• Greece was devastated after the Trojan War.

• Fear and starvation forced people to cooperate for survival.

• City-States were formed, saving Greek culture.

• Sparta was dominated by the military.

• Devoted to the god of war, Ares.

• Sparta was led by two different

kings but reported to aristocrats.

• Little interest in farming,

business, or education.

• Extreme choices were

made to ensure discipline

and obedience.

• Men spent entire lives

in military training.

• Felt comforts made

people weak.

• Spartan women had

more rights than other

Greek women.

• Housework was

given to slaves.

• Controlled people through

force and refused change.

• Sparta’s main rival was Athens.

• Began as small trade port on Aegean Sea.

• Focused on education,

the arts, business, and

government to improve city.

• Devoted to Athena,

goddess of wisdom.

• Athens began as a rich oligarchy, but people were upset and rebelled.

• A tyrant, or dictator, took over.

• People once again rebelled and established the first democracy.

• Democracy allows people to rule themselves.

• “Citizens” had the right to

participate in making decisions.

• All “citizens:”

– Were equal under the law.

– Had free speech.

– Had the right to vote.

• The representative and direct versions

of Democracy were copied by the U.S.

• Athens focused on reforms and

improvement to further society.

• Worked on mind and body.

• Athenian boys received education

and physical training.

• Athenian women had little

to no rights at all.

• Sparta and Athens were extremely different.

• Athens grew rich and powerful

through trade and reform.

• Sparta grew powerful through

military strength and fear.

• The two city-states were forced to

unite against threat; the Persians.