GROUND WATER BROCHURE OF FAIZABAD DISTRICT, U.P.

(A.A.P.: 2008-2009) By

N.K. Srivastava Scientist 'B'

CONTENTS

Chapter Title Page No.

DISTRICT AT A GLANCE

..................3

1.0 INTRODUCTION

..................5

2.0 RAINFALL & CLIMATE

..................5

3.0 GEOMORPHOLOGY

..................6

4.0 GROUND WATER SCENARIO

4.1 Hydrogeology

4.2 Ground Water Resource

4.3 Ground Water Quality

..................7

5.0 GROUND WATER MANAGEMENT STRATEGY

..................16

6.0 AWARENESS & TRAINING ACTIVITY

..................16

7.0 AREAS NOTIFIED BY CGWB/AUTHORITY

..................16

8.0 RECOMMENDATIONS

..................16

PLATES:

I. INDEX MAP, FAIZABAD DISTRICT, U.P.

II. DEPTH TO WATER LEVEL PREMONSOON (MAY 2007), FAIZABAD

DISTRICT, U.P.

2

III. DEPTH TO WATER LEVEL POSTMONSOON (NOV. 2007, FAIZABAD

DISTRICT, U.P.

IV. MAP SHOWING STAGE OF GROUND WATER DEVELOPMENT,

FAIZABAD DISTRICT, U.P.

3

DISTRICT AT A GLANCE

1. GENERAL INFORMATION

i. Geographical Area (Sq. Km.) : 2341

ii. Number of Tehsil / Block : 2/11

iii. Number of Villages / Town : 1247 / 6

iv. Population (as on 2001 census) : 20,89,000

iv. Average Annual Rainfall (mm) : 1035

2. GEOMORPHOLOGY

Major Physiographic Units : Flood Plain, Sand bars, Ravines, Salt Encrustation, Alluvial Plain

Major Drainages : Ghaghra and Gomti

3. LAND USE (Sq. Km.)

a) Forest area : 3038 Ham

b) Net area sown : 134236 Ham

c) Cultivable area : 205199 Ham

4. MAJOR SOIL TYPES : (i) Balua (ii) Doras (iii) Matiyar

5. IRRIGATION BY DIFFERENT SOURCES (Areas and Number of Structure)

Number of Tubewells / Borewells : Govt. Tubewell – 10,101

Private Tubewell – 95,209

Tanks & Ponds : Nil

Canals : 18498 Ham

Other Sources : 162 Ham

Net Irrigated Area : 1,23,970 Ham

Gross Irrigated Area : 2,20,000 Ham

6. NUMBERS OF GROUND WATER MONITORING WELLS OF CGWB (As on 31-3-2007)

No. of Dugwells : 8

No. of Piezometers : 3

7. PREDOMINANT GEOLOGICAL FORMATIONS : Alluvial deposit of Quaternary Age

8. HYDROGEOLOGY

i Major water bearing formation : Alluvium sand and silt

ii Pre-monsoon Depth to water level during 2006 (mbgl) : 2.45 to 7.80

4

iii Post-monsoon Depth to water level during 2006 (mbgl) : 2.08 to 5.51

iv Long term water level trend in 10 years (1997-2006) in m/yr

Premonsoon (+) 0.0625–0.1630

Postmonsoon (-) 0.1901

9. GROUND WATER EXPLORATION BY CGWB

(As on 31-3-2007)

Number of wells drilled (E.W., O.W., PZ)

Type of Structure

No. of Structure

Constructed

Depth Range (mbgl)

Discharge (lpm)

Storativity (S)

Transmissivity (T)

m2 /day Exploratory Well 2 525.00–752.09 34 - 51 3×10-4 to

5.04×10

347 – 523 -4

Piezometer 3 32.00 – 165.00 4 – 5 - -

10. GROUND WATER QUALITY

Presence of E.C. and F more than permissible limit at few locations have been recorded.

TYPE OF GROUND WATER

Ground water is alkaline in nature but within prescribed limit.

11. DYNAMIC GROUND WATER RESOURCES (2006)-

in MCM

Annual Replenishable Ground Water Resources : 120040.03 Ham

Net Annual Ground Water Draft : 73301.55 Ham

Projected Demand for Domestic and Industrial Uses

upto 2025

: 7794.57 Ham

Stage of Ground Water Development : 66.59% Safe

Except One Block (Haringfeenganj) : 90.45% Critical

5

GROUND WATER BROCHURE OF FAIZABAD DISTRICT, U.P.

(A.A.P.: 2008-2009) By

N.K. Srivastava Scientist 'B'

1.0 INTRODUCTION

The shape of the area of Faizabad district is elongated and its district

headquarter is located in the northern part. The river Ghagra forms the northern

boundary of the district and separates it from the districts of Gonda and Basti. It is

bounded in the west by Barabanki, in the south by Sultanpur and in the east by

Ambedkar Nagar districts.

Administratively, the district area is divided into 2 Tehsil and subdivided into

11 Development blocks. The detail are given below:

Tehsil Blocks

1- FAIZABAD (i) Sohanval

(ii) Mosodha

(iii) Pura Bazar

(iv) Maya Bazar

(v) Rudauli

2- BIKAPUR (vi) Amaniganj

(vii) Haringtonganj

(ix) Bikapur

(x) Tarun

(xi) Maurai

2.0 RAINFALL AND CLIMATE

The average annual rainfall is 1034.8 mm. The climate is sub-humid and cold

season starts in November and last till February, the summer season begins in March

6

and continues till the onset of monsoon by middle of June. About 90% rainfall takes

place from June to September During monsoon surplus surface water is available for

deep percolation to ground water.

January is generally the coldest month with the average minimum temperature

of 70C and mean monthly maximum temperature is 22.30C. From March temperature

rises rapidly and May and early June day temperature sometimes reaches 470C. After

onset of monsoon in June, there is appreciable drop in temperature. The mean

monthly maximum temperature is 320C and mean monthly minimum temperature is

16.50

3.0 GEOMORPHOLOGY & SOIL TYPES

C.

Except during the monsoon and early part of monsoon period the air is dry

.The mean monthly morning related humidity is 72% and mean monthly evening

relative humidity 50%.

The winds are generally light except in summer and monsoon when they

strengthen slightly. The mean wind velocity is 3.2 km/hr.

The Potential evapotranspiration is 1660.9 mm.

Faizabad district being part of the flood plain of Ghaghra river, features like

oxbow lakes river cut off, natural depression filled into impounded water are the

common surfacial manifestations. The different geomorphological unit identified in

area by remote sensing are sand bar, flood plain, salt encrustation and ravines.

On the basic of physical characteristics of the soil, The upland can be divided

into

- Balua

- Doras

- Matiyars

Balua tract is sandy region and located all along high banks of river Ghaghra

in the north and of the Gomti river in the south west area. The predominating soil of

the district is brownish sandy loam containing fair percentage of sand.

The Doras plain consist of clay and sand. The Matiyars type of soil consist of

blackish stiff clay.

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4.0 GROUND WATER SCENARIO

4.1 HYDROGEOLOGY:

General Geology:

Faizabad district forms a part of central Ganga plain and is underlain by a

thick pile of alluvium deposits of quarternary age. This alluvium is a pile of

unconsolidated sediments made up of sequence of clay, silt, kankar and different

grades of sand. The sands are of varying grade from very coarse to fine occasionally

becoming gravelly in nature. Sand mixed with gravel and kankar form the principal

aquifers.

Sub-Surface-Geological Configuration:

In order to understand the subsurface aquifer system exploratory borehole data

drilled by C.G.W.B. at four location and data from state irrigation, tubewell

construction division were utilized and following inferences have been made.

(i) On regional scale, a multiple aquifer group extending down to depth of

745mbgl is existing as observed from exploratory well data drilled by

C.G.W.B. The thickness of the aquifer reduces to 60 m and prominent clay

having thickness of 30 to 40m is encountered at bottom. In eastern part,

this aquifer has got many clay lenses. In general the thickness of sandy

layer increase in the western direction. This may be due to existing

drainage system of the river Tons, Which flows in the south eastern

direction through the central part of the district.

(ii) Aquifers systems behave as unconfirmed, semi confirmed to confined

depending upon the presence of clay beds Aquifer material are fine to

medium grained.

(iii) The presence of clay beds of variable thickness are dominantly confirmed

to area close to major drainage system namely Tons. The clay beds may

correspond to periodical back swamp of earlier depositional environment.

Occurrence of Ground Water:

Ground water occurs in pore spaces of the unconsolidated alluvial sediment in

the zone of saturation. Sediment from ground level to up to depth / 15 to 20.0 m.,

8

comprise fine to medium grained sand with thin clay at top. In this zone ground water

occurs under unconfined condition. The depth of dug wells varies from 3.60 mbgl to

12.50 mgl.

DEPTH TO WATER LEVEL:

A perusal of premonsoon water level map for the year 2007, reveal that the

water level varies from 2.45 mbgl at Bakarganj to 7.80 mgl at Bikapur.

Table-1

WATER LEVEL FLUCTUATION (PRE AND POST) FOR THE

SELECTED YEAR 2007

State : Uttar Pradesh

District: Faizabad

Tehsil : Bikapur

Block : Bikapur

Sl. No.

Well Name Pre –Monsoon (mbgl)

Post –Monsoon (mbgl)

Fluctuation (m)

1 Chaure Bazar 7.80 4.00 +3.80

Tehsil : MASODHA

Block : MASODHA

Sl. No.

Well Name Pre –Monsoon (mbgl)

Post –Monsoon (mbgl)

Fluctuation (m)

1 Naokua 4.30 2.20 2.10

2 Sakhupura 3.00 2.08 0.92

Tehsil : MAYA BAZAR

Block : MAYA BAZAR

Sl. No.

Well Name Pre –Monsoon (mbgl)

Post –Monsoon (mbgl)

Fluctuation (m)

1 Bakarganj 2.45 2.52 -0.07

9

Tehsil : MILKIPUR

Block : MILKIPUR

Sl. No.

Well Name Pre –Monsoon (mbgl)

Post –Monsoon (mbgl)

Fluctuation (m)

1 Meethagaon 5.60 5.51 0.09

2 Milkipur 4.85 3.78 1.07

Tehsil : RUDAULI

Block : RUDAULI

Sl. No.

Well Name Pre –Monsoon (mbgl)

Post –Monsoon (mbgl)

Fluctuation (m)

1 Rudauli - 2.79

Shallow water table condition is observed in Amaniganj and Milkipur blocks

in south western part.

SEASONAL FLUCTUATION:

Water table is known to fluctuate in respect to:

(a) Replenishable recharge from rainfall

(b) Seepage from surface water bodies

(c) Inputs to ground water body by applied irrigation.

(d) Losses due to evapotranspiration.

(e) Discharge from ground water abstraction structure.

(f) Ground water movement

Annual seasonal fluctuation of water level has been determined from the

premonsoon (May 2007) and post monsoon (Nov. 2007). The fluctuation varies from

-0.07 m. to +3.50 m. The maximum rise of water level at Chaure Bazar (+3.50 m).

Positive fluctuation rise in water level due to south west monsoon is seen all over the

district comprising flood plain of Ghaghra river.

LONG TERM FLUCTUATION:

Comparative study of water level data recorded during may 1997 and May

2007 shows declining trend have been observed in parts of Bikapur block and

Masodha block where as area falling under Maya Bazar and Milkipur block suggest a

rising trend in water level (Table-2).

10

Table-2 TREND OF WATER LEVEL -ALL

From Year 1998 to Year 2007 State : Uttar Pradesh District: Faizabad

Sl No.

Location Pre monsoon Post Monsoon Annual Data

Points Rise

(m/year) Fall

(m/year) Data

Points Rise

(m/year Fall

(m/year) Data

Points Rise

(m/year Fall

(m/year 1- Faizabad 4 3 12 2- Mayabhikhi (Ixm) 3 4 11 3- Deodhi 4 3 11 4- Naokua 10 0.0625 10 0.1198 38 0.1470 5- Bakarganj 10 0.0844 10 0.0691 39 0.0103 6- Sakhupura 10 0.1083 10 0.1098 49 0.0196 7- Rajepur l 4 4 16 8- Gosaiganj 3 1 8 9- Milkipur 9 0.1010 10 0.1945 48 0.1717 10- Khandasa 0 0 1 11- Manihanpur 4 4 18 12- Meethagaon 10 0.0645 10 0.1901 39 0.1262 13- Bikapur 1 1 0 1 14- Charebazar 10 0.1630 9 0.1699 38 0.2904

11

HYDROGEOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF AQUIFER SYSTEM:

Hydrogeological Characteristics of aquifers were determined by using the

pumping test data of exploratory borehole drilled by CGWB. The details of

parameters are as follows:

Table-3

DETAILS OF EXPLORATORY WELL DRILLED BY C.G.W.B.

Sl. No.

Location Depth of tubewell

(m)

Static water level

(mbgl)

Yield (lpm)

Drawdown (m)

Transmissivity (m2

Storativity (S)

/day)

1- Kumarganj 525.00 6.19 2060 11.89 523.00 3.00×10-4

2- Ranipur 687.0 6.34 2271 25.15 370.66 2.48×10-4

4.2 GROUND WATER RESOURCES:

The evaluation of ground water resource potential of Faizabad district has

been worked out on the norms of suggested by Ground Water Estimation Committee

and shown in the Table-4. A review of the table of ground water balance shows that

availability of ground water in the district is 110071.99 ham. Various factors, which

are involved in ground water recharge such as rainfall seepage from canal, seepage

from applied irrigation, recharge from surface water bodies like pond, lakes and flood

plain have been taken into account. The highest ground water recharge has been

estimated in Rudauli block which is 19454.10 ham where as lowest recharge is

7248.67 ham in Bikapur block. Similarly the ground water draft from different ground

water structure such as dugwell, shallow and deep tubewells of entire district is

73301.55 ham. Maximum ground water draft has been calculated for Rudauli block

which is 11427.89 ham where as minimum ground water draft has been worked out

for Maya Bazar which is 5000.04 ham. The ground water balance for further

exploitation of the district is 33675.20 ham. The maximum groundwater balance is

found in Amaniganj block, which is 8113.91 ham. Where as Bikapur block has a

balance of 311.60 ham which is lowest.

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Table-4 DYNAMIC GROUND WATER RESOURCES OF UTTAR PRADESH AS ON 31.03.2004

Sl. No.

Assessment Units Blocks

Annual Ground Water

Recharge (In ham)

Net Annual Ground Water

Availability (in ham)

Existing Gross

Ground Water Draft For All Uses

(In ham)

Net Ground Water Availability

For Future Irrigation

Development (in ham)

Stage of Ground Water Development

(in %)

Category of Block

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

1 AMANIGANJ 15594.33 14034.90 5687.12 8113.91 40.52 SAFE

2 BIKAPUR 7248.67 6523.81 5851.89 311.60 89.70 SAFE

3 HARINGTEENGANJ 7719.81 6947.83 6284.22 447.02 90.45 CRITICAL

4 MASODHA 10680.81 10146.77 6332.35 3326.96 62.41 SAFE

5 MAWAI 10165.20 9148.68 6686.27 2256.17 73.08 SAFE

6 MAYABAZAR 11033.56 10481.88 5000.04 5244.08 47.70 SAFE

7 MILKIPUR 9626.72 9145.39 7572.87 1300.36 82.81 SAFE

8 PURABAZAR 9378.23 8909.31 5791.60 2894.53 65.01 SAFE

9 RUDAULI 19454.10 17508.69 11427.89 5706.20 65.27 SAFE

10 SOHAWAL 9636.29 8672.67 5210.52 3258.33 60.08 SAFE

11 TARUN 9502.29 8552.06 7456.77 816.05 87.19 SAFE

TOTAL 120040.03 110071.99 73301.55 33675.20 66.59

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All the blocks of Faizabad district are under safe category except

Hasingteenganj block where stage of development has attained 90.45%. The

availability of ground water resource potential for irrigation for entire district remain

33675.20 ham for further ground water development. Block wise maximum resource

of 8113.91 ham is available in Amaniganj block where the level of development is

only 40.52%. The minimum ground water resource is available in Bikapur block

where the level of development is highest i.e. 89.70%.

4.3 GROUND WATER QUALITY

Drinking Water Suitability:

In order to have a clear idea regarding the suitability of Water for domestic

use, the drinking water standards as laid down by I.C.M.R. and I.S.I. along with

ranges of results of water sample of the Faizabad district are tabulated below. From

the table given below its seen that water is generally suitable below its seen that water

is generally suitable for drinking & other domestic uses. Details of constituents

present in ground water in Faizabad district are given in table.

Table-5

SUITABILITY OF GROUND WATER LAID DOWN BY ICMR& ISI

Constituents ICMR IDI (1983) Water Sample Results

Highest desirable

level

Maximum Permissible

limit

Highest desirable

level

Maximum Permissible

limit pH 7-8.5 6.5-9.2 7.0-8.5 6.5-9.2 8.0-8.20

TDS 500 1500 500 Up to 3000 260-610

Total Hardware as CaCO

300

3

600 300 600 150-240

Ca 75 200 75 200 20-36

Mg 50 100 30 100 15-49

SO 200 4 400 150 Up to 400 9.6-24

Cl 200 1000 250 1000 7.1-78

NO 20 3 45 45 1.3-22

F 10 1.5 0.6-1.2 Up to 1.5 0.03-0.61

14

Irrigation Water Quality Rating:

The quality of irrigation water is classified on the basis of following properties:

i- Total Concentration of Salt (T.D.S.)

ii- Sodium absorption ratio (SAR)

iii- Residual Sodium Carbonate (RSC)

iv- Presence of trace elements

v- Total Concentration of salts

The total concentration of salt is reflected on the electrical conductance in

micro mhos/Cm at 250

Nature of Soil

C and accordingly water quality rating is given in Table-6.

However, it must be noted that not only the E.C. of irrigation water and type

of soil determine the suitability of irrigation water, but factors like kankar pan at

shallow depth, effective drainage and sodium percentage also effect the quality rating

of irrigation water. In case of sodium percentage greater than 70, the E.C must be

reduced to half. The sodium percentage in water is well with in the limit hence the

E.C limit given in table below can safely be taken as suitable index for irrigation. It is

concluded that the groundwater in the area is suitable for irrigational use.

Table-6

WATER QUALITY RATING BASED ON ELECTRICAL CONDITION

Upper limit of E.C. for safe use of water for irrigation (micro mhos/cm at 250C)

No. Drainage Limitation Ground water table <1.5mbgl

Semi Tolerant Crops

Tolerant Crops

Semi Tolerant Crops

Tolerant Crops

Deep black Soil /Alluvial Soil : Clay 30%

1500 2000 750 1000

Heavy Textured Soil Clay 20-30%

2000 4000 1000 2000

Medium Textured Soil Clay 10-20%

2000 6000 2000 3000

Light Textured Soil Clay <10%

6000 8000 3000 4000

15

Table-7

DETAILS OF CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS PRESENT IN GROUND WATER IN PARTS OF FAIZABAD DISTRICT, U.P.

Sl. No.

Location Well No.

Type of sample

Date of collectio

n

E.C. micro-

siemens/cm. at 250

pH

C

-------------------------------Concentration in mg/l----------------------- CO HCO3 Cl

3 NO SO3 F 4 Ca Mg TH as

CaCONa

3 K SiO PO2 B 4

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 District : Faizabad

1. Milkipur FZD-28 HP 29.5.05 400 8.1 Nil 268 14 Nd Nd .04 20 36 200 18 4.8 - Nd

2. Masodha FZD-29 HP 29.5.05 340 8.0 Nil 207 14 Nd 14 .39 32 29 200 4.2 2.4 - Nd

3. Tarun FZD-30 HP 27.5.05 450 8.0 Nil 207 43 18 24 .17 32 34 220 25 3.0 - Nd

4. Harrington FZD-31 HP 29.5.05 360 8.0 Nil 262 11 Nd Nd .26 24 35 205 29 3.7 - Nd

5. Rudauli FZD-32 HP 29.5.05 320 8.1 Nil 195 14 Nd 9.6 .61 32 24 180 7.4 2.6 - Nd

6. Amaniganj FZD-33 HP 29.5.05 500 8.2 Nil 281 28 Nd 24 .34 36 36 240 29 2.8 - Nd

7. Mawai FZD-34 HP 29.5.05 260 8.1 Nil 146 7.1 Nd 24 .03 36 15 150 3.4 2.0 - Nd

8. Bikapur FZD-35 HP 27.5.05 360 8.0 Nil 220 14 1.3 9.6 .03 28 24 170 21 3.6 - Nd

9. Majo Bazar FZD-36 HP 28.5.05 610 8.1 Nil 268 78 22 24 Nd 24 49 260 53 4.6 - Nd

16

5.0 GROUND WATER MANAGEMENT STRATEGY

Faizabad district comprises alluvial areas. The cultivators of the area are

having small land holding being poor. The fragmented nature of land holdings

creating an hardship to an individual formers to develop the ground water resources

economically. Following strategy may be taken up to enhance the irrigation for future

development.

(i) Mass awareness programme should be taken up to educate the users regarding

declining trend of water level.

(ii) Marginal farmers may be given financial aids for developing the ground water

abstraction structure.

(iii) Most of the bore wells are fitted with diesel pump set. The pumping costs is

higher to poor farmers. Power availability may be enhanced by taking up

power projects in future.

(iv) The canals main branch / distributaries and minors should be lined to minimise

the seepage in canal command areas. Hence making availability of more water

at the tail end of canals.

6.0 AWARENESS & TRAINING ACTIVITY

Mass awareness programme and water management training programme by

C.G.W.B. has not been taken place in the Faizabad district

7.0 AREAS NOTIFIED BY CGWB/AUTHORITY Faizabad district has not been notified as yet.

8.0 RECOMMENDATIONS

Faizabad district has 33675.20 ham of ground water availability for future

irrigation. To increase the agricultural productivity the main requirement is that the

17

groundwater should be developed in a planned and scientific manner The

recommendation are as follows:

1. The actual utilization of ground water available for irrigation is much less than

potential available .All the blocks except ”HARIGTEENGANJ” falls under

safe category. Multiple cropping pattern should be adopted to utilize the

potential available.

2. Marginal and poor farmers should be given financial help for constructing

ground water abstraction structure with a view to draw water for irrigation.

3. Industrially Faizabad is backward district. Therefore, water based industry

may be promoted for utilizing the resources in a planned manner.

4. High yielding varieties and use of improved technology be adopted to get

maximum production per unit of water.

5. The concept of conjunctive use of surface water and ground water in canal

command area be adopted. Conjunctive use of ground water can be planned as

given below.

(a) Ground water can be used in the Kharif seasons to supplement

irrigation requirement to the necessary extent.

(b) It can be used during Rabi season when rainfall contribution is much

less compared to the irrigation requirement

(c) Ground water can also be used for meeting its requirement of summer

crops.

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