Introduction to Green Introduction to Green Buildings Buildings

Defining SustainabilityDefining Sustainability

United Nations World Commission on United Nations World Commission on Environment and DevelopmentEnvironment and Development

– ““Development that meets the needs of Development that meets the needs of present generations without present generations without compromising the ability of future compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.”generations to meet their own needs.”

Defining Green BuildingsDefining Green Buildings

Design and construction practices that Design and construction practices that significantly reduce, or eliminate the significantly reduce, or eliminate the negative impact of buildings on the negative impact of buildings on the environment and its occupants with regard environment and its occupants with regard to site planning; safeguarding water use to site planning; safeguarding water use and water use efficiency; promoting and water use efficiency; promoting energy efficiency and renewable energy; energy efficiency and renewable energy; conserving materials and resources; and conserving materials and resources; and promoting indoor environmental quality.” promoting indoor environmental quality.”

(US Green Building Council)(US Green Building Council)

Construction ImpactsConstruction Impacts 76 million residential buildings in US76 million residential buildings in US 5 million commercial buildings in US5 million commercial buildings in US consume 40 % or raw materialsconsume 40 % or raw materials 32% total energy produced32% total energy produced 17% fresh water17% fresh water 25% global wood harvest25% global wood harvest 5 billion gals water/day just for toilets5 billion gals water/day just for toilets generates generates

– 25-40% of municipal solid waste from C&D25-40% of municipal solid waste from C&D– 50% of US CFC production50% of US CFC production– 30% of US CO2 production30% of US CO2 production

Building Operations ImpactsBuilding Operations Impacts 49% of Sulfur Dioxide emissions49% of Sulfur Dioxide emissions 25% nitrous oxide emissions25% nitrous oxide emissions 10% of all particulate matter10% of all particulate matter 1/3 of all energy consumption in US1/3 of all energy consumption in US 2/3 of all electricity consumption in US2/3 of all electricity consumption in US disturbs natural habitatsdisturbs natural habitats contaminates air, soil, and watercontaminates air, soil, and water depletes non-renewable resourcesdepletes non-renewable resources ½ of greenhouse gases½ of greenhouse gases 35% of carbon dioxide emissions35% of carbon dioxide emissions community issuescommunity issues occupant issuesoccupant issues

– sources: “The Architecture of Sustainability, 2002”, World Watch Institute, USGBCsources: “The Architecture of Sustainability, 2002”, World Watch Institute, USGBC

Key Issues and BenefitsKey Issues and Benefits InstitutionInstitution Building CommissioningBuilding Commissioning Air QualityAir Quality Occupants productivity Occupants productivity

and well beingand well being Energy ConservationEnergy Conservation Water ConservationWater Conservation Storm Water Storm Water

ManagementManagement Waste ManagementWaste Management Local & State Standards Local & State Standards

& Programs& Programs

Green ethics / commitment Green ethics / commitment Research and Grant Research and Grant

opportunitiesopportunities Being a leader (as it Being a leader (as it

should)should) Responsibility to show Responsibility to show

importanceimportance Competitive advantage Competitive advantage

(ie – recruiting)(ie – recruiting) Institutional community Institutional community

demanddemand Great public relationsGreat public relations

Overall Financial BenefitsOverall Financial Benefits

EnergyEnergy WaterWater WastewaterWastewater Reduced WasteReduced Waste Improved Indoor Improved Indoor

Environmental QualityEnvironmental Quality Greater Employee Greater Employee

Comfort/ProductivityComfort/Productivity Reduced Employee Reduced Employee

Health CostsHealth Costs

Lower Operation and Lower Operation and Maintenance CostsMaintenance Costs

Competitive First Competitive First CostsCosts– Through integrated Through integrated

design & synergiesdesign & synergies Increased Value & ROIIncreased Value & ROI Marketing AdvantageMarketing Advantage Reduced LiabilityReduced Liability

– Improve Risk Improve Risk ManagementManagement

– Insurance costsInsurance costs

Overall Financial BenefitsOverall Financial Benefits

Financial Benefits of a Green Building Financial Benefits of a Green Building equate to $50-$70 SF over lifetimeequate to $50-$70 SF over lifetime

Over 10X return on any premium cost Over 10X return on any premium cost associated with building it over lifetimeassociated with building it over lifetime

Source: USGBCSource: USGBC

Air QualityAir Quality

Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) – effect the Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) – effect the contents of the inside air has on a contents of the inside air has on a structure and its occupantsstructure and its occupants

People spend 90% of their time indoorsPeople spend 90% of their time indoors

Indoor air has 10-100X higher pollutants Indoor air has 10-100X higher pollutants than outdoor airthan outdoor air

USEPA “Indoor Air Quality” Jan, 6 2003USEPA “Indoor Air Quality” Jan, 6 2003

Energy Conservation Energy Conservation

US uses 25% of world energy but only has US uses 25% of world energy but only has 5% of population & 95% of our energy is 5% of population & 95% of our energy is from fossil fuels from fossil fuels (US Energy Information Administration)(US Energy Information Administration)

Higher Education - $2 Billion/year on energyHigher Education - $2 Billion/year on energy(American School & University)(American School & University)

Most can reduce by up to 30% - savings can Most can reduce by up to 30% - savings can be used on:be used on:– New facultyNew faculty– Upgrades/renovations for more savingsUpgrades/renovations for more savings– New programsNew programs

Water ConservationWater Conservation

USA uses 340 billion gallons of fresh USA uses 340 billion gallons of fresh water per daywater per day

Nearly 65% is discharged into Nearly 65% is discharged into waterwayswaterways

Energy Policy Act of 1992 Energy Policy Act of 1992 Facilities can easily reduce use by Facilities can easily reduce use by

20-30% with little cost and effort20-30% with little cost and effort Water & Sewer BillsWater & Sewer Bills Connection Fees & Tax Base Connection Fees & Tax Base

Occupants Well Being and Occupants Well Being and ProductivityProductivity

Relationship exists between worker Relationship exists between worker comfort/productivity and building comfort/productivity and building design/operationdesign/operation

Hidden sick days – higher absenteeism, Hidden sick days – higher absenteeism, respiratory ailments, allergies, asthma = respiratory ailments, allergies, asthma = lower productivity, higher insurance and lower productivity, higher insurance and medical costs medical costs

A 1% increase in productivity (about 5 A 1% increase in productivity (about 5 minutes per day) equals $600-700 per minutes per day) equals $600-700 per employee per year - a ^1.5% equals about employee per year - a ^1.5% equals about $1,000/yr $1,000/yr

(Katz 2003 study)(Katz 2003 study)

Mythology About First Costs Mythology About First Costs Common Perception when we started was Common Perception when we started was

+20-30%+20-30%

Past & Current TrendPast & Current Trend

Recent StudiesRecent Studies– Average Premium <2% or $3-$5 SFAverage Premium <2% or $3-$5 SF– Most of cost associated with increased Most of cost associated with increased

architectural and engineering design, time, architectural and engineering design, time, modeling and integration timemodeling and integration time

– Earlier you integrate the lower the costEarlier you integrate the lower the cost

Mythology About First CostsMythology About First Costs

Source: USGBC, Capital E AnalysisSource: USGBC, Capital E Analysis

02468

Percent Cost Increase

Basic Gold

Level of LEED Certification

Average Green Cost Premium vs. Level of Green Certification

Average Green CostPremium (in percent)

Mythology About First CostsMythology About First Costs Another recent study has shown the Another recent study has shown the

following average increase in project following average increase in project construction costs, on a percentage basis construction costs, on a percentage basis for LEED certification.for LEED certification.– Certified Certified 0 – 2.5%0 – 2.5%– Silver Silver 0 – 3.3%0 – 3.3%– GoldGold 0.3 – 5.0%0.3 – 5.0%– PlatinumPlatinum 4.5 – 8.5%4.5 – 8.5%

Start Early – Save CostsStart Early – Save Costs

Source: Sasaki Associates 2004Source: Sasaki Associates 2004

Mythology About First CostsMythology About First Costs Building green can be done for no additional costBuilding green can be done for no additional cost Initial premium costs are entirely up to you and Initial premium costs are entirely up to you and

project specificproject specific LEED buildings average only a 2-3% increase in LEED buildings average only a 2-3% increase in

costs, but can be done for the same budget as costs, but can be done for the same budget as traditional buildings with planningtraditional buildings with planning

Savings from green building’s more than return Savings from green building’s more than return any premium you may choose to put into itany premium you may choose to put into it

Design Fees will be higher but construction costs Design Fees will be higher but construction costs may be reducedmay be reduced

Set Budget first then work fees within frameworkSet Budget first then work fees within framework

General MythologiesGeneral Mythologies Appearance of Green BuildingsAppearance of Green Buildings

– You design it to look how you want. It can easily match traditional You design it to look how you want. It can easily match traditional campus design or not.campus design or not.

– Carpet, furniture and windows do not have to look different. They Carpet, furniture and windows do not have to look different. They can look like traditional ones only they perform better and are can look like traditional ones only they perform better and are healthier.healthier.

– Does not need to be high tech to be green.Does not need to be high tech to be green. TimeTime

– Green Buildings take the same amount of time to construct as Green Buildings take the same amount of time to construct as regular buildings. More time may be required in the Design phase regular buildings. More time may be required in the Design phase though.though.

CostsCosts– Green Buildings do not have to cost more. With planning they can Green Buildings do not have to cost more. With planning they can

be built at the same price or less.be built at the same price or less.– Design fees may be higher in the beginning of the project but the Design fees may be higher in the beginning of the project but the

extra design work will lower the actual construction costs. In the extra design work will lower the actual construction costs. In the end the building costs the same and fits in the traditional budget. end the building costs the same and fits in the traditional budget.

Normal: 2 + 2 = 4Normal: 2 + 2 = 4 Green: 3 + 1 = 4Green: 3 + 1 = 4

– Long term maintenance and operations costs can be reduced by 20 Long term maintenance and operations costs can be reduced by 20 – 50% with good planning.– 50% with good planning.

Green Buildings at USCGreen Buildings at USC West Quad Residence West Quad Residence

Hall & Learning CenterHall & Learning Center School of Public HealthSchool of Public Health Library Rare Books Library Rare Books

Collection & Modern Collection & Modern Political WingsPolitical Wings

Law SchoolLaw School New Honors CollegeNew Honors College Gamma Phi Beta Gamma Phi Beta

SororitySorority New Student Health New Student Health

CenterCenter

Baseball StadiumBaseball Stadium Horizon BuildingsHorizon Buildings Biomedical BuildingsBiomedical Buildings Arnold IIArnold II Band/Dance BuildingBand/Dance Building Innovista Innovista

West QuadWest Quad

West QuadWest Quad $30.9M project cost - $30.9M project cost -

$25M const. cost$25M const. cost 177,000 SF - 177,000 SF -

$141.24/sf$141.24/sf SAME COSTSAME COST & Time & Time 502 bed spaces – 4 502 bed spaces – 4

buildingsbuildings Residential, office, Residential, office,

academic & retail academic & retail spacesspaces

Goal of LEED Silver – Goal of LEED Silver – AchievedAchieved

Reduced Construction Reduced Construction & Change Order Costs& Change Order Costs

45%-55% More 45%-55% More Energy Efficient = Energy Efficient = over $50,000 savings over $50,000 savings annuallyannually

20% more Water 20% more Water Efficient = $ 3900+ Efficient = $ 3900+ savings annuallysavings annually

Residents comment Residents comment on improved health on improved health and productivityand productivity

West Quad at USCWest Quad at USC Selected “Green” Project ParticularsSelected “Green” Project Particulars

– Designed to be 40% more energy efficient and to Designed to be 40% more energy efficient and to use 20% less wateruse 20% less water

– ““Green” roof on Learning CenterGreen” roof on Learning Center– Fuel Cell for supplemental electricity & hot waterFuel Cell for supplemental electricity & hot water– Solar pre-heating for domestic hot waterSolar pre-heating for domestic hot water– Low VOC paints and carpets & 100% Fresh AirLow VOC paints and carpets & 100% Fresh Air– Daylighting in all buildingsDaylighting in all buildings

Building orientationBuilding orientation Light shelves for shading and natural lighting Light shelves for shading and natural lighting

on southern exposureson southern exposures Light wells on Learning CenterLight wells on Learning Center

– ““Green” board in case good furnishingsGreen” board in case good furnishings– Total storm water management integrationTotal storm water management integration

US Green Building US Green Building Council (USGBC)Council (USGBC)

Leadership in Energy Leadership in Energy

& Environmental Design& Environmental Design

(LEED)(LEED)

USGBC’s MISSION: USGBC’s MISSION:

to promote the design and construction to promote the design and construction of buildings that are environmentally of buildings that are environmentally responsible, profitable, and healthy responsible, profitable, and healthy places to live and work. places to live and work.

The organization’s activities…The organization’s activities… IntegrateIntegrate building industry sectors building industry sectors LeadLead market transformation market transformation EducateEducate owners and practitioners owners and practitioners

USGBC is...USGBC is...

A national nonprofit organization A national nonprofit organization A diverse membership of organizationsA diverse membership of organizations Consensus-drivenConsensus-driven Committee-based product developmentCommittee-based product development Developer and administrator of the Developer and administrator of the

LEEDLEED®® Green Building Rating System Green Building Rating System

What is “Green” Design?What is “Green” Design?Design and construction practices that significantly reduce or eliminate the negative impact of buildings on the environment and occupants in five broad areas:

Sustainable site planning Safeguarding water and water efficiency Energy efficiency and renewable energy Conservation of materials and resources Indoor environmental quality

Leadership in Energy & Environmental DesignLeadership in Energy & Environmental Design®®

A leading-edge system for designing, constructing, operating and certifying the world’s greenest buildings.

Why Was LEEDWhy Was LEED®® Created?Created?Why Was LEEDWhy Was LEED

®® Created?Created?

Use as a design guideline Recognize leaders Stimulate green competition Establish market value with recognizable

national “brand” Raise consumer awareness Transform the marketplace!

Facilitate positive results for the environment, occupant health and financial return

Define “green” by providing a standard for measurement

Prevent “greenwashing” (false or exaggerated claims)

Promote whole-building, integrated design processes

Why Was LEEDWhy Was LEED®® Created?Created?Why Was LEEDWhy Was LEED

®® Created?Created?

Registered Projects by State - Top 10Registered Projects by State - Top 10

As of 05.02.05 All statistics exclude pilot projects

LEED-NCLEED-NC®® Market Market TransformationTransformation

0

5000000

10000000

15000000

20000000

25000000

30000000

35000000

306 107 102 100 90 76 73 68 68 62

CA PA WA NY OR TX MA IL MI VA

State and Number of Projects

Gro

ss S

qu

are

Fee

t-G

SF

)

LEED-NCLEED-NC®® Market Market TransformationTransformation

Registered Projects by State - Top 10Registered Projects by State - Top 10

Where does the Southeast stand?Where does the Southeast stand?

Georgia – 62Georgia – 62 South Carolina - 56South Carolina - 56 North Carolina – 42North Carolina – 42

LEED-NCLEED-NC®® Point Distribution Point Distribution

Water

Efficiency

8%Energy &

Atmosphere

27%

Materials &

Resources

20%

Sustainable

Sites

22%

Indoor

Environmental

Quality

23%

Five LEED credit categories

ResourcesResources www.usgbc.org – US Green Building Council – US Green Building Council www.usgbc.org/Resources/links.asp - Extensive Resource List- Extensive Resource List www.greenerbuildings.com The HOK Guidebook to Sustainable DesignThe HOK Guidebook to Sustainable Design WWW.Oikos.com - bookstore - bookstore www.iso.org – ISO 14001 EMSwww.iso.org – ISO 14001 EMS www.epa.gov/ems/index.htm - EPA’s EMS sitewww.epa.gov/ems/index.htm - EPA’s EMS site www.doe.gov – US DOEwww.doe.gov – US DOE

www.epa.gov – US EPAwww.epa.gov – US EPA www.housing.sc.edu/westquadhandbook.aspwww.housing.sc.edu/westquadhandbook.asp - West Quad - West Quad

HandbookHandbook www.sc.edu/sustainableu - Sustainable Universities Initiative (SUI)www.sc.edu/sustainableu - Sustainable Universities Initiative (SUI) www.buildinggreen.com – Environmental Building Newswww.buildinggreen.com – Environmental Building News www.edcmag.com – Environmental Design & Constructionwww.edcmag.com – Environmental Design & Construction www.gbapgh.org – Green Building Alliancewww.gbapgh.org – Green Building Alliance www.southface.org/web/earthcraft_house/ech_main/ech_index.htm - Earth www.southface.org/web/earthcraft_house/ech_main/ech_index.htm - Earth

Craft HomesCraft Homes www.greenglobes.com – Green Globeswww.greenglobes.com – Green Globes

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