greece vs. persia · rough draft final draft. history alive p. 272-277 storyboard sequence monday...

Greece vs. Persia

Persia vs. Greece

Where is Persia?

• THE VICTORY OVER THE MEDES MARKED THE BEGINNING OF THE PERSIAN EMPIRE ( 550 BCE)

• THE PERSIAN EMPIRE WAS THE LARGEST EMPIRE IN THE WORLD, EXTENDING FROM ASIA MINOR TO INDIA, FROM THE CASPIAN SEA TO EGYPT AND ARABIA.

• MILITARY STRATEGY AND TRAINING MADE IT POSSIBLE FOR THEM TO CONQUER THEIR OPPONENTS AND EXPAND THE EMPIRE.

THE PERSIAN EMPIRE (553 BC – C. 479 BC)

• MILITARY STRATEGY AND TRAINING MADE IT POSSIBLE FOR THEM TO CONQUER THEIR OPPONENTS AND EXPAND THE EMPIRE.

• PERSIAN WARRIORS BECAME KNOWN AS THE TEN THOUSAND IMMORTALS, BECAUSE WHEN ONE WARRIOR DIED, ANOTHER WAS THERE TO TAKE HIS PLACE ON THE BATTLEFIELD.

• THE PERSIAN CAVALRY WAS A POWERFUL GROUP OF WARRIORS THAT WERE MADE UP OF NOBLES, TRAINED FROM A VERY YOUNG AGE TO RIDE HORSES AND SHOOT ARROWS FROM HORSEBACK.

MILITARY MIGHT OF PERSIAN EMPIRE

Cyrus the Great/ Cyrus II Darius the Great/Darius I

THE KEY LEADERS IN THE SUCCESS OF PERSIAN EMPIRE

Darius claimed the throne at a time that the Persian Empire’s growth and dominance was at risk.

Darius was known for...• Restoring order in Persia

• Dividing persia into political divisions/provinces • ( like the states within the United States). This

division made it possible to manage a massive empire.

• Making improvements to Persian society ( built roads & created messenger system)

DARIUS THE GREAT/ DARIUS I (521 BC-486 BC)

• The greeks started to feel the pressure of the Persians wanting to expand their territory into Greece.

• The Greeks became irritated and began to revolt against Persia. Persia suppressed the revolt and gave Greece an ultimatum: Submit to us or die!

• The Greeks were in a predicament…Each city-state could not stand against Persia alone, so they had to join forces…

PERSIA ATTACKS GREECE!!

Its up to you to tell their story! Do the Greek city-states combat Persia’s massive force and win??

GREECE JOIN FORCES!ATHENS AND SPARTA LEADING GREECE!

Persian Wars Storyboard ProjectYou will be creating a storyboard for how the Persian Wars unfolds. You will read about each battle of the Persian Wars and provide a summary and illustration for each.

Layout for Storyboard Frames

Frame 1: Background info/Ionian Revolt

Frame 2: Battle of Marathon

Frame 3: Battle of Thermopylae

Frame 4: Battle of Salamis

Frame 5: Battle of Plataea

Frame 6: End of the War/Map

ROUGH DRAFT FINAL DRAFT

History Alive p. 272-277Storyboard Sequence

Monday Short Story Time & Work TimeFrame 1 (Background/Ionian Revolt)

TuesdayShort Story Time & Work TimeFrame 2 (Battle of Marathon)/

Frame 3 (Thermopylae)

Wednesday Thermopylae Video

ThursdayShort Story Time & Work Time

Frame 4 (Battle of Salamis)/Frame 5 (Battle of Plataea)

Friday Short Story Time & Work TimeFrame 6 (End of the War/Map)

• Ionia was a Greek settlement.• Ionian-Greeks displaced all

non-Greeks, to reduce the risk of losing valuable farmland and harbors.

• Persians wanted the farmland and harbors for the empire and conquered Ionia in 546 B.C.E.

Ionian Revolt

• Ionian-Greeks were forced to do things that they did not want to do:o Pay taxes to Persian Empireo Serve in the military

• The Ionian-Greeks were the most displeased when the Persians overtook the trade routes that the Ionian-Greeks once controlled.

Ionian Revolt

• In 499 B.C.E, with the help of Athens and Eretria navy, rebelled against Persia.

• Darius, the Persian king, immediately acted once he heard of the revolt.

• After a 5 year long, gruesome battle, and bouts of Ionians surrendering or betraying each other, the Persians overcame the Ionian and Greek forces.

Ionian Revolt

In COMPLETE SENTENCES...1) DESCRIBE the Persian Empire, and how they became so powerful. (WHERE were they located? WHO ruled? HOW did they grow so powerful?)2) HOW did the Persians anger the Ionians? How did the Ionians fight back? 3) WHAT was the result of the revolt? ( Who won?)

Persian Empire/Ionian Revolt History Alive p. 272

Answer the questions in COMPLETE sentences

Title: Persian Empire/Ionian Revolt

The Persian Empire was _____________ and _____________. The empire was located in ________________. ruled by ___________. They became powerful by ______________ and _________________. The Persians went to war with Greece to take control of their harbors. The war began in Ionia. The Persians angered the Ionians by _________________. The Ionians fought back by _______________. The ___________ won.

• The Ionian Revolt put Darius in a foul mood and wanted revenge on the Greek city-states.

• Darius wanted Athens!!• Darius sent 200 ships, about 20,000

troops across the Aegean Sea to Marathon ( 26 miles north of Athens)

Battle of Marathon

• Athenians asked for help from the Spartans, but they decided not to aid the Athenians because of an important festival.

• Athenian generals debated on whether to face Persian forces at Athens, or meet them elsewhere before they got to Athens.

Battle of Marathon

• Athenian general Mitiades argued to meet Persia before they got to Athens, in order to give Athens better protection.

• The first two days, nothing happened: Athens did not send troops out to be slaughtered by the Persian cavalry; and the Persians did not want to risk their infantry against Athens’ foot soldiers, “Hoplites”.

Battle of Marathon

• The Persians did not want to risk Sparta arriving with reinforcements, and decide to send a fleet (of ships) south, to attack the city of Athens.

• Persia wanted its best soldiers to confront Athens, so Persia sent its cavalry with the fleet.

• Miltiades realized this and took advantage of the opportunity to strike Persia.

Battle of Marathon

• The Greeks attacked the Persian infantry while they were left alone, without their cavalry and other troops.

• The Persians lost 6,400 men, and Greeks only lost 192.

• According to Greek legend, Pheidippides ran the 26 miles from Marathon to Athens to announce their victory: the very first “marathon” runner.

Battle of Marathon

In COMPLETE SENTENCES…1) WHAT was King Darius’ goal?2) How does Miltiades organize the Greeks- WHO fought and who did not?3) WHAT was the result of the battle? ( Who won and HOW did they win? *Make sure you have a colorful picture that shows that you understand the Battle of Marathon

Battle of MarathonHistory Alive p. 273


After the Ionian Revolt King Darius made a goal to _____________________. The Athenians and ______________ fought together at the Battle of Marathon. However, _____________ did not fight. Miltiades was the ______________ for the Athenians. He was smart and organized the greeks by ______________. The Greeks ______________ the battle by ______________________.

Title: Battle of Marathon

• When preparing for another attack on mainland Greece, Darius dies.

• Xerxes becomes king, and was determined to conquer Greece.

• 250,000 soldiers and 600 ships were sent to Greece.

Battle of Thermopylae

• Xerxes also built a 33 mile long bridge made of boats tied together with ropes called a Hellespont

• The Hellespont connected Europe to Asia.


• Persian soldiers crossed the bridge and trekked into northern Greece, to Macedonia and Thrace.

• Northern and central city-states quickly surrendered to the Persians.


• Athenians and Spartans decided to work together to keep the Persians from advancing south.

• Goal: Athenian navy to stop supplies from reaching Persian troops.

• Goal: Spartans setup defenses to fight troops in Thermopylae.


• After two days of Spartan success of keeping the Persians from passing through the narrow mountain pass, a Greek traitor told Persians a way to attack the Spartans from behind.


• Leonidus was unable to get more troops to fend off the Persians once he found out of the betrayal

• Leonidus decided to stay and fight to the last soldier he had, including himself.

• Once every Spartan including Leonidus was dead, Xerxes ordered that his head be cut off and fixed to a pole.


In COMPLETE SENTENCES…1) WHO took control over the Persians?2) HOW did the Persians get to Greece?3) HOW did Athens and Sparta divide up their responsibilities?4) WHY was the Battle of Thermopylae an epic battle?5) WHAT was the result of the battle? ( Who won?)*Make sure you have a colorful picture that shows that you understand the Battle of Thermopylae.

Battle of ThermopylaeHistory Alive p. 274


Title: Battle of Thermopylae

After the surprising death of ________________, his son ______________ took over control of the Persians. The Persians got to Greece by __________________. Athens took the responsibility of _________________, and Sparta took the responsibility of ____________________. This battle was epic because _____________________. The Greeks ____________ the battle.

• After the defeat at Thermopylae, most Athenians fled to the island of Salamis.

• Xerxes easily marched to Athens and destroyed it.

• City-states were planning to build up defenses in their own cities

Battle of Salamis

• Themistocles, an Athenian general convinced the other city-states to join forces and fight against the Persians.

• Themistocles also convinced the leader of the Greek naval fleet that the only way to defeat the massive Persian fleet was to lure them into the narrow channels.

Battle of Salamis

• Themistocles knew that the Persians large ships could not maneuver well in the narrow channels.

• The impatient Xerxes, not heeding his wife’s advice sent his ships in the channels, desperately wanting a Persian victory.

Battle of Salamis

• Greek warships surrounded the Persian ships, breaking their oars and ramming into their hulls.

• The Greek ships were successful because they were lighter and easier to maneuver.

• The Persians lost 200 ships and the Greeks lost 40 ships.

Battle of Salamis

• Due to the massive loss of ships, the Persians withdrew from Salamis and retreated back to the Hellespont.

Battle of Salamis

In COMPLETE SENTENCES…1) HOW did the Athenians react to the news about Thermopylae?2) WHAT did Xerxes do?3) WHO was Themistocles? Explain his battle strategy.4) Did his strategy work?5) WHAT was the result of the battle? ( Who won?)*Make sure you have a colorful picture that shows that you understand the Battle of Salamis

Battle of SalamisHistory Alive p. 275


The Athenians felt _______________ when they heard about the loss at Thermopylae. Xerxes decided to __________________. Themistocles was a(n)________________ that convinced most the city-states to fight with him. He was clever and outsmarted Xerxes by _________________. _______ (Yes, No) his strategy did(nt) work. The Greeks ____________ the battle.

Title: Battle of Salamis

• When the Persians reached the Hellespont their worst fears were realized: the bridge was destroyed by a massive storm.

• Xerxes had to ferry his soldiers across into Asia Minor by boat.

Battle of Plataea

• Xerxes left the remaining soldiers in Greece and ordered them to attack the Greeks in the spring.

• Athens and Sparta kept their pact to keep Persian forces out.

Battle of Plataea

• The Persians were marching to Athens, but Athenian and Spartan forces met the Persians at Plataea.

• 479 B.C.E 80,000 Greek troops, led by the Spartans fought the Persians and defeated the Persian army.

• Persia left Greece and Europe alone after that.

Battle of Plataea

In COMPLETE SENTENCES…1) Describe Xerxes fear and resulting actions.2) WHAT became of the Persians attempt to capture Athens?3) WHO fought against the Persians?

Battle of PlataeaHistory Alive p. 276

Xerxes was in a panic and retreated his troops back to the ____________, however, he discovered that is was destroyed. He kept his weary soldiers in Greece to survive the winter, and then in the spring Xerxes commanded them to attack Athens. The ___________ and the ___________ fought against the Persians and the Persians were(nt) successful in capturing Athens.


Title: Battle of Platea

• GREECE UNITED: After the wars ended, Spartans, Athenians and residents of other Greek city-states referred to themselves as Greeks.

• ATHENS REBUILT: Athens, which had been burned by the Persians, was rebuilt in stunning glory.

• GOLDEN AGE OF ATHENS: The 40 years after the Persian Wars were known as the Golden Age of Athens, due to amazing cultural achievements (architecture, philosophy, theater).

After the Persian Wars

Make sure your “End of the War” Map has all the battle sites and main city-states involved in the war:City-states - Athens - Sparta - Marathon - Thermopylae - Salamis - Platea Star Battle Locations - Marathon - Thermopylae - Salamis - Platea

In COMPLETE SENTENCES…1) WHO won the war and WHAT did it mean?2)HOW long did the series of wars take?3)WHAT happened to the city of Athens after the war?*Make sure you have a colorful picture that shows that you understand the aftermath of the war, OR provide a map that shows the battle locations and territory of the Persian Wars.

End of the War/AftermathHistory Alive p. 277


The __________________ won the war. This was a huge victory and impacted a couple of things. This victory impacted ____________ because. In addition, it ___________. After its destruction, Athens was ____________. This marked the beginning of the _____________ Age of Athens.

Title: End of the War/Aftermath

HopliteWrite notes on the inside of foldable

• Premier Greek foot soldiers• Wore leather and bronze body armor• Carried a bronze shield, long spear and

short sword

GREEK VOCAB FOLDABLE – INB p. 46

PhalanxWrite notes on the inside of foldable• Greek battle formation• Shields were overlapped for

protection• Long block of soldiers, 8 ranks deep


TriremeWrite notes on the inside of foldable• Long, low-lying boats that were fast

and easy to maneuver• Large ram at the front, covered in

bronze• 3 tiers of rowers provided the

manpower inside.


greece vs. persia · rough draft final draft. history alive p. 272-277 storyboard sequence monday...

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