ground motion simulations at rapid response sites in istanbul, turkey mathilde bøttger sørensen 1,...
DESCRIPTION
This study Hybrid method for simulating ground motions due to finite-extent earthquake source in Marmara Sea Pulido and Kubo (2004): Deterministic at low frequencies, semi-stochastic at high frequencies Simulation on irregular grid of Istanbul Earthquake Rapid Response and Early Warning System stationsTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: GROUND MOTION SIMULATIONS AT RAPID RESPONSE SITES IN ISTANBUL, TURKEY Mathilde Bøttger Sørensen 1, Nelson Pulido 2, Anibal Ojeda 3, Kuvvet Atakan 1, Mustafa](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062311/5a4d1afc7f8b9ab0599848e8/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
GROUND MOTION SIMULATIONS AT RAPID RESPONSE SITES IN
ISTANBUL, TURKEY Mathilde Bøttger Sørensen1, Nelson Pulido2,
Anibal Ojeda3, Kuvvet Atakan1, Mustafa Erdik4
1Department of Earth Science, University of Bergen, Norway, 2Earthquake Disaster Mitigation Research Center EDM, NIED, Kobe, Japan, 3INGEOMINAS, Bogota, Colombia, 4Kandilli Observatory and Earthquake Research Institute, Bogazici University, Istanbul, Turkey.
![Page 2: GROUND MOTION SIMULATIONS AT RAPID RESPONSE SITES IN ISTANBUL, TURKEY Mathilde Bøttger Sørensen 1, Nelson Pulido 2, Anibal Ojeda 3, Kuvvet Atakan 1, Mustafa](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062311/5a4d1afc7f8b9ab0599848e8/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Westward migration of earthquakes on the NAF
after Barka et. al. (2002)
![Page 3: GROUND MOTION SIMULATIONS AT RAPID RESPONSE SITES IN ISTANBUL, TURKEY Mathilde Bøttger Sørensen 1, Nelson Pulido 2, Anibal Ojeda 3, Kuvvet Atakan 1, Mustafa](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062311/5a4d1afc7f8b9ab0599848e8/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
This study• Hybrid method for simulating ground motions
due to finite-extent earthquake source in Marmara Sea
• Pulido and Kubo (2004): Deterministic at low frequencies, semi-stochastic at high frequencies
• Simulation on irregular grid of Istanbul Earthquake Rapid Response and Early Warning System stations
![Page 4: GROUND MOTION SIMULATIONS AT RAPID RESPONSE SITES IN ISTANBUL, TURKEY Mathilde Bøttger Sørensen 1, Nelson Pulido 2, Anibal Ojeda 3, Kuvvet Atakan 1, Mustafa](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062311/5a4d1afc7f8b9ab0599848e8/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Istanbul Earthquake Rapid Response and Early
Warning System
![Page 5: GROUND MOTION SIMULATIONS AT RAPID RESPONSE SITES IN ISTANBUL, TURKEY Mathilde Bøttger Sørensen 1, Nelson Pulido 2, Anibal Ojeda 3, Kuvvet Atakan 1, Mustafa](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062311/5a4d1afc7f8b9ab0599848e8/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Rapid Response system• 100 accelerometer stations• When triggered, station produces spectral
acceleration at a number of frequencies, 12 Hz filtered PGA and PGV
• Data sent pr SMS every 20 s• Main data center produces shake, damage
and casualty maps, which are available to the end-users within 5 min
![Page 6: GROUND MOTION SIMULATIONS AT RAPID RESPONSE SITES IN ISTANBUL, TURKEY Mathilde Bøttger Sørensen 1, Nelson Pulido 2, Anibal Ojeda 3, Kuvvet Atakan 1, Mustafa](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062311/5a4d1afc7f8b9ab0599848e8/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Istanbul Earthquake Rapid Response and Early
Warning System
![Page 7: GROUND MOTION SIMULATIONS AT RAPID RESPONSE SITES IN ISTANBUL, TURKEY Mathilde Bøttger Sørensen 1, Nelson Pulido 2, Anibal Ojeda 3, Kuvvet Atakan 1, Mustafa](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062311/5a4d1afc7f8b9ab0599848e8/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Early Warning system• 10 accelerometer stations close to the
Marmara fault • When several stations triggers an
alarm is declared • Alarm level is sent to critical facilities,
which can then shut down before the earthquake strikes
![Page 8: GROUND MOTION SIMULATIONS AT RAPID RESPONSE SITES IN ISTANBUL, TURKEY Mathilde Bøttger Sørensen 1, Nelson Pulido 2, Anibal Ojeda 3, Kuvvet Atakan 1, Mustafa](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062311/5a4d1afc7f8b9ab0599848e8/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Use of simulation results
• Calibration of Rapid Response system parameters
• Calibration of Early Warning system parameters • Realistic scenario input for producing shake,
damage and casualty maps• Comparison to recorded earthquakes
![Page 9: GROUND MOTION SIMULATIONS AT RAPID RESPONSE SITES IN ISTANBUL, TURKEY Mathilde Bøttger Sørensen 1, Nelson Pulido 2, Anibal Ojeda 3, Kuvvet Atakan 1, Mustafa](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062311/5a4d1afc7f8b9ab0599848e8/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Ground motion evaluation from asperity model
![Page 10: GROUND MOTION SIMULATIONS AT RAPID RESPONSE SITES IN ISTANBUL, TURKEY Mathilde Bøttger Sørensen 1, Nelson Pulido 2, Anibal Ojeda 3, Kuvvet Atakan 1, Mustafa](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062311/5a4d1afc7f8b9ab0599848e8/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Ground motion simulation technique
• Low frequency: Deterministic wave propagation from an asperity model in a flat layered velocity structure (Discrete Wave Number Method, Bouchon 1981)
• High Frequency: Semi-Stochastic Simulation based on an asperity model . The model combines the stochastic methodology of Boore (1986) with the empirical Green’s function method of Irikura (1986), and a high frequency radiation pattern model (Pulido et. al 2002).
![Page 11: GROUND MOTION SIMULATIONS AT RAPID RESPONSE SITES IN ISTANBUL, TURKEY Mathilde Bøttger Sørensen 1, Nelson Pulido 2, Anibal Ojeda 3, Kuvvet Atakan 1, Mustafa](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062311/5a4d1afc7f8b9ab0599848e8/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Scenario earthquake
Active tectonic map of the Marmara Sea (Okay et. al 2000)
![Page 12: GROUND MOTION SIMULATIONS AT RAPID RESPONSE SITES IN ISTANBUL, TURKEY Mathilde Bøttger Sørensen 1, Nelson Pulido 2, Anibal Ojeda 3, Kuvvet Atakan 1, Mustafa](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062311/5a4d1afc7f8b9ab0599848e8/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Source parametersTotal seismic moment M0 = 2.0·1020 Nm
Asperity area Sa/S = 0.22
Average stress drop 5 MPa
Asperity stress drop 10 Mpa
Rise time Random, average 3.0 s
Rupture velocity Random between 2.8 – 3.2 km/s
fmax 10 Hz
Q 100 · f1.5
![Page 13: GROUND MOTION SIMULATIONS AT RAPID RESPONSE SITES IN ISTANBUL, TURKEY Mathilde Bøttger Sørensen 1, Nelson Pulido 2, Anibal Ojeda 3, Kuvvet Atakan 1, Mustafa](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062311/5a4d1afc7f8b9ab0599848e8/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Velocity model
![Page 14: GROUND MOTION SIMULATIONS AT RAPID RESPONSE SITES IN ISTANBUL, TURKEY Mathilde Bøttger Sørensen 1, Nelson Pulido 2, Anibal Ojeda 3, Kuvvet Atakan 1, Mustafa](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062311/5a4d1afc7f8b9ab0599848e8/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
PGV results
![Page 15: GROUND MOTION SIMULATIONS AT RAPID RESPONSE SITES IN ISTANBUL, TURKEY Mathilde Bøttger Sørensen 1, Nelson Pulido 2, Anibal Ojeda 3, Kuvvet Atakan 1, Mustafa](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062311/5a4d1afc7f8b9ab0599848e8/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
PGA results
![Page 16: GROUND MOTION SIMULATIONS AT RAPID RESPONSE SITES IN ISTANBUL, TURKEY Mathilde Bøttger Sørensen 1, Nelson Pulido 2, Anibal Ojeda 3, Kuvvet Atakan 1, Mustafa](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062311/5a4d1afc7f8b9ab0599848e8/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
PGV
![Page 17: GROUND MOTION SIMULATIONS AT RAPID RESPONSE SITES IN ISTANBUL, TURKEY Mathilde Bøttger Sørensen 1, Nelson Pulido 2, Anibal Ojeda 3, Kuvvet Atakan 1, Mustafa](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062311/5a4d1afc7f8b9ab0599848e8/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
PGA
![Page 18: GROUND MOTION SIMULATIONS AT RAPID RESPONSE SITES IN ISTANBUL, TURKEY Mathilde Bøttger Sørensen 1, Nelson Pulido 2, Anibal Ojeda 3, Kuvvet Atakan 1, Mustafa](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062311/5a4d1afc7f8b9ab0599848e8/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Waveform exampleAvcilar district
![Page 19: GROUND MOTION SIMULATIONS AT RAPID RESPONSE SITES IN ISTANBUL, TURKEY Mathilde Bøttger Sørensen 1, Nelson Pulido 2, Anibal Ojeda 3, Kuvvet Atakan 1, Mustafa](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062311/5a4d1afc7f8b9ab0599848e8/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
GM3D
![Page 20: GROUND MOTION SIMULATIONS AT RAPID RESPONSE SITES IN ISTANBUL, TURKEY Mathilde Bøttger Sørensen 1, Nelson Pulido 2, Anibal Ojeda 3, Kuvvet Atakan 1, Mustafa](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062311/5a4d1afc7f8b9ab0599848e8/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
![Page 21: GROUND MOTION SIMULATIONS AT RAPID RESPONSE SITES IN ISTANBUL, TURKEY Mathilde Bøttger Sørensen 1, Nelson Pulido 2, Anibal Ojeda 3, Kuvvet Atakan 1, Mustafa](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062311/5a4d1afc7f8b9ab0599848e8/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Tectonic Setting Marmara Sea Region
Okay et. al 2000
![Page 22: GROUND MOTION SIMULATIONS AT RAPID RESPONSE SITES IN ISTANBUL, TURKEY Mathilde Bøttger Sørensen 1, Nelson Pulido 2, Anibal Ojeda 3, Kuvvet Atakan 1, Mustafa](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062311/5a4d1afc7f8b9ab0599848e8/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Scenario Earthquake
Active tectonic map of the Marmara Sea (Okay et. al 2000)
![Page 23: GROUND MOTION SIMULATIONS AT RAPID RESPONSE SITES IN ISTANBUL, TURKEY Mathilde Bøttger Sørensen 1, Nelson Pulido 2, Anibal Ojeda 3, Kuvvet Atakan 1, Mustafa](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062311/5a4d1afc7f8b9ab0599848e8/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Scenario Earthquake 1b
Active tectonic map of the Marmara Sea (Okay et. al 2000)
![Page 24: GROUND MOTION SIMULATIONS AT RAPID RESPONSE SITES IN ISTANBUL, TURKEY Mathilde Bøttger Sørensen 1, Nelson Pulido 2, Anibal Ojeda 3, Kuvvet Atakan 1, Mustafa](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062311/5a4d1afc7f8b9ab0599848e8/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Scenario Earthquake 2
Active tectonic map of the Marmara Sea (Okay et. al 2000)
![Page 25: GROUND MOTION SIMULATIONS AT RAPID RESPONSE SITES IN ISTANBUL, TURKEY Mathilde Bøttger Sørensen 1, Nelson Pulido 2, Anibal Ojeda 3, Kuvvet Atakan 1, Mustafa](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062311/5a4d1afc7f8b9ab0599848e8/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Scenario Earthquake 3
Active tectonic map of the Marmara Sea (Okay et. al 2000)
![Page 26: GROUND MOTION SIMULATIONS AT RAPID RESPONSE SITES IN ISTANBUL, TURKEY Mathilde Bøttger Sørensen 1, Nelson Pulido 2, Anibal Ojeda 3, Kuvvet Atakan 1, Mustafa](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062311/5a4d1afc7f8b9ab0599848e8/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
High Frequency Radiation Pattern Model
P-wave SH-wave SV-waveLow
Frequency
< 1HzNon-spherical
HighFrequencySpherical
> 3 HzThe region between 1 to 3 Hz is a transition between the theoretical radiation of a double couple to a completely stochastic radiation
![Page 27: GROUND MOTION SIMULATIONS AT RAPID RESPONSE SITES IN ISTANBUL, TURKEY Mathilde Bøttger Sørensen 1, Nelson Pulido 2, Anibal Ojeda 3, Kuvvet Atakan 1, Mustafa](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062311/5a4d1afc7f8b9ab0599848e8/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Asperities and Seismicity
After Gurbuz et. al. (2000), Tectonic fault model from Okay (2000)
![Page 28: GROUND MOTION SIMULATIONS AT RAPID RESPONSE SITES IN ISTANBUL, TURKEY Mathilde Bøttger Sørensen 1, Nelson Pulido 2, Anibal Ojeda 3, Kuvvet Atakan 1, Mustafa](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062311/5a4d1afc7f8b9ab0599848e8/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Fault Segments Parameters
Hypocenter located at a depth of 10 km
The depth seismogenic zone is 20 km
![Page 29: GROUND MOTION SIMULATIONS AT RAPID RESPONSE SITES IN ISTANBUL, TURKEY Mathilde Bøttger Sørensen 1, Nelson Pulido 2, Anibal Ojeda 3, Kuvvet Atakan 1, Mustafa](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062311/5a4d1afc7f8b9ab0599848e8/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Variability of the Simulated Ground Motion
![Page 30: GROUND MOTION SIMULATIONS AT RAPID RESPONSE SITES IN ISTANBUL, TURKEY Mathilde Bøttger Sørensen 1, Nelson Pulido 2, Anibal Ojeda 3, Kuvvet Atakan 1, Mustafa](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062311/5a4d1afc7f8b9ab0599848e8/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Simulated Spectra and Turkish Seismic Code
Turkish Seismic Code, Aydinoglu (1998)
![Page 31: GROUND MOTION SIMULATIONS AT RAPID RESPONSE SITES IN ISTANBUL, TURKEY Mathilde Bøttger Sørensen 1, Nelson Pulido 2, Anibal Ojeda 3, Kuvvet Atakan 1, Mustafa](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062311/5a4d1afc7f8b9ab0599848e8/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Deterministic vs Probabilistic PGA Distribution
PGA values for a 10% of excedance in 50 years (Atakan et. al. 2002)
PGA from scenario earthquake 1a
![Page 32: GROUND MOTION SIMULATIONS AT RAPID RESPONSE SITES IN ISTANBUL, TURKEY Mathilde Bøttger Sørensen 1, Nelson Pulido 2, Anibal Ojeda 3, Kuvvet Atakan 1, Mustafa](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062311/5a4d1afc7f8b9ab0599848e8/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Avcilar district
![Page 33: GROUND MOTION SIMULATIONS AT RAPID RESPONSE SITES IN ISTANBUL, TURKEY Mathilde Bøttger Sørensen 1, Nelson Pulido 2, Anibal Ojeda 3, Kuvvet Atakan 1, Mustafa](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062311/5a4d1afc7f8b9ab0599848e8/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Sultanahmet district
![Page 34: GROUND MOTION SIMULATIONS AT RAPID RESPONSE SITES IN ISTANBUL, TURKEY Mathilde Bøttger Sørensen 1, Nelson Pulido 2, Anibal Ojeda 3, Kuvvet Atakan 1, Mustafa](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062311/5a4d1afc7f8b9ab0599848e8/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)