Introduction Of GroupGroup MembershipCharacteristics of Social GroupTypes Of GroupsSocial Facilitation

GroupS are an integral part of Mordern Society

Definition And Nature Of Group

The word “Group” can be understood in different ways by different people.

Two or more persons engaged in any kind of relationship with each other constitute a group.

“A group is a Social unit which consists of number of individuals who stands in defined status and role relationships to one another and which possesses a set of values, or norms of its own, regulating the behaviour of individual members, at least in matters of consequence to the group.”

Group Membership

Membership in a group may be assignment, or by achievement .e.g.-: membership in family or religious group in through assignment. Child can not choose the family but he is born in a family. Membership in a club , political party, industrial organization is by achievement . A person can choose to be a member of Cricket Club of India , or he may take a job in Reliance Industry

Characteristics of Social Group

a) Interaction among Group members :-This means that at its most basic level ,group must permit some form of interaction among members .Interaction need not be Physical, face-to-face interaction ,however ,verbal or written interaction may suffice.

b) Cohesiveness:-The extent to which a group is found attractive by its members is termed its cohesiveness.

c) Morale:-Group morale is members confidence that their joint efforts will make some positive contribution toward a goal.

d) Fate Interdependence:-This means that events that affect one group member affect other members, and can affect the ability of the group to meet goals for which it had been formed.

e) Identification:-Members tend to identify with the group when the group becomes highly cohesive. Identification means psychological attachment with the group

f) Structure of the Group:-Groups differ in many ways like size of the group ,roles of members and communication pattern within the group

Types Of Groups

Social Facilitation

The social facilitation effect refers to the tendency for performance to improve or decline in response to the presence of others.

Research on social facilitation has found that:– Performance of simple, routine tasks tends to be speeded up and more accurate by the

presence of others.– However , when the work is complex and requires close attention ,the presence of others

has a negative effect on performance. Some of the prominent explanations are:

(1) Drive theory. (2) Evaluation apprehension. (3) Distraction-conflict model.

Social Loafing:- is another way in which the presence of others influences individual performance.

Social loafing refers to reductions in motivation and effort when individuals work collectively in a group compared to when they work individually or as independent co-actors

Bibliography

Search Engine:- Google.com Encyclopedia.com Wikipedia.com

Reference Books:- FHS I by Vinay Prabhu Psychology by Sonal Shetna

We are greatful to Ms. Neha for giving us such an insightful project. It was an

enriching experience working as a ‘Group’.

Compiled By:

NAMES ROLL NO. Jhanvi Kothari Dhruv Shah 121 Krittika Nadar Anmol Pankaj Disha