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ELECTRIC MOBILITY

PORTUGAL

SHOWCASE TO THE WORLD

NOVEMBER.2010

ELECTRIC MOBILITY PORTUGAL SHOWCASE TO THE WORLD

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INDEX

I. PORTUGUESE PROGRAM FOR ELECTRIC MOBILITY .................................................................................... 3

1. Milestones ............................................................................................................................ 3

2. Governance .......................................................................................................................... 3

II. THE MOBI.E MODEL ........................................................................................................................ 4

1. Approach .............................................................................................................................. 4

2. Principles .............................................................................................................................. 4

3. Value Proposal ...................................................................................................................... 5

4. International Comparison: Pioneer in Interoperability ........................................................ 5

5. Exploring V2G ....................................................................................................................... 6

III. THE MOBI.E SYSTEM ....................................................................................................................... 7

1. Who’s Who in Electric Mobility ............................................................................................ 7

2. Pilot Network ........................................................................................................................ 7

3. Technology ........................................................................................................................... 9

3.1. IT Solution ...........................................................................................................................9

3.2. Charging Concept ..............................................................................................................10

3.3. Partners .............................................................................................................................12

4. International Ambition ....................................................................................................... 13


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I. PORTUGUESE PROGRAM FOR ELECTRIC MOBILITY

1. MILESTONES

Early in 2008, the Portuguese Government launched a working group on electric mobility that gave origin to the

national Program for Electric Mobility. This program was aimed at creating a new approach at Electric Mobility,

based on an innovative electric mobility model designed in view of creating the first national wide infrastructure at

global level. Launched in operation in June 29th 2010, this network will be implemented in the first semester of

2011.

Figure 1: Milestones of MOBI.E

8 JUL 2008“ZERO EMISSION MOBILITY” AGREEMENT

5 FEB 2009LAUNCH OF “PROGRAM FOR ELECTRIC MOBILITY” 29 JUN 2009

INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE “RECHARGING PORTUGAL”MOU WITH MUNICIPALITIES

MOU FOR CONSTITUTION OF MANAGEMENT AUTHORITY

20 AUG 2009POLITICAL FRAMEWORK FOR MOBI.E ELECTRIC MOBILITY MODEL

21 SEP 2009CONSTITUTION OF RENER

JUN2010MOBI.E INTERNATIONAL

JUL 2010-…INSTALLATION OF PILOT NETWORK

MAY2010LEGISLATION

JUN 2011PIL0T NETWORK COMPLETE

1 300 SLOW + 50 FAST

DEC 2010PILOT NETWORK

320 SLOW

2. GOVERNANCE

MOBI.E is coordinated by GAMEP, the Office for Electric Mobility in Portugal, supported by INTELI’s team allocated

to GAMEP, and involves a large coordination effort between partners.

Figure 2: MOBI.E Governance

GAMEPMr. Jõão Dias

Program Management

Management Team(INTELI)

Program Activities

Technical Team(INTELI)

Partners


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II. THE MOBI.E MODEL

1. APPROACH

Early in 2008, the Portuguese Government launched a national Program for Electric Mobility. The program aims at

creating a new approach at Electric Mobility, based on an innovative electric mobility model designed in view of

creating the first national wide infrastructure at global level.

In fact, the more significant the proportion of electricity produced from renewable sources, the higher the impact

not only on local but on overall emissions and on the dependence on fossil fuels and related effect on trade

balances. This is the case of Portugal, where about 43% of electricity is produced from renewables, with a growing

importance of wind power. The smart integration between mobility and energy systems will result on the

perspective of using vehicles as a “decentralized mega-battery”, capable of charging preferably from renewable

sources in low-demand periods and returning electricity to the network according to demand.

The MOBI.E electric mobility model is a fully integrated and totally interoperable

system, multi-retailer and multi-operator. In practice, a national electric mobility

system that allows any individual the access to any provider of electricity in any

charging point explored by any service operator. This ensures transparency, low entry

barriers and competition along the value chain, and runs under a business and service

model that takes advantage on the growing importance of electricity produced with

basis on renewable energy.

Portugal is one of the first countries in the world to have an integrated policy for

electric mobility and a charging network for Electric Vehicles of a national nature.

2. PRINCIPLES

The MOBI.E model takes a systemic approach to sustainable mobility, crossing different levels, from individuals to

communities, each with diverse mobility and energy models. Its ambition is to become more than a set of local

atomized initiatives but to be the first region-wide model (at the scale of Portugal or even Europe), creating value

for all stakeholders, in an open and intrinsically competitive environment.

The MOBI.E system was designed with special focus on the user, i.e., as a support to a costumer centric business

and service model – the MOBI.E model – addressed at electric vehicle users, either individuals or others, such as

fleet operators.

Thus, MOBI.E brings forward an innovative concept founded upon the following principles:

- USER FOCUS – user-centered model design;

- NATIONAL SCALE – involving the main cities and highways;

- UNIVERSAL ACCESS – access to different energy retailers and single user-authentication in the whole

charging points network as well as technical compatibility with any vehicle or battery supplier;

- RENEWABLES INTEGRATION – Privileged use of renewable electricity mainly from excess wind-based

energy during low consumption periods and fast integration with intelligent networks in a V2G model;

- COMPETITIVE MARKET PRICING – when compared to conventional internal combustion engines;


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- PRIVATE INVESTMENT – inclusion of domestic private equity and the development of Portuguese

technology and innovation;

- FULL INTEGRATION – Information, financial and energy flows integration through integrated billing and

management;

- OPEN SOLUTION – allowing the development of other concepts ensuring greater probability of success

when compared to the existing global competition for the leading technological solutions.

3. VALUE PROPOSAL

The MOBI.E system establishes a clear, well structured service value chain, setting well defined actors and roles –

although with enough flexibility to enable its customization to different market frameworks. As a result, the

MOBI.E system is able to deliver a clear value perspective for all stakeholders, setting a transparent view of all

components of service price and enabling comprehensive management of return for any stakeholder involved.

Further to transparency, MOBI.E is driven by convenience, so it was designed to integrate value added or

additional services, such as parking, into a concept of “integrated electric mobility service”. This results on the

possibility to provide users with the ability to manage their electric vehicle based mobility in real time, and even to

connect this system to ITS and public transport management systems. For mobility and energy regulators, this

means reinforcement of planning and management capabilities and of the ability to shape mobility and energy use

patterns in an integrated way.

4. INTERNATIONAL COMPARISON: PIONEER IN INTEROPERABILITY

The MOBI.E concept and model development was based upon the study of different market solutions, mainly

Project Betterplace and leading charging solution from Coulomb Technologies (ChargePoint) and Elektromotive

(Elekrobay). The following figure shows the way in which the MOBI.E model ensures a set of distinctive features

namely those concerning absolute interoperability and services integration capabilities. Such characteristic

“brings” the leading edge in the international competition for the dominant technological solution.

In reality the MOBI.E system will allow any user to charge any vehicle+battery model in any location without

worries for technical compatibility, by using a single subscription service and authentication mechanism. At the

same time, it will allow full transparency for all stakeholders and the gerneration of multiple market-based

opportunities for specific business models.

Figure 3: Comparison with Main Existing Approaches

Modelo de negócio aberto

Reduzidas barreiras à entrada

Integração de informação

Acesso a múltiplos comercializadores no ponto de carregamento

Integração de múltiplos operadores

Integração de outros serviços

Todos os veículos e baterias

MOBI.E is an open access, fully interoperable system, able to integrate different players at each level of the service

value chain. MOBI.E enables the integration of several electric mobility electricity retailers and charging service


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operators into one single system, thus stimulating competition. This central management system, with a dedicated

middleware layer for full protocol compatibility, will make it possible to integrate any charging equipment from

any manufacturer – via well defined protocols – and to connect to multiple IT systems from third parties.

MOBI.E is fully technical compatible, multi-operator, multi-retailer electric mobility system. Using the concept of

“clearing house” for services and electricity, MOBI.E will be able to set a fully integrated network in Singapore,

where any user, with any vehicle, will be able to charge at any location – operated by any service provider – and

have access to any subscribed service with any electric mobility electricity retailer.

5. EXPLORING V2G

Recent technological breakthroughs in diverse areas in the computer and electronic engineering industries are

increasingly finding their application into the various EV system components. Notably, one such enabling

technology is the commonly referred to V2G/G4V (Vehicle to Grid, Grid For Vehicle) which allows bidirectional

energy (and information) flow between the electrical grid and the vehicle, in an “intelligent” way. The following

graph attempts to describe the profile of typical battery use for daily operations base on daily home-work

commuting.

V2G / GAV

01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 21 21 22 23 0001 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 21 21 22 23 00

Off-peak On-peak

0%

100%

Bat

tery

Ch

arge

Driving to work

Chargingat work

“Sellingto netwotk

Driving home

Chargingat home

Network stabilization

Stabilizing effect on the network, charging on low demand periods and supplying in high demand

Source: INTELI, adapted from AC Propulsion

Therefore, it can be seen that vehicle integration with intelligent V2G/G4V networks opens way for new business

models, in which users assume a role as “prosumers”, simultaneously consumers and suppliers of energy, through

intelligent systems that interconnect vehicles, users and the charging network. In practice, vehicle charging makes

use of the existing network at home (slow charging) or at specific charging points (slow / fast charging), where

bidirectional flow allows “buying” from or “selling” energy to the network in low or high demand periods.

The electrical vehicle then becomes a platform for continuous and (quasi-)optimal energy (electricity)

management thus establishing valuable synergistic links with the electrical Utilities. Working as a distributed

network of batteries, urban vehicles have a stabilizing effect on the supply infrastructure. Demand and supply peak

effects are lowered (peak-shaving), which allows lower capacity and maintenance investments and innovative

service models perspectives (win-win for energy companies).

MOBI.E was designed having the smart integration with the power grid in mind.


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III. THE MOBI.E SYSTEM

1. WHO’S WHO IN ELECTRIC MOBILITY

Full integration and transparency result on low entry barriers and a clear view on return on the investment,

fostering the attraction of private investors. MOBI.E system makes it simple for any stakeholder to draw its own

business case and to be an active player in electric mobility.

The MOBI.E model leads to the creation of three new entity types which allow for value generation in electric

mobility:

1. Electricity Retailer for Electric Mobility: sells electricity for Electric Vehicle battery charging through the

charging network operators or the national distribution network (home/fleet base);

2. Electric Mobility Operator: operates charging point networks, making the charging service available to users

through the different electric mobility retailers;

3. Managing Authority for the Operation of the Electric Mobility Network (SGORME): ensures the integration of

stakeholders and services a well as the integrated management of energy and information flows in the

framework of electric mobility. The MOBI.E Model: Players and Roles

PRODUCER XDISTRIBUTION

USER

Energy Flow

kWh

RETAILER

EGMOBI.ETransactions Management

Operators and Retailers

intermediation and integration

Financial flowInformation

PUBLIC NETWORK

PARKING

HOME

NORMAL

QUICK

NORMAL

QUICK

USERCitizen / Organization

ELECTRIC MOBILITY ELECTRICITY RETAILERSells electricity for EV vehicle charging

CHARGING NETWORK OPERATOROperates charging network access points, making the charging service available to its users through

different electric mobility retailers

MANAGING AUTHORITYEnsures integration between all stakeholders as well as the integrated management of information and

energy flows within the electric mobility framework

SERVICES OPERATORSupplies additional services such as parking, which might be integrated into a single invoice

ELECTRICITY DISTRIBUTION NETWORKDistributes and supplies the electricity sold by the electric mobility retailer

SGORME will encompass a platform for the integrated management of electric mobility, which will be made

available to the different operators, electricity retailers and users. This role will be particularly important during

the pilot phase when it will bring coherence between the technical solutions adopted and the creation of a true

national infrastructure.

2. PILOT NETWORK

A pilot phase, consisting on the introduction of a national wide public network of 1 300 normal and 50 fast

charging points, will be fully implemented by the first semester of 2011 in the main 25 cities, thus allowing electric

vehicle users the ability to travel throughout the country in all comfort and safety. This will be complemented by

private partners, building a wide and comprehensive network, including street, public car parks, shopping centres,

service stations, hotels, airports and private garages. The first MOBI.E charging point was inaugurated on June 29th.


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The pilot phase involves the installation of up to 1300 public slow charging points until the end of the 1st semester

of 2011, as well as 50 fast charging points. From its inception the technical solution will take into account all the

operational, security and safety specifications, leading to the full integration of all information and energy flows

and financial transactions.

Figure 4: Pilot Phase

Normal Fast

Guarda

Faro

Braga

Viana do Castelo

Guimarães

Sintra

Évora

Castelo Branco

Loures

Bragança

Porto

Lisboa

Almada

Leiria

Setúbal

Coimbra

Beja

Aveiro

Santarém

Cascais

Torres Vedras

Vila Nova de Gaia

Viseu

Portalegre

Vila Real

This network will be complemented by the introduction of charging points by private operators, mainly in private

locations. A set of companies have joined GAMEP in this effort to promote a highly capillar network in the near

future. The technological solution that will be tested in this pilot phase is a result of a significant investment in

R&D and engineering by firms and R&D organizations from a range of technological areas and industrial sectors

such as automotive, electric and electronics systems, ICT and energy. The MOBI.E model and charging system were

designed under a flexible approach that allows them to be adjusted to a wide set of realities.

Figure 5: First Installed Charging Point (Lisboa)


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3. TECHNOLOGY

Further to the impact in terms of sustainability, the electric vehicle is, clearly, a core area of R&D and innovation, in

new vehicle and powertrain generations, battery technologies, charging systems and smart electricity networks,

complemented by ICT systems. The Portuguese Government is deeply committed to this endeavour, by creating all

the conditions to make Portugal a reference as a living lab for electric mobility, a favourable environment for the

design, development, production and testing of concepts and generations of products and services for electric

mobility.

3.1. IT SOLUTION

The MOBI.E system relies on a comprehensive IT management platform that interconnects all stakeholders around

a well defined service value chain, through the integration of all information, energy and financial fluxes. Ensuring

transparency, service integration, competition and reinforced management capability for all stakeholders.

Figure 6: Network Management System

Main system features include:

1. Real-time visualization of charging points, including charging status and vacancy information

2. Remote monitoring charging process

3. CRM platform for stakeholders’ management

4. Web-based multi-platform access: PC, PDA, cell phone

5. Integrated invoicing with complementary services

Parking, public transports, domestic electricity, creation of personal and business accounts

6. Roaming

Between electric mobility electricity retailers


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Following a service based approach, the following are services provided within the MOBI.E system.

Figure 7: Service Based Approach

For Users For Charging Operators For Electricity Resellers

- Multi-platform access

- Charging station location and

availability

- Charging station reservation

- Car battery status

- Charging station reservations

- Mobility management and

historical track

- Aggregation of VAS

- Information on network status

- Remote management of charging

stations

- Financial compensation service for

VAS (parking, …)

- Pre-paid / post-paid billling

capability for vas

- Integration with third party loyalty

programs

- Metering information

- CRM platform (clients, contracts,

tariffs, helpdesk)

- Pre-paid / post-paid billing

capability

- Loyalty programs

- Financial compensation service for

base and VAS

3.2. CHARGING CONCEPT

3.2.1 CHARGING PROFILES

The MOBI.E charging network will include different charging profiles, according to developing technologies and

standards. Namely:

1. NORMAL charging points:

At home

For fleets

On the street, parking lots, etc.

2. FAST charging points:

On main roads and highways

On service stations

On other locations

Figure 8: Charging Types

PRIVATE

PUBLIC

NORMAL

QUICK

16A-32A

230-400V AC

Up to 200A / 500V DC

43 kW AC (future)


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3.2.2 CONCEPT

The charging concept developed by MOBI.E partners for street charging is fairly innovative, being based on a highly

flexible and modular solution:

1. One CENTRAL STATION capable of managing several satellite stations, concentrating authentication,

management and communication in one single unit;

2. A set of SATELLITE STATIONS (plugs).

Modular design and construction and module sharing allows low and easy maintenance and repair and quick

response to technological evolution.

Figure 9: Configuration of Charging Stations

CENTRAL STATION + SATELLITE

+

Figure 10: Use Concept

1

2

3

4


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The concept allows the development of multiple solutions for street, parking and home charging with shared

modules.

Figura 1: Modular Solutions

URBAN SOLUTIONS HOME AND INTERIOR PARKING

SERVICE STATIONSCAR DEALERS

STRATEGIC LOCATIONS

- One central command station will be able control up to 250 charging stations:

- Easy to scale up / Low cost / Modularity

- Flexibility to be inserted in different architecture

- Easy installation and maintenance

- Evolution to the future mode 3 standard IEC 62196 connector (currently cable mode 1 or 2, with IEC 60309

connector)

3.3. PARTNERS

Technological partners include a growing set of national and international firms, as displayed below, forming a

dynamic consortium capable of delivering a comprehensive an innovative solution for different applications. Also,

the development of new generation mobility solutions, within Mobi.Car and Mobi.Byke programs, will

complement the development of a fully electric integrated mobility solution.

Figure 11: MOBI.E Technological Partners

MOBI.E CONCEPT AND MODEL

IT SOLUTION CHARGING SOLUTION INTEGRATION WITH THE GRID

BUSINESS PROCESSES AND ARQUITECTURE

MOBI.VEHICLES

BUSINESSMANAGEMENT

MULTI-USE

MOBI.CAR

MOBI.BIKE

NETWORKMANAGEMENT

HOME

FAST

CONCEPTSTYLING AND HMI

PILOT TEST & OPERATION

PILOT CHARGING NETWORK OPERATION

MOBI.E MANAGEMENT & OPERATION


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4. INTERNATIONAL AMBITION

The Portuguese Government and MOBI.E partners believe it to be a challenge to set a global strategy and,

furthermore, a global strategy and action plan for electric mobility. Transnational approaches at electric mobility

should be designed with special focus on the users and ensure low full compatibility and interoperability,

competition and low entry barriers, resulting on competitive pricing and clear return for all stakeholders.

Electric mobility represents a crucial opportunity for the future sustainability. The growing introduction of electric

vehicles will contribute significantly for more efficient mobility systems, reducing the impacts of mobility, such as

emissions and noise, particularly in urban environments. The smart integration between mobility and energy

systems will result on the perspective of using vehicles as a “decentralized mega-battery”, capable of charging

preferably from renewable sources in low-demand periods and returning electricity to the network according to

demand.

Figure 12: International Approach

With this objective in mind, the MOBI.E concept and technological system were designed to be the basis of an

international technology platform for electric mobility. The system is based on:

- Virtualized systems, installed on the cloud;

- Connection to charging points anywhere over secure IP.

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