ground deformation: faulting and folding earthquakes and mountain- building
DESCRIPTION
Ground Deformation: Faulting and Folding Earthquakes and Mountain- Building. An Earthquake is a rapid vibration of the Earth’s surface created by a sudden movement of a part of a plate along a fault. Energy released radiates in all directions from its source, the focus. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Ground Deformation: Faulting and Folding
Earthquakes and Mountain- Building
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An Earthquake is a rapid vibration of the Earth’s surface
created by a sudden movement of a part of a plate along a fault.
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Energy released radiates in all directions from its source, the focus
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Energy propagates in the form of seismic waves
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L Waves
S Waves
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Sensitive instruments around the world record the event
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Seismograph
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What is a Fault or Fault line?
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A Fault is a fracture in rock along which displacement has taken place- associated with a plate
boundary.
Faults can be active or inactive, and can be associated with either
current or old plate boundaries.
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Types of Faults
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Normal
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Reverse
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Strike-slip
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What causes an Earthquake??
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Focus- The location within the Earth where movement
occurs, and an Earthquake originates.
Epicenter- The location on the surface directly above the focus of an earthquake.
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Where do Earthquakes occur?
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So, how does energy released by slippage at a fault travel through
the ground?
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Energy from an Earthquake
travels in seismic waves.
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S-Wave Motion – “Side-to-Side” Motion
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Surface Waves
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Detecting and Locating Earthquakes
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Seismograph: A device that records earthquake waves.
Seismogram: The “picture” drawn by a seismograph.
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How far is the epicenter of an earthquake from a seismic station, if the difference between the arrival time of the P and the S wave is 5 minutes?
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Folding
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Folding creates non-volcanic mountains
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Folded Mountains
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Domed Mountains
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Fault-Block Mountains
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