Greening shipping through MARPOL Annex VI

Mr Camille Bourgeon| IMO Secretariat

1st MTCC-Africa Regional Workshop | 13-15 December 2017 | Mombasa, Kenya

The Global MTCC Network (GMN) project

is funded by the European Union and implemented by IMO

The views expressed in this presentation

can in no way be taken to reflect the views of the European Union

Contents

GHG emissions and need for control

Shipping CO2 emissions

International and IMO responses

1

2

3

4 IMO capacity building activities

3

• Carbon dioxide: Most of the atmospheric GHG emissions. From many sources.

• Methane: Agriculture, livestock, mining, transportation, sewage and natural gas.

• Nitrous oxide: Mainly from industrial agriculture fertilizers.

• Halocarbon (Fluoro gases): Non-natural. Extensively used as refrigerants.

• Other gases like ozone or water vapour have GHG properties.

GHG emissions

Global anthropogenic GHG emissions

Source: IPCC Fourth Assessment Report: Climate Change 2007

GHG warming effect

An idealised model of the natural greenhouse effect. [IPCC 2007 AR4 WG I]

• GHGs in the earth

atmosphere prevents

the escape of heat

from earth in the form

of infrared radiation.

• This leads to warming

of the earth.

Carbon cycle: CO2 sources and sinks

Source: https://www.e-education.psu.edu/earth103/node/1019

• The link between air emissions and

industrial activities are unequivocal.

• All types of GHG emissions show a

sharp rise since industrialisation

Evolution of GHG emissions in the atmosphere over time

IPCC: Large CO2 reductions are needed… to stabilise CO2

9

Shipping CO2 emissions (2nd IMO GHG Study 2009)

The IMO has carried out 3 IMO GHG

Studies so far and is expected to carry

on other studies in future years.

Second IMO GHG Study, 2007 data:

• 870 MT of CO2

• 2.7% of global emissions

Shipping CO2 emissions (3rd IMO GHG Study 2014)

International shipping share of total global GHG emissions has been 2.2% in 2012

Projection shows an increase of 50% up to 250% of shipping emissions by 2050

Shipping CO2 emissions

• 300MT of fuel oil used by international shipping in 2012

• Negligible energy demand for shipping currently is met by renewables

• Alternative energy sources and/or alternative fuels are key to reducing GHG emissions

UN EnvironmentThe Emissions Gap Report 2017

Emission reduction potential from shipping efficiency in 2030 = 0.7 GtCO2e

13

Existing potential for reduction of shipping CO2 emissions

DESIGN (New ships)Saving of

CO2/tonne-mileCombined Combined

Concept, speed & capability 2% to 50%

10% to 50%

25% to 75%

Hull and superstructure 2% to 20%

Power and propulsion systems 5% to 15%

Low-carbon fuels 5% to 15%

Renewable energy 1% to 10%

Exhaust gas CO2 reduction 0%

OPERATION (All ships)

Fleet management, logistics & incentives

5% to 50%

10% to 50%Voyage optimization 1% to 10%

Energy management 1% to 10%

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Existing potential for reduction of shipping CO2 emissions

15

• United Nations Environment (former UNEP)

• Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)

• United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) (1992)

• Kyoto Protocol (1997) => Paris Agreement (2015)

• Vienna Convention & Montreal Protocol on Ozone-Depleting Substances (1989)

• IMO for international shipping (Chapter 4 of MARPOL Annex VI, 2013)

• Etc.

Organizations and instruments

• The UNCLOS includes extensive references to the protection of the environment.

• The UNCLOS recalls the importance to:

– “promote the peaceful uses of the seas and oceans, the equitable and efficient utilization of their resources, the conservation of their living resources, and the study, protection and preservation of the marine environment.”

– “prevent, reduce and control pollution of the marine environment from or through the atmosphere […] applicable to vessels” (article 212 on Pollution from or through the atmosphere)

United Nations Convention on the Law Of the Seas (UNCLOS)

• Within Kyoto Protocol:

“The Parties included in Annex I shall pursue limitation emissions of GHG from marine bunker fuels, working through the International Maritime Organization”

• [Extracts from Article 2.2 of the Kyoto Protocol]

UNFCC and IMO: Why IMO energy efficiency regulation?

Shipping under the spotlight

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MARPOL Annex VI – Prevention of Air Pollution from Ships

Ozone Depleting

Substances

Nitrogen Oxides

(NOx)

Shipboard

Incineration

Volatile Organic

Compounds

Energy

Efficiency

Sulphur Oxides

(SOx)

IMO energy efficiency regulatory activities

MEPC68

IMO Energy Efficiency Regulatory Developments

Resolution MEPC.212(63)EEDI CalculationResolution MEPC.214(63)EEDI VerificationResolution MEPC.213(63)SEEMP

Resolution A.963 (23)

“IMO policies and practices

related to reduction of GHG

emissions from ships”

Dec2003

June

2005

Mar

2008

June

2008

GHG WorkingGroup 2

Feb

2009

MEPC Circ. 681 EEDI CalculationMEPCCirc. 682 EEDI VerificationMEPC Circ. 683 SEEMPMEPC Circ. 684 EEOI

Jul

2009

EnergyEfficiency

WG

Jun

2010

Sep1997

Feb

2012

July

2011

EEDI &SEEMP

Regs.Adopted

GHG WorkingGroup 1

MEPC40 MEPC53 MEPC57 MEPC58 MEPC59 MEPC60

MEPC61 MEPC62 MECP63 MEPC64 MEPC65 MEPC66 MEPC67

Resolution 8“CO2 emissions

From ships”

MARPOLVIAmendments Resolution

MEPC 203(62)

May

2013

March

2014

Oct

2012

MEPCCirc.471, EEOI

Oct May

20152014

3rd

GHGStudy 2014

MARPOL VI Amendments Resolution

MEPC.251(66)

Resolution MEPC.245(66): EEDI CalculationGuidelines

Resolution MEPC.231(65) Reference LinesResolutionMEPC.232(65) Minimum powerResolution MEPC.233(65), Reference lines for cruise shipsMEPC.1/Circ.815 Innovative EE TechnologiesMEPC.1/Circ.816 Consolidatedon EEDI verification

Debate on

Data

collection

5. DCS 5. DCS Reporting

IMO Energy Efficiency Regulatory Framework

Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI)

• Attained EEDI – Actual EEDI of a ship

• Required EEDI – Regulatory limit for EEDI

– Reference line– X: Reduction factor

Required EEDI as a function

of ship size and year of

construction

Reference line

Reduction rate

Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plan (SEEMP)

PART I

• An energy management plan for ship-board implementation.

• Comprises a number of measures, how, who and when should be implemented.

PART II

• Will include a Data Collection Plan (DCP).

• To be reviewed and agreed by the Administration.

SEEMP framework

IMO Data Collection System for Fuel Oil Consumption of Ships in MARPOL Annex VI - Resolution MEPC.278(70)

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• Information to be submitted to the IMO Ship Fuel Oil ConsumptionDatabase

– IMO number of the ship

– Start date - End date

– Ship type

– GT - NT

– DWT (if applicable)

– Power output of main and auxiliary engines over 130 kW

– EEDI (if applicable)

– Ice class (if applicable)

– Fuel oil consumption, by fuel oil type, in metric tonnes

– Methods used for collecting fuel oil consumption data

– Distance travelled

– Hours underway

IMO Data Collection System for Fuel Oil Consumption of Ships in MARPOL Annex VI

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2018 2019 2020 2021

01/03/18

Entry into

force

31/12/18

SEEMP shall include

a Data Collection Plan

Confirmation of

Compliance issued by

the Administration

01/04/20

Ship to

Administration

reporting

01/06/20

Issuance of

Statement of

Compliance

01/08/20

Administration

to IMO

reporting

31/05/21

End of validity

Statement of

Compliance

Data Collection System (DCS)

• The system has three main elements:

– Data collection and reporting to flag Administration by shipping companies

– Data verification and reporting to IMO by flag Administration

– Data storage in a centralised database at and by the IMO.

Data Collection

and Reporting

(company)

Data

Verification and

Reporting (flag

State)

Data Storage

and Future Use

(IMO)

IMO DCS Overview and Timeline

Data Collection Plan (DCP)

Fuel Tank Inventory

Fuel Flow Meters

Bunker Delivery

Note

CO2 Measurement

Part II of SEEMP

Review by Administration

Annual Fuel Consumption

Report to Administration

Verification by Administration

Annual Fuel Consumption

Report to IMO Database

Management of Database by

IMO

Before 1 January 2019 By end of March 2020

and every year By end of May of 2020

and every year

Paris Agreement and recent IMO Activities

• Paris Agreement 2015 requires:

– Parties to the Paris Agreement will prepare the “Nationally Determined Contributions” (NDCs) by late 2018

– There is no DC for global shipping, and the sector isn’t included in the Paris Agreement

– International shipping is expected to make its contribution towards global GHG reduction

• IMO Roadmap for developing a comprehensive IMO Strategy on reduction of GHG emissions from ships:

– Agreed Roadmap in MEPC 70 (2016)

– Initial strategy to be adopted in April 2018

– The final strategy to be firmed up by 2023 (when data through DCS are available).

2

9

The 2016 Roadmap for developing a comprehensive IMO GHG Strategy

30

IMO activities on matters related to GHG emissions

• The initial IMO GHG Strategy is set to include:

1. Preamble/introduction/context including emission scenarios

2. Vision

3. Levels of ambition

Guiding principles

4. List of candidate short-, mid- and long-term further measures with possible timelines and their impacts on States

5. Barriers and supportive measures; capacity building and technical cooperation; R&D

6. Follow-up actions towards the development of the revised Strategy

7. Periodic review of the Strategy

Work towards adoption of the initial IMO GHG Strategy

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MARPOL Annex VI regulation on technical cooperation

Regulation 23 of MARPOL Annex VI, Chapter 4, covers the “Promotion of technical co-operation and transfer of technology relating to the improvement of energy efficiency of ships” and states that:

1 Administrations shall ……… promote and provide, as appropriate, supportdirectly or through the Organization to States, especially developing States, that request technical assistance.

2 The Administration of a Party shall ……. promote the development and transfer of technology and exchange of information to States which request technical assistance, particularly developing States, in respect of the implementation of measures to fulfil the requirements of chapter 4 of this annex, in particular regulations 19.4 to 19.6.

To support the above, Resolution MEPC.229(65) on technology transfer was adopted

Integrated Technical Cooperation Programme (ITCP)

• Designed to assist developing countries to comply with international rules and standards.

• Priority: Focus on human resources development and institutional capacity building

• Resolution A.986(24) on “The Importance and Funding of Technical Cooperation as a Means to Support the United Nations Millennium Declaration and Development Goals (MDGs)”

• Priority to activities supports the early ratification and effective implementation of IMO instruments.

IMO TC activities – examples of energy efficiency capacity

building support

• IMO-KOICA project on "Building Capacities in East Asia Countries to Address GHG Emissions from Ships"

• Sub-regional/regional and national workshops to raise awareness of measures to address GHG emissions from international shipping.

• IMO Model Course on energy efficiency operation of ships, WMU

• Comprehensive update of the Train the Trainer package on energy efficiency ship operation.

• A large number of capacity workshops under IMO major projects.

IMO major projects

• GEF-UNDP-IMO GloMEEP Project:

• Transforming the Global Maritime Transport Industry towards a Low Carbon Future through Improved Energy Efficiency

• IMO-EU Global MTCC Network (GMN) project:

• Funded by the EU and implemented by IMO

• 5 MTCCs

• 1 Network

Page 38

IMO’s response path to promote tech. transfer and capacity building

Page 38

Reg. 23 -MARPOL Annex VI,

MEPC Resolution on TT and CB,

Ad-hoc EWG-TT

ITCP: Awareness raising and

capacity building tools

Major Projects: Capacity building & private sector

partnerships

Global network to promote technology

cooperation and transfer

Institutionalize capacity building and tech. transfer

support at regional level for

sustainable Impact

GMN Project

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Thank you for your attention!http://gmn.imo.org/