VERSANTM

Bringing Clean Water to Those in Need

Avantec Technologies, Inc. www.avantecsafe.com

The Need for Clean The Need for Clean WaterWater

1.6 billion people in the world lack access to1.6 billion people in the world lack access toclean water clean water (CDC)(CDC)

Every week, 30,000 people die of dysentery related Every week, 30,000 people die of dysentery related deaths, most of them children deaths, most of them children (WHO)(WHO)

80% of all diseases in the developing world are water 80% of all diseases in the developing world are water related related

(UN State of the Future Report)(UN State of the Future Report)

With proper disinfection, these deaths would be easily With proper disinfection, these deaths would be easily preventablepreventable

Photo courtesy of International AidPhoto courtesy of International Aid

Balance between Balance between Disinfection Disinfection

and Byproductsand Byproducts Chlorine (bleach), the major Chlorine (bleach), the major

disinfectant used for drinking disinfectant used for drinking water, reacts with organic matter water, reacts with organic matter in water to form trihalomethanes in water to form trihalomethanes and haloacetic acids. and haloacetic acids.

The EPA has recently lowered the The EPA has recently lowered the Maximum Contaminant Levels of Maximum Contaminant Levels of both of these contaminants, which both of these contaminants, which have been found to be have been found to be carcinogenic.carcinogenic.

Chlorine dioxide does not form Chlorine dioxide does not form carcinogenic byproducts and has carcinogenic byproducts and has been approved by the EPA for use been approved by the EPA for use in municipal water treatment.in municipal water treatment.

Common Emergency Common Emergency Disinfectants: ChlorineDisinfectants: Chlorine

Chlor-Floc is a combined chlorine Chlor-Floc is a combined chlorine disinfectant and coagulant disinfectant and coagulant

Used in some military applicationsUsed in some military applications

Drawbacks of chlorine disinfection Drawbacks of chlorine disinfection include a lack of effectiveness include a lack of effectiveness against some pathogens, most against some pathogens, most notably notably CryptosporidiumCryptosporidium, and a , and a significant taste problemsignificant taste problem

Concerns about health problems Concerns about health problems exist, related to extensive use and exist, related to extensive use and disinfection byproducts such as disinfection byproducts such as trihalomethanes and haloacetic acidstrihalomethanes and haloacetic acids

Common EmergencyCommon Emergency Disinfectants: Iodine Disinfectants: Iodine

Extensively used by hikers, Extensively used by hikers, backpackers, and outdoor enthusiastsbackpackers, and outdoor enthusiasts

Main product used by the military and Main product used by the military and relief agenciesrelief agencies

Drawbacks include a lack of Drawbacks include a lack of effectiveness against several effectiveness against several pathogens and a significant taste pathogens and a significant taste problemproblem

Concerns about health problems Concerns about health problems exist, related to extensive use and exist, related to extensive use and disinfection byproducts such as disinfection byproducts such as trihalomethanes and haloacetic acidstrihalomethanes and haloacetic acids

Iodine is not approved for municipal Iodine is not approved for municipal water treatmentwater treatment

Chlorine Dioxide: Chlorine Dioxide: ClOClO22

ClOClO22 is an efficient oxidizer that kills bacteria, is an efficient oxidizer that kills bacteria, viruses, and encysted parasites such as viruses, and encysted parasites such as GiardiaGiardia and and CryptosporidiumCryptosporidium

ClOClO22 disinfects at much lower disinfects at much lowerconcentrations than does concentrations than does chlorinechlorine

Unlike chlorine, Unlike chlorine, ClOClO22 is effective over is effective overa wide range of pHa wide range of pH

Chlorine Dioxide and Chlorine Dioxide and Small Scale ApplicationsSmall Scale Applications

Several hundred drinking water treatment Several hundred drinking water treatment plants in the US and thousands of treatment plants in the US and thousands of treatment plants in Europe currently use ClOplants in Europe currently use ClO2 2 for for disinfectiondisinfection

Conventional methods of generating ClOConventional methods of generating ClO22 have have made it too expensive and cumbersome to made it too expensive and cumbersome to consider for small-scale drinking water consider for small-scale drinking water applicationsapplications

Avantec® has applied itsAvantec® has applied itspatented M2Rpatented M2RTMTM technology technologyto bring the power of ClOto bring the power of ClO2 2 disinfection to small scale disinfection to small scale applicationsapplications

VERSANVERSANTMTM

VERSANVERSANTMTM requires no energy to generate ClO requires no energy to generate ClO22. . Simply drop one pouch into a given volume of Simply drop one pouch into a given volume of water, allow time for disinfection, and the water is water, allow time for disinfection, and the water is ready to drink.ready to drink.

VERSANVERSANTMTM can be tailored depending on the can be tailored depending on the application to treat 5 to 1000 gallons of water. application to treat 5 to 1000 gallons of water. Multiple units can be used for larger applications.Multiple units can be used for larger applications.

VERSAN™ - Product VERSAN™ - Product DosageDosage

VERSANTM production of ClO2

(One 0.8 g packet in 5 gallons tap water at 27 d C)

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140

Time (minutes)

ClO

2 C

once

ntra

tion

(ppm

)

Step 1: Water diffusion into M2R™ device

through hydrophilic membrane.Step 2: Chemicals dissolve.Step 3:Dissolved chemicals exchange across hydrophilic membrane and chemical reaction takes place:

5 NaClO2 + 4 H+ → 4 ClO2 + 4 Na+ + NaCl + 2H2O

Step 4:Chlorine dioxide (ClO2) diffuses out of M2R™ device through hydrophobic membrane and gaps in the bag.

Mass Transfer Mechanism of M2RTM

Water-Activation Mechanism

1

2

3

4

2

1 4

AcidSodium Chlorite

4 4

Packets: 2.5” x 2.5” 2.5” x 5.0” 5.0” x 5.0”

0.75 (2) 1.5 (4) 15 (40) 140 (390) 400 (1000)

1 Tablet 5 (12)

Volumes are expressed in gallonsNumbers in red represent volume of water that can be treated at a ClO2 dosage of 1.5 ppm

Product CapabilityProduct Capability

Volume of Water Treated at 4 ppm ClO2

Packets: 2.5” x 2.5” 2.5” x 5.0” 5.0” x 5.0”

0.75 (2) 1.5 (4) 15 (40) 140 (390) 400 (1000)

1 Tablet 5 (12)

• Volumes are expressed in gallons• Numbers in red represent volume of water, in gallons, that can be treated at a ClO2

dosage of 1.5 ppm

Volume of Water Treated at 4 ppm ClO2

Towerguard-Versan Stock Solutions

Towerguard-Versan Stock Solutions – Duration

M2RM2RTM TM HoldersHolders• Simple Simple • Throw-away or Throw-away or

reusablereusable• Easy placementEasy placement

Emergency and Remote Emergency and Remote Water PurificationWater Purification

VERSANVERSANTMTM can be used by itself or as part of a can be used by itself or as part of a complete water treatment system to provide safe complete water treatment system to provide safe water in remote locations or emergency situations water in remote locations or emergency situations such as refugee camps and natural disaster-such as refugee camps and natural disaster-stricken areas.stricken areas.

VERSANVERSANTMTM requires no energy; this is requires no energy; this is advantageous for many communities that advantageous for many communities that logistically cannot support continuous water logistically cannot support continuous water treatment. treatment.

Disinfection with ClODisinfection with ClO22 is safer than with other is safer than with other emergency disinfectants such as iodine.emergency disinfectants such as iodine.

Remote job sites such as oil rigs or those for Remote job sites such as oil rigs or those for wildfire fighters, or pipe layers can use VERSANwildfire fighters, or pipe layers can use VERSANTMTM to ensure safe drinking, bathing, and cleaning to ensure safe drinking, bathing, and cleaning water.water.

Markets for Markets for VERSAN™VERSAN™

Emergency

Sustainable Water Disinfection

Global Health Organizations

Recreational

VersanTM

Gov’t Emergency Management Agencies

Int’l Aid Agencies

NGO’s in developing countries

WHO, UNESCO

Outdoor Equipment Retailers

Large Volume Users i.e. Outward Bound, NOLS

Steps to SustainableSteps to Sustainable Water Disinfection Water Disinfection

Social Marketing/Awareness

Local RetailersCoops, Agricultural Product Suppliers

Local EconomyPumps, Tanks, Vessels

UsersConsumers

CDC, WHO,NGO’s

Peace Corps,NGO’s

Action Plan — Next StepsAction Plan — Next Steps Commitment Commitment Market Market

AssessmentAssessment TerritoryTerritory EPA RegistrationEPA Registration

ManufacturingManufacturing Operational PlanOperational Plan Contributions by Contributions by Katadyn Katadyn and Avantec and Avantec Strategic AllianceStrategic Alliance