罗兰贝格grid-scale energy storage state of the market
TRANSCRIPT
GRID-SCALE ENERGY STORAGE: STATE OF THE MARKET, 4 APRIL 2011 1/ / / // / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /
GRID-SCALE ENERGY
STORAGE: STATE OF
THE MARKETBLOOMBERG NEW ENERGY FINANCE SUMMIT
2011
4 APRIL 2011
SHU SUN
GRID-SCALE ENERGY STORAGE: STATE OF THE MARKET, 4 APRIL 2011 2/ / / /
ENERGY STORAGE: TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS
ENERGY STORAGE
APPLICATIONS
ENERGY STORAGE
TECHNOLOGIES
Stationary
storage
Mobile
storage
Grid DistributedIndustrial Transport Consumer
Super-
capacitorsFlywheels
Pb-A
batteries
NiMH
batteries
Li-ion
batteries
Flow
batteries
NaS
batteries
CAESPumped
hydroBatteries
Grid
GRID-SCALE ENERGY STORAGE: STATE OF THE MARKET, 4 APRIL 2011 3/ / / /
66
377
9
157
134
414
104
1,152
80
67
Power quality and reliability
Retail TOU energy charges
Voltage support
Defer distribution investment
Transmission access charges
Defer transmission investment
Renewable energy integration
Regulation
Spinning reserves
Price arbitrage
BENEFITS OF STORAGE IN GRID APPLICATIONS
Source: EPRI, Bloomberg New Energy Finance
Note: Benefits are modeled using a battery configuration of 1MW, 2MWh, with 15-year
life-time and a 10% discount rate.
Markets
System
Transmission
Distribution
End user
Lifetime benefits of energy storage at different stages of value chain ($/kWh of storage capacity)
GRID-SCALE ENERGY STORAGE: STATE OF THE MARKET, 4 APRIL 2011 4/ / / /
ENERGY STORAGE PROJECTS WORLDWIDE (MW)
Source: Bloomberg New Energy Finance
0
250
500
750
1,000
1,250
1,500
1,750
2,000
2,250
Sodium sulphur
batteries
Compressed air
Lithium-ion batteries
Lead-based batteries
Flywheels Flow batteries
Nickel cadmium
batteries
Announced / planning begun
Financing secured / under construction
Permitted
Commissioned
GRID-SCALE ENERGY STORAGE: STATE OF THE MARKET, 4 APRIL 2011 5/ / / /
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Series6
Germany
United Arab Emirates
France
US
Japan
SODIUM SULPHUR BATTERIES
Source: Bloomberg New Energy Finance
Note: ‘Future storage capacity’ includes projects under the status of ‘announced /
planning begun’, ‘financing secured / under construction’ and ‘permitted’.
45% of total commissioned storage
capacity outside pumped hydro
55% of total future storage
capacity outside pumped hydro
Historical annual new NaS installations by location, 1995-2010
(MW)
GRID-SCALE ENERGY STORAGE: STATE OF THE MARKET, 4 APRIL 2011 6/ / / /
SODIUM SULPHUR BATTERIES
Source: Bloomberg New Energy Finance
Note: ‘Future installations’ include projects under the status of ‘announced / planning
begun’, ‘financing secured / under construction’ and ‘permitted’.
45% of total commissioned storage
capacity outside pumped hydro
55% of total future storage
capacity outside pumped hydro
NGK Insulators the only
company producing NaS
batteries
Current manufacturing
capacity stands at 150 MW/yr
Future installations by status and location (MW)
Potential for future cost
reduction questionable0
200
400
600
800
1,000
1,200
Financing secured /under construction
Announced /planning begun
Series6
Malaysia
Mexico
France
United Arab Emirates
Japan0
200
400
600
800
1,000
1,200
Financing secured /under construction
Announced /planning begun
Series6
Malaysia
Mexico
France
United Arab Emirates
Japan
GRID-SCALE ENERGY STORAGE: STATE OF THE MARKET, 4 APRIL 2011 7/ / / /
COMPRESSED AIR ENERGY STORAGE
Source: Bloomberg New Energy Finance
41% of total commissioned storage
capacity outside pumped hydro
37% of total future storage
capacity outside pumped hydro
CAES technology
Technological uncertainty
Note: Future projects include projects under the status of ‘announced / planning
begun’, ‘financing secured / under construction’ and ‘permitted’.
Diabatic
Isothermal
Adiabatic
Fuel input Efficiency Maturity
Yes 40-70% Mature
No 70-90% Developing
No 70% Developing
GRID-SCALE ENERGY STORAGE: STATE OF THE MARKET, 4 APRIL 2011 8/ / / /
COMPRESSED AIR ENERGY STORAGE
Source: Bloomberg New Energy Finance
41% of total commissioned storage
capacity outside pumped hydro
37% of total future storage
capacity outside pumped hydro
Future CAES projects
Financing of future projects
questionable
Note: Future projects include projects under the status of ‘announced / planning
begun’, ‘financing secured / under construction’ and ‘permitted’.
?>$1.3bn
8%Secured
7 projects
1.1GW
GRID-SCALE ENERGY STORAGE: STATE OF THE MARKET, 4 APRIL 2011 9/ / / /
Flow batteries31%
Flywheel16%
Battery -metal air
16%
SMES15%
Battery - zinc manganese
oxide11%
Fuel cell -regenerative
8%
CAES3%
Total = $27.7m
CAES32%
Battery - Li-ion
20%
Flow batteries17%
Flywheel15%
Battery -Other12%
Battery -Sodium-ion
3%
Battery - Lead carbon
1%
Total = $184.8m
DISTRIBUTION OF US DOE FUNDS TO ENERGY STORAGE
Source: US Department of Energy, Bloomberg New Energy Finance
Note: GRIDS stands for Grid-scale Rampable Intermittent Dispatchable
StorageSource: US Department of Energy, Bloomberg New Energy Finance
DOE SMART GRID DEMONSTRATION
GRANTS – ENERGY STORAGEDOE ARPA-E GRANTS: GRIDS
GRID-SCALE ENERGY STORAGE: STATE OF THE MARKET, 4 APRIL 2011 10/ / / /
0
60,000
120,000
180,000
240,000
300,000
360,000
0
200
400
600
800
1,000
1,200
2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020 2022 2024 2026 2028 2030
Total size of batteries manufactured per year (MWh) Total cost of pack ($/kWh)
LITHIUM-ION BATTERY PACK COST, TRACTION BATTERY
PRODUCTION, 2010–30
Source: Bloomberg New Energy FinanceNote: Total pack cost includes the battery management system
Total pack cost ($/kWh) Annual production (MWh)
GRID-SCALE ENERGY STORAGE: STATE OF THE MARKET, 4 APRIL 2011 11/ / / /
0
200
400
600
800
1,000
1,200
2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020 2022 2024 2026 2028 2030
Total cost of pack ($/kWh)
COST OF LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES VS. OTHER STORAGE
TECHNOLOGIES
Source: Bloomberg New Energy Finance
Note: System cost includes the cost of power control electronics and other components
required to build a complete storage system.
System cost ($/kWh)
Li-ion batteryCompressed air
Pumped hydro
Sodium sulphur
battery
Flow
battery
GRID-SCALE ENERGY STORAGE: STATE OF THE MARKET, 4 APRIL 2011 12/ / / /
Consumer
electronics
Automotive
battery (SLI)
Automotive
battery
(traction)
Industrial /
back-up
Grid-scale
storage
ACTIVITIES OF WORLD’S LARGEST BATTERY COMPANIES
Source: Bloomberg New Energy Finance
GRID-SCALE ENERGY STORAGE: STATE OF THE MARKET, 4 APRIL 2011 13/ / / /
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GRID-SCALE ENERGY STORAGE:
STATE OF THE MARKET
SHU SUN, [email protected]