Greek and Roman Art Greek and Roman Art OutlineOutline

Aegean ArtAegean Art

– MinoanMinoan On the island of On the island of CreteCrete.. RichestRichest of the Aegean civilizations – created a of the Aegean civilizations – created a

luxuriousluxurious, , relaxedrelaxed way of life. way of life. Palace of MinosPalace of Minos at Knossos at Knossos

– Many rooms, Many rooms, running waterrunning water, a , a sewage systemsewage system, theater., theater.– Decorated with Decorated with frescosfrescos – plaster wall paintings. – plaster wall paintings.– Bull DanceBull Dance

Aegean ArtAegean Art

ComfortComfort and and decorationdecoration were important.were important.

Sculpture was Sculpture was smallsmall– Snake GoddessSnake Goddess – carved from – carved from

ivory and decorated with ivory and decorated with gold gold bands.bands.

Aegean ArtAegean Art

– MycenaeanMycenaean FortressFortress instead instead

of Palaceof Palace Blocks were so Blocks were so

large they were large they were thought to be thought to be built by built by CyclopesCyclopes..

Lion GateLion Gate– Main GateMain Gate at at

MycenaeMycenae– Lintel StoneLintel Stone – –

horizontal stone horizontal stone above gate.above gate.

Aegean ArtAegean Art

Funeral MaskFuneral Mask– Thin sheet of beaten Thin sheet of beaten

goldgold..– Used to cover the face of Used to cover the face of

the dead.the dead. Vaphio CupVaphio Cup

– Formed by Formed by pushing outpushing out from the inside.from the inside.

– Made from Made from goldgold

– Both civilizations Both civilizations ended abruptlyended abruptly and and were considered were considered mythologicalmythological for a long for a long time.time.

Greek ArtGreek Art

The The human beinghuman being was placed at the center of was placed at the center of Greek culture.Greek culture.

Greeks encouraged all forms of artGreeks encouraged all forms of art ProportionProportion, balance, and , balance, and unityunity were key ideals. were key ideals. The The human bodyhuman body was considered beautiful and was considered beautiful and

perfectly proportioned.perfectly proportioned. Art work is lost due to Art work is lost due to warwar, invasion and , invasion and neglectneglect.. Greeks influenced Greeks influenced mathematicsmathematics, government, , government,

philosophyphilosophy and and medicinemedicine.. Major periods of Art History.Major periods of Art History.

– 600-480 BC – 600-480 BC – ArchaicArchaic– 480-323 BC – 480-323 BC – ClassicalClassical– Hellenistic.Hellenistic.

Greek SculptureGreek Sculpture

Archaic PeriodArchaic Period– KourosKouros – young – young

man, ideal man, ideal athleteathlete

– KoreKore – woman – woman– Figures are Figures are

stylizedstylized and and idealideal Kritios BoyKritios Boy – 480 – 480

BCBC– Free standingFree standing– Uses Uses ContrapostoContraposto

– weight on one – weight on one leg, S-curve of leg, S-curve of the bodythe body

Greek SculptureGreek Sculpture

Art begins to flourish Art begins to flourish during the Classic during the Classic Period.Period.

Charioteer of DelphiCharioteer of Delphi – – 470 BC470 BC– Cast in bronzeCast in bronze– Cloth folds, muscles, and Cloth folds, muscles, and

facial features are facial features are naturalnatural..

– Archaic smile is replaced Archaic smile is replaced by by calmcalm, , dignifieddignified look. look.

Greek SculptureGreek Sculpture

Age of PericlesAge of Pericles– Decoration of Parthenon is the most Decoration of Parthenon is the most ambitiousambitious project of project of

the Greeks.the Greeks. All sculptures are created during All sculptures are created during 12 years12 years under the under the

direction of direction of PhidiasPhidias.. Many of the works were destroyed by Many of the works were destroyed by warwar.. Lord ElginLord Elgin rescued what was left and brought them to rescued what was left and brought them to

England in 1801.England in 1801.– Three GoddessesThree Goddesses

Natural folds of fabric Natural folds of fabric clingcling to the body. to the body. Located in Located in pedimentpediment – flat triangle area above – flat triangle area above

columns.columns.

Greek SculptureGreek Sculpture

Hellenistic PeriodHellenistic Period– Became more concerned Became more concerned

with with actionaction and and emotionemotion..– Dying GaulDying Gaul – 230-220 BC – 230-220 BC

Roman copy in marbleRoman copy in marble Life-SizeLife-Size Shows ethnic featuresShows ethnic features

– Nike of SamothraceNike of Samothrace One of the greatest One of the greatest

Hellenistic sculpturesHellenistic sculptures Symbol of Symbol of Winged Winged

Victory.Victory.

Greek ArchitectureGreek Architecture Sought Sought harmonyharmony and and proportionproportion in buildings. in buildings. Public was not allowed in temples, so exteriors were Public was not allowed in temples, so exteriors were

elaborateelaborate.. Systems of construction are called Systems of construction are called “the orders”“the orders”

– DoricDoric – simple, slightly curved square. – simple, slightly curved square.– IonicIonic – spiral shaped, delicate. – spiral shaped, delicate.– CorinthianCorinthian – most elaborate. – most elaborate.

All of the temples were constructed without All of the temples were constructed without mortarmortar or or cementcement.. Stones were Stones were cut cut to fit togetherto fit together

Greek ArchitectureGreek Architecture ParthenonParthenon

– Doric styleDoric style– Architects – Architects – IktinusIktinus and and

KallikratesKallikrates. Built it from . Built it from 448-432 BC448-432 BC

– ColumnsColumns lean slightly lean slightly inward and corner inward and corner columns are closer columns are closer together to give a together to give a feeling of harmony, feeling of harmony, balance and unity.balance and unity.

– Athena was placed in a Athena was placed in a cellacella – a room where – a room where the statue of the God the statue of the God was kept.was kept.

Greek ArchitectureGreek Architecture

Temple of Athena Temple of Athena NikeNike

– 423-424 BC423-424 BC– Ionic styleIonic style– Well preservedWell preserved

Temple of Olympian Temple of Olympian ZeusZeus

– Corinthian styleCorinthian style– Only a small portion Only a small portion

remains today.remains today.

Greek PaintingsGreek Paintings Large and colorful paintings decorated their homes but not Large and colorful paintings decorated their homes but not

even one exists today.even one exists today. Paintings today exist only on Paintings today exist only on vasesvases.. HydriaHydria – large water jug. – large water jug. Artists signed pottery.Artists signed pottery. MosaicsMosaics

– Battle of IssusBattle of Issus – a – a Roman copyRoman copy of a Greek painting. of a Greek painting.– Only used Only used fourfour colors colors – red, yellow, white and black.– red, yellow, white and black.

Roman ArtRoman Art

Expanded control in every direction.Expanded control in every direction. Spread their laws, Spread their laws, religionreligion, customs, , customs,

ability to organizeability to organize, and the Latin , and the Latin language.language.

Admired Admired Greek Greek sculpture.sculpture. Greatest contribution to art was in Greatest contribution to art was in

architecture.architecture. Excelled in Excelled in constructionconstruction, , planningplanning and and

engineering.engineering.

Roman Architecture Roman Architecture The ColosseumThe Colosseum

– Three Three emperorsemperors were involved were involved in the construction: Vespasian, in the construction: Vespasian, Titus, and Domitian.Titus, and Domitian.

– Originally designed for the Originally designed for the staging of lavish spectacles, staging of lavish spectacles, most particularly for battles most particularly for battles between between animalsanimals and and gladiatorsgladiators..

– 50,00050,000 Romans could fit inside. Romans could fit inside.– The outer wall is The outer wall is sixteen storiessixteen stories

high.high.

Roman ArchitectureRoman Architecture

The ColosseumThe Colosseum– The The archarch is a curved is a curved

architectural element architectural element used to span an opening.used to span an opening.

– The The vaultvault is an arched is an arched roof or covering made of roof or covering made of brick, stone or concrete.brick, stone or concrete.

– A A velariumvelarium, or awning, , or awning, was used to protect the was used to protect the spectators from sun or spectators from sun or rain.rain.

– The grandest of all Roman The grandest of all Roman structures.structures.

Roman ArchitectureRoman Architecture

The PantheonThe Pantheon– Built to honor all the Built to honor all the godsgods..– The walls of the building are over The walls of the building are over 20 feet20 feet

thick and massive enough to support a thick and massive enough to support a tremendous tremendous domedome..

– The only source of light is from an The only source of light is from an oculusoculus – – a single round, eye-like opening at the a single round, eye-like opening at the top.top.

Roman Roman ArchitectureArchitecture

AqueductsAqueducts– Rome had Rome had 1111..– Supplied Supplied 350 million350 million gallons of water a day. gallons of water a day.– Dates back to 312 BCDates back to 312 BC– It is now partially ruined.It is now partially ruined.

Roman Sculpture Roman Sculpture

Used original portrait Used original portrait sculpture to honor sculpture to honor their their emperorsemperors..

The Roman LegislatorThe Roman Legislator – 125 AD– 125 AD– Illustrates the Illustrates the

importance placed on importance placed on realismrealism in the later in the later Roman style.Roman style.

– Makes Makes no attemptno attempt to to minimize the wrinkled minimize the wrinkled and sagging skin.and sagging skin.

Roman SculptureRoman Sculpture

The Column of TrajanThe Column of Trajan– Rises over Rises over 130 feet.130 feet.– Originally held a statue of Originally held a statue of

Trajan on top, now holds a Trajan on top, now holds a statue of statue of Saint Peter.Saint Peter.