Greenhouse Vegetable ProductionGreenhouse Vegetable ProductionIn Sinaloa, MexicoIn Sinaloa, Mexico

Jose Luis Aguiar, Farm AdvisorJose Luis Aguiar, Farm AdvisorUCCE Riverside CountyUCCE Riverside County Vegetable Crops/Small FarmsVegetable Crops/Small Farms 8282--675 Highway 111 Rm. 118675 Highway 111 Rm. 118 Indio, Ca 92201Indio, Ca 92201 760760--863863--79497949 jlaguiar@ucdavis.edujlaguiar@ucdavis.edu

Photo courtesy of AARC

Fertigation, Coachella ValleyFertigation, Coachella Valley

Sinaloa, MexicoSonora, MexicoCentral Mexico-JaliscoBaja California, Mexico

9 vegetable growing regions in Sinaloa

Sinaloa 26%

Baja 10%Baja Sur 14%

Sonora 7%

Jalisco 27%

Lopez, J. and K. Shwedel. 2001

State of SinaloaState of Sinaloa

•• 1,500,000 hectares in agricultural production1,500,000 hectares in agricultural production•• 800,000 hectares are irrigated800,000 hectares are irrigated•• 450,000 in corn production450,000 in corn production•• 115,000 hectares in bean production115,000 hectares in bean production•• 85,000 hectares in vegetable production85,000 hectares in vegetable production•• 80,000 hectares in fruit production80,000 hectares in fruit production•• 60,000 hectares in garbanzo production60,000 hectares in garbanzo production•• 20,000 hectares in sugarcane production20,000 hectares in sugarcane production•• 15,000 hectares in potato production15,000 hectares in potato production

3.7 million acres

Vegetable Production in Sinaloa:Vegetable Production in Sinaloa:

Crop: Crop: Acreage HectaresAcreage Hectares•• Tomato:Tomato: 72,02672,026 29,14829,148•• Chile: Chile: 39, 166 39, 166 15,85015,850•• Squash:Squash: 15,38715,387 6,2276,227•• Tomatillo: Tomatillo: 10,99710,997 4,4504,450•• Cucumber:Cucumber: 7,0477,047 2,8522,852•• Eggplant:Eggplant: 23672367 958958•• Chinese vegetablesChinese vegetables 3,9683,968 1,6061,606

2/8/20072/8/2007

PEPPERS: 2004PEPPERS: 2004--20052005 Just around CuliacanJust around Culiacan

•• BELLL PEPPER: 5, 510 Acres (4342 CV)BELLL PEPPER: 5, 510 Acres (4342 CV)•• JALAPENO: 964JALAPENO: 964•• KOREAN: 12KOREAN: 12•• ANAHEIM: 30ANAHEIM: 30•• SERRANO: 32SERRANO: 32•• BANANA: 82BANANA: 82•• PASILLA: 897PASILLA: 897•• YELLOW WAX: GUERRO: YELLOW WAX: GUERRO: CarribeCarribe: 5: 5•• OTHER HOT PEPPERS: 237 OTHER HOT PEPPERS: 237

Bell Pepper Exports: 2004Bell Pepper Exports: 2004--20052005•• 10.63 million boxes 10.63 million boxes •• Valued at 114.7 Million DollarsValued at 114.7 Million Dollars

Hot Peppers exported were valued at 26.65 Million DollarsCierre de ciclo de hortalizas: 2004-2005

Dr. Roberto Luque Gastelum, Piaxtla de Abajo, May 2006

Dr. Mike Coffey, December 2006: Oasis, California

All of the fruit is packed in packing houses

Field Packing Red Bell Pepper: Oasis, California

Photo courtesy of AARC

Photos courtesy of AARC

DiseasesDiseases

•• Powdery MildewPowdery Mildew•• Gray MoldGray Mold•• White MoldWhite Mold•• Phytophthora Phytophthora •• Bacterial SpotBacterial Spot•• Soft Rot:Soft Rot: ErwiniaErwinia•• Viruses: AllViruses: All

Insect PestsInsect Pests

•• Spider mitesSpider mites•• WhiteflyWhitefly•• AphidsAphids•• ThripThrip•• WormsWorms•• NematodesNematodes•• LeafminerLeafminer•• Pepper WeevilPepper Weevil

Excellent conditions for insects!

Types of structuresTypes of structures

•• GreenhousesGreenhouses•• Shade Cloth HousesShade Cloth Houses•• TunnelsTunnels

Vertitunel, Batitunel, Minigreen, Stargrow,Casa Sombra, Batiserra, Megavent

Why greenhouse production?Why greenhouse production?•• Very High Initial Investment Very High Initial Investment •• Very High Operating CostsVery High Operating Costs•• Very High Risk of Disease and Insect Very High Risk of Disease and Insect

InfestationsInfestations•• Requires Very Specialized and Skilled Requires Very Specialized and Skilled

EmployeesEmployees•• Export Market: US, Canada, EuropeExport Market: US, Canada, Europe

$$$$$$

Sinaloa growers are investing heavily in ProtectedAgriculture. The technology and the varieties are European primarily.

Photo courtesy of AARC

Advantages:Good SoilsGood ClimateAbundant Irrigation WaterLabor: Skilled and UnskilledLong Growing SeasonTechnology is Available

•• Control of MicroclimateControl of Microclimate•• Wind ResistantWind Resistant•• Irrigation/Relative HumidityIrrigation/Relative Humidity•• Soil/MediaSoil/Media•• Better Fruit QualityBetter Fruit Quality

A Greenhouse is a controlled environment that when properly managed can produce excellent quality product over a long period of time.

Photos courtesy of AARC

MallaMalla Sombra: modular structures, Sombra: modular structures, made of galvanized steel, designed made of galvanized steel, designed to allow light and air and provide to allow light and air and provide protection to the plantsprotection to the plants•• Gain about 10Gain about 10--15 days15 days•• Provides protection against rain and haleProvides protection against rain and hale•• Wind protectionWind protection•• Plants have more foliagePlants have more foliage•• Overall better growing conditionsOverall better growing conditions

BELL PEPPER: COLORED BELL BELL PEPPER: COLORED BELL PEPPER PRODOUCTIONPEPPER PRODOUCTION

•• MALLA SOMBRA: SHADE HOUSE: 129 MALLA SOMBRA: SHADE HOUSE: 129 ACRESACRES

•• GREENHOUSE: 279 ACRESGREENHOUSE: 279 ACRES

((Just around Culiacan in the Just around Culiacan in the AsociacionAsociacion del del AgricultoresAgricultores del Rio Culiacan)del Rio Culiacan)

Technology imported fromTechnology imported from

•• Holland: very high tech, year round Holland: very high tech, year round (limited)(limited)

•• Spain/FranceSpain/France•• ItalianItalian•• IsraelIsrael

These countries also train the greenhouse operators.

Two main fruit shapesTwo main fruit shapes

•• California TypeCalifornia Type–– Shorter size fruit: Blocky Type 4Shorter size fruit: Blocky Type 4--3 lobes3 lobes–– Wizard, PolarisWizard, Polaris

•• Lamuyo TypeLamuyo Type–– Named in honor of a variety of INRA FranceNamed in honor of a variety of INRA France–– MacabeeMacabee

Photo courtesy of AARC

1-5 hectares2-12 acres

Tomatoes 60%Cucumbers 20%Peppers 10%

Mexican InstitutionsMexican Institutions•• INIFAP: Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones INIFAP: Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones

Forestales, Agricolas y PecuariasForestales, Agricolas y Pecuarias•• SAGARPA: Secretaria de Agricultura, Ganaderia SAGARPA: Secretaria de Agricultura, Ganaderia

y y DesarrolloDesarrollo RuraRura, , PescaPesca y y AlimentacionAlimentacion•• CAADES: CAADES: ConfederacionConfederacion de de AsociacionesAsociaciones

Agricolas del Estado de SinaloaAgricolas del Estado de Sinaloa•• CIDH: Centro Para la CIDH: Centro Para la InvestigacionInvestigacion y y DefensaDefensa

de de laslas HortalizasHortalizas•• FundacionFundacion ProduceProduce•• CIAD: Centro de CIAD: Centro de InvestigacionInvestigacion en en AlimentacionAlimentacion

y y DesarrolloDesarrollo

http://www.intagri.com.mx/

ResourcesResourcesEuroNovedadesEuroNovedades: Major provider of greenhouse : Major provider of greenhouse technology In Culiacan, Sinaloatechnology In Culiacan, Sinaloahttp://www.euronovedades.comhttp://www.euronovedades.com

MSC MSC DesarrolloDesarrollo AlimentarioAlimentario: Spanish company, : Spanish company, with offices in Latin America, and in Florida.with offices in Latin America, and in Florida.http://http://www.grupomsc.comwww.grupomsc.com

Eurofresh Farms' greenhouses are located in Willcox, Arizona. This area has a high level of sunlight, supply of high quality water, access to labor and transportation. Eurofresh Farms has computerized climate systems, which controls critical growing parameters like temperature, humidity, light, irrigation, ventilation and carbon dioxide levels within the greenhouse. In this highly-controlled growing environment, Eurofresh Farms produces consistent yields of high quality tomatoes throughout the year.

http://www.eurofresh.com/index.shtml

Join us this afternoon at the Join us this afternoon at the Pepper Workgroup Meeting!Pepper Workgroup Meeting!