green buildings rating systems where do we stand? prof. dr. mohamed moemen afify professor of...
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GREEN BUILDINGS’ RATING SYSTEMS“WHERE DO WE STAND?”
Prof. Dr. Mohamed Moemen AfifyProfessor of Architecture & Environmental DesignProfessor of Architecture & Environmental Design
Faculty of Engineering – Cairo UniversityFaculty of Engineering – Cairo UniversityMember of the Egyptian Supreme Green Building CouncilMember of the Egyptian Supreme Green Building Council
Member of the USGBCMember of the USGBCEmail: Email: [email protected]
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The Environmental Architecture Theories and Principles
Green Building Rating Systems and Analysis of the most well-known Worldwide
Developing a Green Building Rating System for Egypt
Conclusions and Recommendations
History of Environmental Architecture
Prehistoric Architecture
Ancient Greek ArchitectureAncient Egyptian
Architecture
Ancient Roman Architecture
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The Environmental Architecture Theories and Principles
Green Building Rating Systems and Analysis of the most well-known Worldwide
Developing a Green Building Rating System for Egypt
Conclusions and Recommendations
History of Environmental Architecture
Middle Eastern Architecture
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The Environmental Architecture Theories and Principles
Green Building Rating Systems and Analysis of the most well-known Worldwide
Developing a Green Building Rating System for Egypt
Conclusions and Recommendations
History of Environmental Architecture
Local Architecture in Egypt
Nubian Architecture Siwa Architecture
Egyptian Architecture Islamic Architecture
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The Environmental Architecture Theories and Principles
Green Building Rating Systems and Analysis of the most well-known Worldwide
Developing a Green Building Rating System for Egypt
Conclusions and Recommendations
History of Environmental Architecture
Local Architecture in Egypt
Khedive Ismail Architecture in Egypt(Downtown Cairo Architecture)
-Double high thermal mass walls-High floor height-Shutters-Cross ventilation through courts
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The Environmental Architecture Theories and Principles
Green Building Rating Systems and Analysis of the most well-known Worldwide
Developing a Green Building Rating System for Egypt
Conclusions and Recommendations
History of Environmental Architecture
Local Architecture – HASSAN FATHY
By the beginning of the sixties of the last century, it was the Egyptian Architect Hassan Fathy, who initiated the importance of such architecture, known after that by the vernacular architecture, and that he was the first to outline the need of environmental architecture in Egypt.
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The Environmental Architecture Theories and Principles
Green Building Rating Systems and Analysis of the most well-known Worldwide
Developing a Green Building Rating System for Egypt
Conclusions and Recommendations
History of Environmental Architecture
Contemporary ArchitectureWHERE ARE WE NOW ?Architecture in Egypt: (1950 -- 2010)
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The Environmental Architecture Theories and Principles
Green Building Rating Systems and Analysis of the most well-known Worldwide
Developing a Green Building Rating System for Egypt
Conclusions and Recommendations
History of Environmental Architecture
Contemporary ArchitectureWHERE ARE WE NOW:Architecture in Egypt: (1950 -- 2010)
Are we supposed to building with the traditional means and the architecture of Hassan Fathy OR by high tech means.
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The Environmental Architecture Theories and Principles
Green Building Rating Systems and Analysis of the most well-known Worldwide
Developing a Green Building Rating System for Egypt
Conclusions and Recommendations
History of Environmental Architecture
Prehistoric Architecture
Actual Architecture
Future Architecture
Green Architecture Evolution
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History of Environmental Architecture
The Environmental Architecture Theories and Principles
Green Building Rating Systems and Analysis of the most well-known Worldwide
Developing a Green Building Rating System for Egypt
Conclusions and Recommendations
Ecological systems
Natural Man-Made
Water cycleCarbon cycleNitrogen cyclePhosphorous Cycle…
EnvironmentalArchitecture
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History of Environmental Architecture
The Environmental Architecture Theories and Principles
Green Building Rating Systems and Analysis of the most well-known Worldwide
Developing a Green Building Rating System for Egypt
Conclusions and Recommendations
Environmental Architecture Systems
Active Systems Passive Systems
Photovoltaic cells
Plate Solar Collector
Wind Turbines
Hydroelectric Power
Wind Catchers
Trombe Wall
Passive Solar energy
…
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History of Environmental Architecture
The Environmental Architecture Theories and Principles
Green Building Rating Systems and Analysis of the most well-known Worldwide
Developing a Green Building Rating System for Egypt
Conclusions and Recommendations
Active Systems
Photovoltaic Wind Turbines
Solar Water Heating
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History of Environmental Architecture
The Environmental Architecture Theories and Principles
Green Building Rating Systems and Analysis of the most well-known Worldwide
Developing a Green Building Rating System for Egypt
Conclusions and Recommendations
Passive Systems
Wind CatchersTrombe Wall
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History of Environmental Architecture
The Environmental Architecture Theories and Principles
Green Building Rating Systems and Analysis of the most well-known Worldwide
Developing a Green Building Rating System for Egypt
Conclusions and Recommendations
Green Architecture
Ecological Architecture Sustainable Architecture
Bioclimatic Architecture
Vernacular Architecture Traditional / vernacular Architecture
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History of Environmental Architecture
The Environmental Architecture Theories and Principles
Green Building Rating Systems and Analysis of the most well-known Worldwide
Developing a Green Building Rating System for Egypt
Conclusions and Recommendations
“An architecture that meets the needs of present without compromising the ability of the future generations to meet their own needs”
What is Green Architecture?
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History of Environmental Architecture
The Environmental Architecture Theories and Principles
Green Building Rating Systems and Analysis of the most well-known Worldwide
Developing a Green Building Rating System for Egypt
Conclusions and Recommendations
Why Green Buildings are important?
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History of Environmental Architecture
The Environmental Architecture Theories and Principles
Green Building Rating Systems and Analysis of the most well-known Worldwide
Developing a Green Building Rating System for Egypt
Conclusions and Recommendations
The Global CO2 Emissions by Sector
1- Buildings (Electricity + Heat + Construction) = 47.5%2- Transportation = 25%3 - Land-Use Change & Forestry = 22%4- Other = 5.5%
Source: World Resources Institute, 2008
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History of Environmental Architecture
The Environmental Architecture Theories and Principles
Green Building Rating Systems and Analysis of the most well-known Worldwide
Developing a Green Building Rating System for Egypt
Conclusions and Recommendations
LEED Green Globes
NAHB BREEAM GBCA
LEED India CASBEE Estidama
?
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History of Environmental Architecture
The Environmental Architecture Theories and Principles
Green Building Rating Systems and Analysis of the most well-known Worldwide
Developing a Green Building Rating System for Egypt
Conclusions and Recommendations
LEED BREEAM CASBEE
Date Introduced 1998 1990 2004
Ratings Certified / Silver/ Gold / Platinum
Pass / Good /Very good /Excellent/Outstanding
C / B- / B+ / A / S
Assessment USGBC Trainedassessors
Design /managementteam
Third Party Validation
GBCi BRE Third Party Agencies e.g. JSBC (JapanSustainableBuilding Consortium)
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History of Environmental Architecture
The Environmental Architecture Theories and Principles
Green Building Rating Systems and Analysis of the most well-known Worldwide
Developing a Green Building Rating System for Egypt
Conclusions and Recommendations
LEED Certification Levels
Source: USGBC-LEED Brochure
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History of Environmental Architecture
The Environmental Architecture Theories and Principles
Green Building Rating Systems and Analysis of the most well-known Worldwide
Developing a Green Building Rating System for Egypt
Conclusions and Recommendations
Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED)
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History of Environmental Architecture
The Environmental Architecture Theories and Principles
Green Building Rating Systems and Analysis of the most well-known Worldwide
Developing a Green Building Rating System for Egypt
Conclusions and Recommendations
1-Sustainable Sites 26 Possible points
• Construction Activity Pollution Prevention
• Site Selection• Development Density & Community
Connectivity• Brownfield Redevelopment• Alternative Transportation• Site Development• Stormwater Design• Heat Island Effect• Light Pollution Reduction
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History of Environmental Architecture
The Environmental Architecture Theories and Principles
Green Building Rating Systems and Analysis of the most well-known Worldwide
Developing a Green Building Rating System for Egypt
Conclusions and Recommendations
2-Water Efficiency 14 Possible Points
• Water Efficient Landscaping
• Innovative Wastewater Technologies
• Water Use Reduction
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History of Environmental Architecture
The Environmental Architecture Theories and Principles
Green Building Rating Systems and Analysis of the most well-known Worldwide
Developing a Green Building Rating System for Egypt
Conclusions and Recommendations
3-Energy and Atmosphere 35 Possible Points
•Commissioning of the Building Energy
Systems•Energy Performance•Refrigerant Management•On-Site Renewable Energy•Measurement & Verification•Green Power
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History of Environmental Architecture
The Environmental Architecture Theories and Principles
Green Building Rating Systems and Analysis of the most well-known Worldwide
Developing a Green Building Rating System for Egypt
Conclusions and Recommendations
4- Materials and Resources 10 Possible Points
•Storage and Collection of Recyclables•Building Reuse•Construction Waste Management•Materials Reuse•Recycled Content•Regional Materials•Rapidly Renewable Materials•Certified Wood
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History of Environmental Architecture
The Environmental Architecture Theories and Principles
Green Building Rating Systems and Analysis of the most well-known Worldwide
Developing a Green Building Rating System for Egypt
Conclusions and Recommendations
5- Indoor Environmental Quality15 Possible Points
•IAQ Performance•Environmental Tobacco Smoke
(ETS) Control•Outdoor Air Delivery
Monitoring•Increased Ventilation•Construction IAQ Management
Plan•Low-Emitting Materials•Controllability of Systems•Thermal Comfort•Daylighting and Views
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History of Environmental Architecture
The Environmental Architecture Theories and Principles
Green Building Rating Systems and Analysis of the most well-known Worldwide
Developing a Green Building Rating System for Egypt
Conclusions and Recommendations
LEED for New Construction (LEED NC)
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History of Environmental Architecture
The Environmental Architecture Theories and Principles
Green Building Rating Systems and Analysis of the most well-known Worldwide
Developing a Green Building Rating System for Egypt
Conclusions and Recommendations
HOW TO IMPLEMENT LEED THROUGH DIFFERENT STAGES OF A PROJECT ??
HOW TO IMPLEMENT LEED THROUGH DIFFERENT STAGES OF A PROJECT ??
Design Stage
Construction Stage
Documentation Stage
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History of Environmental Architecture
The Environmental Architecture Theories and Principles
Green Building Rating Systems and Analysis of the most well-known Worldwide
Developing a Green Building Rating System for Egypt
Conclusions and Recommendations
BUILDING RESEARCH ESTABLISHMENT’S ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT METHOD (BREEAM)
Over 115,000 buildings certifiedNearly 700,000 registered As of 2008
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History of Environmental Architecture
The Environmental Architecture Theories and Principles
Green Building Rating Systems and Analysis of the most well-known Worldwide
Developing a Green Building Rating System for Egypt
Conclusions and Recommendations
Building Research Establishment’s Environmental Assessment Method (BREEAM)
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History of Environmental Architecture
The Environmental Architecture Theories and Principles
Green Building Rating Systems and Analysis of the most well-known Worldwide
Developing a Green Building Rating System for Egypt
Conclusions and Recommendations
Comprehensive Assessment System for Built Environment Efficiency (CASBEE)
The number of certified buildings is 80As of 2009
CASBEE Different Rating Systems for Different Project
Types
CASBEE for Pre-design
CASBEE for New Construction
CASBEE for Existing Building
CASBEE for Renovation
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History of Environmental Architecture
The Environmental Architecture Theories and Principles
Green Building Rating Systems and Analysis of the most well-known Worldwide
Developing a Green Building Rating System for Egypt
Conclusions and Recommendations Egypt CO2 Emissions by Sector
1- Buildings (Electricity + Heat + Construction) = 42%2- Industry = 25%3 - Transportation= 21%4- Other = 12%
Source: Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency (EEAA)
Developing a Green Building Rating System for Egypt
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History of Environmental Architecture
The Environmental Architecture Theories and Principles
Green Building Rating Systems and Analysis of the most well-known Worldwide
Developing a Green Building Rating System for Egypt
Conclusions and Recommendations
The Impacts of Buildingson Egypt Resources
40% Primary Energy Use
62% Electricity Consumption
42% CO2 Emissions
12% Potable Water Consumption
Source: Egypt State of Environment Report 2008
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History of Environmental Architecture
The Environmental Architecture Theories and Principles
Green Building Rating Systems and Analysis of the most well-known Worldwide
Developing a Green Building Rating System for Egypt
Conclusions and Recommendations
CO2 Emissions per Capita
Energy Consumption
1-Energy and Atmosphere
Credit Categories Overview
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History of Environmental Architecture
The Environmental Architecture Theories and Principles
Green Building Rating Systems and Analysis of the most well-known Worldwide
Developing a Green Building Rating System for Egypt
Conclusions and Recommendations
2-Sustainable Sites(Land use and Ecology)
Agriculture lost its position as the dominant economic sector
1960 the Agricultural exports was 87% of all merchandise export value
1974 fell to 35%
2001 dropped to 11%
Source: Egyptian Agriculture by Lowell N. Lewis
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History of Environmental Architecture
The Environmental Architecture Theories and Principles
Green Building Rating Systems and Analysis of the most well-known Worldwide
Developing a Green Building Rating System for Egypt
Conclusions and Recommendations
3-Indoor Environmental QualityBased on methodologies and risk assessments from similarcountries, it is estimated that 85,000-180,000 disability-adjusted life year (DALYs) are lost annually due to indoor air pollution.
Source: Cost of Environmental Degradation by CategoryBy Mediterranean Environmental Technical Assistance Program (METAP)
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History of Environmental Architecture
The Environmental Architecture Theories and Principles
Green Building Rating Systems and Analysis of the most well-known Worldwide
Developing a Green Building Rating System for Egypt
Conclusions and Recommendations
4-Materials and ResourcesSolid Waste:Total quantity of generated municipal solid wastes (household only) in Egypt is estimated with 20 million tons annually (more than 700 gm per capita), that is daily generation estimated with 55000 tons. As collection and transport efficiency do not exceed 65%, this leads to daily accumulations of these wastes within residential areas and vacant lands. Furthermore recycling is not undertaken safely and soundly which exposes citizens and workers to several health risks. It is noteworthy that most landfills, where final disposal of such wastes takes place are exposed to intentionally or self burn, which exposes ambient environment to risks and worsen their conditions , in addition that necessary equipment are not available in these sites for wastes’ coverage to prevent such burning.
Source: Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency (EEAA)
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History of Environmental Architecture
The Environmental Architecture Theories and Principles
Green Building Rating Systems and Analysis of the most well-known Worldwide
Developing a Green Building Rating System for Egypt
Conclusions and Recommendations
Water Scarcity for the Nile Basin States5-Water Efficiency
Source: www.africanwater.org
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History of Environmental Architecture
The Environmental Architecture Theories and Principles
Green Building Rating Systems and Analysis of the most well-known Worldwide
Developing a Green Building Rating System for Egypt
Conclusions and Recommendations
Map details Global Water Stressed Countries
Source: News, BBC. "Map details global water stress ." 2006
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History of Environmental Architecture
The Environmental Architecture Theories and Principles
Green Building Rating Systems and Analysis of the most well-known Worldwide
Developing a Green Building Rating System for Egypt
Conclusions and Recommendations
6-ManagementManagement policy, commissioning, site management and procurement
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History of Environmental Architecture
The Environmental Architecture Theories and Principles
Green Building Rating Systems and Analysis of the most well-known Worldwide
Developing a Green Building Rating System for Egypt
Conclusions and Recommendations
7-PollutionBlack Cloud
Source: Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency (EEAA)
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History of Environmental Architecture
The Environmental Architecture Theories and Principles
Green Building Rating Systems and Analysis of the most well-known Worldwide
Developing a Green Building Rating System for Egypt
Conclusions and Recommendations
8-Transport
Egypt CO2 Emissions by Sector
Source: Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency (EEAA)
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History of Environmental Architecture
The Environmental Architecture Theories and Principles
Green Building Rating Systems and Analysis of the most well-known Worldwide
Developing a Green Building Rating System for Egypt
Conclusions and Recommendations
9-Architectural DesignArchitectural Design has a major affect on buildings’ sustainability and environmental efficiency. If a building is well-designed and takes into consideration all environmental aspects from the very beginning, it will positively affect the electro-mechanical work afterwards and eventually will result in less energy consumption, and a reduction to all the resources needed.
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History of Environmental Architecture
The Environmental Architecture Theories and Principles
Green Building Rating Systems and Analysis of the most well-known Worldwide
Developing a Green Building Rating System for Egypt
Conclusions and Recommendations
EgyptianArchitecture
Conclusion & Recommendations
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History of Environmental Architecture
The Environmental Architecture Theories and Principles
Green Building Rating Systems and Analysis of the most well-known Worldwide
Developing a Green Building Rating System for Egypt
Conclusions and Recommendations
2-Sustainable Sites 3-Indoor Environmental
Quality
4-Materials and Resources
5-Water Efficiency 6-Management
7-Pollution 8-Transport 9-Architectural Design
1-Energy and Atmosphere
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History of Environmental Architecture
The Environmental Architecture Theories and Principles
Green Building Rating Systems and Analysis of the most well-known Worldwide
Developing a Green Building Rating System for Egypt
Conclusions and Recommendations
RecommendationsEssential factor for the implementation of a Green Building Rating System in Egypt • Raising awareness across all sectors of the building industry.
• Government providing incentives for the adoption and application of environmentally beneficial issues.Incentives may include tax reduction, priority benefits, etc…
• To incorporate Green Building criteria, mentioned before, into the existing building codes.
• Proper enforcement and regular supervision of the application of Green Building Criteria.
• Introduction of Green Building criteria into the education modules of different engineering disciplines.
• Building the capacities of all parties and sectors involved in the building industry, including practitioners, relevant government bodies and academia.