Group 1 : What are the most critical issues facing the health care system in the U.S. today?

Presentation by: Roy Chan, Hannah Kim, Ellen Lee, Zara Mahmud, Frances Mencias, Michelle Montenegro, Tiffany Nguyen, Rochelle Osoteo, Cindy Tudo, Alicia Virgo, and Jeremy Yuen

HEART DISEASEWhat is heart disease?

Heart disease is any condition that impairs the functioning of the heart, it is a broad term that includes

variety of heart conditions.

CORONARY HEART DISEASE• It is the most common type of heart

disease.• CHD occurs when the coronary arteries,

that supply blood to the heart muscle, become hardened and narrowed due to the plaque buildup, reducing the flow of blood and oxygen to the heart.

• CHD can weaken the heart muscle and lead to heart failure.

SOME FACTS ABOUT HEART DISEASE

• In 2002, 696,947 people died of heart disease, this being 29% of the deaths in the U.S

• It is the leading death for both men and women in the U.S.

• On average, it is killing a person every 34 seconds in the U.S alone.

• Worldwide, coronary heart disease kills more than 7 million people each year

American Heart Association• 10 Factors That Increase the Risk of Heart Disease

and Heart Attack:• 1) Tobacco Smoke• 2) High Blood Cholesterol • 3) High Blood Pressure • 4) Physical Inactivity • 5) Obesity and Overweight • 6) Diabetes Mellitus • 7) Stress• 8) Alcohol• 9) Diet and Nutrition • 10) Age

Risk Factors for Tobacco Smoke• Risk Factors:~ High blood cholesterol~ High blood pressure~ Physical inactivity~ Obesity and Diabetes~ Stroke~ Damage the

Cerebrovascular System~ Fatty buildups in arteries

which causes cancer and lung cancer

• Facts:~ In the United States, an

estimated 25.9 million men (23.9 percent) and 20.7 million women (18.1 percent) are smokers

~ Smokers' risk of heart disease is 2–4 times that of nonsmokers.

~ Smoking accounts for nearly 440,000 deaths each year

Risk Factors for Physical Inactivity• Risk Factors:~ Coronary Heart Disease~ High blood cholesterol~ High Blood Pressure~ Obesity and Diabetes~ Cardiovascular Disease~ Stroke

• Facts:~ Adults ages 18-65 should be

getting at least 30 minutes of moderate intensity activity five days of the week - At least 60% of the global population fails to achieve the minimum recommendation

~ Inactivity greatly contributes to medical costs - by an estimated $75 billion in the USA in 2000 alone.

Key ways to help prevent heart Key ways to help prevent heart disease:disease:Don’t smoke or use tobacco products◦ Tobacco smoke contains more than 4,800 chemicals;

many of which can damage your heart and blood vessels

Get active◦ Exercise◦Gardening◦ Taking the stairs

Eat a heart-healthy diet◦ Research shows that fruits, vegetables, whole grains

and low-fat dairy products that can help protect your heart

Key ways to help prevent heart Key ways to help prevent heart disease:disease:Maintain a healthy weight◦ excess weight can lead to conditions that

increase your chances of heartGet regular health screenings◦ Blood Pressure◦ Cholesterol Levels

Stress-free◦ Relax◦ Smile

OBESITYCauses of obesity:• Consuming more calories

than the body needs. – Usually from eating

foods high in fat/ calories.

– Lack of exercise

Causes of obesity • Other causes and

contributing factors:– Environment– Genetics– Hormonal

Disorders– Culture

Different Metabolism

MedicationInducedWeight-gain

Appetite/ cravings

Education = Prevention & Awareness

Facts about Obesity

• One in three people in the United States are obese.

• Obesity leads to several health problems• Has been linked to abnormal heartbeat• Can lead to breathing difficulties • Increases the chances of getting

Alzheimer’s disease

Ways to Prevent Obesity

• Order off the children’s menu• Limit the amount of time watching TV• Consume at least five daily servings of

fresh raw fruits• Have six small nutrient-dense meals a

day. • Changing up your orders at fast food

restaurants

United States Healthcare Costs

• In 2006, United States national healthcare costs reached $2 trillion

• Increase in healthcare expenditure in 2008 is 6.9%

• What do increases in healthcare costs mean to us?

United States Healthcare Spending

U.S. Competitiveness on Healthcare Spending

• 46 million Americans are currently uninsured

• Taiwanese are assessed around ______ dollars a month for full health coverage. In contrast, Americans pay ________ dollars per month

Insurance Companies

• What is health insurance?

• What are the different types of health insurance?

Trends and Statistics of the Uninsured

• What are the pros and cons of healthcare coverage in the United States

• Comparison to other countries’ health insurance plans

The Pharmaceutical Business

• Shareholders

• $8.2 billion

• About 12 years per drug

• Attrition

• 6.6 billion to about 7.6 billion in 2020

Blockbusters

• Blockbusters vs. Orphan Drugs

• Expiring patents

Paths of Destruction

• Cannibalization and expiring patents

• Commercials and Advertising • Drug reps and their relationships

with physicians • Clinical trials

National Healthcare Crisis

• Almost 700,000 people die of heart disease in the U.S. each year

• There are 23.6 million people in the United States, or 8% of the population, who have diabetes.

• Rising obesity rates may indicate that our generation will be the first in 100 years to promote a negative trend in life expectancy

• Cancer accounts for nearly 25% of all death in the United States

The US Government

• National GDP is spent on healthcare costs alone • Nearly 40-50 million people are living without

any form of medical insurance• Availability of medical intervention, the ability to

afford it, and the willingness of more people to access more expensive healthcare these days is becoming a much more difficult

• Government based insurance subsidies Medicare/Medicaid are possibly the ideal model to pursue

Nationalized System

• Proponents of a national system that meet the needs of all societal brackets

• National Health Insurance Dialogue

• Potential Pitfalls

DISCUSSION QUESTION #1

If you smoke but don't inhale, is there any danger?

ANSWER

YES! Wherever smoke touches living cells, it does harm. Even if smokers don't inhale they are

breathing the secondhand smoke and are still at risk for lung cancer. Pipe and cigar smokers, who often don’t inhale, are at an increased risk for lip, mouth, tongue, and some other cancers.

DISCUSSION QUESTION #2

How much physical activity is enough?

ANSWER

30 to 60 minutes, on most days of the week, at 50-80 percent of your maximum capacity.

Studies show that people who have a low fitness level are much more likely to die early than people who have achieved even a moderate

level of fitness.