Communication skillsPresentation

Group Members• Shoaib Ahmed (BS-CIS-50385)• Umar Farooq Khan (BS-CIS-50611)• Nadir Abrar (BS-CIS-50452)• Muhammad Dawood suleman

The Great Pyramids of Giza

introduction The great pyramid of Giza are three in number.Most were built as tombs for the country's pharaos.They were built over the span of three generations by the rulers Menkaure, Khafre, and Khufu.Pyramids are included in 7 wonders of the world.Pyramids of Giza held the title for worlds tallest men made structure over 3871 years.

Pyramid of Khufu

It is the oldest and largest of the three pyramids in the Giza.

It is the oldest of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World.

Its build during the rule of Khufu Pharaoh.

It constructed over a 20 years period.

Pyramid of Khufu Height: 146.5 m(481 ft).

The Great Pyramid was the tallest man-made structure  in the world for more than 3,800 years.

In AD 1301, a massive earthquake loosened many of the outer casing stones of pyramid.

king KhUFU

Khufu was the second pharaoh of the 4th dynasty.

Reign: 2589–2566 BC

He is not a good warrior nor a politician but history Know about him due to his great pyramid.

Construction Theories The Greeks believed that

slave labor was used.

Verner supposed that the labor consisting of two gangs of 100,000 men.

The Great Pyramid was surfaced by white "casing stones“.

Interior The original entrance to the

Great Pyramid is 17 meters (56 ft) vertically above ground level.

The "Queen's Chamber" is exactly half-way between the north and south faces of the pyramid.

Interior The “King's Chamber” is

10.47 meters (34.4 ft) from east to west.

The Great Pyramid is surrounded by a complex of several buildings including small pyramids.

This pyramid is the only one in Egypt known to have passages inside that go up and go down.

Pyramid of Khafre

The second-tallest and second-largest of the Ancient Egyptian Pyramids of Giza.

The tomb of the Fourth Dynasty  pharaoh Khafre.

Constructed: 2570 BCIt was first explored in

modern times by Italian archeologist Giovanni Belzoni on march 2,1818

king Khafra

The king of 4th dynasty. He was the son of Khufu. Reign:26 years, 2570 BC.

The builder of khafre pyramid

Some archeologist claim that he made The sphinx but no solid proof exists about this myth.

Diorite statue of Khafra, now in the Egyptian Museum at Cairo

ConstructionThe pyramid has a base length

of 215.5  m (706 Ft)A height of 136.4 meters

(448 ft.)Only approximately 10 feet

shorter than the Great Pyramid.The pyramid is made of

limestone blocks weighing more than 2 tons each

Bottom course of the cladding is pink granite but higher sections are clad in limestone

It has a slope angle of 53º.10.

Construction In casing the whole pyramid white limestone was used

that covers the top third of the pyramid.

The pyramid sits on bedrock 10 m (33 ft.) higher than Khufu’s pyramid, which makes it appear to be taller.

It is made of very large stones at bottom but as the pyramid rises, the stones become smaller, becoming only 50 cm

Interior: Burial chamberThe chamber is located in the

bedrock.It is rectangular 14 m by 5m.Khafre’s sarcophagus was carved out

of a solid block of granite and sunk partially in the floor.

Belzoni discovered an empty sarcophagus and Arabic writing which said that the pyramid had been opened in the time of King Ali Muhammad, approximately 1200 A.D.

Entrances to the burial chamberThere are two entrances to the

burial chamber

First that is cut through plateau bedrock; underground entrance.

The other opens 11.54 m (38 ft.) up the face of the pyramid.

The sphinx

It is a limestone statue of a reclining mythical creature with a lion's body and a human head) that stands infront of khafre pyramid,it is believed that his face represents pharaoh khafre’s face.

It is 73.5 meters long, 19.3 meters wide, and 20.22 m high.

No one knows much about it therefore it is popular idea of the "Riddle of the Sphinx"

Pyramid of Menkaure

o It is the smallest of the three Pyramids of Giza.

o It  built to serve as the tomb of the fourth dynasty Egyptian Pharaoh Menkaure.

o The pyramid's date of construction is unknown, because Menkaure's reign has not been accurately defined, but it was probably completed in the 26th century BC.

pharaoh Menkaure

Size and construction

o Menkaure's pyramid had an original height of 65.5 meters.

o Now its height is 61m(204 Ft).

o It was constructed of limestone and granite. The first sixteen courses of the exterior were made of red granite.

o The blocks of local stone in the walls of the mortuary temple weighed as much as 220 tons.

Interior

The inside of the ceiling of his tomb chamber has been cut to an arch.

Attempted demolitiono Tried To damage in 12th

century by Al-Malik Al-Aziz.

o They stayed at their job for eight months.

o They were not able to remove more than one or two stones each day.

Workers’ Village It was called Deir el-Medina It was discovered by Mark

Lehner and his team This town is located to the southeast

of the Khafre and Menkaure complexes.

Among the discoveries at the workers' village are communal sleeping quarters, bakeries, breweries and kitchens 

The workers' town discovered appears to date to the middle 4th dynasty (2520–2472 BC), 

Workers villageThe community contained around sixty-eight houses

spread over at total area of 5,600 m2 with a narrow road running through village.

When Greek historian Herodotus  visited Giza in 450 BC, he was told by Egyptian priests that "the Great Pyramid had taken 400,000 men 20 years to build, working in three-month shifts 100,000 men at a time.“

Evidence from the tombs indicates that a workforce of 10,000 laborers working in three-month shifts took around 30 years to build a pyramid.

Workers VillageResearchers into ancient law and

practice find a rich source of information recorded in the texts from the village

The Women were supplied with servants by the government to assist with the grinding of the grain and laundry tasks,

The wives of the workers cared for the children and baked the bread, a prime food source in these societies

Workers’ VillageThe workers and their families were not slaves but free

citizens with recourse to the justice system as required,

The community had its own court of law made up of a foreman, deputies, craftsmen and were authorised to deal with all civil and some criminal cases, typically relating to the non-payment of goods or services

The workmen and inhabitants of Deir el-Medina received care for their health problems through medical treatment, prayer, and magic.

Workers’ Village• In 25years of kingdom of Ramses III ( 1170 BCE)  the laborers

were so exasperated by delays in supplies they threw down their tools and walked off the job in what may have been the first sit-down strike in recorded history.

purpose of construction of pyramids

oThe pyramids of Giza and others are thought to have been constructed to house the remains of the deceased Pharaohs who ruled over Ancient Egypt

o It's theorized the pyramid not only served as a tomb for the Pharaoh, but also as storage for the various items he would need in the afterlife.

oThe people of Ancient Egypt believed that death on Earth was the start of a journey to the next world.

o  The embalmed body of the King was entombed underneath or within the pyramid to protect it and allow his transformation and ascension to the afterlife.

Thanks The glory of King is in the sky

His power is in the horizon...