gross anatomy of appendicular...
TRANSCRIPT
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Gross Anatomy of Appendicular
Muscles
Biology 260
M. Iyengar
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MEDIAN N.
AXILLARY N. & RADIAL N.
Breaking down the Brachial plexus
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Developmentally Axial Muscles AttachingPectoral Girdle to Body Wall
Trapezius
Serratus anterior
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Developmentally Axial Muscles AttachingPectoral Girdle to Body Wall
Rhomboids major
Rhomboids minor
Levator scapulae
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INNERVATION ACTION MUSCLES (synergists) Attachments
Axillary N.
Adducts and elevates scapulaRetracts and depresses scapula
TrapeziusMed: Occipital boneLat: Clavicle; acromion and spine of scapula
Protracts, rotates, and stabilizes scapula
Serratus anteriorSup: Medial border of scapulaInf: Ribs 1-9
Retracts, elevates, and adducts scapula
Rhomboid minor
Med: Spinous processes of C7-T1Lat: Medial border of scapula
Rhomboid major
Med: Spinous processes of T2-T5Lat: Medial border of scapula
Elevates the scapula
Levator scapulae
Sup: Transverse processes of C1-C4Inf: Medial border of scapula
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Muscles of the thorax and shoulder
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Rotator Cuff Muscles
Subscapularis is deep
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Rotator Cuff Muscles
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Subscapularis
Teres Minor
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GROUP INNERVATION ACTION MUSCLES (synergists) Attachments
Pectoralis minorSup: Coracoid process of scapulaInf: Ribs 3-5
Rotator cuff
*Axillary N
SubscapularisP: Subscapular fossa of scapulaD: Lesser tubercle of humerus
SupraspinatusP: Suprascapular fossa of scapulaD: Greater tubercle of humerus
InfraspinatusP: Infrascapular fossa of scapulaD: Greater tubercle of humerus
*Teres minorP: Lateral border of scapulaD: Greater tubercle of humerus
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Muscles of the thorax and shoulder
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Muscles of the thorax and shoulder
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GROUP ACTION INNERVATION MUSCLES (synergists) Attachment ANTAGONISTS
Adductors
Pectoralis majorP: Clavicle and body of sternumD: Intertubercular groove of humerus
Latissimus dorsiP: Thoracolumbar fasciaD: Intertubercular groove of humerus
Teres majorP: Inferior angle of scapulaD: Lesser tubercle & Intertubercular groove of humerus
Abductors DeltoideusP: Clavical (acromial end); acromion and spine of scapulaD: Deltoid tuberosity of humerus
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Muscles of the brachial regionTriceps, long head Triceps, lateral head Triceps, medial head
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Muscles of the brachial region
CoracobrachialisBiceps brachii Brachialis
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Muscles of the brachial region
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GROUP ACTION INNERVATION MUSCLES (synergists) Attachment ANTAGONISTS
Brachial Flexors
CoracobrachialisP: Coracoid process of scapulaD: Shaft of humerus
Biceps brachiiP: Coracoid process of scapulaD: Radial tuberosity
BrachialisP: HumerusD: Coronoid process of ulna
*BrachioradialisP: HumerusD: Styloid process of radius
Brachial Extensors
Triceps lateral headTriceps medial headTriceps long head*
P: Scapula or humerusD: Olecranon process of ulna
Teres majorP: Inferior angle of scapulaD: Lesser tubercle of humerus
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Muscles of the antebrachial region
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Muscles of the antebrachial region
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Muscles of the antebrachial regionBrachioradialis Extensor digitorum
Extensor carpi ulnaris
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Muscles of the antebrachial regionExtensor carpi radialis brevis
Extensor carpi radialis longus
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GROUP ACTION INNERVATION MUSCLES (synergists) Attachment ANTAGONISTS
AntebrachialFlexors
Flexor carpi radials Palmaris longusFlexor carpi ulnaris
P: Medial epicondyle the humerusD: Metacarpals or phalanges
Antebrachial Extensors
Extenstor carpi radialis longus & brevisExtensor digitorumExtensor carpi ulnaris
P: Lateral epicondyle of humerusD: Metacarpals or phalanges
Pronator teresP: Medial epicondyle the humerusD: Lateral surface of radius
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Muscles of the antebrachial region
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Breaking down the Lumbosacral plexus
Peroneal (common fibular)
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Muscles of the hip, thigh, and knee
IliacusOrigin: Internal iliac fossaInsertion: Lesser trochanterInnervation: ventral primary rami of L2-L4 and branches from femoral nerveFunction: Flex and externally rotate hip.
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Muscles of the hip, thigh, and knee
Psoas
PsoasOrigin: T12-L5 lateral vertebral bodies and transverse processes.Insertion: Lesser trochanterInnervation: Femoral nerve L2-L4Function: Flex and externally rotate hip.
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Muscles of the hip, thigh, and knee
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Muscles of the hip, thigh, and kneePectineus
Adductor brevis
Adductor longus
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Muscles of the hip, thigh, and knee
Obturator externusAdductor magnus
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Muscles of the hip, thigh, and knee
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Muscles of the hip, thigh, and knee
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Muscles of the hip, thigh, and knee
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Muscles of the hip, thigh, and knee
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Muscles of the hip, thigh, and knee
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Muscles of the hip, thigh, and knee
Gluteus maximusGluteus medius
Gluteus minimus
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GMx
GMd
GMn
Pi
Obi
SG
IG
QF
Gluteal muscle group attachments
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Muscles of the hip, thigh, and knee
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Quadrant system Dorsal
Ventral
Cranial Caudal
QuadsFemoral NIlium (ant.)
GlutesPeronealIlium (post.)
AdductorsObturator N.Pubis
HamstringsTibial N.Ischium
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GROUP INNERVATION ACTION MUSCLES(synergists)
Attachments ANTAGONISTS
Quadriceps
SartoriusP: anterior superior iliac spineD: medial surface of tibia
Vastus groupP: linea aspera of femurD: patella and patellar ligament
Rectus femorisP: anterior superior iliac spineD: patella and patellar ligament
½ Tensor facia latae See below
Hamstrings
Biceps femorisP: Ischial tuberosity & linea asperaD: Head of fibula
SemitendinosusP: Ischial tuberosityD: Proximal medial surface of tibia
SemimembranosusP: Ischial tuberosityD: Post. of medial condyle of tibia
Adductors
GracilisP: Inf. Ramus & body of pubisD: Upper medial surface tibia
Adductor brevisP: Inf. Ramus & body of pubisD: Linea aspera
Adductor longusP: Pubis near pubic symphysisD: Linea aspera
Adductor magnusP: Inf. Ramus & ischial tuberosityD: Linea aspera
Abductors
½ Tensor facia lataeP: Iliac crest and anterior superior iliac spineD: Iliotibial band
Gluteus mediusP: Post. iliac crestD: Greater trochanter
Gluteus minimusP: Lateral surface of iliumD: Greater trochanter
Gluteus maximusP: Iliac crest & sacrumD: Iliotibial band & linea aspera
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Muscles of the Ankle and Toes
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Muscles of the Ankle and Toes
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Muscles of the Ankle and Toes
Tibialis anteriorOrigin: Fibula, head and proximal 2/3Insertion: Medial cuneiformInnervation: Peroneal nerve Action: Plantar flexion, subtalar eversion, support transverse arch
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Peroneus longusOrigin: Fibula, head and proximal 2/3Insertion: Medial cuneiformInnervation: Peroneal nerve Action: Plantar flexion, subtalar eversion, support transverse arch
Peroneus brevisOrigin: Fibula distal 1/2Insertion: 5th metatarsalInnervation: Peroneal nerve Action: Plantar flexion, subtalar eversion
Muscles of the Ankle and Toes
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Muscles of the Ankle and Toes
Gastrocnemius medial headOrigin: Medial femoral epicondyleInsertion: Calcaneal tuberosity via Achilles tendonInnervation: Tibial nerve S1-S2Function: Plantar flexion, knee flexion
Gastrocnemius lateral headOrigin: Lateral femoral epicondyleInsertion: Calcaneal tuberosity via Achilles tendonInnervation: Tibial nerve S1-S2Function: Plantar flexion, knee flexion
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Muscles of the Ankle and Toes
Soleus
Origin: Head and neck of tibia and fibulaInsertion: Calcaneal tuberosityInnervation: Tibialnerve S1-S2Function: Plantar fexion
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Muscles of the Ankle and Toes
Plantaris
Origin: Lateral femoral epicondyleInsertion: Calcaneal tuberosityInnervation: Tibial nerve S1-S2Function: Negligible
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Muscles of the lower leg