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    June 2, 1953 G.F.GREBEYA UT OM AT IC C AR B I NE

    F i l e d J a n . 2 8 , 1 9 4 7

    . .

    2,640,396

    5 S h e e t s - S h e e t 1

    INVENTOR.

    G E .O 'RBE . F . bREBE. YBY

    fl--'/ 'Ivt~ ..ATTC1RNEY

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    June 2, 1953 G.F.GREBEYA UT OM AT IC C AR BI NE

    2,640,396

    Filed Jan. 28, 1947' 5 S h e e t s - S h e e t 2

    .cO

    ~ . INVENTOR.DE.DRGE. F l : J R E . ' E l E . YBY 11. ~.

    ~';, -"1,.;( R/T7 L.-..... .

    .AT TORNE .Y '

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    June 2, 1953 .G. F. GREBEYAUTOMAT IC C AR BIN E

    Filed Jan. 2 8 , 1 9 4 7

    2,640,396

    5 Sheets-Sheet :3 " .

    INVENTOR.

    GE.ORGE. E bREBEYB Y

    ~l

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    June 2, 1953

    F i l e d J a n . 2 8 , 1 9 4 7

    (J.I D ~c r . ~tJ~

    ~.~ ~'-

    G.F.GREBEY

    A UT OM AT I C C AR B I NE

    2,640,396

    5 S h e e t s - S h e e t 4

    INVENTOR .

    DE. .OBBE.F . ORE.BE.YBY

    ~'/'kJ~.ATTORNEY

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    J une 2, 1953 G. F.GREBEYA UT OM AT I C C AR B I NE

    F i l e d J a n . 2 8 , 1 9 4 7

    2,640,396

    5 S h e e t s - S h e e t 5

    I NVENTOR .

    GE .ORGE . F GREBE.Y'BY

    ~U(~.ATTORNEY

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    Patented June 2, 1.953

    UNITED STATES

    2,640,396

    PATENT OFFICE2,640,396

    AUTOMATIC CARBINE

    George F. Grebey, Portsmouth, R. I.

    Application January 28,1947, Serial No. 724,740

    6 Claims. (Cl.89-184)

    1The. present invention relates to an automatic

    carbine, especially designed for sporting use, anobject of the invention being to provide a car-bine t;ypefirearm of relatively light weight andhigh power in which standard pistol or other 5suitable ammunition may be effectually used.The ammunition may for instance be .357 Mag-num pistol ammunition.

    It is particularly proposed to provide a firearmof relatively streamline design which will be free 10ofmovable projecting parts, such as the bolt leveremployedin certain types of firearms, and whichwill also be free of exposed openings in whichmud or dirt may collect and affect the mechani-cal functioning of the firearm, .and in particular 15in which the cartridge ejecting opening will besealed in the .closed position of the bolt. Tothis end it is proposed to provide openings inthe receiver and in the bolt retracting slide,

    which register in the retracted position of the 20slide to permit the cartridge to be ejected, andwhich are ill offset sealed relation in the pro-jected .po~it~on of the slide. Another object isto ptovide a bolt adapted to have rectilinearclosing l),nd opening movement without rotary 25movement, and which effectually eliminates fir-ing jam, such as is often evident in firearms uti-lizing the rotating bolt method.

    Another object is to provide effective meansfor preventing premature firing, and to this endit is proposed to provide a hammer lock mecha- 30nism, which is in positive locking relation at alltimes except when the bolt is in its closed lockedposition ready for firing, the releasing of thehammer lock mechanism being controlled by di-rect action of the bolt as.the latter is moved into 35its locking position.Another object is to provide hammer, trigger

    and firing mechanism parts contained in a sealedunit which may be quickly and conveniently in-stalled or removed, thus snabling the user of the 40firearm to readily replace the unit, in the field ifnecessary, should such parts becomedamaged orworn. A further object is to provide a repeatertype firearm which is readily adapted for eithermanual opening or pump action of the bolt, or 45automatic opening. In the case of automaticopening, it is proposed to provide a barrel at-tachment in the form of an improved gas. accu-mUJ.ator,it being proposed to provide in such ac-eumulator a series of gas accumulator chambers :>0f(Ja:~alwiththe bore of the barrel and throughV;htchcolTosion is eliminated to a great extent'itndmuzzle blast is reduced, thereby silencing the'firearm to a substantial degree.,iWith the above and other objects in view, an 55

    2embodiment of the invention is shown in theaccompanying drawings, and this embodimentwill be hereinafter more fully described withreference thereto, and the invention will be final-ly pointed out in the claims.

    In the drawings:Fig. 1 isthe top plan viewofthe automatic car-

    bine, according to the illustrated exemplary em-bodiment of the invention.Fig. 2 is a side elevation thereof, a portion of

    the stock being shown in vertical section.Fig. 3 is a transverse vertical sectional view,

    taken along the line 3-3 of Fig. 2.Fig. 4 is a longitudinal vertical sectional view,

    taken along the line 4-4 of Fig. 1.Fig. 5 is a fragmentary view, partially in side

    elevation and partially in vertical section, show-ing the gas accumulator attachment for auto-matic opening of the bolt.

    Fig. 6 is a side elevation of the receiver andbarrel group or assembly.Fig. 6-A is a view, partially in side elevation

    and partially in longitudinal vertical section,showing the construction of the barrel.Fig. 6-B is a transverse sectional view, taken

    along the line 6-B-6-B of Fig. 6-A.Fig. 7 is a side elevation of the upper hand

    guard member.Fig. 8 is a side elevation of the lower stock

    member.Fig. 9 is a side elevation of the bolt.Fig. 10 is a front end view of the bolt, on an

    enlarged scale.Fig. 11 is a side elevation of the hammer, trig-

    ger and firing mechanism unit.Fig. 12 is a side elevation of the slide unit for

    retracting the bolt.Fig. 13 is a top plan view of the slide.Fig. 14 is a front end view of the slide.Fig. 15 is a transverse vertical sectional view,

    taken along the line 15-15 of Fig. 12.Fig. 16 is a side elevation of the cartridge clip.Fig. 17 is a front elevation thereof.Fig. 18 is a detailed fragmentary view, on an

    enlarged scale, showing the hammer, trigger andfiring mechanism in its position ready for firing,and showing the bolt in its projected and lockedposition.Fig. 19 is a longitudinal horizontaj jsectional

    view,taken along the line 19-19 of Fig. 18.Fig. 20 is a transverse vertical sectional view,

    taken along the line 2!1~20of Fig. 18.Fig. 21 is a side elevation of the body portion

    of the casing for the hammer, trigger and firingmechanism parts.

    Fig. 22 is an end view thereof.

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    3Fig. 23 is a plan view thereof.Fig. 24 is a side elevation of the cover plate of

    the casing.Fig. 25 is an end view thereof.Fig. 26 is a top plan view thereof.Fig. 27 is a side elevation of the trigger guard.Fig. 28 is a top plan view thereof.Fig. 29 is a side view of the trigger spring.Fig. 29a is ..a itol)view of the ,trigger spring.Fig. 3.0Jisa $idE;liew pf the ,sear member.Fig.30a is a front viewof the sear member.Fig. 31 is a side view of the trigger member.Fig. 3la is a front view of the trigger member.Fig. 32is a side view of the trigger c@ntJ::olar

    member.Fig. 32a is a top view of the trigger control

    bar member.Fig. 33 is a side view 6f the hammer locki~lg

    lever member.Fig. 33a is a top view of the hammer-locking

    lever member.Fig. 34 is a side view of thesafety latch bar

    member.

    Fig. 34a isa topviewofthe .safety latch barmember.Fig. 35 is a side view of the safety latchrear

    opera.ting~ever.Fig.35a Isa front view of the safety latchhnr

    operating lever.Fig. 36isa vlewpartially in ssdeelevattonarid

    partially in vertical section, showing the hamElcr,triggerandfiringmechanism1.n its fired position,the bolt being shown in longitudinal verticailsec-tion, and the firing pin being shown driven for-wardly by the hammer.Fig. 37 is a view, partially in aide ielevation

    and pM"tiall'Yn vertical section, and with partsbroken away, Show~ngthe slide and the bolt intheir fully retracted and open position with thehammer moved to its cocking position and withthe cartridge ejecttorrcperrlngaof the receiverand$1ide in registeril'lgrelation.'S-imi'l:areference characters indicate eorre-

    spending parts throughout the several tlguresctthe drawings.Referring to tl;).edrawings,ti)e firearm, ac-

    cording to the i'l1ustratedxemplary embodimentof the invention, comprises a receiver and barrelg'roup or assembly,shown disassembled from thefirearm in Fig. 6, the receiver part ! Il h!}iving'(;:hebarrel p.fJ,rt(I connected 'thereto by a threadedconnection 1"2,he barrel part being provided atits end acl,jacentthe receiver part with a down-wardly extending lug ! : ,1 , of substantiallv rec-t~ngular for:m,secured to the forward end of thereceiver part bymeans of a filisterhead screw j Il.A guide tube L~ tor the recoil spring, herein-after more fully referred to, is secured in apocket HLintheJu,g t3by means of a pin H.

    The receiver part is of' substantially semi-cYlindricaJfor:malong its UPPer external surfaceand is provtded igternally with a bolt r.eeeiVI11[':guidechannel .1ShayIng vertical sidewalls and al:;loi-izontalto.pwall.,'thus forming a channel ofS1.ibstantiallyrectangular cross-section for guid-ingthe sub.stanti3;l~yquare bolt, as will presentlymore fu.lly appear. The channel opens down-wardly for ;receivingthe hammer and trigger unitand the. cartridge clip unit, the side walls of the

    receiver being extended downwardly for thts pur-pose and having a transverse wall portion H l di-viding the .hammer trigger and firing'mechanismunit receiving portion, defined by a slot opening20, and the cartridge clip receiving portion, de-fined by a slot opening 2!, the forward wal10f

    2,640,396

    4this latter slot opening being formed by the for-ward closed end of the receiver disposed directlybelow the threaded connection I 2.

    In the upper portion of the receiver there isG provided in one side wall substantially in line

    with the slot opening 2 i, a cartridge ejectionopening 22and rearwardly of this ejection open-ing there are provided in the opposed side wallsg;Ui.delots 23-,.,.2,3or the bolt, At.the rearward

    10 .end or the receiver pant, ,there ~f;provided adownwardly inclined lug 211for attaching thestock, 8.S will hereinafter more fully appear. Arear sight unit 25, of any suitable type, is mount-.edupon the upper side of the rearward end of

    15 the receiver part and the front sight unit ~lIi,of any suitable type, is mounted upon the ror-w;al'denqof tbel?arrel.

    The bolt, indicated generally as 2 "I, and shownin disassembled relation. in Figs. 9 and 10 and in

    20 plan and sectional views in Figs, 19and 36, com-prises a rearward portion' 23 of sl:1bstant~allysquare cross-section and. a orwar:dportion29 :ofsubstantially cylindrical cross-section, the 'lower

    side of the portion 29,'however,being .at aslj:ght25 angle to the lower side of the portion 2,.8and tothe upper side of the .entire Iength iof the holt.which is,parallel to the underside .ofthe .porti,!J'lllJill. Thus, in the forwar.dlymoved ciosed.anLtlocked position of the bolt,as shown in FIg. 36,

    30 the underside of the portion 29isp3il~am~ltothe axis of the barrel, while the upper surfac.eQfthe bolt and the lower side of the portion2,S::u:eat a downwardly inclined angle thereto, while,in the open position of the bolt, its upper surface

    35 and the lower surface of the portiQn2;fJ.areIlara:l:,.leI to the axis of the barrel, .and to. the guidechannel lS of the receiver. as shown in Fig. 21.

    A firing pin rod 30,.having'.a firrng pi.Il'3! .. atits forward end, is engaged in a.guj.depassage.31

    40 in the bolt, the axis of this passage being .eo-axial with the axis of the barrel in the forwandclosedand lockedposition of the .bolt.ias SihCflllll inFig. 36. Tlle firing pin 31 is ,el1gl:l,gedna: .re-duced diameter forward end. por,tion .83 "o!the

    45 passage, a spring 34 beingprovi:cted .abo:\.ttthefiring pin between the forward end of the ,firingpin rod and the forward .end of the passag~.3.2to exert retracting force thereon,the Pl'oje:';~tingand retracting movementorane.fmng .pinbeing

    50 limited by a set screw 35 engagedinanotcn3tprovided in the firing pin rod. Atransverse pin31 is engaged through a passage a 2 iuttle bolt,as shown in Fig. 20>and is securedby set screws39-39, a notch Ij{)being formed centrally in

    55 the pin to provide a clearance space fer the firIngpin rod. The ends of this ph131 project ateaenside of the bolt outwardly through the guide slots23 of the receiver and are adapted to be engagedwith the action slide member te-eorrtrol tUBIoek-

    60 ing and unlocking movement of the bo1t, as w 111hereinafter more fully appear.At the forward end of the bolt there is pro-

    vided a forwardly projected semt-etreular rim41 adapted to position the base of the eartrfdge,

    65 and at the outer side of the forwardend ,(;here.i$secured in a recess 42 by means of a screw 43 anextractor tooth member 114which engages withinthe extractor groove of the cartridge. At theopposed inner side a! the bolt there isproylqed

    70 a slot 115extending substantially the full lengthof the portion 39and terminating in an upwardlyextending entrance portion 46. "Th.isslot is-en-gaged by an ejector pin 41screwedin the.channelIIIof the receiver, and adapted as the boltreache$

    75 its open position to engage the base o.fthe

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    , . 1 ;cartridge,held at its opposed side by the extrac-tor tooth, to cause the cartridge to swing out-wardly through the ejection opening 32. The slot45 is disposed parallel to the upper side of thebolt 29 so that in the open position of the bolt, 5as shown in Fig. 37, it is parallel to the axis ofthe barrel. At the rearward end of the bolt and

    at its underside there is provided a lug 48 foractuating the hammer locking mechanism, as willhereinafter more fully appear.

    The hammer, trigger and firing mechanismassembly unit includes a casing consisting of abody member 49, shown in Fig. 21,. and a covermember 50 shown in Fig. 24, the cover memberbeing secured to the casing member by filister 15'head screws51. The mechanism contained in thecasing will be hereinafter more fully described,but, for convenience in description, the form ofthe casing and its assembly with the receiverwill be described at this point. The casing is of 20substantially rectangular form and is adapted toslide upwardly in the slot opening 20 of the

    receiver, where it is secured by transverse pins52 and 53 engaged through holes 54 in the sidewalls of the receiver and holes 55 inthe body and 25cover portions of the casing. The upper side ofthe casing is formed by an upper wall portion56 of the body portion, which is provided at itsrearward end with an upwardly extending pro-jection 57 fitting within the .rearward end of 30the bolt channel 18, the upper side of this wall,forwardly of the projection 57,extending in hori-zontal relation, as at 58,to an intermediate lock-ing abutment 59with which the rearward end ofthe bolt is adapted to lock, the upper surface of 35the case forwardly from this step being inclinedupwardly, as at G O ,so as to support the bolt inits Closedand locked position, as shown in Fig.18. The vertical distance between the horizontalupper surface 58 of the casing and. the upper 40horizontal wall of the bolt channel 18 correspondsto. the vertical dimension of the substantiallysquare rearward portion 28 of the bolt, so that inthe raised open position of the bolt, the latterhas rectilinear sliding movement between these 45horizontal surfaces of the channel and the cas-ing.

    The upper wall 56 of the casing is providedalong the horizontal portion 58 with a hammerslot opening 61and along the inclined portion 60adjacent to the abutment. 59with a slot opening62 in which the lug 48 of the bolt engages in thelocked position as shown in Fig. 18. A clearancegroove 63 for the lug 48 is provided between theabutment 59 and the slot 61.An action slide, shown in detail in Figs. 12

    to 15, is assembled for rectilinear sliding move-ment upon the receiver and barrel, and consistsof an upper elongated yoke member 64, of in-verted U-shape in cross-section, having a pairof forwardly extending arms 65-65, to the tor-ward ends of which there is secured a lower com-pression head member 66, of trough-like form.The head member is provided at its rearward endwith recessed ears 61-67, in which the forwardends of the arms 65 are engaged and secured byscrews 68. The yoke member is provided at

    suitably spaced points along the interior of eachof its side walls with inwardly offset downwardlyextending guide lugs 69, while the head memberis provided with inwardly extending rearwardguide lugs 70-10 and forward guide lugs 11-11,the guide .lugs of the head member being in ahorizontal plane which is upwardly offset with

    2,640,396

    , .. ' .. " 6 .",respect to the horizontal plane of the guide lugsof the yokemember.The receiver is provided at its sides with lon-

    gitudinal guide slots 12---12for sliding engage-ment of the guide lugs 69 of the yoke member,longitudinal ledge portions 73-13 being providedoutwardly of the slots for sliding support of the

    lower edges of the yoke member. The barrel isprovided at each side with longitudinal grooved10 guide rails 75-75 for sliding engagement of the

    guide lugs 70 and 11 of the head member, theguide rails being in a horizontal plane which isupwardly offset with respect to the horizontalplane of the guide slots 72. , The action slide isassembled with the receiver and barrel assemblyby engaging it thereon from the forward end andsliding it rearwardly, the guide lugs 69of the yokemember being first engaged in the forward openends of the guide slots 12 at each side of the lug13beneath the upwardly offset guide rails 15 ofthe barrel, the guide lugs 70 and 71 of the headmember being at the same time engaged with the

    groovedguide rails 75.The head slide member 66 is provided with afront wall portion 76 in which is secured a guiderod 11 for the forward end of the recoil spring'18, its rearward end being engaged within thetube 15. Knurled pads 79-19 are secured to thearms 65near their forward ends to provide con-venient hand grips for manual retraction of theslide member.

    Adjacent to its forward end the yoke slideportion s a is provided at one side with a cartridgeejecting slot opening 80, which in the forwardbolt locking position of the action slide is for-wardly offset from the cartridge ejecting opening22of the receiver, so that both openings are com-pletely closed and sealed. In the rearward boltopening position of the action slide, the opening80 registers with the opening 22, so that the firedcartridge may be ejected there through. A clear-ance notch 81 is provided at the rearward endof the yoke slide member 64 so as to clear therear sicht 25 in the retracted nosltion,The side walls of the yoke slide member are

    provided with transversely opposed enlarge-ments 82-82,each having a circular threadedopening 83 in which is screwed a threaded camdisc 84, fixed in place by a set screw 85, and

    50 having at its inner side a cam groove 86 dis-posed at a 45 angle. The cam grooves of thetwo opposed cam discs are engaged by>the endsof the transverse pin 31 of the bolt, and are

    adapted to impart vertical swinging movement55 to the bolt to engage the rearward end of the

    bolt with the abutment 59 at the completion ofthe forward bolt closing movement of the actionslide, and to swing the bolt upwardly to dis-engage. it from the abutment at the beginning

    60 of the rearward bolt opening movement of theaction slide. Thus, in the forward position ofthe action slide and bolt; as seen in Fig. 18, thepin 37 is at the lower ends of the cam slots.As rearward bolt opening force is applied to the

    65 action slide, the pin is raised in the cam slotsbringing the square end of the rearward endof the bolt into line with the square guide chan-nel of the receiver, the bolt being thereupon

    moved rectilinearly to the open position shown70 in Fig. 37. As the action slide moves forwardlyunder the force of the recoil spring 78, the trans-verse bolt pin 37 remains in the upper end ofthe cam slots until the bolt reaches its forwardlimit of movement, - its 'rearward end at this

    75 point being in liri.ewith the locking abutment

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    2,640,3987 B

    39" whereupon the .e.ontinuedforward terce .oilts forward:flangeendlDl ina gro.oyed stockthe action slide forces the pin downwardly in ferruleUl8, secured to .thebarrell I by a re-the cam slots engaging t.heendof .the bolt in taining pin 11l9;fitting within a notch 1.1 ) inlocking relation with the abutment, As the Jock- the underside or the barrel. The .rearward ending' abutment is directly under the end .of tbe5 or the stock is secured by a screw I1 engagedbolt,the bolt is assisted In its loekingactionto in the lug Uof the receiver, which seats in aa certain extent by gravity. recess .112of the stock, the screw being engaged

    While the barrel 1I may be produced by any with a nut Ij3 secured in the stock. An .uppersatisfactory methods, it is pref.erably constructed, hand guard 114,also formed of walnut or other

    as shown in Figs. 6-A and .6-B,byproviding the 10 suitable material, nae its. forward flanged': endbarrel Ji"asasubstantially .cylindrical bored US .engaged with the stockferrule m8 and en-and rifted. part having' a fiange II b adjacentfhe closes the upper side.of the rearward portion .ofreceiver engaging thread .12, and which is en- tlle barrel, being suitably recessed to engagegaged with a snug and close tit ina sleeve fl c, over the barrel. Slots 116-116 are provided atupon Whichthe .lug 13and the longitudinal guide 15 the sides of the hand guard in which are engagedmils15~15are integrally formed. This con- the knurled hand grip pads 19 of the bolt re-struction permits the barrel to be turned ror tracting slide, the knurled .surraces of these padshead space adjustment withollttbrowing the projecting slightly beyond .thetside jsurfaces ofguide rails out of alignment with .tne rest of the the hand guard so that they maybe convenientlyaction. In practice .such adjustment would be 20 engaged by the thumb and fingers to retract themade ..by inserting shim washers on tlle thread slide.between the barrel and the .receiver. The hammer, trigger and firing mechanism is

    The cartridge clip comprises an elongated rec- housed and sealed within the casing formed bytll.ngular casing 87 having a closure plate .86a t the body member 49 and the cover member 5[1,its lower end removably secured by means .of 25 these members being provided with a pluralitylugs as, and having at its upper end a relatively of .suitably positioned registering holes 11'1andthickened portion 9il adapted.tobeinserted with- H8 in which the retaining and pivot pma.ofthein the slot opening ,21 .of the receiver, this several parts .of the mechanism are engaged.andtntckened portron preferabJyhaving slots 91 cut retained,preferablybya drive fit in these boles.therein to reduce the weight of.tbe- , ; ;sUPPort. j 2.4,and at its forwa.rd end with .a sub-94 which engages ina ver,tieal.g;roove!15in the stantially u-shaped trigger spring receivingiorwardwall ,oithe slot.opening 21,and is recess 125.adaptedt.o be r.eleasablY.retained by means oJ a The sear lUi, shown in detail.in Fig. 30, is

    lat.ch,device. piv.otally mounted in the slotted aupport 124ofThe latch deviceponsists,.of a cylindrical rod ,:,pthe trigger guard by .means ofa pin 121.engag-

    .96.slidablyengaged in :a cylindrical passage ~11 lng .a vhole ! 28 in the sear, and is normallyIn he receiver and having at its outer end an pressed in counter-clockwise direction by.aIiel-upwardly projected.knurledthumbplece !18con- ical:spring 129disposed in a pocket 13.0of thenected to a guide P'Qlt.99 screwed therein and trigger guard and en.gagedwith a pin Hi pro-slidably.enga,g;edita;apasaage j 0010 the receiver,.!,;; videdat the .underside of the sear. The sear isthe .head of thebolt hei.n,gdi~posed.ma :P9Cket provided at its upper rearward corner with theHII.at the0ppos.ed stde>Gfthe x.-Bc.ej'Yerfromth,e hammer engaging tooth portion f32, and at itsknurled thumb piece to .limit;the .ol,Ltw(l,rdm.ov,e- upper forward corner with a pivoted tooth pawlmentof :the rod S6, outw:ardpn~ssur,e.being es- 133 normally pressed in clockwise direction byertedenereon o JVa ~pring IO.2dispm,ed in ,the 50 means of a spring 134.pass!;tge91 betw,een tbe end-of the rod and :tbe The hammer! 35 is pivotally mounted in thebase of :tbe passage. Tbe r.od is. provided with a casing by means of a pin 136, and is normallyretaining tooth'portion HI,3which.isnormally In pressed in elockwisedirectionby aispring rodline with thegro.o.yeJl5 to.,engagetbe tooth .,M 13'f, seated at its forward end in a+pceket; 138of the .cartrid.ge,cli,l)to. retainti, thisl~etaining 55 of the hammer, and having engaged thereon atooth having at 'itsllnderside ian ,inclined ,s,trike-l' helical spring 139, disposed between' a shoulderface U i4 adapted2ls the .. clip is inser.tedto l;le 140 of the rod and the aperturedwall portionengaged by .thetootll ,94 to cam the latcb. In- 141of the casing through which the rearwardwardly, whereupouthe retaining tooth .autc- end of the 'rod is slidably engaged. An abut-matically enga,g-es):)eneath.;the.to,oth94 .under 6Qment shoulder 14Zis provided upon the forwardthe projecting .force of ,the. sprdngJ02.0ut- side of the hub portion of the hammer for en-wardly adjacent.,the ,tooth U I 3 " the .laWllx.od.'is gagement by the sear in the cocked position ofprovided with:afiatxeleasing 'portionJ05. adapted. the hammer, .asshown in Fig. lB. The sear isto be brought .i;nto.register with tae,gr.ooye.O.5 adapted to . automaticallj. engage theabutr:aentby pressing ;inwar,dly:u.ponthe .,tJ:;mmb;pie,ceof '65 shoulder under the pressure ofthespring 129,the latch, to thus permit the clip.to.be r,emo:v:ed. as the hammer is moved. throllgh the opening

    The stock -Ulji,.,or;meo..,ofa1lautor othersuit- movement of the bolt, from its firing position,ablemateri(l.l, is suitably r,ec.essedand f;lotted as shown in Figure 36, to .Its cocking position,soas to'enclose ,tbelow.er.por.tion~Qftb.erecelzer as shown in Fig-.37, the opening movement ofand :barrelassembly, And the ihammer, tr~gger 1;0 the bolt causing the lug.lill or the bolt to force.andfiring mecha.n1sllilunit.,the uPpe.rsurface.,oi . the hammer slightly beyond its cocked positionthestoclcbeing .in.;astraigbt.borl2'ontal plane, so .that the sear falls into place in front of thewhich 'in the ven,g,a;gedposi.,tion;i,ssubstan.tia11yin abutment shoulder, .the .forward movement Of.line :withthe ,,~p'persurfaces.,of..he ledges 13,oi the bolt allowing the hammer to thereupon movethe .receiver. 'l11estockis secared bY-'dengaging7fj into its cocked position, as 'shownin.Fig. 18.

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    2,640,3969 10'

    The trigger 143, shown in detail in Fig. 31, rearward end of. this locking bar extending intois pivotally' mounted within the trigger guard the groove 146of the trigger and being normallyspace by means of. a pin 144 engaging a hole disposed in opposed spaced relation to the for-145 of the trigger. The upper portion of the ward side of the 'sear 126. A safety lever 169,trigger within the casing is provided with a slot 5 shown in detail in Fig. 35, is pivotally mounted14'6in. which the sear is adapted to move, and at its upper end upon the pin 151 being pro-

    is provided at its upper end with a cross-pin videdat its upper end with a hole 170 for en-147which interlockingly engages a notch 148of gagementwith the pin. Belowthe hole 170therethe, trigger control bar 149, shown in detail in is provided a slot 11I engaged by a pin 172 inFig. 32. This trigger control bar has rectilinear 10 the side 'Surface of the safety locking bar 167,sliding movement in a channel 150provided in the lower end of the lever projecting into thethe casing and is limited in such movement by exposed trigger guard space and being provid-a pin 151 engaging a slot 152 of the bar. At ed with a finger engaging end 173 for its con-its rear end the bar is provided with a shoulder venient manipulation. Space is provided for153engaged forwardly of the tooth pawl 133of 15 the positioning of the safety lever beneath thethe sear. A' U-shaped trigger .spring 154posi- cover plate 50 of the casing by providing a re-tioned in the recess 125of the trigger guard en- cess 174in the trigger control bar 149,a recessgages the inclined abutment surface 155of the 175in the safety locking bar 167,a recessTtstrigger, normally pressing the trigger in counter- in the outer edge surface of the trigger springclockwise direction and the trigger control bar 20 154, and a recess I n in the trigger guard. In149 rearwardly. Thus, clockwise movement of the firing or release position of the safety leverthe. trigger forces the trigger control bar for- it is disposed in its forward position, as shownwardly, causing the sear to be swung in clock- in full lines in Fig. 18, the rearward end of thewise direction to release the hammer. locking bar being spaced forwardly from theIn the ordinary operation of the firearm, the 25 'sear to permit its normal operation. In the

    sear 126 may have the pawl 133 fixedly asso- safety locking position, the safety lever is movedciated therewith. However, the pawl 133 is rearwardly, as shown by the dot-and-dash linespreferably movably mounted so that it may yield in Fig. 18, where it is moved laterally into en-forwardly in the event that the trigger is held gagement with a locking notch 173,lateral pres-back by the finger after firing with the trigger 30 sure being exerted upon the lower end -of thecontrol bar 149forwardly, while at-the same time safety lever bya leaf spring 179 disposed in athebo}t is opened and the hammer moved to pocket 180 provided at the inner Side of thecocked position with the sear in its hammer re- cover member 50. Thus, as the safety lever istaining position. In thls case the trigger con- moved rearwardly to the safety position, it au-trol bar,when released by disengagement of the 3; 5 tomatically drops into the notch 178under thefinger from the trigger, willbe permitted to move pressure of the spring 179. In order to releaserearwardly into engagement behind the pawl, it, .the trigger finger is first pressed laterallythe. pawl yielding to permit the shoulder '53 of against the end of the safety lever to disengagethe trigger control bar to move past it. it from the notch 178, being then pressed for-

    Abovethe trigger control bar 149there is pro- ~0 wardly to the releasing position, where it is fric-videda hammer locking lever 156,shown in de- tionallv retained by the pressure of the spring 179.tail in Fig. 33, pivotally mounted by means of a In Fig. 5 there is shown a gas accumulator at-pin 157 engaging a hole 158 in the lever, The tachment for the automatic opening of the boltrearwardly extending upper arm of this lever is following each firing. This consists of a head 181provided with a contact end portion 159disposed 45 having a passage 182in which the shouldered endin the slot '62 of the casing, in position to be portion 183 of the barrel II is engaged and se-engaged and depressed by the lug 48 of the bolt cured by a cross-pin 184engaging a groove 185in the locked position of the bolt, while its for- in the barrel; The barrel in this case is preferablywardly extending lower arm is provided at its end shorted than the barrel of the manually operatedwith a claw 160. This claw is in position to lock- 50 or pump-action firearm, sothat the overalllengthingly engage a notch 161provided in the upper of the barrel and the head 181will be substan-surface of the trigger control bar f49 in the tially the same as the barrel of the manually

    open position of the bolt, as shown in Fig. 37, operated firearm. Within the passage 182therethe 'Clawbeing swung upwardly out of engage- is engaged a pair of cup-shaped bafflemembersment with the notch in the closed and locked 55 185 and IS7 respectively provided with orificeposition of the bolt, as shown in Fig. 18. A hel- passages 188and 189in axial line with the boreicalspring 162 exerts downward pressure upon of the barrel, these bafflemembers being securedthe claw end of the hammer locking lever to by swedging the. end.surface of the head membernormally press the contact end ! 59 upwardly, over a shoulder 190of the forward bafflemem-thi:s spring being.positioned ina cylindrical pas- 60 bel',as at 191. The arrangement is such that twosage formed by semi-cylindrical grooves IS3 and expansion chambers are provided at the end of1.64in the respective body portion. 49 and cover the barrel of substantially greater diameter thanportion 50 of the casing, a retaining screw 165 the bore of the barrel and of the passages I88being screwed in a threaded hole 156in .the up- and 189,which correspond in diameter to the boreper wall of the casing to retain the upper end 65 of the barrel. These expansion chambers areof the spring. Engagement of the hammer lock- connected by vent ducts 192and 193to horizontaling lever with the trigger control bar, as shown duct 194, the rearward end of which is in line

    in Fig. 37, prevents premature firing of the fire- with the end of a piston 195,slidably engaged inarm at all times except when the bolt is in its a cylinder 196screwed at its forward end in thefully closed locked firing position, as shown in 70 head member 191,and engaged at its rearwardFig. 18. end ina passage 191in the stock ferrule 108,the

    Beneath the trigger control bar 149 there is rearward end of the piston being engaged withprovided a safety locking bar 167,shown in de- an anvil formation 198provided upon the for-tail in Fig. 34, slidably engaged for rectilinear ward end of the compression head member 66movement. in a groove 1'~8of the casing, the 75,.ofthe action slide.

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    11In order to permit the slide to be manuallY re-

    tracted, .there Is, provided upon the underside ofthe member 16.6 pivoted finger lug 199 adaptedfor movement in a slot 200provided in.the. lowerside of the stock. This finger is normally dis-posed in its raised inoperative position, as shown

    by the full lines, where it is releasablv retainedby a spring-pressed detent. ball 20 I disposed ina pocket 202 of the head member and engaginga recess 233 in the hub of the finger lug. In itsoperating position, the finger lug is swung down-wardiy, as shown by the dot-and-dash lines.In operation the combined action of the firing

    gases and the bullet causes the compressed gasesto be expanded in the expansion chambers andto flow into the vent ducts, forcing the pistonrearwardly and. moving the action slide to its re-tracted position to cause the bolt to automaticallyset the hammer in cocked position. The recoilspring 18 thereupon returns the action slide toits normal projected position. The increased di-

    ameter expansion chambers of the gas accumu-lator not onlyprovide more effective pressure toretract the action slide, but have the advan-tageous effects of greatly reducing erosion andobstruction of the vent ducts and of' reducingmuzzle blast.I have illustrated and described preferred and

    satisfactory embodiments of the invention, butit will be understood that changes may be madetherein, within the spirit and scope thereof, asdefined in the appended claims.What is claimed is:1 .. .In a firearm, a barrel, a receiver flxedly se-

    cured to said barrel and. having a bolt guidechannel in axial line with said barrel includingan upper wall and side walls and having a down-w.ardly extending open chamber below said boltguide channel, a unit removably engaged in saidopen chamber having a.top wall constituting thebase of said.channel, a bolt engaged in said chan-nel for rectilinear movement between forwardClosedand rearward open positions, said top wallof said unit having a horizontal rearward guidewall portion in downwardly spaced parallel rela-tion to said upper wall which in cooperation withsaid upper wall and. side walls guides said boltin its rectilinear closing and opening movementand having a. forward downwardly offset wallportion with respect to which said bolt.in its for- 50ward. closed position has transverse downwardand upward movement respectively into locldng

    and unlocking positions, said top wall of saidunit having a transverse. locking abutment por-tion between its forward and rearward wall por- 55tions adapted to be engaged by said bolt in itstransversely moved locked position, and said boltbeing downwardly removable from said channelthrough said chamber upon removal of said unit,and an action slide cooperatively connected to 60said bolt to impart transverse and rectilinearmovement thereto.

    Z. In a firearm, a barrel, a receiver having abolt guide channel in axial line with said barrelincluding an upper wall and side walls and having 65a downwardly extending open chamber belowsaidbolt guide channel, a unit removably engaged

    in said. open chamber having a top wall consti-tuting the base of said channel, a bolt engagedin said channel for reclilinearmcvement between 70ri)l;wardclosed and rearward open positions, saidchannel having a rearward guide portion rorguiding said bolt in its rectilinear closing andopening movement and having a forward lockingportion relatively wider in a vertiCal direction 75

    2,640,396

    12than said rearward. portion.wherein said bolt hasup .and down transverse. uniocking and lockingmovement, a locking abutment carried by said topwall of said unit adapted to be engaged bysaid

    5 bolt in its downwardlymoved lockedposition, saidreceiver having longitudinal slots in opposed sidewalls thereof, a rectilinearly movable action slidehaving side portions respectively engaged oversaid opposed side walls of said receiver, and bolt-

    10 actuating cam means connected to each of saidside portions of said slide extending through saidslots and cooperatively connected to the opposedsides of said bolt adapted through rectilinearmovement of said slide to impart transverse and

    15 rectilinear movement to said bolt.3. In a firearm, a barrel, a receiver having a

    bolt guide channel in axial Hne with said barrelincluding an upper wall and side walls and hav-ing a downwardly extending open chamber below

    20 said bolt guide channel, a unit removably en-gaged in said chamber having a top wall consti-

    tuting the base of said channel, a bolt engagedin said channel for rectilinear movement betweenforward closed and rearward open positions, said

    25 channel having a rearward guide portion forguiding said bolt in its rectilinear closing andopening movement and having a.forward lockingportion relatively wider in a vertical directionthan said rearward portion wherein said bolt has

    30 transverse unlocking and locking movement, alocking.abutment carried by said top wall of.saidunit adapted to be engaged by said bolt In tstransversely moved locked position, said receiverhaving longitudinal slots in opposed side walls

    35 thereof, an action slide having opposed sides en-gaged exteriorly over said side wallsof said re-ceiver for rectilinear movement thereon, pin andcam means respectively at opposed sides of saidbolt extending through said slots and cooper-

    40 atively .connected to said: bolt and said opposedsides of said slide adapted through reettlinearmovement of said sUde to impart transversemovement to said bolt in unlocking directton atthe beginning of its retracting movement and in

    45 locl;:ing direction at the end of its projectingmovement.

    4. In a firearm, a,barrel, a receiver fixed to saidibarrel having a bolt guide channel in axial linewith said barrel and having a wall forming oneside of said channel, a bolt engaged in said chan-nel for rectilinear movement between forwardclosed and rearward open positions, and an ac-

    tion slide cooperatively connected to said bolt.andengaged exteriorlYof said receiver for rectillnearmovement thereon between forward and rear-ward positions, said wall of said receiver havinga cartridge ejection opening, said action slidehaving a wall slidably engaged with said wall'ofsaid receiver and including a solid closure portionengaged over and closing said cartridge ejectionopening in the, projected position of said actionslide, and said wall of said action slide having acartridge ejection opening forwardly of said solidportion and in rectilinear line with said cartridgeejection opening of said receiver adapted to reg-ister with. said cartridge ejection opening of thereceiver in the retracted position of the slide.

    5. In a firearm, a barrel, a receiver fixed tosaid barrel having a bolt guide .channel in axial'line with said barrel including an upper wall andside walls and having a downwardly extendingopen chamber below said bolt guide channel, aunit removably engaged in said open chamberhaving a; top. wall constituting the base of saidchannel, the external upper and side surfaces

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    2,640,396

    13of said receiver being substantially in longitudinalflush relation with the adjacent external upperand side surfaces of said barrel, a bolt engagedin said channel for rectilinear movement betweenforward closed and rearward open positions, said {)top wall of said unit having a locking abutmentwith respect to which said bolt has transversedownward and upward movement respectivelyinto locking and unlocking positions, and an ac-tion slide cooperatively connected to said bolt in- 10eluding a yoke member having upper and sideportions engaged exteriorly of said external upperand side surfaces of said barrel and receiver forrectilinear movement thereon between forwardand rearward positions, and a compression head J 5portion connected to said side portions of saidyoke member and disposed beneath said barreland forwardly of said receiver, and recoil springmeans disposed between said receiver and saidcompression head portion to impart projecting 20movement to said action slide.

    6. ,In a firearm, a barrel, a receiver fixed to

    said barrel having a bolt guide channel in axialline with said barrel and having a wall forminga side of said channel, the external upper and 2. 3side surfaces of said receiver being substantiallyin longitudinal flush relation with the adjacentexternal upper and side surfaces of said barrel,a bolt engaged in said channel of said receiver, anaction slide cooperatively connected to said bolt 30including a yoke member having longitudinallyextending upper and side portions engaged ex-teriorly of said external upper and side surfacesof said barrel and receiver for rectilinear move-ment thereon between forward and rearward po- 35sitions, said wall of said receiver having a car-tridge ejecting opening, one side portion of saidyoke member being slidably engaged with saidwall of said receiver and including a solid closureportion engaged over and closing said cartridge 40ejection opening in the projected position of saidaction slide, and having a cartridge ejection open-ing forwardly of said solidportion and in rectilin-ear line with said cartridge ejection opening ofsaid receiver adapted to register with said car- 45

    14tridge ejection opening of the receiver in the re-tracted position of the slide, a pair of forwardlyextending arms, one carried by each of said sideportions, and a compression head portion con-nected to said arms and disposed beneath saidbarrel and forwardly of said receiver substantiallymedially between said arms, longitudinal guidemeans at each side of said receiver for slidingengagement by said yoke portion, and longi-tudinal guide means at each side of said barrelfor sliding engagement by said compression headportion, said guide means of said receiver andsaid barrel each being open at their forward endswhereby said action slide is engageable therewithfrom the forward end of the firearm.

    GEORGE F. GREBEY.

    References Cited in the file of this patent

    UNITED STATES PATENTSNumber

    252,241544,660785,974834,354

    1,003,6321,044,7801,423,3581,427,9661,534,4861,738,7511,878,0382,279,9312,321,0442,356,7262,373;6222,377,7032,402,735

    2,474,180

    Number357,441610,312538,344

    Name DateMorris ----- Jan. 10, 1882Browning et al, Aug. 20, 1895McClean Mar. 28, 1905Ashton Oct. 30, 1906McClean Sept. 19, 1911Hammond Nov. 19, 1912Pedersen July 18, 1922Nickle Sept. 5, 1922Bang Apr. 21, 1925Bluchdorn Dec. 10, 1929Frommer Sept. 20, 1932Swebilius Apr. 14, 1942Roemer June 8, 1943Reising _---- Aug. 22, 1944Williams Apr. 10, 1945Loomis June 5, 1945Crockett June 25, 1946

    Browning June 21, 1949FOREIGN PATENTS

    Country DateFrance Nov. 10, 1905France June 5, 1926Great Britain July 30, 1941