Growing PainsGrammar and usage

Grammar and usage

Preposition + which and

Preposition + whom

定语从句 (Attributive Clauses) 在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词、词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词 ( 关系代词或关系副词 ) 引出。     关系代词有： who, whom, whose, that, which 等。

Revision

Is he the man who / that wants to see you?

He is the man (whom / that) I saw yesterday.

They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.

A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.

The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.

Can you tell me whom you are working for?

The train which he is traveling by is arriving. In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person whom she could turn to for help.

介词放在关系代词的前面时 , 关系代词只能用 which 代物、 whom 代人。 ( 介词在末尾时 , 关系代词可以省略 )Can you tell me for whom you are working?

The train by which he is traveling is arriving. In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person to whom she could turn for help.

1) This is the hero (who / whom) we are proud of.

This is the hero of whom we are proud.

This is the hero (that) we are proud of.2) She is the girl (who / whom) I went with there.

She is the girl with whom I went there.

She is the girl (that) I went with there.

3 ) The room (that) I live in is very big.

The room (which) I live in is very big.

The room in which I live is very big.

The room where I live is very big.

注意： 固定动介词组不可分割 , 即介词不能提前。例如 : look after, look at ,look for, take care of …

This is the boy (whom) she has taken care of. 这就是那个她照顾的非常好的男孩。 That is a problem (which / that) we should pay close attention to. 这是一个我们应该密切关注的问题。

“ 介词 + 关系代词”中的介词主要有以下三种确定方法：① 根据定语从句中的谓语动词或形容词来选用介词。如： The fellow _________ I spoke made no answer at first. (speak to) The West Lake, _________ Hangzhou is famous, is a beautiful place. (be famous for).

介词的选用

to whom

for which

② 根据先行词来确定介词。如： Yesterday we had a meeting ________ we discussed many problems. (at the meeting)③ 根据定语从句所表达的意义来确定介词。如： In front of the house Tom is planting a tree, _________ he will be able to sit and read some day.

at which

under which

1. This is the car _____which I bought last year.

2. This is the car ____ which I paid $100.

3. This is the car ____ which I spent $100.

4. This is the car ____ which I go to work every day.

5. This is the car _______ which I can’t go to work.

/

for

on

by

without

Fill in each blank with a proper preposition if necessary.

6. This is the car ____ which the old man was knocked down.

7. This is the car ____ which a boy threw a stone.

8. This is the car _____ which we talked.

9. This is the car ____ which the window was broken.

by

at

about

of

1. She showed the visitors around the museum, the construction _____ had taken more than three years. (2011 江西 ) A. for which B. with which C. of which D. to which答案： C解析：介词 + 关系代词引导因定语从句。 the construction of which 表示“博物馆的建设”。

高考真题

2. Wind power is an ancient source of energy _____ we may return in the near future. （ 2010 山东） A. on which B. by which C. to which D. from which答案： C解析：考察“介词 +which” 的用法。原句是：Wind power is an ancient source of energy which / that we may return to in the near future.

（ 2012 湖南卷） Care of the soul is a gradual process _____ even the small details of life should be considered.

A. what B. in what C. which D. in which

D

【 2012 四川卷】 In our class there are 46 students, _____ half wear glasses. A. in whom B. in them C. of whom D. of them

【答案】 C【解析】 本题考查定语从句。前后两句话之间无连词，故不能用人称代词 them 而应用关系代词 whom 引导定语从句 在 46 个学生当中，表所属，应用 of 。

Fill in the blanks with proper words.

1. The teacher______ ______ I learnt most was Mrs. Zhu.

2. This is the house______ ______ Lu Xun once lived.

3. He will never forget the day __ ______ he came to Beijing.

from whom

in which

on which

4. The reason _____ ______ I came here is that I want to get your help.

5. The fellow ____ _____ I spoke made no answer.

6. The West Lake, ____ ______ Hangzhou is famous, is a beautiful place.7. This is the shop ____ _______ my daughter works.

for which

to whom

for which

in which

8. The pencil _____ ______ he wrote was broken.

9. She has three children, all ____ ______ are at school.

10.The policeman ____ _____ the thief was caught is an old man.

11. I was surprised at the way ___ ______ he treated the old man.

with which

of whom

by whom

in which

Grammar and usage

Relative adverbs: when, where and why

引导定语从句的关系副词有 when, where, why 等。它们和关系代词一样放在先行词的后面起引导作用，同时在定语从句中分别充当时间、地点和原因状语。 ( 当从句不缺主宾表语，或从句动词为不及物动词时） 1). when 指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。如： Can you still remember that evening _______ we met for the first time ？ 　　 when

2). where 指地点 , 在定语从句中作地点状语。如： 　　 Can you show me the house _________ Shakespeare lived ？ 　　 　 3). why 指原因 , 在定语从句中作原因状语。如： 　　 I don’t know the reason ____________ he didn’t tell it to his father 。 　　

where/ in which

why/ for which

某些抽象概念的先行词，用关系副词 where 。case, situation, stage, point

The incidient has reached to a point where both their parents should be called in.

　关系副词 when, where, why 的含义相当于“介词 + which” 结构，因此常常和“介词 + which” 结构互换。例如：There are occasions when (= on which) one must yield. 　Beijing is the place where (= in which) I was born.

Is this the reason why (= for which) he refused our offer? 　

关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词 (who, whom, that, which, whose) ； 先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词 (where 地点状语， when 时间状语， why 原因状语 ) 。

定语从句中何时用关系代词、何时用关系副词 ?

1.This is the mountain village where I

visited last year.

2.I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.

Fwhich

Fwhich

1. This is the mountain village _______ I stayed last year. A. where B. that C. which D. when 2. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held? A. where B. that C. on which D. the one

A

A

Choose the proper relative pronouns to fill in the blanks.

1. October 1, 1949 is the day ____ we’ll never forget. A. when B. whose C. that D. it2. Is this the shop _____ sells children’s clothing? A. which B. where C. in which D. what

C

A

3. His parents wouldn’t let him marry anyone ____ family was poor.

A. of whom B. whom C. of whose D. whose

D

4. Do you know the boy _____ is standing at the gate of our school?

A. who B. which C. whom D. whose

A

5. The woman ____ you saw just now is my aunt.

A. who’s B. whom

C. which D. whose

B

Please compare the following sentences and fill in the blanks.

1. I still remember the days _________ we visited the country-side.

2. I still remember the days ______ we spent together.

3. I return to the village ________ I was brought up.

when

that

where

4. I return to the village _______ we paid a visit to last week.

5. I don’t know the reason _______ he was late.

6. I don’t know the reason _______ he explained to the teacher.

that

why

that

Look at the following pictures. Complete each sentence using an attributive clause.

I know very little about art.

Art is something ______________________________.

about which I know very little

I bought my favorite dress in this shop.

This is the shop _________________________________.in which I bought my favorite dress

I told you about this photo last week.

This is the photo ______________________________.

about which I told you last week

I got the cup from the headmaster.

The headmaster is the person ________________________________.from whom I got the cup

We learnt how to write with brushes from Mr. Ma.

Mr. Ma is the person ___________________________________________.from whom we learnt how to write with brushes