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GSM,GPRS, UMTS

(IMT 2000 Architecture)

Richard Mair

Advanced Computer Networks

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Outline

GSM

{ HSCSD, GPRS, EDGE IMT-2000

UMTS

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GSM

Global System for Mobilecommunications

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GSM-Architecture

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GSM-Architecture (2)

MS Mobile Station{ SIM - Subscriber Identity Module

Basestation Subsystem{

BTS - Base Transceiving Station{ BSC - Base Station Controller

Network node{ MSC - Mobile Switching Center

{ Registers

GMSC- Gateway Services Switching Center

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GSM-Architecture (3)

Registers{ HLR - Home Location Register

{ VLR - Visitor Location Register

{ AUC - Authentication Center{ EIR - Equipment Identity Register

Further Identifiers

{ TMSITemporary Mobile Subscriber Identifier{ IMSIInternational Mobile Subscriber Identifier

{ ...

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GSM - Frequencies

GSM-900:{ Uplink: 890,2 MHz 915 MHz (25 MHz){ Downlink: 935,2 MHz 960 MHz (25 MHz){ Uplink-Downlink distance: 45 MHz

Frequency Division Multiple Access{ Channels are 200 kHz wide.

{ 124 pairs of channels

Time Division Multiple Access{ 8 connections each channel

{ Theoretical 124*8 = 992 channel to use.

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GSM - Frequencies (2)

GSM-1800:

{ Uplink: 1725,2 - 1780,4 MHz

{ Downlink: 1820,2 - 1875,4 MHz

{ Uplink-Downlink distance: 95 MHz

{ 384 pairs of channels

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GSM-Link

Fullrate-Channel (Speech){ 13 kBit/s

Halfrate-Channel (Speech)

{ 6,5 kBit/s

GSM-Data-Channel

{ 9,6 kBit/s

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GSM-Security

User Authentication(Challenge-Response-Method){ AUC generates RAND -> transfers to MS

{ SIM of MS has secret Key and A3-Algorithm

{ SIM calculates SRES (signed response) fromRAND -> transfer to AUC

{ AUC has secret Key and A3-Algorithm

{ AUC calculates SRES too -> compares it withresponse

{ if identical AUC authorizes the network access

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GSM-Security (2)

GSM Communication Encrypting

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HSCSD, GPRS, EDGE

Enhancing the GSM-Standard

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HSCSD

High Speed Circuit SwitchedData

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HSCSD

Enhancement of GSM Standard Channeloriented Data Service

(Channelbundle)

New Channelcoding: 14.4 kBit/s

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HSCSD

Maximum speed: 57 kBit/s Netto speed: approx. 40kBit/s

Advantage:

time based payment

=> faster = cheaper

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GPRS

General Packet Radio Service

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GPRS Key features

GSM Infrastructure Enhancement Packetoriented Data Service

Allows IP packets to be sent andreceived across mobile networks

Theoretical maximum speed: 171.2 kbps

using all 8 time slots

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GPRS Networking

Information is split into separate butrelated "packets

GPRS radio resources are used only

when users are actually sending orreceiving data

More efficient for Networkoperator

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GPRS Networking (2)

Some time slots on some frequenciesare reserved for packet traffic

Time slots are dynamically managed

by base station

Time slots are divided into several

logical channels used for differentpurposes

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GPRS Networking (3)

GPRS provides QoS GPRS network has to check

availability of sevices

Asymmetric channels possible(not for HSCSD)

Coding shemes with 0-50%redundancy for error correction

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GPRS - Limitations

GPRS does impact a network'sexisting cell capacity and vice versa

Link quality depending on transmission

channel (environment)

Mobile has to provide channel

combining abilities(30 multislot classes)

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GPRS - Limitations (2)

Maximum speed can only be achieved if

a single user would use all 8 time slots

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GPRS - Applications

Chat Textual and visual information

Web browsing

Document sharing/Collaborate working

Email

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EDGE

Enhanced Datarate for GlobalEvolution

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EDGE-Standard

GSM/GPRS-Network Enhancement Datarate compareable to UMTS Network

(384 kBit/s and more)

Less efficient than WCDMA of UMTS{ Based on GSM Multiplexmethod (TDMA/FDMA)

Changing GSM Modulation from GPSK to

8PSK Much cheaper than UMTS(existing network)

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EDGE-Standard

GSM/GPRS-Network Enhancement Datarate compareable to UMTS Network

(384 kBit/s and more)

Less efficient than WCDMA of UMTS{ Based on GSM Multiplexmethod (TDMA/FDMA)

Changing GSM Modulation from GPSK to

8PSK Much cheaper than UMTS(existing network)

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IMT-2000

International MobileTelecommunications

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IMT-2000

1992 ITU issued blueprint about 3rdgeneration mobile telephony calledIMT-2000

{ 2000 meant: Year it was supposed to go into service

Frequency to operate in MHz

Bandwidth (up to 2MBit/s)

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IMT-2000 (2)

Not ready until 2000 Basic services of IMT-2000 network:

{ High-quality voice transmission

{ Messaging (e-mail, fax, sms, chat){ Multimedia (playing music, videos,)

{ Internet access (surfing)

Standardisation of transmission modes(TD/CDMA)

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UMTS

Universal MobileTelecommunication System

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UMTS Architecture

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MS Mobile Station{ USIM UMTS Subscriber Identity Module

UTRAN - UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network{ RNS - Radio Network Subsystem

RNC - Radio Network Controller

Node B - Base station

Network node{ UMSC - UMTS Mobile Switching Center

{

Registers GMSC- Gateway Services Switching Center

UMTS Architecture (2)

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UMTS - UTRAN

Complete new Network Functionalities:

{ Access control

{ Congestion prevention

{ Security relevant tasks

{ Handover{ Connection and channel control

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UMTS Radio

Each carrier can operate in one of the followingmodes:

TDD{ 7 unpaired channels per carrier

{ 15 timeslots for optionally up- and/or downlink

FDD{ 12 duplex channels pairs per carrier

{ 190 MHz carrier distance (up to downlink)

Dual mode

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UMTS Radio (2)

UMTS Modulation is 4PSK UMTS Multiplexing

{ Wideband CDMA for air interface.

{ Orthogonal spreadingcode for each user(factor 1-16)

{ Orthogonal scramblingcode between cells(OVSF Codes, Goldcode, Kasamicode)

5 MHz bandwidth

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UMTS Cell layers

Hierarchical cell structure:{ Satellite

{ Macro-cells

{

Micro-cells{ Pico-cells

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UMTS Cell layers (2)

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UMTS Frequencies

Up/Downlink Frequency{ Uplink: 1920 - 1980MHz

{ Downlink: 2110 - 2170MHz

Own subband for satellite service:

{ Uplink: 1980 MHz to 2010 MHz

{

Downlink: 2170 MHz to 2200 MHz

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UMTS

Including QoS Offered data rate targets are:

{ 144 kbits/s satellite and rural outdoor

{ 384 kbits/s urban outdoor

{ 2048 kbits/s indoor and low rangeoutdoor

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UMTS - Advantages

Broad offer of services Speed, variety and user-friendliness of

a service significantly improved

compared with GSM.

Only bearer services are standardized

Actual application is called teleservice

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UMTS - teleservices

Teleservice created individually by aservice provider using bearer services.

Only 4 teleservices standardized:

{ Speech

{ Fax

{

SMS{ Emergency call

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UMTS - Applications

Fast Internet / Intranet Streaming / Download (Video, Audio)

Videoconferences

Multimedia-Messaging, E-Mail

Mobile E-Commerce (M-Commerce)

Location Based Services

Mobile Entertainment (Games,)

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References

GSM World:www.gsmworld.com

UMTS World:www.umtsworld.com

Vodafone:http://www.vodafone.de/askd2/D2-Netz/Ubertragungstechnik/Frequenzen_und_Kanaele/frequenzen_und_kanaele.html

TU-Wien:http://www.nt.tuwien.ac.at/mobile/projects/UMTS/en/

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References (2)

Mobilfunksysteme[Christian Lders]

Kommunikationstechnik[Jrgen Gbel]

Mobile Applications[Johannes Maucher]

Computer networks[Andrew S. Tanenbaum]

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The End

Thanks for the attention