green growth: new momentum of economic growth in asia-pacific dr. li wentao apec study center of...
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Green Growth:
New Momentum of Economic Growth in Asia-Pacific
Dr. Li WentaoAPEC Study Center of China
2011 APEC STUDY CENTERS CONSORTIUM CONFERENCE
22-23 September , 2011 San Francisco , USA
Background
What’s Green Growth?
Main Progress of APEC Cooperation
Challenges & Impediments
APEC Cooperation’s Impact on China
Conclusion
CONTENTS
Background
One Earth
One Family
Economic Development
and Growth Paradigm
Background
Natural Resource Wastage
Climate Change and Deterioration
Top Five Energy Consumers in APEC (2009)
（ million Oil Equivalent ） Country 1989 2009 % of World % of World
U.S.A. 1958.1 2182.0 24.5 19.5
China 674.2 2177.0 8.4 19.5
Russia 875.6 635.3 10.9 5.7
Japan 410.9 463.9 5.1 4.2
Canada 255.7 319.2 3.2 2.86
APEC 4660.4 6853.2 58.2 61.4
World 8003.1 11164.3 100.0 100.0
Resource: BP Statistical Review of World Energy, June 2010.
Fossil Fuel Production share
of World (%)Consumption share
of World (%)Proven Reserves share
of World (%)
Coal 60 65.63 31.40
Oil 10 31.07 3.20
Natural gas 14.6 16.84 8.70
The Reserves, Production and Consumption of Fossil Fuel
in Asia- Pacific Region(2009)
Resource: BP Statistical Review of World Energy, June 2010.
Top Five CO2 Emission Countries in APEC (2009)
（ million tons ） Country 1989 2009 % of World % of World
China 2440.8 7518.5 10.8 24.2
U.S.A. 5504.3 5941.9 24.4 19.1
Russia 2394.6 1535.3 10.6 4.9
Japan 1107.3 1222.1 4.9 3.9
Korea 228.3 663.3 1.01 2.13
APEC 13341.2 19923.1 59.2 64.0
World 22535.9 31129.9 100.0 100.0
Resource: BP Statistical Review of World Energy, June 2010.
Background
The U.K. -- to constitute the low carbon green economy as the
national development strategy; to implement “Green New Deal”
to create 100 thousand new jobs from August 2010
The U.S.A. -- to invest US$ 150 billion to develop clean energy
within 10 years in order to create 5 million new jobs
Japan -- to enlarge the market scale of “environment industry” to
100 trillion Yen, and let total employment reach to 2,200,000 by
2015
Background
The Republic of Korea -- to implement “the Green Vision of 21
Century” which stipulates the green growth as the axes of long-
term development strategy from 2008; to implement “the Law of
Low Carbon Green Growth” in 2010
China -- to put forward the concept of “green development” and
stipulate it as one of the core contents of “the Twelfth Five-Year
Plan for Economic and Social Development”
Malaysia -- to constitute the green growth as the fundamental
paradigm of the future economic development in “2020 Vision”
What’s Green Growth To achieve environmentally sustainable economic
growth that focuses on reducing the increasing environmental pressure arising from economic growth, thus enabling economic growth to reduce the poverty of the current generation while maintaining the carrying capacity for future generations
---“Seoul Initiative on Green Growth ”, ESCAP , 2005.3
What’s Green Growth?
To foster economic growth and development while ensuring that natural assets continue to provide the resources and environmental services on which our well-being relies.
---“Towards Green Growth”, OECD Ministerial Council Meeting, 2011.5
What’s Green Growth?
To sustain economic growth while ensuring climatic and environmental sustainability, which focuses on addressing the root causes of these challenges while ensuring the creation of the necessary channels for resource distribution. New ideas, transformational innovations and state-of-the-art technology will become the major drivers for growth.
---“Green Growth in motion”, GGGI, 2011.5
What’s Green Growth?
To improve human well-being and social equity, while
significantly reducing environmental risks and
ecological scarcities. It is low carbon, resource efficient
and socially inclusive.
--- “Green Economy Initiative ”, UNEP, 2011.8
What’s Green Growth?
To realize economic growth meeting growing energy demands while minimizing negative environmental consequences. It can do so by facilitating the diffusion of clean energy technologies and systems. Adaptation to climate change impacts is also critical.
--- “The APEC Leaders' Growth Strategy” , APEC, 2010.9
EconomicGrowth
Elements of Green Growth
Green Growth
Environment
Biodiversity Natural Resource
Protection
Main Progress of APEC Cooperation
Cooperation in Climate Change
Cooperation in EGS
Cooperation in Climate Change
2007
-- Environmental protection and Climate Change firstly
became the core issues of APEC regional economic cooperation
-- “Sydney APEC Leader’s Declaration on Climate Change,
Energy Security and Clean Development”
-- Put forward the “Action Plan of Climate Change
Cooperation in Asia-Pacific”
Cooperation in Climate Change
2008
-- Implement decisive and effective long term cooperation
under the UNFCCC, in accordance with the principle of common
but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities
-- Establish the Asia-Pacific Network for sustainable Forest
Management and Rehabilitation, and China commit to further
financial support for this initiative
Cooperation in Climate Change
2009
-- Reiterate APEC 's concern on environmental issues, and
incorporate it into the APEC’s new growth strategy
-- Enforce the international cooperation to realize sustainable
growth through the transition to green economy
-- Efforts to address climate change are consistent with
international trade obligations and start the APEC Environmental
Goods and Services (EGS) Work Programme
Cooperation in Climate Change
2010
-- Formulate the APEC Leaders' Growth Strategy which seeks
growth compatible with global efforts for protection of the environment and transition to green economies
-- Focus efforts in the following actions:
◆ Enhance energy security and promote energy-efficiency and low-carbon policies
◆ Develop a low-carbon energy sector
◆ Promote green jobs education and training
◆ Promote private investment in green industries
◆ Promote conservation and sustainable management of agriculture
and natural resources
Cooperation in EGS
2009 -- Formulate “the APEC Environmental Goods and Services
(EGS) Work Programme”
-- Develop and implement a set of concrete actions to increase utilization and dissemination of EGS
-- Reduce existing barriers and refrain from introducing new barriers to trade and investment in EGS
-- Enhance capabilities of economies to develop their EGS sectors
-- Rationalize and phase out over the medium term fossil fuel subsidies
Cooperation in EGS
2009 -- facilitate the diffusion of climate-friendly technologies,
including through ECOTECH and capacity building activities
-- advance work on sharing best practices in energy efficiency with a view to deploying cleaner and more efficient technologies, and implement the voluntary APEC Peer Review on Energy Efficiency
-- encourage publication on a regular basis, timely, accurate, and complete data on oil production, consumption, refining and stock levels as appropriate
Cooperation in EGS
2010
-- Implement the APEC EGS Work Program, including by
taking steps to address non-tariff barriers to environmental goods
-- Explore greater alignment of energy efficiency standards
-- Promote trade and investment in EGS
-- Facilitate the diffusion of climate friendly and other EGS
technologies
Challenges & Impediments
Reluctant to transfer advanced technology
by developed members
Uncertainty of world and regional
economic growth
Members’ divergence in Cooperative target
and foundation
Absent coordinating mechanism and
executive power
APEC Cooperation’s Impact on China
Contribute to the transformation of Chinese economic growth model
energy saving and emission reduction pressure from international society
Relieve the technology and fund constraint in green growth
Domestic pressure on regulatory reform in environmental protection and IPR
Conclusion
Recognize the Necessity and Take Substantive Actions
Improve Technology Transfer and International R&D
Cooperation
Promote Mechanism Construction of Collaboration
Enlarge Official Development Assistance
Capacity Building and Best Practice
