grounding the european public sphere. looking beyond the mass media to digitally mediated issue...

7/27/2019 Grounding the European Public Sphere. Looking Beyond the Mass Media to Digitally Mediated Issue Publics

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Grounding the European Public SphereL By M M DyM I P

L B

N. 43 | A 2012

WORKING PAPER


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2 | KFGWorking Paper No. 43 | August 2012

KFG Working Paper Series

Edited by the Kolleg-Forschergruppe T Tfmv Pw f E

T KFG W P S v m f K-F y m

m v . I m m x w

x x E E U.

A KFG W P v KFG w www.fm. v

m fm-@f-..

Cy f : L B

E : C B Dm M

B, L 2012: G E P S. L By M M Dy M

I P, KFG W P S, N. 43, A 2012, K-F (KFG) T Tfmv Pw fE F Uv B.

ISSN 1868-6834 (P)

ISSN 1868-7601 (I)

T f y Gm R F (DFG).

F Uv B

K-F

T Tfmv Pw f E:

T E U D f I

I. 26

14195 B

Gmy

P: +49 (0)30- 838 57033

Fx: +49 (0)30- 838 57096

fm-@f-.

www.fm.


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Grounding the European Public Sphere | 3

Grounding the European Public Sphere

Looking Beyond the Mass Media to Digitally Mediated Issue

Publics

L B

Abstract

T f m m, w

v v . Y w m E , m m

m, m, v wy: vy fw EU-w

m f EU , m my y (w

vy fw v y v w), m EU

y fw (my, , , ), y .

A m m, my m m j, vm y,

vm m y, m , my v, m ,

m vy y w f v y w EU .

T w z I v v m z , -

v , m y v y w w,

y w vv y , w EU v. T

m f EU v vy fm v, w

x, m v, f mw

m m m. T y m w, y m w

m m m, wy w w y f mmy,

w w w my f z v y -

m w m m f .

L B v P.D. fm Y Uvy

1974, Uvy f W, w

R C. Lw Pf Cmm Pf f P

S. H f f C f Cmm

Cv Em. T C w mm-

z m w

f, , .

: @w.


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Contents

1. I 5

2. Tz I P N T Cx 6

2.1 Who Are the Organizers of Issue Publics in Europe? 7

2.2 Rethinking the Nature of Mediated Public Spheres 8

3. Ayz Nw I P N EU 10

4. R D 13

5. M 15

6. T C f EU F T Avy Nw 16

6.1 Determining Whether There is A Cross-naonal EU FT Network 17 6.2 Public Engagement in the EU Networkt 187. T C f N Lv FT Nw UK 21

7.1 Issue Framing in the UK Network 23

7.2 Does the UK FT Network Refer to the EU? 23

7.3 Evidence of Opportunies for Direct Cizen Engagement 24

8. T C f Gmy 26

8.1 Issue Framing 278.2 EU References 29

8.3 Cizen Engagement 31

9. D EU R T Bm-U Cmm? 31

10. C: Tw D NGO S 31

L 33


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1. I1

M f w Ez f y f m

m ym. T m f m m m , m my y m m y

B . T y , Pf H (2011) f

m, my m y m,

fm vm f E . T y m w m

m v f :

vv m m (I E f mmy

fm?);

m (I m v?);

vv m (I ?).

T y v v fmz y Hm (2006) my y -

y vm f E v m (.., Km/Sm 2010),

w m f E y f (.., R

2010).

W m fm f -v E w fw (..,

, my y, vy) v (.., f xm ) my -

m m fm m m. Hwv, v mw m m

, m m vwmy y w mm y v

w y vy E . Mv, m m

vy v fm v y w my

m w m w. A Km v, m

xmy w f v y (Km 2010: 120).

Cz f m m f f m

m z-v . I, Sm (2010: 295-296)

fm v- y vybecomes f m w my m mv. My my v v

Hm (2006) f m E y

v f m m . F xm, Tw f

E my y f mvm, , -

m w m f vm , ,

1 T w w y f KFG T Tfmv

Pw f E. T f m f w vm, m-

w v f vm v w . T

f H K w m vm f w. I , m f

f j w S L, Uvy f W, Ax S f

Sm Uvy. T f j f jy w .


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w (Tw 2001: 250). R z m E y m-

f y , m f wy w -

z E Ez f . H EU

m ymy x w fm EU vm y fm mf E

(R 2010: 250).

Gv m, w ( B . 2011; B/S fm) m-

m m v y f m w y my m y

z v y . I , w x f vy

w my v y

y v ;

w vm v v;

.

S w x m f y vm, v-

m y, m , w , mm z, f

fy m f m, m . P vy w my x

my v v y , w

v m m , m

f m m y . T m f m y m

w w y y . S

fm m m m, I m w

, f mm z vy

w.

2. Tz I P N T Cx

O f f z E m f y.My f single , m-

mv w v f vy f qy m f Ez

m m (G 1993, 2000). Uy f E m m-

. M q v x m E m

m v f E x. Hwv,

y ( v) m m m v v w.

I vw, mz y f E v y f m m

z f my f mm f

. F m v v Ny F q f Hm

. F (1992) z f m


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q f y f (1992: 128)

m m f m x v-

z y .

T f vy f , w z E

f m w mm m f

m . By , mm m , w, fm,

f--f m. Ty m m

F Tw. Ty v y v Y

F NGO w. Ty mv , mm

mm , mm fm y.

I . Ty m f f

y fm E w v. I

z mm w m, y m m m

fm (F . 2002: 10) ym. Ty m z m m y, m

fm w fm , fm z f v

m v . I m m m

, mm m mv w m fqy y.

2.1 Who Are the Organizers of Issue Publics in Europe?

O f zz f Ez j: W , f

wm y ? P, y m m m f

x, f m f m Ez f . T

f m f m v EU v w

mw EU m w

f f (K . 2010: 225).

I m Ez y f (K . 2010: 225).B f v fy E m z

B y f . Y, fm v, q-

w v y .

T v w , w (fw w f L 2009), y

E : vm Ez w. NGO v -

mv v, y v m .

Mv, y w w w vvm f

m, , v. I , NGO w v v

v fm EU v:


8/35


T EU y v- m f NGO .

T, z v v mz y f NGO.

W O M f C w f y m fm w,

w f EU w NGO . NGO m f w v y (L 2007; W 2003; C 1999) , y,

NGO v m B- - f E .

NGO w z w f w- mz -

z f v mm w m .

W vm y m, z v mm-

w y vy xv.

I m, NGO w m m ( m) m m

mm E y f w v , w

f z m w v mm. R y

m, w m NGO ( S Mvm Oz (SMO), w

v fm m NGO) my y f f

Ez . T q NGO w w w

y y , w y v f f

v m m w ( L 2009),

my B? A m w w z

w y my mm . T

v w mm

w v m .

2.2 Rethinking the Nature of Mediated Public Spheres

A v, f m m m v vw wy f

mm f m w EU. T fw x

y y Km Zmmm (2010) I y y. Hwv, y -

w my f v fm , w mf y y G Sf (2009). T f m

w vy fv f w z w ,

vy , w v my f v

, my m m f .

Km Zmmm m v w f - -

v y f m m m v E

Km/Sm (2010).2 Ty yz y ( j v

2 A y Km Zmmm, w: my ;

BSE w; mm ; ym -

; m; q ;

EU fm EU m.


9/35


f ). N y, y f fy 46 f w m m.

Ev , y f 26 f vm y

, fy 16 NGO . D m f NGO fm f

f , y m w y . N x v f . Mv, y f m fm NGO f

m f I m y m m m. D

w , y my m w. Gv m

f y yz (f v v ), w f

NGO m v v m . Sm w fw y G

Sf (2009) w fm mw w f 30 fm US

Gm f m m . A, w m y

m m mm m. F

m q f R (2004), w yz wy

y fv f f f , m

m m w z fm w m y

m my y w fm .

T , Km Zmmm (2010) fm vv w

f v m m m : , mm-

, E . Hwv, m y v w w

y m m z y f f

z f : w m, vm-y, -m -

z, NGO-SMO, y f m z w

EU z.3 T w m f 1,078 z

v EU z. T z w w

xm f , w m 380,000. W y

y fw f , y y m y y

fm z f m m z

v , m m 18,000 . Ev

y m y 95 f , f z

NGO SMO . Ty f v

m v 17 fm , w y vm v v- f 24 , m 17, NGO SMO v v f (Km/Zmmm

2010). D NGO SMO v y m m f m

(10.5), w NGO w y m fm f

w f. T f jm . Gv v m f my,

NGO , w m m f

m f mvm vy w m y m y f

I v .

3 I w y w y m w z w m m, y

f NGO SMO ( f , vm, m

y fy w).


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By q w NGO f my f f, y y

m m w w mw y f fm f,

f fm --w w m z v

f v m w. T y v f m f z y m m z

y vy w f z w

fm m f f w y y

w m (--w) m

360,000 w y m.

T v w I EU v fy m

w w w y f v fm . T

I my w v z fm-

m w y m f m

m v, , w z,

, x , z . Ev xm m y

f w w fm w wy w y m

m .

I , m f I f y

z fm w m z-

. T w w x w m z-

z, m vy f fm

v zy w , vy w w v

v f vm. T f y I mv

y M E, S, G, U.S. xm-

. T f w y m f m y

mm mm m m (Gv 1973; B 2002; B 2003;

B 2006; Bm . 2005). T q, f , w w

m v EU .

3. Az Nw I P N EU

A , I v w v y

w m - m y EU. Ev f (f-

w L 2009, 2013) NGO m m f y, my B y

m w , my m- NGO mvm w

x m ,

m m fm,

EU w v y m.


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A q ( I xm y my f ) w EU

v m f z . If

w x f m vy w

y y mm f m mmy fm mm w w EU, v m f NGO .

I v. T - my

EU v NGO v m

f y B. O my

NGO y EU v, f m

m v f m f (B . 2011). T

v q, m m xvy v f

m, v f y EU v m ym. I my f

m m NGO- m EU v my my

w EU my .

O v : I x w vy v y w fy

w vy fm , w w, -

. Hwv, I w y m f w

(.., vyy f ) m m

y f y m f m v

y vy. I , vv R (2004) m-

m w m z my v f y

z mvy v y m . A y my

v f m fm m y .

A I w v q f : w my

v y m fm w?4 U m m

z, w m m y. D

: w vm w, z fqy f m

m w z, m f qy fm w

f v w, m fm

- m mm, f v fm, j m fw f m f z. I f,

y w y m . T v wy -

m, fm mm f NGO, w m m

y. M my, w v y -

wy fm fm mm, NGO w f j w z

m- w v m, fm

w w w, my f w w y

mm m (B/S fm).

4 I m f f w J Dz M .


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I y, I w y -

v m m m f y m w

w fm v m m w w

f m m f fm mm w m m f y . I m m w my m m y

, mj f y v EU m

w fm y . W my , m m m m,

w x f fw (my y, , , )

w f y.

T, I m m f w ( fm v

y ). I , wv, :

w m mm f x,

w mm w,

w EU w,

w mm f , , m- mm

.

O w vy w m

w f NGO v y w f vm, ,

m , y, , vm y, m my

(B 2003; B . 2011, 2011; B/S fm). Oz w

w mm w vm,

mz z . My f w v v v

m m, m y x y m (

, my m y - w w m

y y f v ).

T m m mm v m ,

w my mm : w (z y

w f z y v --- ); m ; fm f; ; fm; v ; w v ;

(Tw f, F w, Y ); mm

m v z vm v. T m

v (w my wy z) m

v m m f m fm,

, z , z m m f -

z. T w v mm

y fm v v fm .


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4. R D

R, mm, m z w

f w w ICw,5

w m - v w mm m (.., m )

w f vy (.., m f f -). T w

yz f : f mm z ( m

w); z f w z; ( w -

z w w); m f w

; y v m; my

mz f w. I , y my f

m f w f y f f fm (..,

j), f f v j w (.., E U). T

- m f fm

w w v m f vm f .6 T y f

fm . Mv, m f m- -

w.

I fy yz m v w z v

f w w f m m. Sv v . F,

I x w w fy w

v w w vy y . I x ( my m)

w m fm, y, f m

w m mm () vm y,

vm, y, mv NGO w fm.

Fy, m m m NGO w

, w L (2009, 2013) NGO xy . T f NGO w

m y f w w v fm EU v y m

z, w f f EU m z

f NGO mm y vy y . T w m

my EU v v y. A m m,

v w m v v, mm y w (B 2011).

W f w ? S NGO

v y B I x EU v y m m m

w m w my v m- mm

mz y.

5 S: ://www.w./, Amm Uvy v y R R.

6 I m R R f m v m v f w .


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Gv f y, f v w m m f w

:

A m- w f NGO m w m f f , m y m m m

x v . T v vy w w f

NAN.

NGO w m fm -w v y EU v y w

m w EU y vm, wm, y ,

vm , m , m v . T f vy -

w EU z w f EUAN.

T w w xm m x w y:

v z w fm m EU ;

y , z w;

m fm f f ;

EU mm y v;

z mm w EU . 7

I , y w f wy w w my (..,

, vm, vm) m z -

y .8 T y w f v f w vy w

EU y w m v y, v (..,

), m m EU w v. W -

v w y m w y, y m m

v m w mw my y v z .

7 T wy w z my w z mm -

m : fm (w) f y v; v -- fm f m-

m x m ; f x f m EU

; mz f x m w; w f

.., m f f w; ,

E, w fm .

8 F xm, y y B S (2009) f G20 L M

Sm 2009 my v f fm m , vm, vm-

vy w. T y m w x jm fm

f , y f f y .


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5. M

T m f f j vv v f vy v w f

, w ( , ) m vz. T f w v m vv v

z, , y, f mm mm fm m mm.

T v wy w w w . F xm, m

w my v fm y w. T w m

vy w m - m y Km Zmmm

v. I w m .

H y m w w y 380,000 fm

, y w y v m w f . A

m m ( z) w y w y . T

m mw m m m m .

Hwv, f w fm w m y fw -

my vw m m f . F

xm, m vv m f x f vy w

- - m w w m w y f y v fm

m f f w. A w f xv my q x

mm m w mm. Hwv, w m xy

f q f v w w. A f q

w z m w f m m

w. If f w x y , w

j f f v , . T m f

w m R (2004)

f ICw.9

T f y m m . I my v w m-

v f w, f xm, m v m.

G f US f UK v f NGO, f

, m fm w w v m f w y v. Hwv, f f ym - m (

v y m ), m m

w fm f z w v

f f y F T L Oz,

I (FLO), f z.10 M

f w y w.

9 F m : ://www.vm./_.m.

10 F m fm FLO : ://www.f./.


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6. T C f EU F T Av Nw

F (FT) mv m ym w f f

y v v vm f mm m f ,, f. N y, ym w v f m

m y m W T Oz (WTO), my

EU. A , f mvm m -

v m ym y m , w

m .11

A , f ym vv y m (y

m v ) w y f f -

. N v y FLO .12 I

, v f z v m ym w

vy mx f m fm m w m, vy

vm (W 2007). T fw x-

fm FLO w:

Fairtrades vision is a world in which all producers can enjoy secure and sustainable livelihoods, fulll

their potenal and decide on their future.

We believe that trade can be a fundamental driver of poverty reducon and greater sustainable de-

velopment, but only if it is managed for that purpose, with greater equity and transparency than is

currently the norm [].

Our mission is to connect consumers and producers via a label which promotes fairer trading condions,

through which producers who are disadvantaged by convenonal trade can combat poverty, strengthen

their posion and take more control over their lives. (Internaonal Fair Trade Labeling Organizaon

2009)13

One of FLOs tasks is to make the case for trade jusce in debates on trade and development. We do this

in partnership with other internaonal Fair Trade organizaons, such as WFTO, NEWS and EFTA.

Together we run the Fairtrade Advocacy Oce in Brussels. This oce co-ordinates the advocacy ac -

vies of the internaonal Fair Trade movement in Europe and worldwide. (Internaonal Fair Trade

Labeling Organizaon 2009)14

T q : D v FLO w m

L (2009, 2013) m xy w mz f m y

11 F m f w m mvm f FT

y f w, B . 2011.

12 T m m f ym f FLO , FLO -

w f m f q.

13 ://www.f./_v.m, 10 Nvm 2009.

14 ://www.f./w_w_.m, 10 Nvm 2009.


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vy ( EU v), m

m w:

mm fm;f EU y ;

f m fm f vy?

T y w EU w m fm fm

FLO , w w EU ( w w xm w f-

f w f v).

6.1 Determining Whether There is A Cross-naonal EU FT Network

S q w FT w v EU ,15 I w

w w FLO f z F, Sw, Nwy, S, Gmy,

Iy, Bm, T N, A, F, Dm, w f vy

y FLO: E F T A W F T A (

w f w m z-

y v w FLO).16 I

f w EU , m,

I m f w ( w w w

fm , v - fm

f ). I m

f w (.., f m

m , , , , f w), I w v

f (w m v). T

EU w w F 1.

W m fm F 1 f w m f E w

fy - . T m v m f v f E f w m f EU vy z j FLO ym

f. T y my m w x y w (y -

m , y w z

vm ). A y my w

15 Ty mm z f y m

ym EU .

16 T w: ://www.f.; ://www.f-m.; ://www.f.;

://www.f.; ://www.f..; ://www.f.; ://www.mxv./

; ://www.mxv.; ://www.mxv.; ://www.mxvf.; ://

www.vm.; ://www..; ://www.mj./; ://www.f.

; ://www.w.m.


18/35


fm w w, : , f

w m, m v w,

m , . I , m F 1 m

w. I f f m v q f w x . Fm , w E f w:

m f EU (w y f

m );17

m f m W F T Oz,

E F T A, FLO (f. f w);

vy f v vm, w UK w m y -

w w f m (, m f m f

w y x m).

6.2 Public Engagement in the EU Network

W m mmy w f mx

f NGO my f y z,

w f z m v

w . Sq y w NGO y mm fm

EU m vm m v vy m y y w

w m (B . 2011). Ty y f y z-

v vy mm mz

. T x z (my f z f

) v m f vm NGO

f wy w f j -

m. T, w v w (NAN), m m

mm w v m v wy (B . 2011).

17 T Gmy, w z www.f. m

www.f..


19/35


Figure 1: EU Fair Trade Network Core Organizaons

Nodes sizes reect relave numbers of in- and outlinks per site. Crawl reach set to two iteraons (two

outlinks from starng points) based on outlinks found three pages deep in the sites. Organizaon

domains are indicated by colors in legend.

A v, m : f ,

- . A f , w

f I j f w: f w ( y v WFTO

f m). W v f w f v 700 f

w (FTT), w E w F 2. T w j

fm v f z m fm m Gm

w C. T w f m


20/35


L. T f m z FTT18 y vv f

m, , x . I

EU v m f f v vy f v j m, ,

. F 2 v m f w E, v 400 UK, UK f y v.

Figure 2: Locaons of Fair Trade Towns in Europe in 2009

Source: Internaonal Fair Trade Towns (hp://www.fairtradetowns.org/about/).

T fm vy w vm m UK f -

w FT vv mm w EU mz f z

mm. I v Gmy mv x

f mm fm, z vvm, f EU FT (m

xm E m ).

18 A f f w w, qm f :

L F, v F (f xm,1.

m, );

f F v y ( vy fm y y);2.

S, w, f w mmy F F3.

wv ;

M v v w f F mmy;4.

A F fm - 5.

v m v y ( ://www.fw.//-v-/).


21/35


7. T C f N Lv FT Nw UK

Fw f v w f w (B

. 2011), y w f UK w w 14 f mm- w f UK f z y FLO, F

F (www.f..).19 T w w 2006. I v fw w v

y, f q , v m z mm

w 2009, 2010, 2011. T v f w w v

f v , w m -

q. T y w m w m y f m

y m fm EU f.

S w v w, w w y

fm ; qy my -

z w. Ev m w , m z-

m ( y w w wy

m , y vy w). I f m

w y m w fw j w ( v

f FT w, , z w x

m y f fm y v z my

w EU v z). T w w F 3 w my

vy q f ( y) ( -

). T z m f m vm z-

m : Oxfm; CAFOD (v vm y f C C UK);

P P; M Pvy Hy Cm; T T J Mvm, f ,

F F, UK f z y FLO.

19 T UK w: ://./;

://www.../x.?=m_f&Im=1 ;

://www.f../_f/;

://www.-../m/x.m;

://www.f../_.m;

://www.mf..//.;

://www...//x.m;

://www.xfm../w_w_/f/_.m?m=;

://www.f../_/f_;

://www.-.m/.m;

://www.../m2.?ID=1652&fmID=1275;

://www...//_x.m;

://www.wm..///x.m;

://www.wm-../mm/x.m.


22/35


Figure 3: UK Fair Trade Network Core Organizaons

Nodes sized by relave numbers of in- and outlinks per site. Crawl set to one iteraon (one outlink

from starng points), based on links found two pages deep in the sites. Organizaons and other URL

designaons indicated by colors in legend.

I j, w (B . 2011) 47 z w f-

m xvy FT UK, m fm

(-UK) w w y m f FT m (y z,

, w, f w). T fw

y m fm UK FT w.20 I q y, w v 30

m mm , v , w Tw, ,

z w. T v w y m mv y

f m, m w NGO w fm EU v y

20 S B . 2011 f f m m y f .


23/35


m ( B . 2011). Sq vm j v-

f y m m mm fm fm w-

, v , z , m vvm,

v mm (B . 2011; 2011).

7.1 Issue Framing in the UK Network

T m f DNA f w. I y vy f vy ,

m , z vv m

y v. M y, G f UK 2,240,000 ( f

w, I v xm f !) m f mj z UK FT w

100 (10 Nvm 2009). I, f m z

f w (.., Gm ) E fm f

z fm F H ( w m x ).

I fmy f fm UK w mz f

T J, M Pvy Hy, E Pvy Nw.21 T - m

UK j f w w vm f z j y v m

v v f vm. T m y f w

xy j m NGO . I, my f m y

vv F T, E Pvy Nw, T J, M Pvy Hy m f

vm z v fm f P P F22

G20 m f mv v f y v v

. T m v m vy m fm

x f vm (B/S 2009).

7.2 Does the UK FT Network Refer to the EU?

A m y f w f UK FT w z y

w . O f FT w 32

f v z my EU FT ( w)

mm vw y EU . H m f

m f EU mm w UK FT w:

21 F f fm m : ://www.jm../, ://www.mvyy./ ://www.vyw...

22 F f fm : ://www.../.


24/35


f m w (T F F, w

FLO- z) f fy 140 E U f

v m m FT EU y ;

M Pvy Hy m 29 EU y v; T J Cm mvm v f y (2006-2009)

f EU v, xm w f z mz.

7.3 Evidence of Opportunies for Direct Cizen Engagement

T my UK FT w my f z m,

f z mz m mm w EU.

F xm, y f 47 UK FT , w f f z

f m w f m vy (36

f ) EU (32 f ). T m z -

m vv Mm f E Pm (MEP), Cmm,

v P f E C, w m f y w Gm C

A M.23

A v m f f z vvm UK FT w, w f

fy 40 f m m m f z mm w

vm m , fm, , v ,

mm f (B . 2011).24 F 4 mm y

fm T J Mvm (TJM) m 2006, F 5 z m-

m y fm m 2009. M f FT w

f TJM m m .

23 By m, mv y f US FT w w y f zmm w vm y v.

24 By m, j 25 f US w m f.


25/35


Figure 4: Trade Jusce Movement Campaign 2006 Email Angela Merkel EU President

Source: TJM website, hp://www.tjm.org.uk/, November 2006.


26/35


Figure 5: Example of direct cizen engagement opportunies with the EU from the 2009 Trade Jusce

Movement campaign enabling cizens to contact the EU Trade Commissioner and MEPs

Source: Source: TJM website hp://www.tjm.org.uk/, November 2009.

8. The Case of Germany

Fw m UK w, I w f GmFT w. T w mm fm f., Gm z

y FLO.25 A w UK w, I m fm . Hwv,

w y Gm w w UK (,

), I j w Gm f

.26

25 TF y 36 mm z fm f vm, , w, -

m, v, vm. ://www.f./-//m.

m (8 Nvm 2009).

26 I m w x m ( w f ). T w qy y Gm z EU, WTO, IMF,

v UN , m z. T Gm w

mj z.


27/35


T w y F 6 , x, m f UK,

wy f z vvm

m z ( GEPA).27 Sm z UK w,

m f vm f NGO.

Figure 6: German Fair Trade Network Core Organizaons

Nodes sized by relave numbers of in and out links per site. Crawl set to one iteraon (one outlink

from starng points), based on links found three pages deep in the sites. Organizaons and other

URL designaons indicated by colors in legend.

8.1 Issue Framing

T f E m f H y mm fm Gm FT

. A G f f H 1,660,000 , w

m f z v w. N y f H

fm UK, vm my m w (v m f

, m m w v ).

Mv, m f v w w f

27 F f fm ://www..//.


28/35


f Gmy 1,230,000 , w my E

fm y. F xm m v z GEPA f T

F T Cmy w F 7. I xm, Oxfm M T F

m Gmy 2006 E fm w f v f HM, w F 8.

Figure 7: The Fair Trade Company (and consumer acvist organizaon) GEPA uses the English framing in

its publicity

Source: GEPA Website hp://www.gepa.de/p/index.php/mID/1/lan/de


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Figure 8: Oxfam German Campaign Site Featuring Actress Heike Makatsch and the English Framing of

the Make Trade Fair Campaign

Source: Oxfam Germany Website hp://www.oxfam.de/a_631_aktuell.asp?id=74

A , q f fm m v.

A m m f (78) v f f UK fm j, w

y Gm G m H. T fm

Gm w z vm y w. T

fm f w v.

8.2 EU References

I f EU mm Gm FT w, y

UK. U m y ( ),28 I z

URL fm z Gm FT w F 6 ,

f w f E U. U 100

w m, fq f EU w w F 9.

O f EU f Gm FT :

28 T w m v m f y R R, w fy w f

.


30/35


G f EU f H 41,300 (w v y xm-

w v );

m y f f 100 G f f H

fq f w f m E U, EU, EU w F 10 ( w m f 100 ,

f f 300 mxmm f).

Figure 9: Number of pages per site in the German FT Network Containing References to the Europische

Union.

F 10: R f Am C Ay f T 100 R G S f F

H .


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8.3 Cizen Engagement

T y . Pmy w f f m -

my , mvm z (.., A), m v z y w mm GEPA. F xm, GEPA m 6,000 m -

( F 7). A G f GEPA A 21,000 , w

xm. A q m vm - m

vy f vy w, m y

f fm mm. T my f Gmy UK

NAN f m m f z EUAN. T x

Gm vm vy w ( w ), w m

B fm y w m f NGO

Gm EU v vm w. I y , w

f G y, w mv fz f vm mv-

m wy fm m w y vy, v mm

my m f m (B . 2011).

9. D EU R T Bm-U Cmm?

A my v m f m, , f, -

, w MEP v D-G f EU Cmm v -

z m f f m . F xm,

EU 29 f f v 12,000 m. T m m

my f y w f

z EUAN w w F 1. S mmz v,

m m x w y.

10. C: Tw D NGO S

T vy v f EU NGO vy w z vy

y f . O mvy m-, y f w. I -

w f vm, f, vm, -

m , . T NGO y f m -w

w f fm B f (.., S) m v y f-

, y y m z m,

f y L (2009, 2013). T w v L m xy

m qfy T m y x f y v, w

29 ://..


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y f m. T y m -v

y my f , mmz y Km

Sm (2010) , f, m . A v x q

w vy EU w mz , w w m y m.

I my y fw , m :

wy yz I (y ) f q f

z w;

v m mx f NGO v y y vy w y

w z y m m (.., y

w, - y B, j y);

f w y w f f

z vvm v, y m v vm v;

fy w f fm w

vy (fm z vm, z-

vm) zy - w y mm

fm f z . T y f z .., y E

y m y m m ym.

T x w w y , w my -

v EU . A Tw , f EU m my

my f wy w m f

EU :

Democracy, if it evolves at the European level will grow out of the capacity of social movements, public

interest groups, and other non-state actors, to make alliances with combinaons of naonal govern -

ment actors, supranaonal instuons, and with each other in Europes increasingly composite polity.

(Tarrow 2001: 250-251)

B v m vwmy v, m , - Km Sm j (2010),

wy f EU mf wy. A f v

mvm, NGO vy w, w m y

my y v f m w-

vvm. O y m y . T x

mm m zz f m , w m v-

f EU m m . I y vy

y f m m, w w m v f w

fw . T f w fy f

mm y w y w

f wy m f EU f

mm .


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L

Benkler, Jochai2006: T W f Nw: Hw S P Tfm M Fm,Nw Hv: Y Uvy P.

Benne, W. Lance 2003: Cmm G Avm: S V f Nw P-, : Ifm, Cmm & Sy 6/2, 143-168.

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Benne, W. Lance/Segerberg, Alexandra fm: T L f Cv A: D M Pz f C P, Nw Y: Cm Uvy P.

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Buchanan, Mark 2002: Nx: Sm W G S f Nw, Nw Y:N.

Checkel, Jerey T. 1999: Nm, I N Iy Cmy E, : I- S Qy, 43/1, 83-114.

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Fraser, Nancy1992: R P S: A C Cq f A Ex D-my, : C, C (.): Hm P S, Cm: MIT P, 109-142.

Gerhards, Jurgen 1993: W I Sw E , : Z f Sz 22/2, 96-110.

Gerhards, Jrgen 2000: E v m P T E

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Gerhards, Jrgen/Schfer, Mike 2009: I I B P S? Cm O NwM US Gmy, . Nw M & Sy 20/10, 1-18.

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Habermas, Jrgen 2006: Tm f T, Cm: Py P.

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Pfetsch, Barbara/He, Anne 2011: Tz Cmm Fw w E P S,: Kf T Tfmv Pw f E, W E PS: B P B I, 29-30 A, B, Gmy.

Risse, Thomas 2010: A Cmmy f E? T I P S, I NY:C Uvy P.

Rogers, Richard2004: Ifm P W, Cm M: MIT P.

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T K-F - E Am Ex

Iv R

T K-F (KFG) w f mm - y Gm R F 2008. I - f KFG v y m vm

w vv w y w m f j .

T K-F T Tfmv Pw f E E B-B- z w v- . I xm f EU -m f , yz mm f x :

Iy P S

Cm, Cy By

Cmv Rm E Ex R

grounding the european public sphere. looking beyond the mass media to digitally mediated issue...

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