FAIRGmbH|GSIGmbH 1PaoloGiubellino,QNP2018,November2018

GSI-FAIRTheUniverseintheLaboratory

8thInterna9onalConferenceonQuarkandNuclearPhysics(QNP2018),Tsukuba,November2018

PaoloGiubellino,FAIRandGSI

FAIRGmbH|GSIGmbH

§  ExisAngacceleratorfacilityhasbeenupgradedtoserveasinjectorforFAIRand–inthemeanAme–forFAIRphase0

GSI–Almost50YearsofScien9ficandTechnicalCompetence

Phelix Laser

CRYRING

2

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ResearchInfrastructuresavailableatGSI-opentoexternalusers,inpar9cularfromuniv.

UNILAC/SIS18

TASCA SHIP

Cryring

R3B

HADESPHELIX

ESR

UNILAC

SIS18

ESR

3

FRS

CRYRING

HITRAP

FAIRGmbH|GSIGmbH3March2017 4

§  ESFRILandmark§  ToppriorityforEuropean

NuclearPhysicsCommunity§  DriverforInnova9onin

ScienceandTechnology

FAIR:FacilityforAn9protonandIonResearch–AWorld-WideUniqueAcceleratorFacility

Sweden France India Finland Germany Poland Romania Russia Slovenia UK 4

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FAIR:Interna9onalCoopera9on

§  RealizaAonandoperaAonofFAIRininterna9onalcoopera9on§  Nineinterna9onalFAIRshareholders§  ParAcipaAonof3.000scien9stsfromallcon9nents

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FAIRGmbH|GSIGmbH

FAIR–TheFacility

RingacceleratorSIS100

ProducAonofnewexoAcnuclei

ProducAonofanAprotons

Collector ring CR

Antiproton ring HESR

Linearaccelerator

RingacceleratorSIS18

100 meters

ExisAngfacilityPlannedfacilityExperiments

ESR

CRYRING

UNILAC

“Gainfactors”rel.toGSI•  100–1000xintensity•  10xenergy•  anAprotonbeams•  systemofstoragecoolerrings

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SIS100

ProducAonofanAprotons

100 meters

ExisAngfacilityPlannedfacilityExperiments

CBM

Super-FRS

APPA

PANDA

NUSTAR

FAIR–fourresearchpillars

HESR

FAIRGmbH|GSIGmbH

FAIRResearchPillars:-afore-frontscien9ficprograminmanyareas

§ AtomicPhysicsandFundamentalSymmetries,§ PlasmaPhysics,§ MaterialsResearch,§ RadiaAonBiology,§ CancerTherapywithIonBeams/SpaceResearch

§ DenseandHotNuclearMaYer

§ NuclearStructureandReacAonStudieswithnucleifaroffstability,

§ PhysicsofExplosiveNucleosynthesis(r-process)

§ HadronStructure&DynamicswithcooledanAprotonbeams

APPA

CBM

NUSTAR

PANDA

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FAIRGmbH|GSIGmbH 9

GravitaAonalWaveSignal

Theoretical prediction by GSI researchers (2010):

Neutron star mergers are the astrophysical site of the r-process producing the very heavy elements

like Pt, Au and beyond, thereby exhibiting a characteristic electromagnetic “Kilonova” signal.

Confirmation by Ligo, Virgo and other astronomer groups (2017)

via detection of both gravitational and electromagnetic waves

emerging from such an event.

FAIR was designed to study the properties of neutron star matter and to trace back the production paths of

the heavy elements!

ElectromagneAc“Kilonova”Signal

Metzger, Martinez-Pinedo, Arcones et al. (2010)

Cowperthwaite, et al. (2017) Kilonova observations

Further push of FAIR science motivation …bymul9messengerstudyofaneutron-starmergerlastsummercombinedwiththeory&simula9ons

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Neutron Star Mergers

§  Equation of State (Hades, CBM) §  Gravitational wave signal §  Amount of ejecta

§  Baryon-Baryon interaction (PANDA)

§  Exotic neutron-rich nuclei (NUSTAR) §  r-process nucleosynthesis and

abundancies of the heaviest elements gold, platinum and beyond

§  Plasma and atomic opacities (APPA) §  Kilonova electromagnetic transient

Copyright: Dana Berry, SkyWorks Digital, Inc

FAIR Research Pillars

The FAIR experiments offer unique opportunities for studying and solving these fundamental questions!

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Neutron Star Mergers and FAIR research …

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Status of FAIR: Civil Construction rapid progress since official start on 4th of July 2017

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Excavation SIS100 tunnel Upgraded SIS18 completed ready for FAIR and FAIR phase 0

Start of concrete shell works for SIS100 Excavation transfer building & CBM cave

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§  SerialproducAonformajorcomponentsforSIS100isprogressingwithonequarterofthedipolemagnetsalreadymanufactured.

SIS100 Dipole Magnets Cryo Catcher

Quadrupole Unit Bunch Compressor

Cryo-Bypass Line

RF Cavity System

Status of FAIR: accelerators: construction / procurement progresses well

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First of Series of SIS100 Quadrupole Magnets successfully cold-tested at JINR…

Cold-Test Facility at JINR, Dubna

SIS100 quadrupole unit mounted in the test cryostat (blue) at JINR, Dubna

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24 SIS100 (of 120) dipole magnets have been delivered and are being cold-tested …

FAIR GmbH | GSI GmbH

New CRYRING@GSI/FAIR

View from local injector to the ring

•  ready for experiments and tests

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Status of FAIR: experimentsdetector R&D and construction well on track …

A P P A

TRD

MUCH

P

A

N

D

A

C

B

M

N U

S T

A

R

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green IT cube

October 4, 2018 mCBM@SIS18 - a CBM full system test-setup for high-rate nucleus-nucleus collisions at GSI/FAIR

Ø  CBM prototype detector systems Ø  free streaming read-out and data

transport to the mFLES Ø  up to 10 MHz collision rate Ø  first commissioning beam in

December 2018

mcbm@SIS18 cave

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HADESupgrades

✓  RICH(HADES/CBMphase0project)–finished,readyforbeam-  GaininleptonpairdetecAonefficiency(x3)

-  Improvedbackground/noiserejecAon:-  BeYerconversionpairrejecAon-  PreciseAmeinformaAon(downto300psprecision)

- Joint(CBM/PANDA/HADES)developmentofread-outsystembasedonTRB3plajorm.✓  Electromagne9cCalorimeter–4sectorsreadyforbeamin2019

-  π0andηdecaysintoγγchannel-  ElectromagneAcdecaysofbaryonicresonances-  Improvede/πseparaAon:importantfordi-electronspectroscopy-  Proventechnology:leadglassmodulesreadoutwithHamamatsuPMTs

✓  MDCreadoutupgrade–Installa9onin2020

HADESCalorimeter

MDCreadoutupgradeInstallaAonin2020

RICHUpgrade

ForwardDetector–InstallaAonin2019

-  MulA-hitTDC(TRBbased)–essenAalforhighrateexperiments-  Read-outtriggerrateincreasefrom50kHzto200kHz

✓  ForwardDetector(HADES/PANDAphase0project)–installa9onin2019-  EnhanceHADEScapabiliAesforexclusivechannels–forwardregion-  HyperonproducAonandEMdecays-  PIDviaTOF,dE/dx(strawtube)–nomagneAcfield

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HADESSpectrometer

Finished, Ready for Beam 4 Sectors Ready for Beam

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HADESreadyfortheAgdatatakingcampaign

19 11/14/18

Ag+Ag at 1.65A GeV Spring 2019 Goal: 5 Billion recorded most central events (0 – 40%)

Measure thermal radiation out to beyond the low-mass vector meson pole region.

Access to chiral 𝜌− 𝑎↓1  mixing.

Differential measurement of mu l t i - s t range baryons . Unravel the mystery of

e n h a n c e d Ξ ↑ −  production observed in Ar+KCl / p+Nb

FAIRGmbH|GSIGmbH

StartversionforPhase0(Status2018)

NeuLAND (Germany, Russia, Netherlands): 1/3 ready in 2018

Tracking system (Germany): Reduced start version in 2018

CALIFA (Sweden, Spain, Germany, Russia): Barrel without backward part ready in 2018 + 80% of the endcap ready in 2019

Si tracker (UK): ready in 2019

GLAD (France, Germany): Commissioning in August 2018

Proton arm (Russia) : ready in 2022

Exploring the extremes with NUSTAR@FAIR

FAIRGmbH|GSIGmbH

HowNaturemakesthebuildingblocksoflife

Alpha fusion on 12C is the stellar reaction of paramount importance, W.A. Fowler, Nobel lecture 1983

12C

4He 16O Experiment in inverse kinematics (Coulomb

dissociation) requires high energies -> GSI/FAIR

rate insufficiently known at astrophysically energies

DESPEC in FAIR Phase-0 (2018/19)

22 Exploring the extremes with NUSTAR@FAIR

Spectroscopy & lifetimes of neutron-rich nuclei close to N=126 FATIMA fast-timing array - ready for experiments (S452, S460 & S468) FATIMA & AGATA at GANIL AIDA DEGAS & FATIMA (2019)

AGATA+VAMOS+FATIMA

AIDA implantation and decay detector (1/3 of full size available in 2018) Commissioned in RIKEN, Japan

FAIRGmbH|GSIGmbH 23

§  WorkingtowardsthecompleAonofFAIRby2025§  MajorthrustisonconstrucAonofFAIRacceleratorsand

experiments§  ButatthesameAmewepursueastagedapproachtoFAIR

scienceandtotheprogressivecommissioningofacceleratorsanddetectors:§  FAIRphase0:startin2018/2019§  FAIRday1/phase1withFAIRacceleratorsprogressively

approachingdesignparameters§  FullFAIRoperaAon

Schedule for Realizing FAIR

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FAIRPhase-0intermediateresearchprogram

§  ObjecAves:§  Commissioningofacceleratorsanddetectors

§  ForefrontresearchbyemployingandtesAngnewFAIRdetectors

§  ExploiAngupgradedGSIacceleratorfaciliAesincl.thenewlyinstalledCRYRING

§  EducaAonofyoungscienAsts§  MaintainandextendskillsandexperAse

§  ServenaAonalandinternaAonalusercommunity

§  requirescarefultechn.preparaAon:§  fullre-commissioningoftheUNILAC/SIS18/ESRcomplexincl.newcontrols

§  gradualimplementaAon

FAIRGmbH|GSIGmbH

Scien8ficStepstowardsimplemen9ngFAIRPhase-0

•  ScienAficprogrammeandbeamparametersdefined,takingintoaccountscienAficandtechnicalprioriAesoftheFAIRCollaboraAons

•  110daysofbeamAmein2018planned,similaramountofbeamAmeenvisagedfor2019

•  ‘CallforProposals’opened2017•  Nearly150submifedexperimentproposalsbywellover1000

scien9sts“overbook”availablebeam9mebyafactorof2-3•  High-profileinternaAonalProgramAdvisoryCommiYees,Overall

PACchairedbyProf.SydneyGalèsevaluatedproposals(G-PACmeeAngheldon19.-21.Sept.2017)

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Evaluation of proposals for first FAIR Phase-0 Campaign 2018/19

Results G-PAC (overall): beamtime recommendations in 8 h-shifts

Session SummainSumpara. Total SummainSumpara. Total SummainSumpara. Total

ESR/CRYRING 555 0 555 188 0 188 278 0 278

SIS18:HADES/CBM 183 81 191 94 81 102 134 81 142

SIS18:NUSTAR-R3B 264 20 266 85 34 88 120 34 123

SIS18:NUSTAR-S-FRS 185 69 192 62 38 66 102 59 108

SIS18:NUSTAR-DESPEC 221 40 225 58 22 60 58 40 62

UNILAC/SHE 570 261 596 294 174 311 327 174 344

∑ 1978 471 2025 781 349 816 1019 388 1058

Shiftsextended(AandA-)Shiftsrequested Shiftsrecommended(A)

Total requested

Total recommended

Total recomm. plus

“flexible reserve”

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Beam time schedule foreseen for 2018

FAIRGmbH|GSIGmbH

Accident: ER1 fire and RF ventilation contamination

images: B. Schlitt

•  Fire in the ER1 transformer •  Power-off in the entire rf gallery

•  Separation of the ER1 system •  No single gap resonators

•  Cleaning of all amplifiers AND all transformers

•  No rf operation until mid. Oct.

! No more physics beam time 2018

FAIRGmbH|GSIGmbH

Main other challenges of the machine

RFQ

Limited amplitude causes limitation of m/q

⇒ Very heavy ions: No high intensity yet

New control system

FAIR control system not completed

⇒ Complex operating

⇒ ESR not in operation

⇒ Still a lot commissioning needed

⇒ Limited parallel operation

images: P. Gerhard

FAIRGmbH|GSIGmbH

NewPlan

§  FollowingtheinterrupAonofthephysicsrunduetotheaccidentandtheresulAngextendeddownAme,newplanshadtobedeveloped.AteracarefulanalysisofthedamageandthesituaAon,themachineoperaAonstrategyistoshitthetwodatatakingperiodsforeseenforfall2018andfall2019byafewmonths.Theynowwillbeperformedinearly2019andearly2020respecAvely,andcommissioningAmehasbeenaddedfortheacceleratorsinordertoaddresssomeofthetechnicalissuesinanopAmisedway.

FAIRGmbH|GSIGmbH

NewPlan:Goalsandboundarycondi9ons

§  Engineeringrun:Nov.2018–Dec.2018§  Goal:toestablishbasicoperaAoncondiAonsthatarerequiredforthePhysics

programin2019§  boundarycondiAons:

§  limitedcapabiliAesofnewFAIRcontrols§  Notyetcomprehensivetoolsincludinguptodatelaucelayoutsforbeamlinetuning§  nostoragemodecapabiliAesavailableforcomprehensiveESRcommissioning

§  Physicsrun:March2019–April2019§  Goal:toprovidereliableoperaAonforthescheduledPhysicsprograms§  boundarycondiAons

§  limitedchoiceofheavyionsduetoHSIRFQtechnicallimitaAon§  Nosinglegapresonatorsattheendofpoststriper§  NoparalleloperaAoninplanningtoensurereliability

§  Engineeringrun:Nov.2019–Dec.2019§  Goal:1)toestablishESRstoragemode2)toestablishdeceleraAoninESR3)to

completethecomissioningofCRYRINGwithESRbeam§  newlyintroducedFAIRcontrolsforESRmustallowstoragemode

§  ExpecttobeavailableforcommissioningnoearlierthanSept.2019

FAIRGmbH|GSIGmbH

Engineering run

Main focus of the engineering run •  establilsh slow extraction beam to HADES •  start ESR commission controls •  FRS commissioning, mCBM detector setup

FAIRGmbH|GSIGmbH

Engineering run

Planned shutdown major activities •  UNILAC HSI RFQ new electrodes

•  in progress. Expect installation ~mid 2019 •  UNILAC UHV upgrade: full scale: 8 month •  TGA fire protection renovation

FAIRGmbH|GSIGmbH 35

FAIR2025

Thank You!