grid codes - ofgem
TRANSCRIPT
Grid codes
Grid Compliance and how Vestas turbines can meet the new grid Code demands
ByMichael Rasmussen
Transmission Grid Code
Demands:• Fault Ride Through
• Maintain operation of the turbine during a fault on the grid• Frequency range
• Operate the turbine from 47-52 Hz• Frequency control
• Control of the active power during frequency variations• Ramp rate control
• Limit the power increase to a certain rate• Reactive power range
• Supply/consume reactive power • Voltage Control
• By adjusting the reactive power based on grid measurement
Fault Ride Through requirement
Frequency control
• Frequency• Frequency Control• Operating between 47 and 52 Hz
Frequency control requirement
50 5251494847 53
Frequency (Hz)
0
80
60
40
20
100
Gen
erat
ion
Out
put
(% A
vaila
ble
/ Cur
taile
d A
ctiv
e Po
wer
)
Frequency controlCharacteristics and options
∆Pfreq
Max contribution at under Frequency Gain dependant of
increasing or decreasing frequency
Gain dependant of increasing or decreasing over frequency
Over frequency Under frequency
f
Max contribution at over frequency
Dead band
Delta control for Frequency control
• Delta control is used at under frequency support
5 %
V80-2,0 MWFrequency measurement
• Step change in the frequency from 50 Hz to 51 Hz• The turbine is decreasing the active power by 50 kW/s
V80-2,0 MWFrequency measurement
Power Ramp Rate Control
• Power Ramp Rate Control• by VestasOnline for the wind farm
Power limited to e.g. 25 MW/min
Reactive Power Control
• Reactive Power Capability• Constant kVAr set point• Power factor control• Voltage control
Reactive Power Control
Constant KVAr set point Constant PF control Voltage control
V80-2,0 MW capability chartV80-2,0 MW reactive capability chart
-1000
-900
-800
-700
-600
-500
-400
-300
-200
-100
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000
kW
kVA
r
Cosphi 0,2 limit
Cosphi 0,2 limit
Cosphi 0,98
Cosphi 0,96
500 kVAr star limit
-500 kVAr star limit
1000 kVAr delta limit
1000 kVAr delta limit
Reactive power control Characteristic of voltage control
U
Capacitive operation Inductive operation
Power factor0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2
Voltage Dead band
Regulation band
Thank you for your attention