green jobstools and guides · value chain development green jobstools and guides for local economic...
TRANSCRIPT
Value Chain Development
Green Jobs tools and guidesfor local economic development
and small business promotion
23 June 2010
Hotel Claridges, New Delhi
Hideki Kagohashi
Enterprise Development Specialist
ILO Decent Work Technical Support Team for South Asia
Value Chain Development
Green Jobs in the Inclusive Growth
How our efforts to promote Green Jobs
(quantitatively & qualitatively)
can contribute to the inclusive growth
scenario in India?
Value Chain Development
National Comission for Enterprises in the
Unorganized Sector found that...1. The Indian economy is dominated by informal employment
in the informal sector (around 85 % as of 2004-05).
2. The net growth of employment (1999-00 to 2004-05) has
been largely of an informal kind.
3. The growth rate of wages of almost all categories of
workers has declined during 1993-94 to 2004-05.
4. A large proportion of the Indian workforce and population
(more than 3/4) continues to be ‘poor and vulnerable’ with
very low rates of improvement in living standards.
5. The growth that occurred has been unequal, concentrating
its benefits among the top segments of the population.
Value Chain Development
Green Jobs in the Local Economy - a scenario
Access to (clean) energy for the poor
Greener development of sectors with vast informality
(incl. green & conventional jobs )
Grid extension
HH level solutions
Agriculture
MSMEs
Waste mgt & Recycling
Building & Construction
- repair & maintenance jobs- some manufacturing jobs
Area-wide collective options
Inducedimpact
Value Chain Development
Informal economy & green jobs
Formaleconomy
Informaleconomy
GreenJobs
Green Decent
Induced impact
Induced impact
formalization
Value Chain Development
What ILO can do (1)
• Given policy coherence is
achieved…
• ILO can support:
– gauging the labour market
impact of selected energy
projects and resulting skills
gap
– Value-chain and business
model dev
• Partnership required
– e.g., regulators, technology
providers, training providers,
financiers, market facilitators
Access to (clean) energy for the poor
Grid extension
HH level solutions
- repair & maintenance jobs- some manufacturing jobs
Area-wide collective options
Value Chain Development
Introduction of green technologies
Technology supplier
firms grow, creating
more GJ
Parts supplier firms
grow, creating more
GJ
Demand for
maintenance services
grow, creating more
GJ
Cost saving in terms
of energy & waste
reduction
Firms become more
competitive
Firms grow, creating
more GJ
Brown technology
supplier firms
decline, reducing
brown jobs
Parts supplier firms
decline, reducing
brown jobs
Demand for
maintenance services
decline, reducing
brown jobs
Alternative use of the
waste may eliminate
jobs previously dealt
with sate
Jobs created or lost?
gain gain loss
loss
Value Chain Development
Introduction of green technologies
Technology supplier
firms grow, creating
more GJ
Parts supplier firms
grow, creating more
GJ
Demand for
maintenance services
grow, creating more
GJ
Cost saving in terms
of energy & waste
reduction
Firms become more
competitive
Firms grow, creating
more GJ
Brown technology
supplier firms
decline, reducing
brown jobs
Conversion of brown
jobs into GJ in the
same firm/VC
Alternative livelihood
thru
entrepreneurship &
ALMP
Parts supplier firms
decline, reducing
brown jobs
Demand for
maintenance services
decline, reducing
brown jobs
Alternative use of the
waste may eliminate
jobs previously dealt
with sate
Absorption of the
labour within the
expanding segment
of VC
Alternative livelihood
thru
entrepreneurship &
ALMP
Jobs created or lost? How about quality?
gain gain loss
loss
Decent WorkChallenge
Integrated approach
to green, decent and
profitable businesses
Compensatingthe loss
Keeping jobs
Value Chain Development
Opportunities & risks of 4 pillars of
local economic development
Dependence
Easy access by competitors
Migration &brain drain
Subsidizingnon-competitive
firms
Value Chain Development
Materialize the impact of access to energy
into local economic develop ...
Access to (clean) energy for the poor
Greener development of sectors with vast informality
is NOT AUTOMATIC
•Calls for an integrated approach•Need to work w/ various stakeholdersincl. convergence w/ gov prog/schemes
Value Chain Development
What ILO can do (2)
• Given policy coherence is
achieved…
• ILO programmes & tools
available:
– Local competitiveness &
value chain tools
– Entrepreneurship, skills and
MFI training
– Workplace enhancement &
productivity prog.
– Support to expand social
protection coverage
– Tools to address needs of
vulnerable groups
Greener development of sectors with vast informality
Agriculture
MSMEs
Waste mgt & Recycling
Building & Construction
Value Chain Development
New ILO tools to be introduced
• Tools to assess the size of Green Jobs potential
– Sectoral (ILO-GHK guide)
– project level (under development)
• Tools to support Local Economic Development
1. Value Chain Development for Green Jobs (policymakers’
guide/reader + practitioners’ guide)
2. Sustaining Competitive & Responsible Enterprises – SCoRE
(workplace & productivity programme)
3. Generate Your Green Business Ideas (a module of SIYB
entrepreneurship programme)
Value Chain Development
TOOL 1: "Value-chain development for
Green Jobs - an ILO guide"
• ILO’s value-chain manuals are being converted
to a GJ mainstreamed guide, “VCD for GJ”
– Vol. 1: Conceptual reader
– Vol. 2: Practitioner’s guide
• Pilot project of Jabalpur dairy sector as the
basis for Vol. 2 development
– Case study available
Value Chain Development
Value Chain Development
Participatory VCD of the ILO
what’s the difference?
• VC in private sector is something to manage from a firms
perspective: forward & backward integration
------------------------------
• ILO facilitate collaboration and synergy among a wide range
of stakeholders across VC through social dialogue model
• ILO’s VCD takes a systemic view of the market beyond VC
itself (reflection of M4P discussion)
Value Chain Development
Market system as the analysis framework
Value Chain Development
Focus areas of the dairy VC
Value Chain Development
Quick process creates momentum
Start-up
workshop
Results
Workshop
Inte
rvie
ws
Focus group discussions
Presentation
Build-up
Hypothesi
s Workshop
Imple-mentation
8 - 12 weeks
4 - 6 weeks
1 2 3 4 5 6
Modules
Value Chain Development
Participatory VCD ignited the reform mind
among stakeholders
• Steering Group formed and recommendations taken up by relevant stakeholders to implement.
• Specific opportunities identified to benefit more than a few farmers (e.g., use of wasteland and networking w/ research inst. to address lack of green fodder, selling of calves insteadof letting them die, help small farmers set up biogas plants for households thermal requirements with the government subsidy schemes ).
• More emphasis on information sharing to build on existing institutional capacities (e.g., government schemes, OSH services and tips, financial & non-financial services).
Value Chain Development
SMEs &
unions
Large
enterprises
Banks
NGOs &
Donor
Agencies
lead firms &
foreign
buyers Supply
industries
BDS providers
& Consultants
Government
departments,
institutes &
initiativesAccredita-
tion Agencies
Industry
bodies &
Associations
Steering Group to enhance policy
coherence at the local level
Value Chain
Steering Group
Value Chain Development
TOOL 2: "Sustaining Competitive &
Responsible Enterprises (SCoRE)"
SCoRE supports enterprises to strengthen
collaboration and communication between
managers and workers to:
– Boost quality and productivity
– Improve working conditions (HR, OSH etc)
– Reduce environmental footprint and …
– …make enterprises more competitive in national
and global markets, thereby creating or protecting
jobs in the economic crisis.
Value Chain Development
SCoRE - Safer working environments
before
after
Value Chain Development
SCoRE - Higher productivity
before
after
Value Chain Development
Workplace Cooperation
Organize your peopleOrganize your people Productivity and Cleaner Productivity and Cleaner ProductionProduction
QualityQualityOrganize your workplaceOrganize your workplace
SCORE makes enterprises more competitive in national & global markets
� Two day classroom training for managers and workers � Local experts for organization and intensive follow-up
� Worker / Manager approach to continuous improvement
Value Chain Development
Materials
Energy
WaterBy-Products
Solid
Waste
(trash)
Emissions
Heat
Loss
Hazardous
Waste
Waste-
water
Products
Technology
SCoRE’s Cleaner production module in collaboration with UNIDO
25
Value Chain Development
TOOL 3: "Generate Your Green Business
Ideas" for green entrepreneurship
• Objective:
– Generate Your Green Business Ideas intends to help entrepreneurs identifying business opportunities in climate change issues and environmental problems and let them develop innovative ideas to solve these problems through profitable businesses.
• Development & pre-testing:
– Material developed based on the Generate Your Business module of the Start & Improve Your Business (SIYB) entrepreneurship programme
– Pre-testing in the E-SIYB Project in China
Value Chain Development
“Generate Your Green Business Ideas” –
sample pages from the workbook
Value Chain Development
Other tools and guides of the ILO that can
be combined with Green Jobs promotion
• ILO resource guide on the informal economy
• LED toolbox from local competitiveness assessment
to thematic intervention tools
• Variation of SIYB:
– SIYB Level One for semi-literate
– KAB for entrepreneurship education at school
– GET Ahead for women entrepreneurship
– Start & Improve Your Waste Recycling Business
Value Chain Development
Useful websites of the ILO
• Green Jobs India site: http://www.ilo.org/newdelhi/whatwedo/projects/lang--en/WCMS_123411/index.htm
• ITC-Turin’s Green Jobs training site: http://greenjobs.itcilo.org/
• LED knowledge website: http://www.ledknowledge.org/
• Boosting Employment through Small Enterprise Development: http://www.ilo.org/empent/WorkingUnits/lang--en/WCMS_DOC_ENT_DPT_SEE_EN/index.htm
• SCoRE: http://www.ilo.org/empent/Whatwedo/Projects/lang--en/docName--WCMS_101367/index.htm
• Informal economy resource guide: http://www.ilo.org/public/english/support/lib/resource/subject/informal.htm
Value Chain Development
Let‚s work together to operationalize
Green Jobs in the Inclusive Growth