gsm, gprs and umts overview

8/17/2019 GSM, GPRS and UMTS Overview

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GSM,GSM,

GPRSGPRS

and UMTS..and UMTS..


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GSMGSM

GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications:GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications:originally from Groupe Spécial Mobile) is the mostoriginally from Groupe Spécial Mobile) is the mostpopular standard for mobile telephony systems in thepopular standard for mobile telephony systems in theworld.world.

The GSM ssociation! its promoting industry tradeThe GSM ssociation! its promoting industry tradeorgani"ation of mobile phone carriers andorgani"ation of mobile phone carriers andmanufacturers! estimates that #$% of the global mobilemanufacturers! estimates that #$% of the global mobilemar&et uses the standard GSM.mar&et uses the standard GSM.

GSM is used by o'er billion people across moreGSM is used by o'er billion people across morethan * countries and territories.than * countries and territories.


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PerformancePerformance

characteristics of GSMcharacteristics of GSMCommunicationCommunication

mobile! wireless communication+ support for 'oice and datamobile! wireless communication+ support for 'oice and dataser'icesser'ices

Total mobilityTotal mobility

international access!international access!,orldwide connecti'ity,orldwide connecti'ity

High capacityHigh capacitybetter fre-uency efficiency! smaller cells! more customersbetter fre-uency efficiency! smaller cells! more customers

per cellper cell

High transmission qualityHigh transmission qualityhigh audio -uality and reliability for wireless! uninterruptedhigh audio -uality and reliability for wireless! uninterrupted

phone calls at higher speeds (e.g.! from cars! trains)phone calls at higher speeds (e.g.! from cars! trains)

Security functionsSecurity functionsaccess control! authenticationaccess control! authentication


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GSM STANDARDSGSM STANDARDS

GSM-900 StandardGSM-900 Standard

The GSM/$$ standard is a standard for digital 'oice transmission in the /$$ M0"The GSM/$$ standard is a standard for digital 'oice transmission in the /$$ M0"band. This so called 1band. This so called 1primary bandprimary band2 includes two sub bands of 3 M0"2 includes two sub bands of 3 M0"


4n GSM*#$$! *#$$ M0" band was allocated for digital mobile telephone ser'ices4n GSM*#$$! *#$$ M0" band was allocated for digital mobile telephone ser'iceswhich has fre-uency of 53 M0". This was three times the bandwidth allocated for GSMwhich has fre-uency of 53 M0". This was three times the bandwidth allocated for GSM/$$./$$.


GSM*/$$ is the standard for the */$$M0" band. 4t includes the same networ&GSM*/$$ is the standard for the */$$M0" band. 4t includes the same networ&

component as the GSM/$$ or GSM*#$$. The band width of this standard is 6$component as the GSM/$$ or GSM*#$$. The band width of this standard is 6$ M0".M0".


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GENERATION OFGENERATION OF GSMGSM

**stst generation: nalog mobile technologies : M7S !generation: nalog mobile technologies : M7S !TCS 8 9MT.TCS 8 9MT.

ndnd

generation: digital mobile technologies : GSM !generation: digital mobile technologies : GSM !CMCM

.3generation: ;nhancement of GSM: G7


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GSM

EDGE

2.5 G

GPRS

2G

2.5 g+

UMTS 3G WCDMA

The following table lists the &ey e'ents in the GSMThe following table lists the &ey e'ents in the GSM

e'olution:e'olution:


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GPRSGPRS-Wireless Data Services .-Wireless Data Services .

EDGEEDGE—Provides 3 times the data capacity of GPRS.—Provides 3 times the data capacity of GPRS.

3G3G---Uses WCDM tech!olo"ies #ver ir i!terface---Uses WCDM tech!olo"ies #ver ir i!terface

$%M&'($%M&'(


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GSM uses aired radio channe!sGSM uses aired radio channe!s

890MHz 915MHz 935MHz 960MHz

U P L I N

K

D O W

N L I N K


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FDMAFDMA

"Fre#uenc$ di%ision Mu!ti!e"Fre#uenc$ di%ision Mu!ti!e

Access& Access&

TDMATDMA

"Time di%ision Mu!ti!e Access&"Time di%ision Mu!ti!e Access&

Techno!o'Techno!o'

$ $


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!"##$%$&T T'($ )# T$CH&)*)G"$S +S$! "& GSM!"##$%$&T T'($ )# T$CH&)*)G"$S +S$! "& GSM

#!M,#!M, 4n >M! signals from 'arious users are assigned different4n >M! signals from 'arious users are assigned different

fre-uencies. >re-uency guard bands are maintained between ad?acentfre-uencies. >re-uency guard bands are maintained between ad?acentsignal spectra to minimi"e crosstal& between channels.signal spectra to minimi"e crosstal& between channels.

,d.antages of #!M,,d.antages of #!M,

*.*. Capacity increase can be obtained by reducing the information bit rateCapacity increase can be obtained by reducing the information bit rateand using efficient digital codes.and using efficient digital codes.

.. Technological ad'ances re-uired for implementation are simple. systemTechnological ad'ances re-uired for implementation are simple. systemcan be configured so that impro'ement in terms of speech code bit ratecan be configured so that impro'ement in terms of speech code bit ratereduction could be readily incorporated.reduction could be readily incorporated.

!isad.antages of #!M,!isad.antages of #!M, The ma@imum bit rate per channel is fi@ed and low! inhibiting the fle@ibilityThe ma@imum bit rate per channel is fi@ed and low! inhibiting the fle@ibility

in bitrate capability that is needed for computer file transfersin bitrate capability that is needed for computer file transfers


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Fre#uenc$ mu!ti!e( Fre#uenc$ mu!ti!e(

Separatio! of the )hole spectr*m i!to smallerSeparatio! of the )hole spectr*m i!to smallerfre+*e!cy ,a!dsfre+*e!cy ,a!ds

cha!!el "ets a certai! ,a!d of the cha!!el "ets a certai! ,a!d of the spectr*m for the )hole timespectr*m for the )hole time

dva!ta"es dva!ta"es!o dy!amic coordi!atio!!o dy!amic coordi!atio!

!ecessary!ecessary)ors also for a!alo" si"!als)ors also for a!alo" si"!als

Disadva!ta"esDisadva!ta"es)aste of ,a!d)idth)aste of ,a!d)idth

$if the tra/ic is$if the tra/ic isdistri,*ted *!eve!ly(distri,*ted *!eve!ly(

i!0e1i,lei!0e1i,le

"*ard spaces"*ard spaces

& & &A &3 &6&*

f

t

c


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TDMA TDMA ))

4n a TM system! data from each user is con'eyed in time4n a TM system! data from each user is con'eyed in timeinter'als called 1Time slotsB. Se'eral slots ma&e up a frame . ;achinter'als called 1Time slotsB. Se'eral slots ma&e up a frame . ;achslot is made up of a preamble plus information bits addressed toslot is made up of a preamble plus information bits addressed to'arious stations .the functions of the preamble are to pro'ide'arious stations .the functions of the preamble are to pro'ideidentification and incidental information and to allow synchroni"ationidentification and incidental information and to allow synchroni"ation

of the slot at the intended recei'er .Guard times are used betweenof the slot at the intended recei'er .Guard times are used betweeneach users transmission to minimi"e crosstal& between channels.each users transmission to minimi"e crosstal& between channels.

d'antages of TM d'antages of TM

*) TM permits a fle@ible bit rate.*) TM permits a fle@ible bit rate.

) TM offers the opportunity for framebyframe monitoring of the) TM offers the opportunity for framebyframe monitoring of thesignal strength and bit error rates.signal strength and bit error rates.

) TM transmits each signal with sufficient guard time between) TM transmits each signal with sufficient guard time betweentime slots.time slots.


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f

t

c

& & &A &3 &6&*

Time mu!ti!e( Time mu!ti!e( cha!!el "ets the )hole spectr*m for a cha!!el "ets the )hole spectr*m for a

certai! amo*!t of timecertai! amo*!t of time

dva!ta"es dva!ta"es2 o!ly o!e carrier i! theo!ly o!e carrier i! the

medi*m at a!y timemedi*m at a!y time

2 thro*"hp*t hi"h eve!thro*"hp*t hi"h eve!

for ma!y *sersfor ma!y *sers Disadva!ta"esDisadva!ta"es

2 preciseprecise

sy!chro!i'atio!sy!chro!i'atio!

!ecessary!ecessary


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f

Time and Fre#uenc$Time and Fre#uenc$

Mu!ti!e( Mu!ti!e( Com,i!atio! of ,oth methodsCom,i!atio! of ,oth methods

cha!!el "ets a certai! fre+*e!cy ,a!d for a cha!!el "ets a certai! fre+*e!cy ,a!d for a

certai! amo*!t of timecertai! amo*!t of time

t

c

& & &A &3 &6&*


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f

Time and Fre#uenc$Time and Fre#uenc$

Mu!ti!e( Mu!ti!e( E1ample GSME1ample GSM dva!ta"es dva!ta"esetter protectio! a"ai!stetter protectio! a"ai!st

tappi!"tappi!"

Protectio! a"ai!st fre+*e!cyProtectio! a"ai!st fre+*e!cy

selective i!terfere!ceselective i!terfere!ce&i"her data rates compared to&i"her data rates compared to

code m*ltiple1code m*ltiple1

*t precise coordi!atio!*t precise coordi!atio!

re+*iredre+*ired

t

c

& & &A &3 &6&*


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*arious Access Method *arious Access Method


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+e!!s+e!!s


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Reresentation of +e!!sReresentation of +e!!s

I!"# $!##% &'$('(')*% $!##%


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+e!! sie and caacit$ +e!! sie and caacit$

Cell si"e determines number of cells a'ailable toCell si"e determines number of cells a'ailable toco'er geographic area and (with fre-uencyco'er geographic area and (with fre-uencyreuse) the total capacity a'ailable to all usersreuse) the total capacity a'ailable to all users

Capacity within cell limited by a'ailableCapacity within cell limited by a'ailablebandwidth and operational re-uirementsbandwidth and operational re-uirements

;ach networ& operator has to si"e cells to;ach networ& operator has to si"e cells tohandle e@pected traffic demandhandle e@pected traffic demand


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+e!! structure+e!! structure 4mplements space di'ision multiple@: base station co'ers a certain4mplements space di'ision multiple@: base station co'ers a certain

transmission area (cell)transmission area (cell)

Mobile stations communicate only 'ia the base stationMobile stations communicate only 'ia the base station

d'antages of cell structures: d'antages of cell structures:

higher capacity! higher number of usershigher capacity! higher number of users

less transmission power neededless transmission power needed more robust! decentrali"edmore robust! decentrali"ed

base station deals with interference! transmission area etc. locallybase station deals with interference! transmission area etc. locally

7roblems:7roblems:

fi@ed networ& needed for the base stationsfi@ed networ& needed for the base stations

hando'er (changing from one cell to another) necessaryhando'er (changing from one cell to another) necessary

interference with other cellsinterference with other cells

Cell si"es from some *$$ m in cities to! e.g.! 3 &m on the country sideCell si"es from some *$$ m in cities to! e.g.! 3 &m on the country side(GSM) e'en less for higher fre-uencies(GSM) e'en less for higher fre-uencies


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GSM ArchitectureGSM Architecture


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+ f+ f


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+omonent 'rous of a+omonent 'rous of a

GSM net-or GSM net-or

The principle component groups of a GSM networ& are:The principle component groups of a GSM networ& are:

The Mo/i!e Station "MS&The Mo/i!e Station "MS&

This consists of the mobile telephone! fa@ machine etc. This is theThis consists of the mobile telephone! fa@ machine etc. This is the

part of the networ& that the subscriber will see.part of the networ& that the subscriber will see.

The 0ase Station S$stem "0SS&The 0ase Station S$stem "0SS&

This is the part of the networ& which pro'ides the radioThis is the part of the networ& which pro'ides the radio

interconnection from the MS to the landbased switching e-uipment.interconnection from the MS to the landbased switching e-uipment.


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The Net-or S-itchin' S$stemThe Net-or S-itchin' S$stem

This consists of the Mobile ser'ices Switching Centre (MSC)This consists of the Mobile ser'ices Switching Centre (MSC)and its associated systemcontrol databases and processorsand its associated systemcontrol databases and processors

together with the re-uired interfaces. This is the part which pro'idestogether with the re-uired interfaces. This is the part which pro'ides

for interconnection between the GSM networ& and the 7ublicfor interconnection between the GSM networ& and the 7ublic

Switched Telephone 9etwor& (7ST9).Switched Telephone 9etwor& (7ST9).

The Oerations andThe Oerations and

Maintenance S$stemMaintenance S$stem

This enables the networ& pro'ider to configure and maintain theThis enables the networ& pro'ider to configure and maintain thenetwor& from a central location.networ& from a central location.


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M)/"*$M)/"*$ S"TCH"&G C$&T$%S"TCH"&G C$&T$% MSC2 -MSC2 -

Mobile ser'ices switching center (MSC) performs the switching functions for all mobileMobile ser'ices switching center (MSC) performs the switching functions for all mobilestations located in the geographical area co'ered by its assigned DSSs.stations located in the geographical area co'ered by its assigned DSSs.

>unctions of the MSC include :>unctions of the MSC include : Management of MSCDSS signaling 7rotocol.Management of MSCDSS signaling 7rotocol. 0andling location registration and ensuring internetwor&ing between mobile station and0andling location registration and ensuring internetwor&ing between mobile station and

EF


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3"S"T)% *)C,T")& %$G"ST$% 3*%2 -3"S"T)% *)C,T")& %$G"ST$% 3*%2 -

The Eisitor Focation


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,+C Contd4,+C Contd4

=C sends


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$5+"(M$&T "!$&T"T' %$G"ST$% $"%2 -$5+"(M$&T "!$&T"T' %$G"ST$% $"%2 -

The ;-uipment 4dentity


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/,S$ ST,T")& S'ST$M /SS2 - /SC6/TS2/,S$ ST,T")& S'ST$M /SS2 - /SC6/TS2

Characteristics of the Dase Station System (DSS) are :Characteristics of the Dase Station System (DSS) are : The DSS is responsible for communicating with mobile stations inThe DSS is responsible for communicating with mobile stations in

cell areas.cell areas.

Ine DSC controls one or more DTSs and can perform interDTSIne DSC controls one or more DTSs and can perform interDTS

and intraDTS hando'er.and intraDTS hando'er. The Transcoder H JC


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/,S$ ST,T")& S'ST$M /SS2 - /SC6/TS/,S$ ST,T")& S'ST$M /SS2 - /SC6/TS((

TheThe /SS consists of three ma7or hard8are components/SS consists of three ma7or hard8are components

12 The /ase Transcei.er Station /TS12 The /ase Transcei.er Station /TS

The /TS contains the %# components that pro.ide the air interface for a particularThe /TS contains the %# components that pro.ide the air interface for a particular

cell :This is the part of the GSM net8or; 8hich communicates 8ith the MS: Thecell :This is the part of the GSM net8or; 8hich communicates 8ith the MS: The

antenna is included as part of the /TS:antenna is included as part of the /TS:

C!%

The Transcoder >C!%2 is required to con.ert the speech or data output from the MSCThe Transcoder >C!%2 is required to con.ert the speech or data output from the MSC

?@ ;bitAs (CM2B into the form specified by GSM specifications for transmission o.er?@ ;bitAs (CM2B into the form specified by GSM specifications for transmission o.erthethe

air interfaceB that isB bet8een the /SS and MS ?@ ;bitAs to 1? ;bitAs and .ice .ersa2air interfaceB that isB bet8een the /SS and MS ?@ ;bitAs to 1? ;bitAs and .ice .ersa2


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Characteristics of the /ase Station System /SS2 are Characteristics of the /ase Station System /SS2 are

The /SS is responsible for communicating 8ith mobile stations in cell areas:The /SS is responsible for communicating 8ith mobile stations in cell areas:

)ne /SC controls one or more /TSs and can perform inter-/TS and intra-/TS)ne /SC controls one or more /TSs and can perform inter-/TS and intra-/TS

hando.er:hando.er:

- $ach (*M& Should ha.e at least one H*%- $ach (*M& Should ha.e at least one H*%- )ne 3*% is connected to se.eral MSC Bbut one MSC has one 3*%- )ne 3*% is connected to se.eral MSC Bbut one MSC has one 3*%


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0SS0SS


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Mo/i!e StationMo/i!e Station

MID4F; STT4I9 (MS) :MID4F; STT4I9 (MS) :

The mobileThe mobilestation (MS) represents the terminalstation (MS) represents the terminale-uipment used by the wireless subscribere-uipment used by the wireless subscribersupported by the GSM ,ireless system.supported by the GSM ,ireless system.

The S4M may be a remo'able module!The S4M may be a remo'able module!while the e-uipment identity is not lin&ed towhile the e-uipment identity is not lin&ed toa particular subscriber.a particular subscriber.

>unctions of a Mobile Station :>unctions of a Mobile Station :


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1andO%er 1andO%er


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Hand).erHand).er

7rocedure in which an MS releases a connection with a DTS! and7rocedure in which an MS releases a connection with a DTS! and

establishes a connection with a new DTS! while ensuring that theestablishes a connection with a new DTS! while ensuring that the

ongoing call is maintainedongoing call is maintained

&eeds t8o mechanisms-&eeds t8o mechanisms-

Hando.er preparationHando.er preparation detection of cellborderdetection of cellbordercrossing . Dased on radio lin& -uality measurementscrossing . Dased on radio lin& -uality measurements

Hando.er eDecutionHando.er eDecution setup of a new channel in a cell!setup of a new channel in a cell!and teardown of a pre'ious channeland teardown of a pre'ious channel


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Genera! Pacet RadioGenera! Pacet Radio

Ser%iceSer%ice "GPRS&"GPRS& A ne- Dimension to A ne- Dimension to 2ire!ess 2ire!ess

+ommunication+ommunication


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+onstraints -ith e(istin'+onstraints -ith e(istin'

net-or net-or

ata


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General pac;et radio ser.ice G(%S2General pac;et radio ser.ice G(%S2 is a pac&et orientedis a pac&et orientedmobile data ser'ice a'ailable to users of the G cellular communicationmobile data ser'ice a'ailable to users of the G cellular communication

systems (GSM)! as well as in the G systems.systems (GSM)! as well as in the G systems.

4n G systems! G7


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+ircuit S-itched Data

"+SD&efore GPRS. cha!!el is allocated to *ser for a

d*ratio! of co!!ectio!.

4!e/icie!t *se of reso*rces.5ime-,ased ,illi!".Determi!istic +*ality of service.

Reso*rces allocated to comm*!icatio!.S*ita,le to real-time applicatio!s.


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2hi!e In

GPRS)Reso*rces are allocated to *ser o!ly forthe time it taes to se!d each pacet.

cha!!el may ,e shared ,y ma!y *sers.

User pays ,y the pacet.

4deal for 6data7 tra/ic.


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+omarison

+SDGPRS

Fower bit rates 0igher bit rates

(*A.A &bitKs) (upto *5$ &bitKs)


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Sa!ient Features of GPRSSa!ient Features of GPRS

4mportant step on the path to G4mportant step on the path to G Standardi"ed by ;TS4Standardi"ed by ;TS4

G7


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0ene3ts of GPRS0ene3ts of GPRS

9ew ata Ser'ices9ew ata Ser'ices

0igh Speed (ata


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+omarison of GSM 4+omarison of GSM 4GPRSGPRS

GSMGSM GPRSGPRS

Data RatesData Rates 8.9 :,ps8.9 :,ps ;


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UMTSUMTS

+ni.ersal Mobile+ni.ersal Mobile

Telecommunications SystemTelecommunications System


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=ni'ersal Mobile Telecommunications System (=MTS) is=ni'ersal Mobile Telecommunications System (=MTS) is

one of the thirdgeneration (G) mobileone of the thirdgeneration (G) mobile

telecommunications technologies! which is also beingtelecommunications technologies! which is also beingde'eloped into a AG technology.de'eloped into a AG technology.

The first deployment of the =MTS is the


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=MTS! using ,CM! supports ma@imum theoretical=MTS! using ,CM! supports ma@imum theoretical

data transfer rates of * M bitKs (with 0S7).data transfer rates of * M bitKs (with 0S7).

7ractically! =sers can e@pect a transfer rate of up to #A7ractically! =sers can e@pect a transfer rate of up to #A

&bitKs for


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=nli&e ;G; (4MT SingleCarrier! based on GSM) and CM$$$=nli&e ;G; (4MT SingleCarrier! based on GSM) and CM$$$

(4MT MultiCarrier)! =MTS re-uires new base stations and new(4MT MultiCarrier)! =MTS re-uires new base stations and new

fre-uency allocations. 0owe'er! it is closely related to GSMK;G;fre-uency allocations. 0owe'er! it is closely related to GSMK;G;

as it borrows and builds upon concepts from GSM.as it borrows and builds upon concepts from GSM.

>urther! most =MTS handsets also support GSM! allowing seamless>urther! most =MTS handsets also support GSM! allowing seamless

dualmode operation. Therefore! =MTS is sometimes mar&eted as dualmode operation. Therefore! =MTS is sometimes mar&eted as

GSM! emphasi"ing the close relationship with GSM andGSM! emphasi"ing the close relationship with GSM and

differentiating it from competing technologiesdifferentiating it from competing technologies.. =MTS pro'ides se'eral different terrestrial air interfaces! called=MTS pro'ides se'eral different terrestrial air interfaces! called

+MTS Terrestrial %adio ,ccess +T%,2:+MTS Terrestrial %adio ,ccess +T%,2:

ll air interface options are part of 4T=Ns 4MT$$$. 4n the ll air interface options are part of 4T=Ns 4MT$$$. 4n thecurrently most popular 'ariant for cellular mobile telephones!currently most popular 'ariant for cellular mobile telephones! --

C!M,C!M, (4MT irect Spread) is used.(4MT irect Spread) is used.


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Than 5ou..Than 5ou..

gsm, gprs and umts overview

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