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Group 1 Ng Wing Yiu, Yoyo (10000577) Chan Wai Po, Ball (10000623) Hui Yi Yuk, Ken (11001542) Ip Kwan Yuen, Issac (09003495) 1 ISEM 3410 Telecommunications and Networking in Business

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Table of Content 2 1. Background of RFID 2. Concepts 3. Advantages and disadvantages of RFID 4. Application of RFID 5. Further Development

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Background of RFID

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1. Background of RFID (1/4) Mirror-Sunlight- Reflection theory Basic concept behind RFID is same as Mirror-Sunlight- Reflection theory Invented in 1948 by Harry Stockman World War II Initial application was during World War II-The United Kingdom used RFID devices to distinguish returning English airplanes from inbound German ones Commercial Operation begun from 1960s

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1. Background of RFID (2/4) 5 Radio-Frequency Identification RFID = Radio-Frequency Identification Briefly the RF stand for radio-frequency and ID means identifier that allows an item to be identified, accessed, stored, reprogrammed and communicated by using radio waves small chip and an antenna The acronym refers to small electronic devices that consist of a small chip and an antenna. The chip typically is capable of carrying 2,000 bytes of data or less.

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6 Manufacturing and Processing Supply chain management Security Controlling access to building Payment systems Location Tracking Retail 1. Background of RFID (3/4)

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RFID advantages over bar-codes 7 No line of sight required for reading Multiple items can be read with a single scan Each tag can carry a lot of data (read/write) Individual items identified and not just the category Passive tags have a virtually unlimited lifetime Active tags can be read from great distances Can be combined with barcode technology 1. Background of RFID (4/4)

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Concept of RFID

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Basic Components of RFID RFID Tags (or Transponders) (or Interrogator)

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RFID Architecture 10 Tags Reader Gateway Database Application User Interface Backend Fig.1. A General Overview of RFID Architecture Scanned 2. Concept of RFID (1/7) Firstly items-tag are scanned by reader; Secondly in backend transmitted data coming through antenna (RF-wave) are being recognized by RFID-based system PC. It acts as a middleware communication gateway among items, reader and system database; Finally it filters out and store data in RFID- databases for checking the data fault and relevant operation.

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Key component - tag 11 1. Chips: Hold information about physical object. 2. Concept of RFID (2/7) 2. Antenna: Transmit radio signal 3. Package: Encases the Chips and Antenna, so that can be attached to the physical object.

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Are All Tags The Same? Three Basic Types: Active Battery powered memory, radio & circuitry Long Read Range (300 feet) Active Backscatter (Semi-active) Reader activates tag, but battery powers memory and circuitry Medium Read Range (10 - 50 feet) Passive Backscatter Reader powered Shorter Read Range (4 inches - 18 feet) 2. Concept of RFID (3/7)

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RFID Tag Operational Frequencies 2. Concept of RFID (4/7) RFID Tag Operational Frequencies Band Frequency LF 30 300 kHz HF 3 30MHz UHF 300MHz 3GHz Microwave 2 30GHz Typical RFID frequencies 125 134kHz13.56MHz865 956MHz2.45GHz Read range

3. Disadvantages of RFID (5/8) 24 1. High cost Hard to implement in low cost products The benefits of RFID > additional cost

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3. Disadvantages of RFID (6/8) 25 2. Materials Problems Problems with some materials Problems with some materials (Metals and liquids ) unreadable reflect the radio waves unreadable

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3. Disadvantages of RFID (7/8) 26 3. Interference problem has been occurred interfere with RFID radio waves The presence of mobile phone towers has been found to interfere with RFID radio waves

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3. Disadvantages of RFID (8/8) 27 4. The risk of using RFID technology Do not need to have direct contact Do not need to have direct contact privacy Consumers are apprehensive about their privacy Others can be tracked the personal information by the RFID reader

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Applications

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4.1 Application of RFID (1/9) Case 1 Autotoll 29 Hong Kong's leading ITS services provider in the transport and logistics industries 10 years of experience in the application and implementation of RFID technologies https://www.autotoll.com.hk

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4.1 Application of RFID (2/9) Target Market Segment 30 Market Segment Transport Industry Logistics IndustryIndustries in Supply Chain Network Target Customers Government Consumer (e.g. Motorist, Private car driver) Logistics CompanyUpper stream: Manufacturer Middle stream: 3PL, Distributor Lower stream: Retailer

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4.1 Application of RFID (3/9) Transport Industry 31 Make use of ITS (Intelligent Transport System) Adapt RFID to control the traffic Allow more vehicles flow in Save time for consumers

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4.1 Application of RFID (4/9) Electronic Toll Collection 32 Reduce the time being queued Prevent traffic congestion

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4.1 Application of RFID (5/9) Logistics Industry 33 Make use of LMS (Logistics Management System) Adapt RFID, GPS and GPRS technology Increase efficiency and productivity Lower the operating costs

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4.1 Application of RFID (6/9) Industry in Supply Chain Network 34 Make use of SCM (Supply Chain Management) Reduce the use of paperwork Increase information accuracy Promote customer satisfaction

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4.1 Application of RFID (7/9) RFID Equipment 35 Multi-protocol for agility and flexibility Real-time reading and writing for all EPC-compliant tags Reduce time and maintenance costs

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4.1 Application of RFID (8/9) RFID Equipment 36 Wide Read Field Long range and large area RFID tag reading. High Speed RF Signal Conversion Fast and optional communication of EPC-compliant passive tag data

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4.1 Application of RFID (9/9) RFID Equipment 37 Electronic Product Code (EPC) - Compliance Unique identification Non line-of-sight data capture Easily attached to containers, pullets and boxes

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4.2 Application of RFID (1/7) Case 2 Access Control in Luxury Residential Area 38 Leading RFID hardware manufacturer, distributor and consultancy firm http://www.hk-rfid.com/home/active_case.php

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4.2 Application of RFID (2/7) RFID Control System 39 Implement in residential area, all the control in that area are automated by computer system Secure and Safe No need to remember passwords or bring keys

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4.2 Application of RFID (3/7) RFID Control System 40 Resident card equipped with RFID tags RFID readers and antennas are installed at entrances or any facilities in the residential area One active RFID tag access all controlled areas

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4.2 Application of RFID (4/7) Lobby 41 Readers and antennas are installed at the entrance. Entry and exit history is recorded Doors will open automatically

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4.2 Application of RFID (5/7) Mailbox 42 Mailbox will open automatically No longer need to carry keys to unlock

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4.2 Application of RFID (6/7) Lift 43 Antennas and readers are installed in the lift lobby Only lift buttons of floor where residents live in can be pressed by residents Improve security

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4.2 Application of RFID (7/7) Benefit using RFID in House 44 Enhanced security through limiting access to authorized residents only Improved customer satisfaction Accurate in-out records of residents

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Further Development

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5 Further Development (1/7) The Trend of RFID Global Standards of RFID - Reduce supply chain complexity - Promote RFID adoption For Interested parties Learn the procedures and steps Increase their competitive

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5 Further Development (2/7) The Trend of RFID Steps of Implement RFID 1) Planning and Evaluating the current situation 2) Understanding company position 3) Pilot test 4) Ensuring RFID providers responses 5) Communicating with supply chain partners

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5 Further Development (3/7) In-depth uses of RFID 1) Transportation payment 2) Animal and Human identification

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5 Further Development (4/7) In-depth uses of RFID 3) Sports 4) School and Universities

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5 Further Development (5/7) In-depth uses of RFID 5) Entertainment E.g. Disneyland - MagicBand

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5 Further Development (6/7) Challenges 1) Lack of Global Standard for adoption 2) Security and Privacy Problem

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5 Further Development (7/7) Challenges 3) Data Management 4) Hardware and Software Selection 5) Cost

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References Part 1 & Part 2 1. http://bibhutipattanaik.blogspot.hk/search?q=Mirror-Sunlight-Reflection+theory http://bibhutipattanaik.blogspot.hk/search?q=Mirror-Sunlight-Reflection+theory 2. http://www.discoverrfid.org/how-it-works/history/development-of-rfid.html http://www.discoverrfid.org/how-it-works/history/development-of-rfid.html 3. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octopus_card http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octopus_card 4. http://www.technovelgy.com/ct/technology-article.asp?artnum=60 http://www.technovelgy.com/ct/technology-article.asp?artnum=60 5. http://www.technovelgy.com/ct/technology-article.asp?artnum=2 http://www.technovelgy.com/ct/technology-article.asp?artnum=2 6. http://www.datamars.com/default.aspx?menuitemid=258&menusubid=14&Aspx AutoDetectCookieSupport=1 http://www.datamars.com/default.aspx?menuitemid=258&menusubid=14&Aspx AutoDetectCookieSupport=1 7. http://www.rfidaa.org/upload/documents/PDF/RFID%20explained.pdf http://www.rfidaa.org/upload/documents/PDF/RFID%20explained.pdf Part 3 1. http://www.activewaveinc.com/technology_rfid_advantage.php http://www.activewaveinc.com/technology_rfid_advantage.php 2. http://www.inlogic.com/rfid/rfid_vs_barcode.aspx http://www.inlogic.com/rfid/rfid_vs_barcode.aspx 3. http://www.albaspectrum.com/news/000003610.html http://www.albaspectrum.com/news/000003610.html 4. http://www.ehow.com/list_6783799_problems-rfid.html http://www.ehow.com/list_6783799_problems-rfid.html

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References Part 4 1. http://americanrfidsolutions.com/members/download/10th%20M AY%20RFID_SUMMIT_PDF/autotoll/Autotoll_RFID_v1.pdf http://americanrfidsolutions.com/members/download/10th%20M AY%20RFID_SUMMIT_PDF/autotoll/Autotoll_RFID_v1.pdf 2. http://www.autotoll.com.hk/radiofrequencyidentification.php?lang =e http://www.autotoll.com.hk/radiofrequencyidentification.php?lang =e 3. http://www.hk-rfid.com/home/active_case.php http://www.hk-rfid.com/home/active_case.php Part 5 1. http://search.proquest.com/docview/222716691/13D4D845FA04 67BE4C2/48?accountid=11440 http://search.proquest.com/docview/222716691/13D4D845FA04 67BE4C2/48?accountid=11440 2. http://search.proquest.com/docview/445772056/13D4D845FA04 67BE4C2/14?accountid=11440 http://search.proquest.com/docview/445772056/13D4D845FA04 67BE4C2/14?accountid=11440 3. http://pixievacations.com/2013/01/mymagic-disney-world-2013/ http://pixievacations.com/2013/01/mymagic-disney-world-2013/

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