guatemalan youth in adverse contexts: … · adverse contexts: resilience processes underlying...
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GUATEMALANYOUTHINADVERSECONTEXTS:
Resilience processes underlyingeducational opportunities
Advisors:DonnaMertens,PhD.SergioCristancho,PhD.
TanniadeCastañeda,M.A.AppliedPsychologyPhD.Candidate
[email protected]@uvg.edu.gt
Guatemala’soverview
Population:16,703,000people(CEPAL,2016)
66.5%under30yearsofage(INE,2014)
Multiethnic:60%ladinos,40%mayas,xincasygarífunas(ENCOVI,2012;INE,2014)
Multilingual:25nationallanguages(INE,2014)
CentralAmerica’sbiggesteconomy(BM,2015)
Geographicallyprivileged
PhotocourtesyofErlinAyala
Guatemala’sadversecontext
Guatemalaranks133rdoutof187countriesinDevelopmentIndex(0.581)health– education– income
(PNUD,2013)
59.29%povertyincidencerate(BM,2014)
5.6averageyearsofschooling(INE,2014)
Itisoneofthe13countrieswiththehighestcrimerateintheworld(Perspectiva,2016)
Lackofopportunities,insecurity,migrationphenomenon,gangs,drugtraffic,naturaldisasters,postcivilwareffects
(BM,2013)
PhotocourtesyofErlinAyala
Potential
Youngcountry
Opportunityfortransformation
Educationandculturallyrelevantprograms
Prevention
Keymomentforinnovation- education- entrepreneurship
Well-beingandmentalhealthawareness
PhotocourtesyofErlinAyala
Researchpurpose
Tounderstand,fromatransformativeparadigm,theexperienceof
Guatemalanat-riskyouthwhochosetoparticipateinaneducationalprogramthatsoughttopreventviolencethrough
atechnicalscholarship.
PhotocourtesyofErlinAyala
Researchobjectives
Follow-uptheyouthwhoparticipatedintheViolencePreventionProgram(VPP)
UnderstandtheresilienceprocessesofyouthwhograduatedandalsoofthosewhodroppedoutVPP
Deepenourunderstandingoftheyouth’scomplexcontext
Researchquestion
Whataretherisks,protectiveandpromotivefactorsthatinfluencetheresilienceprocessesoftheyoungpeoplewhoparticipatedintheViolencePreventionProgramtechnicaleducationproject?
Sub-questionsWhatarethesocial,psychological,economicandhealthrisksfacedbyVPPyouth?
Whataretheindividual,family,communityandeducationalprotectiveandpromotivefactorsofthisyouth?
Whatistheyouthlifecoursebefore,duringandafterVPP?
Whatarethepersonal,familyandworkchangesthatVPPyouthexperiencedfromtheirparticipationintheprogram?
Sub-questions
WhatistheresiliencelevelofVPPyouth?
WhatistheinfluenceoftheViolencePreventionProgramonyouth?
Howcanthisresearchbeusedtoinfluencepolicyandsupportpositivechangesinthecommunitytoincreaseyouthresilience?
Participants151youthstartedVPP(94menand57women)
102youthgraduates(64menand38women)
49dropouts(30menand19women)
23yearsoldaverageage
Livinginconditionsofeconomicdisadvantages,comingfromidentifiedredzones
IRBapproval
Contextanalysis/previousstudies
LocalAdvisoryCommittee(LAC)
Focusgroups/visualmethods(graduatesanddropouts)
RRC-ARM-28pilot
Dataanalysis
LACconsultation
Indepthinterviews
OnlineRRC-ARM-28(includingcontextualquestions)
LACconsultation
Dataanalysis
Returnresultsworkshopwithparticipantstoexplorewaysofdissemination
LACconsultation
Findingsdissemination
Followup
LACconsultation
Cycle1:Qualitative
Cycle2:Concurrent
Cycle3:Sequential
Cycle4:Concurrent
Cycle5:Qualitative
Transformativeparadigm:Cyclicalmixedmethodsdesign(Mertens,2012)
Basedon:SocialEcologyofResiliencetheory(Ungar,2012)
Preliminaryresults:Promotiveandprotective
factors
Familysupport- motherskeyrole
Significantadults– teachers–spiritualleaders
Peers– friendssupport
Educationalopportunities-sports
Socioemotionalsupport
Communityserviceactivities
Jobopportunities
Personalstrengths
üPositive- curious- creative- lovetolearn-
capacitytodream- entrepreneurial
characteristics
üSetgoals- selfdetermination
üFinanceawareness- savingconcept-
consciousnessofgivingbacktotheirfamilies
üSeizeeveryopportunityhoweversmallitis
üListenandlookforadviceüSocialawareness- givebacktotheircommunitiesandcountry
PhotocourtesyofErlinAyala
Challenges
Unemployment- lowpaidjobs-exclusion
Violence- fear
Poverty- needtoworkatyoungagetopaytheschoolorsupporttheirfamilies
Stigma– discrimination–judgement(physicalappearance/ethnicity/neighborhood)
Drugs– alcoholism
Lackofservices- marginalization
Scholarshipmeaning
• Anexitofcommunitychallenges• Hopefornextgenerationschange• Possibilitytohelptheircommunities• Experienceandjobstability• Increasedincome(tobuyacarandownhomeinasaferneighborhood)• Independence• Newgoals
Lessonslearned
• LACkeyrole
• Researcherlongtermengagementtogaintrust
• Followup- newopportunities
• Networking- jobs
PhotocourtesyofErlinAyala
References• Ayala,Erlin (2017).FotografíasdeGuatemala.UniversidaddelValledeGuatemala.• ComisiónEconómicaparaAméricaLatinayElCaribe[CEPAL],(2016).Guatemala:PerfilNacionalSocio-Demográfico. Recuperadode:http://interwp.cepal.org/cepalstat/Perfil_Nacional_Social.html?pais=GTM&idioma=spanish
• BancoMundial(2013).Gastopúblicoeneducación. Recuperadodehttp://datos.bancomundial.org/indicador/SE.XPD.TOTL.GD.ZS
• BancoMundial(2015).GuatemalaPanoramaGeneral. Recuperadode:http://www.bancomundial.org/es/country/guatemala/overview
• Grupo BancoMundial(2017).Índice deGiniGuatemala.Disponible enhttp://datos.bancomundial.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI?locations=GT
• InstitutoNacionaldeEstadística(2011).EncuestaNacionaldeCondicionesdeVidayPoblación JovenENCOVI-2011. 1ª.Ed.UniónEuropea.Recuperadodehttp://www.ine.gob.gt/np/encovi/documentos/ENCOVI%20JUVENIL%202011%20FINAL.pdf
• InstitutoNacionaldeEstadísticadeGuatemala(INE),(2014).Encuestanacionalde condicionesdevida2014.Disponibleenhttps://www.ine.gob.gt/sistema/uploads/2015/12/11/vjNVdb4IZswOj0ZtuivPIcaAXet8LZqZ.pdf
References• Mertens,D.M.(2007).Transformativeparadigm:Mixedmethodsandsocialjustice.Journalofmixedmethodsresearch,1(3),212-225.SagePublications.
• ProgramadelasNacionesUnidasparaelDesarrollo(2012).Guatemala:¿Unpaísde oportunidadesparalajuventud? InformeNacionaldeDesarrolloHumano(2011-2012). Recuperadode:http://desarrollohumano.org.gt/sites/default/files/INDH%202011_2012.pdf
• Ungar,M.(2012).TheSocialEcologyofResilience:AHandbookofTheoryandPractice.MichaelUngarEd.Springer.