Growth and Expansion February 2, 2015 Early Industry and Inventions A. Industrial Revolution- factory machines began replacing hand tools and manufacturing replaced farming as the main form of work Samuel Slater built first factory in New England Factories were built near water New sources of power such as steam replaced human and animal power The economy gradually shifted to manufacturing which replaced farming Free Enterprise system American economy people are free to buy, sell, and produce whatever they want. Cities come of Age A. Growth of factories made the surrounding cities grow as well 1. poor sanitary conditions no sewers, dirty water caused disease cholera and yellow fever 2. Some advantages Variety of jobs and steady wages Libraries, museums, and shops Theaters and musicTODAYS WORLD New Technology Steam boat- Robert Fulton- could move against the current (Clermont) Telegraph- Samuel F.B. Morse- pulses of energy sent along an electric wire for communication (Morse Code) Steel Plow- John Deere- made farming easier Mechanical reaper- Cyrus McCormick- made farming easier Eli Whitney- built the cotton gin which separates seeds from cotton Interchangeable parts- parts Scientific discoveries that work Agriculture Expands In 1820s more than 65 percent of Americans were farmers Mainly due to the demand for cotton growing steadily Moving West Population Expands U.S. census in 1790 counted 4million people 30 yrs. later, the population was 10 million with 2 million living west of the Appalachian Mountains National Road built in 1806 went to west River Travel comfort flowed North and South Canals Canals man made or artificial waterway 1. Erie Canal 363 miles that joined the east to the Midwest 2. teams of mules hauled boats and barges along the canal 3. by 1850 there were 3,600 miles of canals Western Settlement- four new states added between Vermont Kentucky Tennessee Ohio Five more added between Indiana Mississippi Illinois Alabama Maine Unity and Sectionalism The Era of Good Feelings- James Monroe Became 5 th president in 1816 A time of few political differences-represented a united America Extremely popular president: Last Founding Father as president Sectionalism Grows Leading Voices for different sections of the country Problems grew over: States rights Slavery Tariffs National Banks Internal Improvements Unemployment soared State banks failed Recession John C. Calhoun- War Hawk from the south Defended slavery Daniel Webster- nationalist from the north Thought that slavery was evil Henry Clay-War Hawk from the west- great compromiser Favored a more active role for the central government in promoting the countrys growth Missouri Compromise Problems over new states entering the union- Conflict over slave states and free states Compromise by Henry Clay that allowed a balance between the north and the south Representation Missouri came into the Union as a slave state and Maine came in as a free statenhistory.org/neh/interactives/ sectionalism/lesson1/nhistory.org/neh/interactives/ sectionalism/lesson1/ Foreign Affairs Border created with Canada Andrew Jackson invaded Spanish Florida Spain loosing power: Possible unrest Possible European involvement Monroe Doctrine Because of unrest and possible European involvement President James Monroe issued the Monroe Doctrine: America would oppose any new colonization in North and South America and would stop it with force if necessary.