq rete qkdth~`~`t



]hktée mhj aer`}ej fxieokNktie ret}h nxomeiho}ej mh je cxdhtoeiho}ej`mem

ohkj`dhtej p qko je deqh uxh gxq}`nàe jeq R]A*

Hj }tedegemkt qh ako~`ht}h ho xo aer`}ej* ‚xoòcthqk hq qhoa`jjeiho}h hj rtkmxa}k k hj

thomì`ho}k mh xo aer`}ej’/

Hj aer`}ej axpe tho}e hq hj qejet`k ‚hq hj akogxo}kmh nea}kthq néqàkq* rqàkjñcàkq* uxh k}ktceteo e

ejcx`ho je aerea`mem mh ceoet }ej k axej qejet`k*mh ikmk uxh* ~`q}k mhqmh hj jemk mhj }tedegemkt*hj }tedegk ok hq xoe ihtaeoaée thmxa`me e rxteedq}teaa`ño e je nxhtwe mh }tedegk p hj }`hirkmxteo}h hj axej qh jk x}`j`we/ Mhqakirxhq}kmhqmh je rhtqrha}`~e mhj }tedegemkt ho }àtiòkq

Ako}hv}k



Ako}hv}k

Hj aeqk Etcho}òk hq retem`cie}àk Xok mh jkq reéqhq ako iepkt eqejet`wea`ño mh

Eiàtàe Je}òe ~`~`ñ* jxhck mh je cteo }teoqnktiea`ñoohkj`dhtej* xo nxht}h rtkahqk mh exiho}k mh jemhqkaxrea`ño p rthaet`wea`ño mhj }tedegk/ Ho jemàaeme mh jkq 02 52 I@JJKOHQ MH ETCHO]@OKQMH AJEQH IHM@E QH HIRKDTHA@HTKO

Ikq}tede xo ìrkt}eo}h hvreoq`ño mh je hmxaea`ño pje qejxm rxdjàe cte}x`}e ako mhthafkq qkaèjhq~òaxjemkq hq}thafeiho}h e je akomà`ño mha`xmemeoée qkaèj/ Eidkq q`q}hieq nxhtko

mhqnòeaèmkq p rt`~e}`wemkq m`tha}e kòm`tha}eiho}h/ Ho ka}xdth mhj 4225 hj 46( mh jkq fkcethq p hj 14(

mh jeq rhtqkoeq ^`~èo degk je jéohe mh rkdthwe* je}eqe mh mhqkaxrea`ño ed`ht}e hte mhj 56*= (



42+54+42257 &iemtxceme) Jxhck mh je rhq`n`aea`ño p mhj akochjei`ho}k mhjkq efkttkq qh rtkmxaho ieo`nhq}ea`kohq p qeuxhkq* hj ckd`htok thrt`ihako ceqhq p dejeq mh ckie ako}te jkq ieo`nhq}eo}hq akocthcemkq ho je

Rjewe mh Iepk/ Theaa`ño mhj rxhdjk/ Aki`howk mhj aekq/



Aetea}htéq}àeq mh jkq R]A ho Etcho}òe ho jkq÷j}ìkq 52 eõkq

Hj rtkcteie Ghghq p Ghneq mh fkcet mhqkaxremkqRGGFM&4224 mà 4220) qxgh}k7 mhqkaxremk

Hj rjeo Nei`jèq rete je @oajxq`ño Qkaèj RN@ &422=

4220)* qxgh}kq &@ohirjhedjhq p+k ~xjohtedjhq) p hjQhcxtk mh Aerea`}ea`ño p hirjhk &hirjhedjhq)

Je Eq`coea`ño Xo`~htqej rkt f`gk EXF&mà 4220) f`gkqihokthq mh 56 eõkq mh }tedegemkthq ònktiejhq kmhqkaxremkq

R]A Etcho}òe



R]A Etcho}òe

OkidthRtkcteieq p

ktceo`qik mhemiò`q}tea`ño

Mhqat`ra`ño

Mhq}òe}et`kq

Nòeoaèi`ho}k

òcthqk

Okiòea`kohq]àaoà

eqAe}hcktéeqajeq`nàe}ktèq

Ktceo`wea`kohqqkaèjhq

GGFM

Iò`q}ht`k mh

]tedegk*hirjhkpQhcxt`mem Qkaèj

=1 X-E v}tedegk 42fq/ vqhieoe

‚rtkpha}kqrtkmxa}`~kq*cxdhtoei

ho}ejhq k

Mhqkaxremkq akof`gkq 56eõkq k 5

f`gkm`qaerea`}emk

okako}t`dx}`~k*rthqxrx

hq}koea`koej p iåq}etmhmhj DI

@oqat`ra`ñorkt÷oàe

~hw

MhqkaxremkqGhnhq p

ghneq mh

fkcet

AkoqhgkqAkoqxj}`~kq 7Ik~/Rùxh}htk

*Ktc/deqh}htt`}ktèj*Akixo`m

em

Rj G n j }`m ÷



Rjeo Ghnhq ho hj qho}`mk aki÷o

‚Mhthafk Nei`jèt mh @oajxq`ño Qkaèj7

Rtkcteie Ghnhq p Ghneq mh Fkcet Mhqkaxremkq ’/ &okidth knàèj7 I]*

4220)



GGmh Fkcet mhqkaxremkq

Ok nxh xoe akoahq`ño cte}x`}e mhj ckd`htokfeaée jkq mhqkaxremkq* jh nxh ‚etteoaemk’rkt jeq jxafeq qkaèjhq qkdth }kmk mhj

Ik~ì`ho}k Rùxh}htk &Q~eire* . Rhthpte*4221)/

Mxfejmh jk òq}txiho}e akik rtkmxa}k mh xoeaxhtmk mh xoe Aki`q`ño mh Hihtchoaè

qkaèj uxh }hoée thrthqho}ea`ño mh je @cjhqèAe}ñjàe feq}e mh jeq ktceo`wea`kohq mhmhqkaxremkq jkq rùxh}htkq* akik thqrxhq}ee je ‚at`q`q’ mhj 4225 p jkcte ohx}tej`wet je

rtk}hq}e qkaèj



Hj RGGFM Nxh hvrthqemk ho je th}ñtàe knàèj e ret}`t mh

m`q}ò}eq ae}hcktéeq }àaoàeq uxh ò}ho}eoò~`q`d`j`wet hj akonjà}k uxh jk etteoañ* akik je‚hihtchoaè jedktej+kaxrea`koej’* ‚thqrxhq}e e je

at`q`q qò rthahmho}hq ’/

Hoxoaèmk akik ‚mhthafk e je òajxq`ño qkaèj’* mh‚jkq enha}emkq’ rkt hqe ‚at`q`q ’7 qx okidth jk

thnjhge ‚Mhthafk Nei`jèt mh @oajxq`ño Qkaèj7 Rtkcteie Ghnhq p Ghneq mh Fkcet Mhqkaxremkq ’/

Hq xo qxdq`m`k ieq`~kq ej mhqhirjhk uxh okemux`hth nktie mh mhthafk* ok ceteo}`we xo‚òcthqk iéoìk’ p ixafk ihokq ako}t`dxph e je



Rggfm p je erhjea`ño e xo mhthafk

Rkmtée rhoqetqh uxh je erhjea`ño okiòe}`~ee xo mhthafk edq}tea}k mh je ÷j}ìe thnktieakoq}`}xa`koej* hj mh je ‚òajxq`ño qkaèj’* nxh

xoe hq}te}hcè mh jhc`}ìea`ño uxh ò}htrhje e

jkq qha}kthq mh rkmht uxh qh fedéeothakoq}`}x`mk p akoaho}temk* cteaèq e jeqmhq+th+cxjea`kohq mh je cxdhtoeiho}ej`mem

ohkj`dhtej etcho}òe uxh rhti`}`htko xoeakoaho}tea`ño p mhqoea`koej`wea`ño mhj aer`}ejp mh jkq òcthqkq mh xoe rtknxom`mem rkaeq

~hahq ~`q}e/



Rthaet`wea`ko mhj hirjhk p RNNFM

Q` jkq rhtahr}kthq akoq`cxho }tedegk hodjeoak qko memkq mh dege mhj rtkcteie*q`homk uxh hj qxdq`m`k hq iectk p ok

axdth jeq ohahq`memhq dåqàeq iéoìeqrkt jk uxh qh }`homh e xoe jñcàerht~htqe7

eahr}et axejux`ht }tedegk rthaet`k uxhjhq rhti`}e ieo}hoht hj rjeo* meme qxthje}`~e ako}òx`mem/



@oajxq`ko



RN@ JE NEI@J@E



Ako}hv}k mh qxtcì`ho}k RN@

Hj RN@Q hq xoe mh jeq rkjé}àeq qkaèjhq mhj hv rthq`mho}hLàfoht òàème ho hj 422=* }te}e mh m`nhthoaètqh mh jkq

rtkcteieq eo}ht`kthq mhokiòemkq* qhc÷o je ae}hcktéecxdhtoeiho}ej* rtkcteieq mh ‚òcthqkq qkaèjhq’/

Ho hqkq ikiho}kq je rthoqe p qha}kthq mh mhthafe ako}tet`kqe hq}kq rjeohq* ieo`nhq}etko uxh nkiho}ede je ~eceoaè p uxh

fedée ixafkq mhq}òe}et`kq uxh }tedegedeo/

Thje}`~k athaì`ho}k mh je hakokiée* exiho}k hj qejet`kiéoìk p thòàèmkq jkq ako}te}kq akjha}`~kq mh }tedegk

Mh ejjé je hoxoaèa`ño mhj rtkcteie ‚jkctet je hirjhed`j`mem p je‚axj}xte mhj }tedegk’ mh jkq uxh qh hoako}tedeo ho hj rtkcteieGGFM p* ej i`qik }`hirk* ‚m`qiòx`t je ~xjohted`j`mem’ mh jeqrhtqkoeq ho xoe q`}xea`ño ‚hq}txa}xtej iåq mhq~ho}egkqe’



Th}ñtàe mhj RN@

kdgh}`~kq ‚akoqkj`met jeq }etheq thej`wemeq

rete je òajxq`ño qkaèj mh je rkdjea`ño iåq ~xjohtedjh * ako hgh ho je rhtqkoe p

ho je nei`jè * akik xo`mem mha`q`~e retehj mhqettkjjk qkaèj p hakoñiàk mhoxhq}tk reéq/

Uxh je hvrht`hoaè eaxixjeme ho jeìrjhiho}ea`ño mhj rtkcteie p hjthqxj}emk mh jkq thjh~ei`ho}kq

thej`wemkq feaho eakoqhgedjh qx

Uxh mhdh rtkik~htqh xoe ~htmemhte



Uxh… mhdh rtkik~htqh xoe ~htmemhte axj}xte mhj }tedegk ho}th euxhjjkqdhohnàèt`kq ako akomà`kohq mh

hirjhed`j`mem rtkik~`homk qx òqhta`ño k thòqhta`ño jedktej * kt`ho}eomk feaè hjjk hjea}xej rtkcteie/

Uxh …/qh }te}e mh m`qiòx`t je ~xjohted`j`mem mh jeq nei`jèq uxh qh xdàeo ho xoe q`}xea`ño hq}txa}xtejiho}h iåq mhq~ho}egkqe* mh }ej

ikmk uxh je qkje ihgkte mhj òcthqk ok ihgkte qxq rhtqrha}`~eq mh mhqettkjjk fxieok /



mhath}k rthq`mhoaèj uxh jk òq}`}xph qh m`q}òcx`htko ‚mkq q`}xea`kohq òàèjhq qkdth

jeq axejhq hj Hq}emk krhtetée ako fhttei`ho}eq m`nhthoaèmeq mh rkjé}àe r÷djàe 7

jeq ohahq`memhq mh jeq rhtqkoeq uxh }hoéeo

ihokthq m`nàxj}emhq chohtejhq rete hoako}tet xo }tedegk &rkt qx q`}xea`ño nei`jèt* aeo}`mem mh f`gkquxh e}homht* nktiea`ño* h}a/) Hj Rtkcteie Nei`jèqrkt je @oajxq`ño Qkaèj

p jeq mh jeq nei`jèq ho q`}xea`ño mh iepkt ~xjohted`j`mem qkaèj &rkt o÷ihtk mh f`gkq* o`~hjhqmh mhqhta`ño hqakjet* h}a/) ako ihokthq rkq`d`j`memhq mh eaahmht k qkq}hohtqh ihmèo}h hj hirjhk / p hj Qhcxtk mh Aerea`}ea`ño p Hirjhk



Axj}xte mhj }tedegk; Ok je fedée;



4228 422> 4223 4226 4220

Nei`jèq

Mhq}òe}etèq 4=1/==0 112/38= =03/301 83=/63> >24/>82

O`õkq degk

Rtkcteie 684/235 5/583/>10 5/3=4/438 4/254/2>> 4/520/438

]teqreqkq

mhqmh hj

RGGFM

0/31> 540/2>= 122/282 138/=16 106/043

Nxho}h7 Thrkt}h Qxdq`m`kq/ ]edjhtk mh @onktiea`ño mhjRtkcteie Nei`jèq/ Ietwk mh 4220



Tewkohq mh edeomkok RGGFM/ Gxo`k4223 e Gxo`k 4226/

Nxho}h7 Qhath}etée mh Hirjhk &4226) hoNhj`w &4220)

Rktaho}eghq qkdth hj }k}ej Hoako}tetko hirjhk nktiej

14*5(

Hoako}tetko k}teq nktieq mh hirjhk

6*0( Aeidètko ej rjeo nei`jèq

56*6(

Aeidètko ej Qhcxtk mh Hirjhk p



Hj }teqreqk mhj rjeo ‚ghnhq’ ej ‚nei`jèq’

Aexqeq mhj hqaeqk }teqreqk

òq}`}xa`koejhq7 fedè uxh feaht ako~ho`kako jkq ixoà`r`kq p athet jkq akoqhgkqakoqxj}`~kq jk uxh ok qh f`wk

nxh thq`q}`mk rkt je qhoqea`ño mhòqhcxt`mem* je ako}terthq}ea`ño rkt}tedegk mede qhcxt`mem p rth~`q`d`j`mem/

hv`q}éeo hvrha}e}`~eq mh qht mhq`coemkqho nktie rhtieoho}h ho jkq uxh}tedegedeo ho qht~à`kq hq}e}ejhq



Je `mhe mh òajxq`ño qkaèj qh aho}tede hortkik~ht je ihgkte mh je aej`mem mh ~`me mh jkq o`õkq* qkdth }kmk ho jk thnht`mk e qx

hmxaea`ño p qx qejxm* òajxphomk je ihgkte hmxae}`~e mh qxq iemthq rete akempx~et e qx

hirjhed`j`mem /’AKIRKOHO]H MHERKPK HQAKJET



EXF H^E AT@Q]@OE



EXF



EXF M`q}ò}kq ret}`mkq rkjé}àkq p ectxrea`kohq

qkaèjhq pe ~hoéeo rtkrko`homk eq`coea`kohqxo`~htqejhq/

Xok mh jkq rtkpha}kq jhc`qje}`~kq rth~hée

athet xo ìrxhq}k e je tho}e nòeoa`hte rete qkj~ho}et hj akq}k mh je eq`coea`ñoxo`~htqej*

Je Rthq`mho}e m`gk uxh hq}h cte~eiho qñjkrhti`}`tée thaexmet xokq 822 i`jjkohq mhrhqkq* exouxh k}teq axho}eq mhj Iò`q}ht`k

mh Hakokiée hjh~edeo je a`nte e 5222

E ` `ñ X ` j F`g



Eq`coea`ño Xo`~htqej rkt F`gk Mhq}òemk e }kmkq jkq ihokthq mh nei`jèq

mhqkaxremeq k uxh }tedegeo ho je hakokiéeònktiej qxdqxih ho hjjeq }kmkq jkqrtkcteieq eo}ht`kthq/

Akoq`q}h ho k}ktcet xoe qxie n`ge mh 562

rhqkq rkt f`gk &iåvìk 8) uxh qhtå akdtemkrkt xok mh jkq remthq/

Qh òaktrkte akik xo qxdq`q}hie mhjTàcìho mh Eq`coea`kohq Nei`jèthq* gxo}k ej

mh thret}k mhq}òemk e }tedegemkthq hothjea`ño mh mhrhomhoaè p hj Gxd`jea`kohq pRhoq`kohq ok ako}t`dx}`~eq

Mxteo}h hj jeowei`ho}k je Rthq`mho}e en`tiñ

EX@ mhthafk mh rkdthq k xo`~htqej`wea`ño mh je qhcxt`mem



EX@ mhthafk mh rkdthq k xo`~htqej`wea`ño mh je qhcxt`memqkaèj;

Ejcxoeq mh jeq akomà`koej`memhq akik je

mh ~eaxoea`ño jk eahtaeo e xo mhthafk mhrkdthq Ho je th}ñtàe* jkq o`õkq qko jkq qxgh}kq mh

mhthafk* rhtk q`cxh rthqho}h hj }tedegk

akik thnhtho}h ej emux`t`t je nktie mhQejet`k Nei`jèt

fe òaktrktemk e aeq` }thq i`jjkohq

uxò`ho}eq i`j rhtqkoeq feq}e je nhafe* e÷o ok qh qedh hj ctemk mh hq}ed`j`mem uxh

}homtå memk uxh fe q`mk rxhq}k ho ietaferkt xo mhath}k mhj rkmht hghax}`~k p ok rkt

jhp/



thnjhv`kohq

Hq xo e~eoah q`co`nàe}`~k ho thjea`ño ejeq }teoqnhthoaèq akomà`koemeq mhqhcxome chohtea`ño

Ieo}`hoh ejcxokq hjhiho}kq uxh rhti`}hrhoqetjk akik mhthafk mh rkdthq/

Hq}å hoaetemk ho qx akoahra`ño ihokq

akik ]teoqnhthoaèq akomà`koemeq mhòcthqkq p iåq akik xo`~htqej`wea`ñomh je rtk}haa`ño qkaèj* ho hq}h aeqk mhjkq q`q}hieq mh qhcxtk qkaèj/

Rxhmh qht akoq`mhtemk xo Mhthafkq mh Rkdthq



Rxhmh qht akoq`mhtemk xo Mhthafkq mh Rkdthq

je Knàòe mhj Ej}k Aki`q`koemk rete jkq

Mhthafkq Fxieokq &KFAFT) fertkik~`mk je òàè}`~e mhj edktmegh mh jkqMhthafkq Fxieokq rete je thmxaa`ño mhje rkdthwe &Fxieo T`cf}q Errtkeaf }k Rk~ht}p Thmxa}`ko)7 akoq`mhtet e jerkdthwe akik xoe ~`kjea`ño mh mhthafkqfxieokq p rtkik~ht mhthafkq dåqàkq /

Ho nktie qì`jet* rhtk mhqmh k}tk ietakrkjé}àk `mhkjñcàk* hj DI rtkixh~hrkjé}àeq7 rtk rkdthq ho}th jkq uxh qh

hoaxho}teo jeq R]A



até}àeq

qh thmxah e 8 f`gkq

jxhck mh jeq thnktieq ohkj`dhtejhq mh jkq02‐ hv`q}h xo }krh mh òcthqkq rete jkq

}tedegemkthq ho djeoak rkt hoaìe mhjaxej ok qh akdte qejet`k nei`jèt/



………/

Rhtahra`kohq mh jkq rhtahr}kthq*dhohnàèt`kq* k ‚iejhnàèt`kq’;;

1 @omecet qkdth ~ejktea`kohq mh jkq



1/ @omecet qkdth ~ejktea`kohq mh jkqrtkcteieq rthqho}ea`kohq p rhtahra`kohq

mh ret}h mh nxoa`koet`kq rkjé}àkq*}àaoàkq* i`hidtkq mh ktceo`wea`kohqqkaèjhq p mhq}òe}et`kq* ho thjea`ño e7

~ejktea`kohq mhj rtkcteie* qx eaahqk*}teqreqkq p akomà`koej`memhq* mòåiàemh je hakokiée mkiàq}àe* ìrea}kq ho

jeq jkaej`memhq eqé akik qxq rhtahra`kohqqhc÷o je }hoq`ño ho}th mhthafk peq`q}hoaè/



Ako}terthq}ea`kohq h `irea}kq

kdqht~et jeq ~ejktea`kohq mh jeqako}terthq}ea`kohq p jkq `irea}kqqhaxomet`kq uxh hq}kq rtkcteieq feo}ho`mk ho hqeq jkaej`memhq/



Xo`memhq mh eoåj`q`q

mkq wkoeq mhj okt}h Etcho}òk* ho je rtk~òaèmh Qej}e* uxh aktthqrkomho e xoe thc`ñoakoq`mhteme rht`nàtàe* ietcòej p mhqaho}tememhj ìecòet`k mh je etcho}òe ‚djeoae’ p

eqejetème7 hj xidtej mhj Afeak qej}hõk &uxhòajxph }thq a`xmemhq ahtaeoeq ]et}ecej*Ikqako` p Ecxetep p qxq wkoeq rht`xtdeoeq

~òaxjemeq e je hvrjk}ea`ño mh f`mtkaetdxtkq mhje hv PRN) p jkaej`memhq ako hakokiéeq mhqxdq`q}hoaè aeirhqòe7 hj aeqk mh Qeo Aetjkqho jkq êjjhq Aejafeuxéhq/

Rete hj aeqk hqrhaénàk mh je



Rete hj aeqk hqrhaénàk mh jejkaej`mem mh Ikqako`*

qh eoej`we je thjea`ño ho}th jeq nktieq mheaa`ño akjha}`~e* hj eaahqk e jkqrtkcteieq p qx òq}txiho}ea`ño

rtkdjhie}`weomk hj akoahr}k mhakixo`mem rkjé}àe mh Afe}}htchh/



ih}kmkjkcée

thej`wea`ño mh ho}th~`q}eq ho rtknxom`mem&42) e nxoa`koet`kq* }àaoàkq p dhohnàètkqmh jkq rtkcteieq ho mkq thc`kohq mh je

rtk~òaè mh Qej}e uxh rthqho}eo xoea`ht}e fh}htkchoh`mem mh jkq rhtahr}kthq*ho }àtiòkq qka`k hakoñiàkq* à}oàkq*

mh càohtk p mh jxafe rkt ihgkthqakomà`kohq mh ~`me/

Je rhtahra`ño hq rkq`}`~e p qko ~`~`mkq akik xoe epxme k xo mhthafk



Je ~ejktea`ño rkq`}`~e qh m`nhthoa`e

nxht}hiho}h mhj }tedegk m`cok p ex}ñokik EPXME+kdj`cea`ño k ne~kt mhj ckd`htok* rhtk

meme qxq akom`a`koej`memhq7 qh me p qh ux`}e*je ako}terthq}ea`ño ho }tedegk rhti`}h th}t`dx`tjk tha`d`mk &mko p ako}temko) p qej`t mhjhq}`cie mh je måm`~e

MHTHAFK7

Hj mhthafk ej }tedegk uxh hq xo mhthafkakoq}`}xa`koej

hj fhafk mh uxh je q`}xea`ño mh rkdthwe p

mhqkaxrea`ño me mhthafk ej thajeik



êjktea`ño rkq`}`~e mh jkq ‚rjeohq’ rhtk rthn`htho xo }tedegk uxh qh akoq`mhte akik

xo ~ejkt mh je akomà`ño fxieoe7 ‚hj }tedegk m`co`nàe’/



Hirjhk m`cok



Akixo`mem rkjé}àe p rjeohq

Hj aeqk mh Ikqako` p je X]M rxhmh qht ~`q}k akik

xoe akixo`mem rkjé}àe e m`nhthoaè mh je `mhe mhqka`hmem a`~`j qhc÷o Afe}}htghh/

Hq}eq qhtéeo nktieq mh eq`q}hoaè hq}e}ej* ok

cxdhtoeiho}ej k qxrte hq}e}ej uxh rxhmho qhtm`qax}`meq ho }àtiòkq mh je oka`ño mh qka`hmem rkjé}àe &422=* 422>)*



Akixo`mem rkj`}àe

xoe oxh~e ieohte mh thjea`ño ho}th hjhq}emk p je rkdjea`ño* ok deqeme ho je

ae}hcktée xo`~htqej mh mhthafkq* a`xmemeoéep oktieq jhcejhq ~òaxjeme mhqmh je ñr}àekaa`mho}ej e je qka`hmem a`~`j*

rhtk q` rtkmxa}k mh xoe ohckaèa`ño mhj mée e mée

ho}th ‚ctxrkq mh ò}htàq’ p ‚ctxrkq nkaejhq’&}etch}hm ctkxr ) &jkq rkdthq* jeq ixghthqrkdthq* ctxrkq à}oàkq* mhqhirjhemkq*aeirhqòkq* thq`mho}hq mh nedhjeq* ho}th k}tkq)/



Akixo`mem rkj`}àe p rjeohq

Afe}htggh Eoej`we hq}e nktie mhakixo`mem rkjé}àe akik nktieomk ret}hmh je cxdhtoeiho}ej`mem ohkj`dhtej ho je

@omè/ Hq}e rhtqrha}`~e hotùxhah i` `mhemh nkakrkjé}àe/

Akik màh Afe}}htghh xoe rkjé}àe* uxh mhxo jemk* qh ie}htèj`we ho m`qa`rjòei`ho}kho hj o`~hj akixo`}et`k &}eo}k txtej akikxtdeok) p ej i`qik }`hirk hq hj thqxj}emkmh jxafeq rkt je thrtkmxaa`ño mh je ~`me p

mhieomeq mh ex}kckd`htok/

Hvrht`hoaèq mh rtkahqkq mh ex}kokiée



Hvrht`hoaèq mh rtkahqkq mh ex}kokiéep rjeohq

Je eq`coea`ño mh rjeohq e hq}ektceo`wea`ño akik rtkmxa}k mh qxqjxafeq p je ìrkt}eoaè mh jkq rtkpha}kq

akixo`}et`kq p mh chohtea`ño mh hirjhkrtkik~`mkq* fe q`mk rtknxqeiho}hhq}xmème rkt hj aetåa}ht retem`ciå}àk

mh hq}e hvrht`hoaè &Cètteaae* O/ pSeftho* G/ 4228* Q~eire* Iet` Q}hjje .Rhthpte* Qhdeq}èo< 4221* Rùxh}htkq

Ikqako`* 422>)



}hq}ìko`kq

Ho hj 4/222 q` pe okqk}tkq… rtåa}àeiho}h hjIk~ì`ho}k mh Mhqkaxremkq f`wk hj akt}h mhtx}e mhj 00 ho Mà`hidth mhj 00 p efé q` peokq m`htko rjeohq qkaèjhq e okqk}tkq* 822rete thret}`t ho}th Ikqako` p ]et}ecej* `deoe qht 4/222 ejck eqé rhtk mhqrxàq ok qhaxirj`ñ p efé q` okqk}tkq }x~ìkq uxh etiet oxhq}te knàòe mh rtkpha}kq * fedjeikq eejcxoeq KOCq rete uxh okq rthq}eteo hj qhjjk p ako hqkq rtkpha}kq jkq ieomådeikqe Qej}e e je Chthoaè mh hirjhk p efé pe~hoéeo ertkdemkq jkq rtkpha}kq/

I]M I `



I]M Ikqako` Ho Hohtk mhj 4/222 pe akihoweikq e

}tedeget* fedée uxh }hoht ie}htèjhq* cho}h `mñohe* aerea`}eme rete feaht jkq rtkpha}kq uxh hteo akoq}txaa`ño mh exjeq rete hqaxhjeq* qejeq mh rtìhtkq exv`j`kq* }kmk jk

uxh rxqìkq efé< p pe okq ieohgeikqokqk}tkq ej rtòa`r`k hteo 482 rhtqkoeq mhrjeohq* rhtk pe mhqmh hj 0> fedéeo 822 622rhtqkoeq mhqkaxremeq uxh uxhtéeo ho}tet e

hirthqeq* q`hirth fxdk xo ctxrk cteomh uxh uxhtéeo }tedegk choxòk * jkq rjeohq ho aeid`k hteo xoe epxme }hirktetè < uxhokqk}tkq ho thej`mem oxoae ux`qìkq jkq

rjeohq rhtk ho hj 4/225+4/224 jkcteikq

Akixo`mem rkjé}àe



r Rkt k}te ret}h* hv`q}ho }htt`}kt`kq mkomh je akixo`mem

rkjé}àe rete je thrtkmxaa`ño mh je ~`me qh akoq}`}xph e

ret}`t mh hqrea`kq mh ohckaèa`ño mètè* ho}th qxgh}kqhvajx`mkq uxh emux`htho rkmht jkaej p ea}kthqcxdhtoeiho}ejhq uxh ahmho ret}h mh jeq thcxjea`kohqmh je nkakrkjé}àe/

Hq}k q`co`nàe uxh je cxdhtoeiho}ej`mem}teoqoea`koej* thnht`me ho hq}h aeqk e jeq nkakrkjé}àeqmh qhcxome chohtea`ño* }`hoh xoe akohv`ño ret}àxjetako jkq ea}kthq jkaejhq/

Hq}eq nktieq thcxje}ktèq }teoqoea`koejhq poea`koejhq emux`htho xoe hqreaèj`wea`ño ok ~ht}àejo` xo`je}htej* akik m`téeo Nhtcxqko p Cxr}e qkothq`co`nàemeq qhc÷o hj ako}hv}k rkjé}àk p mh jeq

jxafeq qkaèjhq* }eo}k e o`~hj oea`koej akik jkaej/



Tkj mh ktceo`wea`kohq rùxh}hteq

Akik qh rxmk kdqht~et ho hq}e p k}teqò~hq}`cea`kohq* hq}e akixo`mem rkjé}àe ~òaxjeme ej ik~ì`ho}k mh }tedegemkthq

mhqkaxremkq ‚rùxh}htk’ p e k}teqktceo`wea`kohq }htt`}ktèjhq }x~k xo tkjnxomeiho}ej ho ejcxokq }htt`}kt`kq ho hjeaahqk h òq}txiho}ea`ño mh jkq rjeohq p

e je ohckaèa`ño mh je jxafe mhj mée hojeq tx}eq p rùxh}hq/

Hq}eq rhti`}`htko thqkj~ht retaèjiho}h*

ok qñjk axhq}`kohq mh òcthqkq nei`jèthq



Ako}terthq}ea`ko p }tedegk akixo`}et`k

Hq}k nxh rkq`djh mhd`mk e uxh ret}h mh jeako}terthq}ea`ño mh }tedegk uxh thuxhtée hjrjeo ghnhq nxh m`thaa`koeme feaèhvrht`hoaèq mh chohtea`ño mh hirjhk p

qht~à`kq akixo`}et`kq jkaejhq/ Qò hidetck* ho jkq hq}xm`kq h~ejxe}`~kq p

ho oxhq}teq ho}th~`q}eq qxtch je ~ejktea`ñorkq`}`~e mh je ako}terthq}ea`ño uxh hq

thixohteme &q` qh rxhmh xqet hq}e `mhe memehj ~òaxjk eq`q}hoaèj p ok jedktej uxh jeqxq}ho}e) ako xo òcthqk ixp rkt mhdegk mhjkq o`~hjhq iéoìkq mh qxdq`q}hoaè* jk uxhhq}å ikq}teomk uxh je iepktée mh jkq

rhtahr}kthq ok hteo ~eckq qòk uxh* rkt hj



hjhiho}kq

e) hj mh rtkika`ño nei`jèt p akixo`}et`k uxh qh hghax}ede e }te~àq mh KOCq pdtòmede erkpk hqakjet p

j d) jjeiemk ‚mh thika`ño mh detthteq reteje òajxq`ño’ uxh akoq`q}ée ho dhaeq retef`gkq iepkthq mh 56 eõkq ñ }`}xjethq rete}htiòej`mem hmxae}`~e/



RN@ P NKAKRKJ@]@AE

Hq}kq ‚akirkoho}hq’ ixhq}teo uxh hq}hrtkcteie hq xo f`dt`mk ho}th jeqnkakrkjé}àeq mh rtìhte p qhcxome

chohtea`ño uxh qh m`t`cho e jeq rhtqkoeq~xjohtedjhq k mhqkaxremeq* rxhq}k uxhòaktrkte hj akirkoho}h mhj aer`}ej

qkaèj akixo`}et`k ho hq}te}hcèq mh jkuxh qh jjeiñ* ho hj jàvàk cxdhtoeiho}ejhj ‚mhqettkjjk }htt`}ktèj’ rete je òajxq`ño

qkaèj



Akirkoho}hq

Q`o hidetck hq}kq mkq akirkoho}hq}x~`htko ixp rkak mhqettkjjk* qkdth }kmkhj mh rtkika`ño/ E qx ~hw* eidkq

akirkoho}hq hq}åo ~`oaxjemkq ako jeoka`ño mh ‚aer`}ej fxieok’ uxh hq

nxomeiho}ej ho hj nktie}k mh jkq q R]A/



AKOM@A@KOEJ@MEMHQ RN@

Jeq akomà`koej`memhq uxh hq}h rtkcteie}`hoh* hj mh ~eaxoea`ño p hqakjet`mem mh jkqf`gkq ihokthq* gxo}k e hq}kq k}tkqakirkoho}hq eqkaèmkq ako je aej`nàea`ño rtknhq`koej p je }htiòej`mem hmxae}`~e }eid`ào qh ~òaxjeo ako

hj thnktwei`ho}k mhj ‚aer`}ej fxieok’ akik ihm`kmh qej`t mh je rkdthwe/

Q` d`ho qh }te}ede mh ‚rtk}hcht p rtkik~ht ejeq nei`jèq ho q`}xea`ño mh ~xjohted`j`mem p+kt`hqck qkaèj mhqmh je qejxm* je hmxaea`ño p hj

’



HJ ERKPK HQAKJET

Iåq ejjå mh je jñcàe m`qaxtq`~e mh hq}hm`qrkq`}`~k* fxd`hte q`mk ìrkt}eo}h uxh qhakoath}eteo hq}eq ò}hoa`kohq pe uxh

mhd`mk e je q`}xea`ño hakoñiàe mhhirkdthaì`ho}k p atha`ho}h hvajxq`ño*jkq éomàhq mh mhqhta`ño hqakjet fedéeo

qxd`mk ho je Etcho}òe/



]teoq`}kt`hmem }teqreqkq+mhthafkq

Je }teoq`}kt`hmem mh je ~`choaè mh jkqrtkcteieq qxahq`~kq uxh qh nxhtkoìrjhiho}eomk* gxo}k e je ikm`nàea`ño mhjkq thux`q`}kq k akomà`koej`memhq rete qhtmhq}òe}et`k p jeq rex}eq rete je }teoqà`ñok }teqreqk mh xok e k}tk* qko k}teh~`mhoaè mh je nej}e mh ceteo}éeq deqemeq

ho mhthafkq mh jkq rtkcteieq* ~`q}kmhqmh hj rxo}k mh ~`q}e oktie}`~k* jk uxhh~`mhoaè qx aetåa}ht eq`q}hoaèj//



Aeid`kq+}teoqnhtoaèq

Mhqmh hj 4224 ej 4220 &6 eõkq) fxd`htko}thq aeid`kq dtxqakq ho}th }thq cteomhqrjeohq &iåq ejjå mh je akhv`q}hoaè mh

k}tkq) p jeq }teoqnhthoaèq k reqkq mh xoke k}tk mhrhom`htko mh jeq m`q}ò}eqakomà`koej`memhq p e ~hahq mh je

etd`}tet`hmem mh jkq ò}htihmèt`kq k}àaoàkq

gubernamentalidad neoliberal y focopolítica: la nueva cuestión social en la argentina

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