grief and bereavement - national pace association. loss, grief, and... · reactions 2. normal grief...

Loss, Grief, and Bereavement

Tom Smith, LCSW

• Define Loss, Grief, and Bereavement

• Understand the basic types of grief• Anticipatory

• Normal

• Complicated

• Discuss supportive techniques and resources

Objectives

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• Loss:• A loss may be a person, thing, relationship, or situation.

• Grief:• Grief is an emotional response to loss

• Mourning:• Mourning is the outward, social expression of loss

• Bereavement:• The reaction of the survivor to the death.

• The adjustment to a life without the deceased.

Definitions

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1. Anticipatory Grief

2. Normal Grief

3. Complicated Grief

Three Types of Grief:

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• Grief before an impending loss

• Opportunities to prepare

• 5 Tasks of Dying• Ask for forgiveness• Offer forgiveness• Say Thank you• I love you.• Goodbye.

1. Anticipatory Grief

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• Majority of people experience normal grief

• Normal, dynamic process that occurs in response to any type of loss.

• Highly individualized, depending on person’s perception of the loss and influenced by context and concurrent stressors

• Physical, emotional, cognitive, spiritual, and behavioral reactions

2. Normal Grief

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Common Normal Grief Reactions

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Emotional Physical Behavioral

Common Normal Grief Reactions

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Cognitive Spiritual Social

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Normal Grief

• Complicated grief is identified by:• extended length of time of the symptoms,

the interference in normal function caused by

the symptoms, or by the intensity of the symptoms

• A small percentage of people experience complicated grief

3. Complicated Grief

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• Chaplain• Provide spiritual care, grief, bereavement support, and

can give guidance to those grieving.

• Social Workers• Provide psychosocial and mental health support.

• Acknowledge the death• Rituals: Can help facilitate resolution of grief.

• Memorial table: display photos of deceased participants

• Grief groups• Community or in-house grief group

Grief Resources in PACE

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• Interdisciplinary team

• On-going reassessment

• On-going support for staff

• Discussion of Complicated grief risk(s)

• Respect of developmental, cultural, and spiritual needs

• Bereavement services available at least 13 months after death of loved one

Key Components of A Grief and Bereavement Program

• Companioning:• Being present to another person’s pain

• Listen to their story:• Provide presence. Use actively listening skills.

• Normalize the grief process• It is a normal, predictable, expected, and healthy

reaction to a loss

How can I help participants and their families?

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• Talk with others

• Take care of your health

• Be flexible

• Be patient

• Read and Journal

• Pray or meditate

• Plan ahead for anniversaries

• Professional help or support groups

What can I do to help myself?

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• End-of-Life Nursing Education Consortium (ELNEC)• http://www.aacn.nche.edu/elnec

• National Hospice and Palliative Care Organization (NHPCO)• http://www.nhpco.org/

• Bereavement • http://www.hopethroughhealing.com/• http://www.onecaringplace.com/• http://www.stephenministries.org/• http://www.gundersenhealth.org/resolve-through-sharing

• Ferrell ,B.R. & Coyle, N. (Eds.). (2010). Oxford textbook of palliative nursing (3rd ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. Inc.

• Altilio, T., and S. Otis-Green, eds. (2011). Oxford textbook of palliative social work. New York: Oxford University Press. Inc

Bibliography/ Resources

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http://www.aacn.nche.edu/elnechttp://www.nhpco.org/http://www.hopethroughhealing.com/http://www.onecaringplace.com/http://www.stephenministries.org/http://www.gundersenhealth.org/resolve-through-sharing

Tom Smith, LCSW

Regional Palliative and End-of-Life Care Coordinator

Volunteers Of America Western Slope Colorado

[email protected]

970-240-2706 Ext 27

Contact Information:
mailto:[email protected]

grief and bereavement - national pace association. loss, grief, and... · reactions 2. normal grief...

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