greater paris, global big science equipment fab lab?...towards openness and collaboration...
TRANSCRIPT
Large Hadron Collider (LHC), Geneva, Switzerland
Greater Paris,Global Big Science Equipment Fab Lab?
Introduction Slide
• Who are we?
• International students (France, South Korea, China) enrolled in “Governing the Large Metropolis”
Masters programme in Sciences Po
• A research based on intuition of Greater Paris Investment Agency
• Capstone project conducted from February to June
• How did we conduct our research?
• Reports and articles (OECD, UNESCO, EU, Official websites of Scientific Organizations)
• Interviews with researchers and scientists from Greater Paris
• Visit of the Accelerators, Cryogenics and Magnetism Division (DACM) in CEA-Saclay
• Our general methodology
• Data collection
• Data treatment
• Data analysis
Background Information of Research
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• Aggregated monetary value of Big Science Equipment (BSE) located in France is the
highest
• French institutions involved in science are #1 biggest contributors in the most
prominent BSE in the world
• Greater Paris is the global European metropolis at the centre of Big Science
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Large Hadron Collider (LHC), Geneva, Switzerland
Greater Paris,Global Big Science Equipment Fab Lab?
Table of Contents
1. Greater Paris: An Attractive Region for Knowledge Production and Dissemination
2. Big Science and Big Science Equipment
3. Methodology and Global Big Science Equipment Overview
4. Positioning Greater Paris in the Global Landscape of Big Science Equipment
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5. Concluding Remarks
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European XFEL, Hambourg, Germany
Greater ParisAttractiveness
Greater Paris: An Attractive Region for Knowledge Production and Dissemination
• Academic fields of excellence (Academic Ranking of World University, 2015)
• Mathematics: Université Pierre Marie Curie (#5), Université Paris-Sud (#10)
• Physics: Université Paris-Sud (#23), Université Pierre Marie Curie (#29)
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Source: Institut de l’Amenagement du Territoire et de l’Urbanisme, Paris region key figures 2017, pp. 11-12
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Big ScienceEquipment
Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research in Europe (FAIR), Darmstadt, Germany
What is Big Science?
• Term coined by Alvin Weinberg(1961)
• Description of scientific research model during
and after World War II
• Example: Manhattan Project with United States,
Canada and United Kingdom
• Contrary to Small Science(or Little Science)
• Science research conducted in small scale
• Individuals, teams in universities
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Characteristics of Big Science
• Long term, large-scale scientific research
• Normally funded by a national government or a
group of governments
• Contribute to advancements in fundamental science
• Provide innovations that can be used in applied
science
• Spinoff technologies have impact on our daily life
• World Wide Web from CERN
• Particle accelerators for cancer treatment
Big Science
Big
Budget
Big
Staff
Big Equipment
Big Laboratories
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Towards Openness and Collaboration
• Scientific competition eased after the Cold War
• Tendency changed to enhancing openness and fostering collaboration of scientific research
• Term “open science” is used to describe the effort of scientific circle towards making research
data accessible and transparent
• Also driven by the motivation of achieving scientific advancement for the humanity
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Big Science Equipment
• Big Science Project (BSP) • Big Science Equipment (BSE)
Accelerators and Detectors at CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC)
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Big Science, BSP & BSE
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Field of Big Science
Big Science Project (BSP)
Big Science Equipment (BSE)
Produces
Utilizes
Means of experiment
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Methodology & Overview
Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA), Atacama Desert, Chile
Classification of BSE
77 BSE
- Almost 30 countries
- Data gathered through
official documents, articles
and reports
GLOBAL
BSE
LIST
Cost
Scientific Characteristics
Rarity
Location
International Collaboration
Operating Organisation
Scientific Domain
Country and city
Business/Government/Education/Private non profit
- Joint construction and operation
- Lead country collaborations
- Distributed science projects
- Domestic project
- Other: None of the above
Construction Cost/Operation & Management Cost
Number One/International/National/Other
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Construction Cost as a Strong Indicator for the Performance of BSE
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• Construction cost is correlated to the
level of performance of Big Science
Equipment
• Statistically significant (p<0.01)
relationship between construction
cost and rarity
Average construction cost of BSE by rarity
International
€ 68.32 MillionNational
€ 27.04 Million
Number One
€ 84.08 Million
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Overview of Global Big Science Equipment
Scientific Discipline
Location
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Physics
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Earth and Environmental Sciences
36% 25% 21% 5% 5% 5% 3%
Asia Europe North America South America
Africa Australia/Oceania Antarctica
62%
30%
8%
Physics Astronomy & Astrophysics Earth & Environmental
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Comparing the Number of BSE by Country
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Rarity of BSE by Country
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Mode of Collaboration of BSE
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Location of World’s 10 Most Expensive BSE
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Scientific Discipline
Const
ruct
ion C
ost
inB
illio
nEuro
s
7
3
Physics Astronomy & Astrophysics
* Estimated construction cost of BSE under construction, obtained from official sources
Chile
€1.3Germany
€1.357*
USA
€1.4*
France
€1.5*South Africa
€1.5*
USA
€2.852
France & Switzerland
€3
France
€12.8*
Sweden
€1.843*
France
€7
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Aggregated Value of Global Big Science Equipment by Country of Location
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(Million Euros)
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Synchrotron Soleil (SOLEIL), Saclay, France
PositioningGreater Paris
Identification of 9 Top-Class BSE
1) Construction Cost: Over 1 billion euros
2) Rarity: Number one and international
3) Mode of Collaboration: Internationally led
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Global BSE
Inventory
Selection of
9 Top-Class
BSE
1)Construction
Cost
2)Rarity 3)Mode of
Collaboration
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9 Top-Class BSE Map
Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA)
European Extremely Large Telescope (E-ELT)
European Spallation Source (ESS)
European XFEL
Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR)
ITER
Jules Horowitz Reactor (JHR)
Large Hydron Collider (LHC)
Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT) 25© Paris-Ile de France Capitale Economique & Sciences Po
Case Study: European XFEL
• Currently the largest and brightest X-ray laser in the world, located in Hamburg
• European collaboration (13 countries involved)
• Construction cost: 1,226 Million Euros
• CNRS and CEA as the only French stakeholders: In-kind contributors from these two national agencies are
located in Greater Paris
• 3.14% of the construction cost, equally divided between the two institutes
• Third position in terms of construction contribution among 13 countries involved
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Summary of Country Contribution to Top 9 BSE
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• Top 5 countries : France, USA, Russia, Germany, and Japan
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Research Institutes of the Top 5 Countries Involved in Top 9 BSE
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Recurrence of Institutes in the Construction of Top 9 BSE
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Greater Paris as a Cluster of Assets for Building Top 9 BSE
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CNRS
CEA
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What’s Next ? Towards Open Science?
• Europe as the biggest player in Big Science
• The European Union fosters collaboration and transparency for scientific projects
• Example: ITER
⇒ Matching context for Big Science and Open Science
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Greater Paris: International Hub for Big Science
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• Greater Paris can be considered as the international hub for Big Science in Europe
• Steps for further research: % of the workforce contributing to building or operating
the BSE, other indicators about contribution
• Examples: soft power (influence), impact on society as a whole and scientific value. Need to
be tested for Greater Paris
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ITER, Cadarache, France
ThankYou
Large Hadron Collider (LHC), Geneva, Switzerland
Greater Paris,Global Big Science Equipment Fab Lab?