gre words group

8/10/2019 GRE Words Group

1/62

GRE words group

alienate estrange ; cause someone previously friendly to become unfriendly or indifferent by unpopular of

distasteful actions ; transfer ownership to another; make hostile: separate

estrange to alienate

lacerate; mangle; tear

rend split; tear apart

sunder separate; part

gossamer sheer; like cobwebs

imponderable weightless

confine (shut up), (imprison); n. a boundary or bounded region; border; limit / [ld !oet." confinement/

[bs." a place of confinement v. to keep within limits; restrict [to confine a talk to ten minutes"/to keep shutup, as in prison, in bed because of illness, indoors, etc. #$%. limit

constraint compulsion; repression of feelings

custody (imprisonment) a guarding or keeping safe; care; protection; guardianship

detain vt. to keep in custody; confine / to keep from going on; hold back /[bs." to withhold

detentionn.a detaining or being detained; specif., a) a keeping in custody; confinement b) an enforced

delay/a form of punishment in which a student is re&uired to stay after school

duress forcible restraint, especially unlawfully

fetter shackle

incarceratevt. to imprison; 'ail / to shut up; confine

manacle , fetter or chain for the hands or feet / fetter with manacles ; restrain / handcuff

obligatory binding; re&uired

quarantine isolation of person or ship to prevent spread of infection

restraint; controlling force

seclusion a secluding or being secluded, retirement, isolation; isolation; solitude

sequester retire from public life; segregate; seclude

shackle chain; fetter

stringent strict, severe, that must be obeyed ; tight, difficult to operate because of scarcity of money;

binding; rigid

arrogance the state or manner of having too great pride in oneself / hughtiness; haughtness

arrogant unduly or ecessively proud, as of wealth, station, learning, etc

bloated swollen or puffed as with water or air

brazen insolent

bumptiousself*assertive

cavalier (escort) (careless)/ (arrogant) vt. gallant n. an armed horseman; knight / a gallant or courteous

gentleman, esp. one serving as a lady+s escort/ [*" a partisan of harles - of ngland in his struggles with

!arliament (01*012); 3oyalist: opposed to 3oundhead ad'. [*" a) of the avaliers b) associated with the

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court of harles - of ngland [avalier poets"/a) free and easy; gay b) casual or indifferent toward matters

of some importance c) haughty; arrogant; supercilious

conceit whimsical idea; etravagant metaphor

contumely scornful insolence; insult

disdain contempt ; scorn / look on with contempt ; think it dishonorable to do something ; be too proud;

treat with scorn or contempt

domineer rule over tyrennically

elated in high spirits ; proud / over'oyed;

haughtiness pride; arrogance

hubris arrogance; ecessive self*conceit

imperious commanding ; haughty ; arrogant ; urgent / domineering

imperiousness lordiness; domineering manner; arrogance

impertinent insolent

impudentad'. orig., immodest; shameless 4 shamelessly bold or disrespectful; saucy; insolent #$%.impertinent

insolent haughty and contemptuous

lofty very high

mincingaffectedly dainty

overweening presumptuous; arrogant

peremptory not to be disobeyed or &uestioned ; dogmatic ; insisting upon obedience ; imperious;

demanding and leaving no choice

pert impertinent; forward

pontificate

presumption arrogance; effrontery

presumptuous arrogant; taking liberties

pretentious claiming great merit or importance / ostentatious; ambitious

smug (spruce) ad'.orig., neat, spruce, trim, etc. / narrowly contented with one+s own accomplishments,

beliefs, morality, etc.; self*satisfied to an annoying degree; complacent

stilted bombastic; inflated

supercilious contemptuous; haughty

vain a ( futile )/ (of, about) ad'. having no real value or significance; worthless, empty, idle, hollow, etc.

[vain pomp" / without force or effect; futile, fruitless, unprofitable, unavailing, etc. [a vain endeavor" /

having or showing an ecessively high regard for one+s self, looks, possessions, ability, etc.; indulging in or

resulting from personal vanity; conceited / [5rchaic" lacking in sense; foolish

vaingloriousboastful; ecessively conceited

apprehend arrest a criminal; dread; perceive

apprehensive fearful about something that might happen ; &uick to understand ; perceptive; fearful;

discerning

hypochondriac one who suffers from morbid aniety / person unduly worried about his health; worrier

without cause about illness

misgivingsdoubts

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perturb disturb ; make afraid or anious; disturb greatly

qualm a fit of nausea

qualms misgivings

solicitousanious or concerned about someone+s welfare, etc ; eager to help or serve someone; worried;

concerned

appall. fill with fear or terror ; dismay ; shock deeply

cravencowardly

dastard coward

daunt intimidate

diffidentnot having much belief in one+s own abilities ; lacking in self*confidence ; shy

dismayvt. to make afraid or discouraged at the prospect of trouble or danger; fill with apprehension or

alarm; daunt n. a loss of courage or confidence at the prospect of trouble or danger; consternation#$%.6ismay suggests fear or, esp. in modern usage, discouragement at the prospect of some difficulty or

problem which one does not &uite know how to resolve [dismayed at his lack of understanding"; appall

suggests terror or (now more commonly) dismay at a shocking but apparently unalterable situation [an

appalling death rate"; horrify suggests horror or loathing (or, in a weakened sense, irritation) at that which

shocks or offends one [horrified at the suggestion"; daunt implies a becoming disheartened in the

performance of an act that re&uires some courage [never daunted by adversity"

intimidate

milquetoast aspar 7il&uetoast) a timid, shrinking, apologetic person

poltroon coward

pusillanimous cowardly; fainthearted

recreant coward; betrayer of faith

terrify

timorous fearful; demonstrating fear

weak sister (one who is cowardly, unreliable, etc.

drone idle person; male bee / talk dully; bu88 or mumur like a bee

indolencela8iness

indolenthabitually inactive or idle

sloth; la8iness; slow*moving tree dwelling mammal

slovensluggard la8y person

sluggish inactive ; slow*moving / la8y; lethargic; not easily aroused by activity; slow to respond

supine (indolent) lying on back

torpor(torpidity) lethargy; sluggishness; dormancy

truant

affected artificial: pretended

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aggrandizemake someone or a nation greater in power, wealth, rank, etc. ; eaggerate; increase or

intensify

blowhard a very boastful and talkative person [syn: braggart, boaster, line*shooter, vaunter"

bluff bluff . (!oker) 9o deter (an opponent) from taking the risk of betting on his hand of cards, as the

bluffer does by betting heavily on his own hand although it may be of less value. [. #." 4. 9o frighten or

deter from accomplishing a purpose by making a show of confidence in one+s strength or resources; as, he

bluffed me off. [ollo&." n. . 5 high, steep bank, as by a river or the sea, or beside a ravine or plain; a cliff

with a broad face. each, bluff, and wave, adieu. **


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rhetorical pertaining to effective communication; insincere in language

stilted bombastic; inflated

strut pompous walk / supporting bar

stumid swollen; pompous; bombastic

turgid swollen; distended

vaunted boasted; bragged; highly publici8ed

affinitya close relationship ; likeness ; strong liking or attraction; kinship

apt

bent determined; natural talent or inclination ad'. made curved or crooked; not straight 4 strongly

inclined or determined: with on [bent on going" = set in a course; bound [westward bent" 1 [#lang" a)

dishonest; crooked b) eccentric; odd n. an inclination; tendency 4 a natural leaning or tendency;

propensity [a bent for music, a criminal bent" = a framework transverse to the length of a structure, for

supporting lateral as well as vertical loads

disposition

endearment fond statement

gusto en'oyment; enthusiasm

inclination

inclineslipe; slant

leaning

partial

partialityinclination; bias

penchant strong inclination; liking

predilection special liking ; mental preference; partiality; preference

predisposition

proclivity a natural or habitual tendency, or inclination especially toward something discreditable / natural

tendency

proneness

propensity a natural inclination or tendency

tendency

tendentious having an aim; designed to further a cause

ablution the act of washing one+s body or a part of it as a religious ceremony

chaste pure, free from obscenity

disinfection

expurgatetake out from a book what is considered to be improper or ob'ect on able parts / clean; remove

offensive parts of a book

hygiene

immaculatepure ; faultless ; without a spot or stain ; perfectly clean ; right in every detail / spotless

impeccable faultless ; incapable of doing wrong

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lave wash

pristine characteristic of earlier times; primitive; unspoiled

purge clean by removing impurities; to clear of charges

purify

sanitation

sterilization

coda concluding section of a musical or literary composition

culminate vi. to reach its highest or lowest altitude: said of a celestial body 4to reach its highest point or

clima; result (in) vt. to bring to its clima; cap

epilogue peroration, prologue ;

finale conclusion

interminable endless ; unable to be ended ; tedious because too long

prorogue dismiss parliament; end officially

terminate bring to an end ; come to an end / to bring to an end

truncate cut the top off

dawdle be slow, waste time / loiter;

dissipate s&uander

extravagant

fritter waste

improvident not looking to future needs ; wasteful / thriftless

lavish liberal; wasteful

loiter hand aroud; linger

muddle muddled state, confusion of ideas / bring into a state of confusion and disorder / confuse; mi up

niggle spend too much time on minor points; carp

prodigal wasteful ; too free in giving or spending ; abundant; wasteful; reckless with money

prodigality

profligacy shameless viciousness

profligateprofligate person / shamelessly immoral ; reckless, etravagant; dissipated; wasteful; licentious

profuse very plentiful or abundant ; lavish or etravagant ; giving generously

profusion lavish ependiture; overabundant condition

spendthrift

squander waste

thriftless

unthrifty

waster

wastrel profligate

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agitation; eitement of the mind or feelings, aniety ; discussion or debate for the purpose of bringing

about a change ; social or political unrest or trouble / strong feeling; ecitement

altercation &uarrel or noisy argument; wordy &uarrel

bicker&uarrel; to &uarrel vi. to have a petty &uarrel; s&uabble 4 to move with &uick, rippling noises [a

bickering brook" = to flicker, twinkle, etc. n. a petty &uarrel 4 a rippling or pattering sound

brabble (with) vi.[5rchaic" to &uarrel noisily over trifles n.&uarrelsome chatter

contend struggle ; be in rivalry or competition ; argue ; assert / compete; assert earnestly

contentious &uarrelsome

contest dispute

controvert dispute about ; deny, oppose / oppose with arguments; contradict

disputatious argumentative; fond of argument

dispute vi. to argue; debate 4to &uarrel vt. to argue or debate (a &uestion); discuss pro and con 4to

&uestion the truth of; doubt =to oppose in any way; resist 1to fight for; contest [to dispute every foot of

ground" n. a disputing; argument; debate 4a &uarrel =[bs." a fight #$%. discuss, argument beyond

dispute not open to dispute or &uestion; settled 4indisputably in dispute still being argued about; not

settled

haggle argue or dispute especially the price of something or the terms of a bargain / argue about prices

incontrovertible that cannot be disputed / indisputable

moot debatable

polemic controversy; argument in support of point of view

polemical

problematic perpleing; unsettled; &uestionable

spat" n.[3are" a slap/a &uick, slapping sound/[ollo&." a brief, petty &uarrel or dispute vi.[3are" to slap/tostrike with a &uick, slapping sound/[ollo&." to engage in a spat, or &uarrel vt.[3are" to slap #$%. &uarrel

squabblevi.to &uarrel noisily over a small matter; wrangle n.a noisy, petty &uarrel or dispute; wrangle #$%.

&uarrel4

tiff n. a slight fit of anger or bad humor; huff; pet/ a slight &uarrel; spat vi. to be in or have a tiff

wranglesuch an argument / take part in a noisy or angry argument / &uarrel; obtain through erhuing; herd

cattle

acidulous slightly sour: sharp: caustic #lightly sour; sub*acid; sourish; as, an acidulous tincture. **.

urke. 5cidulous mineral waters, such as contain carbonic anhydride.

bilious suffering from indigestion; irritable

churl . 5 rustic; a countryman or laborer. >>5 peasant or churl.++ **#penser. $our rank is all reversed; let

men of cloth ow to the stalwart churls in overalls. **merson. 4. 5 rough, surly, ill*bred man; a boor. 5

churl+s courtesy rarely comes, but either for gain or falsehood. **#ir !. #idney. =. 5 selfish miser; an illiberal

person; a niggard. ?ike to some rich churl hoarding up his pelf. **6rayton

crabbed sour; peevish ad'. peevish; morose; ill*tempered; cross / hard to understand because intricate or

complicated / hard to read or make out because cramped or irregular [crabbed handwriting"

cumbersome burdensome ; heavy and awkward to carry / hard to mange

fastidious difficult to please; s&ueamish

finicky too particular; fussy

fractious irritable, peevish, bad*tempered / unruly

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intractable unruly or stubborn ; not easily controlled or dealt with; unruly; refractory

malcontent a person who is not contented / discontented and inclined to rebel / person dissatisfied with

eisting state of affairs

martinet strict disciplinarian

meticulous ecessively careful

morose ill*humored; sullen

mutinous unruly; rebellious

overnice ad'. too nice; too fastidious, precise, etc.

petulant touchy; peevish

recalcitrant obstinately stubborn

refractory resisting control, discipline, etc. wilful ; not yielding to treatment ; hard to melt, fuse or work;

stubborn; unmanageable

restive unmanageable; fretting under control ad'. refusing to go forward; balky, as a horse / hard to

control; unruly; refractory / nervous or impatient under pressure or restraint; restless; unsettled #$%.

contrary

shrew scolding woman

squeamish ad'. having a digestive system that is easily upset; easily nauseated; &ueasy / easily shocked or

offended; prudish / ecessively fastidious; oversensitive #$%. dainty

touchy sensitive; irascible; sensitive; irritable

unruly not easily controlled ; disorderly / disobedient; lawless

untowardunfortunate; annoying

vixen female fo; ill*tempered woman

wantonunruly; unchaste; ecessive

besmear

besmirch soil; defile vt. to make dirty; soil 4 to bring dishonor to; sully

blotch n. a discolored patch or blemish on the skin 4 any large blot or stain vt. to cover or mark with

blotches

blur

brindled tawny or grayish with streaks or spots

dappled spotted

defile make something dirty ; destroy the purity of; pollute; profane

disheveled untidy

filthy

fleck spot

frowzy slovenly; unkempt; dirty

immaculate pure ; faultless ; without a spot or stain ; perfectly clean ; right in every detail / spotless

mottled spotted

piebald mottled; spotted

pied variegated; multicolored

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slovenly of or like a sloven / untidy; careless in work habits

smear

sordid filthy; base; vile

squalid dirty; neglected; poor

squalor

tainted contaminated; corrupt

unkempt untidy ; uncombed / disheveled; with uncared for appearance

abash embarrass, to destroy the self*confidence,poise,or self*possession of;disconsert;make ashamed or

embarrassed

addle rotten: muddled; cra8y . ?i&uid filth; mire. [bs." 4. ?ees; dregs. [!rov. ng." **


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trepidationfear; trembling agitation

turmoil confusion; strife

vacillation fluctuation; wavering

welterwallow / turmoil; bewildering 'umble

accede agree ; take up a position ; succeed ; become a member of an organi8ation

accolade bestowed of a knighthood by a tap on the shoulder with the flat of a sword ; praise ; approval;

award of merit

accord the state of being in agreement or harmony; be in agreement or harmony ; give,grant to agree; to

be in harmony; to grant or bestow

acquiesce to assent tacitly ;submit or comply silently or without protest ; assent; agree passively

assent agreement / agree to something / accept

compact

concur agree, be in harmony ; happen at the same time ; work together

concurrent happening at the same time

conformity harmony; agreement

congruence correspondence of parts; harmonious relationship

congruous (to, with); ad'. congruent / corresponding to what is right, proper, or reasonable; fitting;

suitable; appropriate

consort associate with

converge come towards each other and meet at a point / come together

seconder

stand-by

unanimity complete agreement or unity

uniformity sameness; consistency; monotony

unison concord or agreement / unity of pitch; complete accord

articulate say words or speak distinctly ; connect by 'oints / in which the separate sounds and words are

clear ; able to put thoughts and feelings into clear speech; effective; distinct

babble chatter idly

drone idle person; male bee / talk dully; bu88 or mumur like a bee

eloquent

enunciate speak distinctly

glib fluent; spoken easily but with little thought ; fluent

mumble

murmur

mutter

prattle babble

stammer

stuttering

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verbiage unnecessary words for the epression of an idea, etc. / pompous array of words

voluble lo&uacious ; able to talk very &uickly and easily ; fluent ; rotating / glib

austere strict; stern

brevity shortness of statements, human life and other nonmaterial things; conciseness

concise brief ; giving much information in few words; brief and compact

curt (abrupt) ad'.orig., short or shortened / brief, esp. to the point of rudeness; terse or brus&ue [a curt

reply" #$%. blunt

epigrammatic *ically ad. of the epigram or full of epigrams / having the nature of an epigram; terse, witty,

etc. 5lso

laconic brief and to the point

pithy concise; meaty

proverb

quietaholic

reticent not saying all that is known or felt ; in the habit of saving little; reserved; uncommunicative,

inclined to silence

sententious dull and morali8ing ; having an air of wisdom ; in the habit of saying or writing things in a

short and witty manner; terse; concise; aphoristic

succinct terse ; epressed briefly and clearly; brief; terse; compact

taciturn habitually silent; talking little

terse concise; abrupt; pithy

vignette picture; short literary sketch

amicable done in friendly way ; peaceful

amity friendship

bonhomie good nature; pleasant, affable manner; amiability

convivialgay ; cheerful ; fond of chatting, merry*making, drinking, etc. ; of a feast or an official dinner;

festive; gay; characteri8ed by 'oviality

debonair friendly; aiming to please

jaunty stylish; perky; carefree

jocund merry

jovial good*natured; merry

resilient bouncing or springing back into shape, position, etc. after being stretched, bent or compressed ;

buoyant in disposition / elastic; having the power of springing back

sanguine hopeful ; optimistic ; having a red compleion; cheerful; hopeful

spruce neat and trim

suavity urbanity; polish

vivacious lively,high*spirited,gay; animated; gay

winsome; attractive ; pleasing, bright / agreeable; gracious; engaging

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belie give a wrong or untrue idea of ; fail to 'ustify or be e&ual to what is hoped for or promised; contradict;

give a false impression

contravene go against a law, a custom, etc. ; attack a statement, a principle, etc. / contradict; infringe on

discordantnot in agreement ; not harmonious ; harsh / inharmonious; conflicting

discrepancy difference ; absence of agreement; lack of consistency; difference

disparity ine&uality ; difference / condition of ine&uality

dissent disagreement in opinion / have a different opinion from ; refuse to assent to ; refuse to accept the

religious doctrine of the huch of ngland

dissident person who disagrees ; dissenter / disagreeing

dissonant

divergent get farther apart from a point,or from each other as they progress / disffering; deviating

friction clash in opinion; rubbing against

incompatible

implacable that cannot be appeased ; relentless / incapable of being pacified

incoherence lack of relevance; lack of intelligibility

incoherent not logically coordinated, as to parts, elements, or details

incongruitylack of harmony; absurdity

incongruous not fitting; absurd

inconsistency

irreconcilable incompatible; not able to be resolved

oxymoron

paradox statement that seems to say something opposite to common sense or the truth, but which may

contain a truth; statement that looks false but is actually correct

rent

repugnance loathing

schism division; split

anesthetic substance that removes sensation with or without loss of consciousnes

callous (hardened; unfeeling

impassive showing no sign of feeling ; unmoved / without feeling; not affected by pain

insensate without feeling

insensible unconscious; unresponsive

opiate sleep producer; deadener of pain

soporific sleep producer

stolid (dull) dull; impassive

stupefactiona stupefying or being stupefied / stunned ama8ement or utter bewilderment

stupor almost unconscious condition caused by shock, drugs, alcohol, etc.; state of apathy; da8e; lack of

awareness

torpid dormant; dull; lethargic

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hefty

ponderous weighty; unwiedy

preponderous

atrophy

attenuate make thin or slender ; weaken

callous (hardened; unfeeling

debilitate make weak; weaken; enfeeble

debility

decrepitude

devitalize

drowsiness

effeminacy

enervate deprive of strength, force, vigor, etc. ; weaken physically, mentally, or morally / weakened

enfeeble

flabby

flaccid flabby

flagging weak; drooping

impassive showing no sign of feeling ; unmoved / without feeling; not affected by pain

impotent weak; ineffective

indolent habitually inactive or idle

inertia state of being inert or indisposed to move

inertness

insensatewithout feeling

insensible unconscious; unresponsive

lackadaisical affectedly languid

laggard slow; sluggish

languid weary; sluggish; listless

languor

lassitude

lax careless

lethargy a condition of abnormal drowsiness or torpor ; a great lack of energy ; being uninterested

listless too tired to show interest or do anything; lacking in spirit or energy

loaf

loiter hand aroud; linger

loll vi. to lean or lounge about in a relaed or la8y manner 4to hang in a relaed manner; droop [the dog+s

tongue lolled out" vt. to let droop or hang loosely n. [5rchaic" the act of lolling

phlegmaticcalm; not easily disturbed

remiss, careless of duty / negligent

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sap

senility old age; feeblemindedness of old age

sloth la8iness; slow*moving tree dwelling mammal

sluggard la8y person

sluggish inactive ; slow*moving / la8y; lethargic; not easily aroused by activity; slow to respond

somnolent sleepy ; almost asleep ; causing sleep / half asleep

stolid (dull) dull; impassive


awareness

supine (indolent) lying on back

torpid dormant; dull; lethargic

torpor (torpidity) lethargy; sluggishness; dormancy

foolhardyrash

temerarious rash

temerity boldness; rashness

venturesome bold

anhydrous withered

arid dry; barren

barren

colander utensil with perforated bottom used for straining

deluge great flood ; heavy fall of rain ; anything coming in a heavy rush / flood ; come down on; fiood;

rush

deplete empty until little or none remains ; use up ; ehaust; reduce; ehaust

desiccant

desiccate dry up

drain

drench

drought

exsiccate

hydrate

immerse

inundate flood ; cover with water by over*flowing ; deluge; overflow; flood

macerate

parch

saturate soak

scorch

sear

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soak

sodden soaked; dull, as if from drink

steep soak

asinine stupid

buffoon a clown

bungler

dolt stupid person

dupe n. a person easily tricked or fooled vt. to deceive by trickery; fool or cheat #$%. cheat

farcical

fatuity

fatuous foolish; inane

folly a lack of understanding, sense, or rational conduct; foolishness 4 any foolish action or belief = any

foolish and useless but epensive undertaking 1 a) [bs." wickedness or evil; also, lewdness b) action that

ends or can end in disaster #ee also follies

imbecile

impolitic not wise

imprudent lacking caution; in'udicious

inane silly; senseless

inept not suitable to the purpose ; wrong in a foolish and awkward way; unsuited; absurd; incompetent

jester

lout clumsy person

ludicrous laughable; trifling

mooncalf

oaf stupid, awkward person

obtuseblunt; stupid

pantaloon .

puerility

sap head

schlemiel

schmo schmoe

simp ! simpleton simpleton)

soft head

softy softie

stick-in-the-mud

stultify cause to appear foolish or inconsistent

stupe


awareness

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tomfool

vacuous empty; inane

vapid insipid; inane

witless foolish; idiotic

zany n. a clown or buffoon; specif 4a silly or foolish person; simpleton a) comical in an etravagantly

ludicrous or slapstick manner b) foolish or cra8y

acumen mental keenness ;keen insight; shrewdness

apprehensive fearful about something that might happen ; &uick to understand ; perceptive; fearful;

discerning

clairvoyant a clairvoyant person / having the power of seeing things not seen by other persons ; unusually

keen / fortuneteller / having foresight

discerning mentally &uick and observant; having insight

epiphany any appearance or bodily manifestation of a deity

eruditehaving or showing a wide knowledge gained from reading ; learned; learned; scholarly

erudition high degree of knowledge and learning

judicious showing or having good sense; wise; determined by sound 'udgment

perspicacious; &uick to 'udge and understand / having insight; penetrating; astute

sagacious keen; shrewd; having insight

contumacious resisting authority ; obstinate and disobedient

defiance challenge); the act of defying; open, bold resistance to authority or opposition / a challenge

insubordinate disobedient ; rebellious

insurgent a person engaged in surgent activity / rebellious ; rising in revolt ; in revolt against the

leadership of a political party

insurrection rebellion; uprising

malcontenta person who is not contented / discontented and inclined to rebel / person dissatisfied with

eisting state of affairs

mutineer) mutiny

mutinous unruly; rebellious

rebel n. one who engages in armed resistance against the established government of one+s country / a

person who resists any authority or controls / [often 3*" name for a onfederate soldier in the ivil


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avert (turn away,turn aside ; avoid ; prevent; prevent; turn away

balk n. a ridge of unplowed land between furrows 4 a roughly hewn piece of timber = a beam used in

construction 1 something that obstructs or thwarts; check, hindrance, disappointment, etc. A [bs." a

blunder; error 0 aseball an illegal motion by the pitcher, such as an uncompleted motion to throw to a

base, while one foot is on the rubber: it entitles each base runner to advance one base B illiards any of the

outer spaces between the cushions and the balkline vt. orig., to make balks in (land) 4 to obstruct or

thwart; foil = [5rchaic" to miss or let slip by 1 aseball to force (a base runner to score from third base) bycommitting a balk vi. to stop and obstinately refuse to move or act 4 to hesitate or recoil (at) = to make a

balk in baseball #$%. frustrate

circumvent prevent a plan from being carried out, frustrate; outwit; baffle

defer

deterrent something that discourages; hindrance

encumber get in the way of ; be a burden to ; choke up

forestall . upset somebody or his plans by doing something unepectedly early ; buy up ; do something

first and so prevent another from doing it; prevent by taking action in advance

hamper obstruct

hindranceblock; obstacle

impede hinder; block

impediment a thing which hinders ; an obstacle ; a defect in speech / hindrance; stumbling* block

inhibit; hinder, restrain ; forbid / prohibit;

lag lag vi. (Cged; Cging) (behind) 4 (linger); D 1

obstructionist

pester (ve), vt.to annoy constantly or repeatedly with petty irritations; bother; ve/[bs." to overcrowd;

cram

preclude prevent ; make impossible in advance; make impossible; eliminate

procrastinate delay action ; keep on putting off / postpone;

retard

seditionary

slackenslow up; loosen

stonewaller

stymie present an obstacle; stump

temporize delay making a decision, giving an answer, stating one+s purpose etc. ; act so as to gain time;

avoid committing oneself; gain time

thwart baffle; frustrate

apostate, one who abandons his faith / one who abandons his religious faith or political beliefs

convert

neophyteperson who has newly been converted to some belief or religion ; beginner; recent convert;

beginner

perfidious faithless ; treacherous / basely false

perfidyviolation of a trust

17


18/62

proselyte a person who has been converted from one religion to another, or from one belief, sect, party,

etc. to another to try to convert (a person), esp. to one+s religion / to persuade to do or 'oin something, esp.

by offering an inducement

proselytize convert to a religion or belief

quisler

rattlesnake

recreant coward; betrayer of faith

renegade person who changes his religious beliefs ; person who deserts his political party ; traitor /

deserter; apostate

tergiversation evasion; fickleness

traitor

treacherousness

vavasor

vert

capricewhim

capriciousflickle; incalculable

conceit whimsical idea; etravagant metaphor

cranky (eccentric); ad'. in poor condition; apt to operate poorly / irritable; cross / &ueer; eccentric/ [3are"

full of turns; crooked/ %aut. liable to lurch or capsi8e; unsteady #$%. irritable

crotchetyecentric; whimsical

faltering falter vi. to move uncertainly or unsteadily; totter; stumble / to stumble in speech; speak

haltingly; stammer / to act hesitantly; show uncertainty; waver; flinch [to falter under enemy fire" / to lose

strength, certainty, etc.; weaken [the economy faltered" vt. to say hesitantly or timidly n. a faltering / a

faltering sound

fanciful whimsical; visionary

fantastic unreal; grotes&ue; whimsical

fickle often changing ; not constant; changeable; faithless

flux flowing; series of changes

frivolous a. (trifling), (silly) ad'. of little value or importance; trifling; trivial / not properly serious or

sensible; silly and light*minded; giddy [a frivolous remark, a frivolous youth"

intersperse ...

mercurial fickle; changing

metamorphose

monotonysameness leading to boredom

moodiness fits of depression or gloom

mutable liable to change ; likely to change / changing in form; fickle

protean versatile; able to take on many shapes

quicksilver

quirk startling twist; caprice

skittish lively; frisky

18


19/62

tantrum fit of petulance; caprice

transitiona passing from one condition, period, form, stage, activity, place, etc. to another / going from

one state of action to another

transmutechange the shape, nature or substance of / convert to something different

vacillation fluctuation; wavering

vagary) caprice; whim

vagrant

vicissitudechange, especially in somebody+s fortunes; change of fortune

volatile evaporating rapidly; lighthearted; mercurial

wanton unruly; unchaste; ecessive

waver vi.to swing or sway to and fro; flutter / to show doubt or indecision; find it hard, or be unable, to

decide; vacillate / to become unsteady; begin to give way; falter / to tremble; &uaver: said of the voice, etc.

/ to vary in brightness; flicker: said of light / to fluctuate / to totter n. the act of wavering, trembling,

vacillating, etc.

whimsical capricious; fanciful; &uaint

nemesis revenging agent

reprisal in'ury or revenge done in return for an in'ury, especially by one country to another in a war;

retaliation

requite repay; revenge

retaliate repay in kind usually for bad treatment

vendetta feud; private warfare

vengeance n. the return of an in'ury for an in'ury, in punishment or retribution; avenging of an in'ury or

offense; revenge / the desire to make such a return

vindicate . prove the 'ustice, truth, validity, etc. of; clear of charges

abjure renounce upon oath

abnegate to renounce (a right or privilege); . to refuse or deny oneself (some rights, conveniences)

;re'ect 4. to relin&uish ; give up

abnegation repudiation; self*sacrifice

contravene go against a law, a custom, etc. ; attack a statement, a principle, etc. / contradict; infringe on

controvert dispute about ; deny, oppose / oppose with arguments; contradict

demur delay; ob'ect

desist cease ; stop ; give up

disavow deny belief, approval or knowledge ; refuse

disavowal denial; disclaiming

discard

disclaim give up ; re'ect ; deny; disown; renounce claim to

discredit loss of credit or reputation / refuse to believe or have confidence in / defame; destroy confidencein; disbelieve

disprove

19


20/62

dissent disagreement in opinion / have a different opinion from ; refuse to assent to ; refuse to accept the

religious doctrine of the huch of ngland

flout re'ect; mock

gainsay deny

negate

negation denial

override

protest

rebuff snub; beat back

rebut to contradict

renege deny; go back on

renounce consent formally to give up a claim, right, possession, etc. ; refuse to acknowledge ; disown;

abandon; discontinue; disown; repudiate

repel vt.to drive or force back; hold or ward off [to repel an attack"/to refuse to accept, agree to, or submitto; re'ect [to repel advances"/ to refuse to accept (a person); spurn [to repel a suitor"/ a) to cause distaste

or dislike in; disgust [the odor repelled him" b) to cause (insects, etc.) to react by staying away/ a) to be

resistant to, or present an opposing force to [a coating that repels moisture" b) to fail to mi with or adhere

to [water repels oil" vi. to drive off, or offer an opposing force to, something / to cause distaste, dislike, or

aversion

repudiate disown ; say that one will have nothing more to do with ; refuse to accept or acknowledge ;

refuse to pay an obligation or dept; disown; disavow

revoke

withhold

apparent

elucidate eplain ; make clear ; throw light on a problem, or difficulty / enlighten; to make understandable

evince show that one has a feeling, &uality, etc.; show clearly

explicit clearly stated and leaving nothing implied ; outspoken ; saying what is meant without reservation

or disguise; definite; open

incontrovertible that cannot be disputed / indisputable

indisputablethat cannot be disputed ; un&uestionable / too certain to be disputed

indubitable that cannot be doubted; un&uestionable

limpidclear

lucid clear ; lucent; bright; easily understood

manifest understandable; clear

noncommittal; not committing oneself to a definite course or to either side in a dispute, etc. / neutral;

unpledged; undecided

overt open to view

palpable that can be felt or touched ; clear to the mind; tangible; easily perceptible

patent open for the public to read; obvious

pellucid transparent; limpid; easy to understand

perspicuous plainly epressed

20


21/62

tangiblethat can be perceived by touch ; clear and definite ; real; able to be touched; real; palpable

transparent allowing light to pass through ; about which there can be no mistake or doubt / permitting

light to pass through freely; easily detected

unequivocal clear, having one only possible meaning / plain; obvious

unerringly plain; obvious

dim

filmy

hazy slightly obscure; not clear; vague

murky

nebulous cloudy; ha8y

opaque dark; not transparent

opaqueness

sooty

turbid muddy; having the sediment disturbed

abusive using insults and curses ; of wrong use / coarsely insulting; physically harmful

admonish blame or scold gently ; warn ; give advice to someone; warn: reprove

affront an open insult / insult someone openly and on purpose ; meet death face to face

anathema formal declaration of the church, ecommunicating somebody or condemning something as evil;

solemn curse

anathematize curse

animadvert

arraign charge in court; indict

aspersion the act of sprinkle water ; slander; slanderous remark

assail assault

averse unwilling ; opposed / reluctant

berate scold sharply / scold strongly vt.to scold or rebuke severely

billingsgate vituperation; abusive language

blasphemous profane; impious

bluster (n. . Eitful noise and violence, as of a storm; violent winds; boisterousness. 9o the winds they set

9heir corners, when with bluster to confound #ea, air, and shore. **7ilton. 4. %oisy and violent or

threatening talk; noisy and boastful language. **?+strange. #yn: %oise; boisterousness; tumult; turbulence;

confusion; boasting; swaggering; bullying.

calumniate slander

calumny malicious misrepresentation; slander

castigation punishment; severe criticism

censorious critical

censure blame; critici8e

chastise punish

21


22/62

chide scold

contemn regard with contempt; disregard

contempt scorn; disdain

contumely scornful insolence; insult

culpable blameworthy,deserving punishment; deserving blame

decry disparage

defamation harm that is given to one+s reputation ; slander / harming a person+s reputation

defame to slander

denigrate blacken

denouncecondemn; critici8e

deprecate (feel and epress disapproval of; disapprove regretfully

deprecatory disapproving

derogatory tending to damage or take away from one+s credit, etc. ; insulting; epressing a low opinion

despise scorn

detest

detraction slandering; aspersion

diatribe bitter scolding; invective

disapprobation disapproval; condemnation

disapproval

disdain contempt ; scorn / look on with contempt ; think it dishonorable to do something ; be too proud;

treat with scorn or contempt

disparage say that someone or something is of small value or importance ; speak ill of; belittle

epithet an epression which give a good description, eg. #ophocles, the wise one / descriptive word or

phrase

excoriate flay; abrade

execrable deserving hate ; abominable ; very bad

execrate ; curse; epress abhorrence for

expletive (), (); inter'ection; profane oath

flak [", , / [" , ; !"(#$%&'()*+) ,-.

/0112, 34()541-.678(9:;?@1*.AB) n.the fire of antiaircraft

guns / [ollo&." strong, clamorous criticism, opposition, etc.

flay CDEF;; GHstrip off skin; plunder

flout


23/62

hurl ^_`ab/ D(E cd(at) / eab; fg(pitch) vt. to throw or fling with force or

violence / to cast down; overthrow / to utter vehemently [to hurl insults" vi. to throw or fling something / to

move with force or violence; rush

hypercritical 7/ b>@_hi; finding too much to critici8e / ecessively eacting

ignominyj, klm, n@opqrs, tr loss of one+s reputation; shame and dishonor; infamy 4

disgraceful, shameful, or contemptible &uality, behavior, or act

imprecate ; u=`v;wxcurse; pray that evil will befall

imprecation ;a curse

impugn [yl,rs,y3zsw",; {; |5; R,RS; !Sattack by

argument or criticism,epress doubt about a statement,act,&uality,etc.; doubt; challenge; gainsay

imputation; }~; charge; repraoch

incriminate wb; [[w"/ , ;accuse of a crime ; say that someone is

guilty of wrongdoing

indignity j, TUoffensive or insulting treatment

invective ,u; [pl"; bJvabuse language ; curses ; violent epressions

inveigh ; =>Edenounce; utter censure or invective

libel ; lmdefamation

libelouslm, ,7, 7defamatory; in'urious to the good name of a person

malediction ; ucurse ; prayer to Fod that someone or somthing may be destroyed, hurt, etc

malign; ,, (*).q, uyspeak evil of; defame; to slander

maul

mock

mortify E_,;E_; (?zsw)(); rEcause someone to be

ashamed, humiliated, or hurt in his feelings ; discipline bodily passions or overcome bodily desires;

humiliate; punish the flesh

mudslinger E,, 78

nauseate , nausea

objurgate {_@; scold; rebuke severely

obloquy , ; u, ; klm/ bJv; bad words spoken of a person or thing ; ill repute ; disgrade /

slander; disgrace; infamy

opprobrium @, klm; U; / l, uthe disgrace or infamy attached to conduct viewed as

grossly shameful ; scorn ; reproach / vilification

pan

peace monger

pejorative TU1$,C@wv7having a deteriorating or depreciating effect on the meaning of a word

pelf /?; TU1.5stolen property; money or wealth in a contemptuous sense

rail }b8, @scold; rant

rate

rebuke ;

recrimination ; accusation made in return for one already made ; countercharge;

countercharges

remonstrate 2,=w,say or plead in protest, ob'ection, complaints, etc.

23


24/62

reprehend 3

reprehensible Y; Edeserving to be blamed; deserving blame

reprimand

reproach ,3; (); @; klm; blame; censure

reprobate [,; >-./08; ()}~,person hardened in sin, devoid of a

sense of decency

reprobation ; 3severe disapproval

reprove ; }~find fault with ; say sharp words to; censure; rebuke

revile ,swear at, abuse; slander; vilify

scathe

slander ,; lmdefamation; utterance o false and malicious statements

slater . =4. 78

slight

slur

smear

sneer

sordid pq,k,@,TUofilthy; base; vile

spurn `,t; TUre'ect; scorn

stigmatize ([w)...; $; E;describe somebody scornfully; brand; mark as

wicked

stricture ; critical comments; severe and adverse criticism

tirade ; ; etended scolding; denunciation

traduce ,j; / say untrue or malicious things about ; slander / epose to slander

umbrage #; ; ; jresentment; anger; sense of in'ury or insult

upbraid ; >[scold; reproach

vilifier ,

vilify slander

vituperate @,

!!

abscond|,wt/ |Cgo away suddenly and hide / depart secretly and hide

abstruse{; ; j; {; =;]deep in meaning ; difficult to understand; obscure:

profound: difficult to understand;recondite

arcane isecret; mysterious

cache

clandestinei; isecret

conclavei&private meeting

covert i; ; v; isecret; hidden; implied

24


25/62

crabbed .q; /{; sour; peevish ad'. peevish; morose; ill*tempered; cross / hard to

understand because intricate or complicated / hard to read or make out because cramped or irregular

[crabbed handwriting"

cryptic; t; imysterious; hidden; secret

enigmatic kC; nn1$obscure; pu88ling

esotericE=; i,known only to the chosen few

furtive istealthy

incognito E, r; l/ E;, l-./ r; concealed under a disguised identity ;

with an assumed name / with one+s name, identity, etc. concealed / with identity concealed; using an

assumed name

inconspicuous

intricate ,; 4jw,complicated ; difficult to follow or understand

lurk

obscure q; ,j; _; _dark; vague; unclear; darken; make unclear

occult ,i; ,1$,1$,kChidden ; secret ; mysterious ; supernatural ; magical;

mysterious; secret; supernatural

privy i; t; i:I7secret; hidden; not public

profound ,{,; S; y{deep; not superficial; complete

recondite ;q; {; 8)_bb; abstruse; profound; secret

riddle

skulk ; ; move furtively and secretly

subterranean

surreptitious i,7,i,Cgdone,got made, etc.in a secret,stealthy way,clandestine

!!

affected/opq: Cartificial: pretended

apocryphal sT,T; C,s; s; C{opqrelating to the apocryphal ; not genuine;

not genuine; sham

artificeB; ;Y;;deception; trickery

astute ; wise; shrewd

beguile =; _/ W; IGH; cheat ; amuse / delude;

belie ; (;,E);,JBEp`; R+; j+give a wrong or untrue idea of ;

fail to 'ustify or be e&ual to what is hoped for or promised; contradict; give a false impression

bilk Dw =4 D(E = D;(E v1 F>;, , ((E)

vt. to balk or thwart 4 to cheat or swindle; defraud = to get away without paying (a debt,

etc.) 1 to manage to get away from; elude [to bilk the police" n. a bilking or being bilked; hoa 4 a person

who cheats; swindler

bogus s; JC7counterfeit; not authentic

cajole g; -.=coa; wheedle

calumny u1$J; ; ,malicious misrepresentation; slander

charlatan =; 7'78,%,=&uack; pretender to knowledge

chicanery Bn; }; trickery

25


26/62

circumlocution bp;; !VWroundabout way of speaking ; roundabout epression; indirect

or roundabout epression

cog "#$=%tooth pro'ecting from a wheel

concoct (&w)'Y(,); }`,gprepare by miing together ; invent a story, and

ecuse, a plot, etc.; prepare by combining; make up in concert

contrived Y(*,b*forced; artificial; not spontaneous

cozen =; W; cheat; hoodwink; swindle

delude =; deceive ; mislead

delusion; +false belief; hallucination

delusive;Y1; 7deceptive; raising vain hopes

devious ,-; |wFgoing astray; erratic

disingenuousky.; /?/ /binsincere ; not straightforward / not naive; sophisticated

dissemblet; s; C; *$'hide one+s feeling, intentions, etc. ; disguise; disguise;

pretend

dissimulate DD?,zsw ;; @/ * $'; C;hide one+s feelings,

intentions, etc. by pretense ; pretend / conceal by feigning

dupe ;0q8, $, 1;, 12=n. a person easily tricked or fooled vt. to deceive by trickery; fool or

cheat #$%. cheat

duplicity

elusive&37; =n7; 24;7evasive; baffling; hard to grasp

equivocate1[v, jEA/ =; .E;use vague epressions / lie; mislead;

attempt to conceal the truth

fabricate ; Jbuild; lie

factitious$s1$; Cartificial; sham

fallacious5,6; _7 containing a fallacy; erroneous [fallacious reasoning" 4 a) misleading or

deceptive b) causing disappointment; delusive

feint ; Bn; ;@;trick; shift; sham blow

finesse 789; ;,delicate skill

forswearJQ^; Y,:per'ure oneself ; give up doing or using something

fraudulent =7; ;Y7cheating; deceitful

furtivei

stealthy

gerrymander Jgw;;)v_@change voting district lines in order to favor a political party

gimmick

gouge |`tear out

guile ;Y,


27/62

imposture ;assuming a false identity; mas&uerade

improbity /?dishonesty

insidious,{n7; i; 7,rytreacherous; stealthy; sly

inveigle; =lead astray; wheedle

legerdemain ?sleight of hand

mendacious J7; Jlying; false

mendacity s, J;

molten D= @, *6; 6in a melted and therefore very hot state ; made of metal that has been

melted and cast

nonentity .b7A, B; A78/ C@; A78thing that does not really

eist or that eists only in the imagination ; unimportant person / noneistence; person of no importance

perfidiousk,ky.; R7,DE7/ D=E7, faithless ; treacherous / basely false

perjury s,s; F%2Jthe act of making a false statement after taking an oath to tell the truth ;

willful false statement; false testimony while under oath

pharisaical5E,Ga#vF$(; 1$; s1$pertaining to the !harisees; self*righteous;

hypocritical

ploy

pretentious /7, H`7, I6, ^/v7/ J7, K'7, Y7; {1$claiming great merit or

importance / ostentatious; ambitious

pretext , g./ Lla false reason or motive put forth to hide the real one / ecise

prevaricate =, 1[v, PM/ Jmake untrue or partly untrue statements, try to evade

telling the whole truth / lie

quack =; ;charlatan; impostor

quibble , gNoOl/ ; P=>N=)!/ _; Eevasion of

the main point of an argument, attempt to escape giving an honest answer, by using a secondary or doubtful

meaning of a word or phrase / use &uibbles ; argue about small points of differences / e&uivocate; play on

words

ruse ; trick; stratagem

serpentine (QR)}k}ktwisting and curving like snake; winding; twisting

shammer #s, ;

shark . Sopq8, v


28/62

studied

subterfuge ,g.; PMpretense; evasion

subtlety7; ; 2; d^nicety; cunning; guile; delicacy

surreptitious i,7,i,Cgdone,got made, etc.in a secret,stealthy way,clandestine

swindle

tortuous5,5,e$,gkgk; ky.,/bf,)g7; !-.Chifull of twists and

bends ; not straight forward, devious; winding; full of curves

twister .e7=, /?=

vulpine I, I`; / 2of or like a fo ; crafty

wangle 7:)jwiggle out; fake

welsher () ()E78, [w&378, ;

wheedle =.=; ; =ca'ole; coa; deceive by flattery

wily ; YnYkcunning; artful

!

botch fg_;ql; fg_n, mn. 5 swelling on the skin; a large ulcerous affection; a boil;

an eruptive disease. [bs. or 6ial." otches and blains must all his flesh emboss. **7ilton. 4. 5 patch put on,

or a part of a garment patched or mended in a clumsy manner. =.


29/62

barge }, /(), J; (4=) 8b; e(houseboat);(() 5*)


30/62




cranky .q, {;C5/ , (eccentric); Oo; wA` / D;B(= k{?, 9

(9(7/ D,(= }k}k/ ad'. in poor condition; apt to operate poorly / irritable; cross /

&ueer; eccentric/ [3are" full of turns; crooked/ %aut. liable to lurch or capsi8e; unsteady #$%. irritable

cross [, ;=, y`7(irritable) (with); D;C 7ad'. lying or passing across or

through; transverse; crossing or crossed [cross street, cross ventilation" going counter; contrary; opposed

[at cross purposes" ill*tempered; cranky; irritable involving reciprocal actions, etc. of mied variety or

breed; hybrid; crossbred [5rchaic" causing harm; unfavorable

exasperatey>_/D?(E uvt. to irritate or annoy very much; make angry; ve

[5rchaic" to intensify (a feeling, disease, etc.); aggravate #$%. irritate

fractious y, f?/v7, .q, ;]irritable, peevish, bad*tempered / unruly

fretful w`7, y, {7(irritable); DnZ= B=7ad'.tending to fret; irritable and

discontented; peevish

grate_

,Jv

/_

,y3

>_

/

/opv

,#

, D)

irascibley; _>7irritable; easily angered

nag yC_v, ((at); vI:, #Cb/ D?Jv(=8E 3;_

:yCv(wcd7I) nettle ;.g; >_; :

peevish f?/v7, , ;= / .q, ?`7(cross) ad'.hard to please; irritable; fretful;

cross/ showing ill humor or impatience, as a glance or remark

pester :, f_, ((ve), g/, / yC8[A", Jvvt.to annoy constantly or

repeatedly with petty irritations; bother; ve/[bs." to overcrowd; cram

petulant y; ytouchy; peevish

querulous y`7; fUJv7fretful; whining ad'.inclined to find fault; complaining / full of complaint;peevish

splenetic~; y; spiteful; irritable; peevish

touchy ; y`7, T31$sensitive; irascible; sensitive; irritable

vex _, yC_, {K/Kf_, y>_, :annoy;

#$!%

dearth scarcity

deficiency

devoid ...=7; 6/ 57, /completely without ; lacking

iota very small &uantity

meager /, bfscanty; inade&uate

modicum limited &uantity

myopia {; bl=/


31/62

scarcity

scintilla; , kshred; least bit

soupcon , , ;,; ; suggestion; hint; taste

whit 2; smallest speck

&'()!*+,!-.

clapper (, [) t, =,Sn@78, n=. ne who makes knickknacks, toys, etc. **7ortimer.

4. ne of two or more pieces of bone or wood held loosely between the fingers, and struck together by

moving the hand; ** called also clapper. **@alliwell.

diffuse P,ad'. spread out or dispersed; not concentrated 4using more words than are needed;

long*winded; wordy vt., vi. to pour, spread out, or disperse in every direction; spread or scatter widely

4!hysics to mi by diffusion, as gases, li&uids, etc. #$%. wordy

discomfit K; ;; ; m/nfrustrate the plans or epectations of ; make someone

uneasy or confused; put to rout; defeat; disconcert

garrulity ntalkativeness

garrulous nopq; lo&uacious; wordy

glib {\fluent; spoken easily but with little thought ; fluent

loquacious,nopqtalkative,fond of talking

magpie G newsmonger n"=

prate n; 7Espeak foolishly; boast idly

prolix ; bverbose; drawn out

prolixity, b


32/62

meditationl; Zreflection; thought

mull

muse lponder

ponder

pore

ruminate =; Zchew the cud; ponder

12!3!45"

adjunct /B; n,; /6,/n; >*6bivouac >1temporary encampment

bout /(with) >1$;2; () P;2; P#H7{, N>brink (pb)

Cv( rim ); BC; [the C" 2(verge). the edge of a high place

capriciousOopq; >1$flickle; incalculable

cursory (>,zsC); g7; ^{wb7; B; _=,];&uick ; hurried ;

done without attention to details; casual; hastily done

ephemeral ){C7,l; 7living for a very short time ; trasitory; short*lived; fleeting

evanescent b;0q,Cb7,7,Nb7tending to fade from sight ; soon going from the

memory ; ephemeral; fleeting; vanishing

fleeting

flit omb>Cfly; dart lightly; pass swiftly by

improvise (,uE)q); BO-.make verse, music, etc. without preparationor plan ;

provide something roughly for an immediate need; compose on the spur of the moment

makeshift

meteoric, y`=Cb7swift; momentarily brillrant

mirage ;; +, 7t/ =an image of a distant ob'ect, often upside down, seen as if it were

near especially in the desert ; any illusion or hope that cannot be reali8ed / unreal reflection; optical illusion

palliation>1; Tact of making less severe or violent

perquisiteBn;,/nany gain above stipulated salary

provisional>1$,?1$tentative

reprieve erm; m,>1b/ erEm; >g/ >1m

secular ^1$; &4()A=; >1$worldly; not pertaining to church matters; temporal

sojourn >1'temporary stay

stopgap

super , B*()

temporal >1$, ; ^1$; W^not lasting forever; limited by time; secular

tentative B; .provisional; eperimental

transient >1$ZS; >1$,,7,[

transitoriness, >1B, 21Bimpermanence

waive v,>1-.;; xgive up temporarily; yield

16!71

32


33/62

acquiescence ; 6submission; compliance

acquiescent n1-.(=7, 7accepting passively

amenable ;=7; :7readily managed; willing to be led

biddable

complaisantswt7; ; disposed to please ; polite ; complaint / trying to please;

obliging

compliance


34/62

unfeigned , .; }7genuine; real

89!:;

disconsolate DD...E- kr; s{=7; ; n{)unhappy at the loss of something ;

without comfort or hope ; sad ; gloomy

dolorous; .qsorrowful

elegiacal C; glike an elegy; mournful

funereal ; hZsad; solemn

grievous; ; ,,creating affliction

lachrymose BE`7producing tears

lugubrious .qmournful

maudlin 1$,BEv7effusively sentimental

mawkish q; Jqsickening; insipid

plangent g; _(v7plaintive; resounding sadly

rheumy )B=>7, E7pertaining to a discharge from nose and eyes

rueful @7; ; Dregretful; sorrowful; de'ected

snivel B(B)Evrun at the nose; snuffle; whine

3!#?

affray #, k, fpublic brawl

bedlam kw, P; kl; [C" a(R(#t. 7ary of ethlehem); ?

(madhouse) madhouse; [5rchaic" any insane asylum ;any place or condition of noise and confusion

blare

blatant kopq,opqloudly offensive

boisterous>q; Jw; apqviolent; rough; noisy

brouhaha k, , apq, (n : loud confused noise from many sources [syn: hubbub, uproar" 4:

a confused disturbance far greater than its cause merits

clamorous

clangor apqyvloud, resounding noise

commotion

deafening

din apqv, continued loud noise

ferment ; ?; P, agitation; commotion

fluster ;confuse

fulminate MN@; OPthunder; eplode

obstreperous >q; apqboisterous; noisy

piercing

rambunctious

rattling

34


35/62

raucous )Jv7harsh and shrill

scaremonger ^Ek_78, cv78

sedition,Rk; O,ktumult, allegiance; resistance to authority; insubordination

seethekb; (be disturbed; boil

squeaker vw`7A, a_78

stentorian vetremely loud

stridentJv.loud and harsh

tumult ,kcommotion; riot; noise

tumultuous

turbulence k, k, , ?; state of violent agitation

turbulent Jw, >q; [3, kopq; O, E>-7, +b7violent ; disorderly ;

uncontrolled

vociferousk,v.@7,apqnoisy,yelling; clamorous

@A!B!CD

assiduous Z; |Ziworking steadily, diligent ; eagerly attentive

chary {opq, ,; /aRE7cautiously watchful

circumspect ,; :; cautious ; well*considered; prudent; cautious

conscientiousx{1$, , {scrupulous; careful; carefou;honest

discreetbE7; ,'udicious

discretion,,; ; ,D,,r / 16Y|carefulness ; prudence ; freedom of

'udgment, choice,or action / ability to ad'ust actions to circumstances

gingerly ,_, _very carefully

heed

judiciousE7,xE7; Wl; =1Kshowing or having good sense; wise; determined by sound

'udgment

meticulousb>@_^{,ecessively careful

precise ?, / ?ieact

precision 8

prim ; 1;very precise and formal; eceedingly proper

providence

prudent ,,{opq,; (K)7acting only after careful thought or planning ; careful;

cautious; careful

punctiliousENv7; ^{,laying stress on niceties of conduct or form; precise

sagacious mv; ;; keen; shrewd; having insight

scrupulousx{1$; VW7,conscientious; etremely thorough

scrutinizeZi:; ^:eamine closely and critically

stonewaller (v) ,,

unobtrusive b, _)b7; ,/ _>b7, C7not too obvious or easily

noticeable ; discreet / inconspicuous; not blatant

35


36/62

vigilance {, T, kwatchfulness, keeping watch

wary cautious; very cautious

EF"

misanthrope 8E7=; ^Chater of mankind ; person who avoids society / one who hates

mankind

misanthropic8E7,^1$hating or distrusting mankind or human society

misanthropy 8E1$;2; () P;2; P#H7{, N>n. [6ial." a going andcoming back again, as across a field in plowing; turn 4 a struggle; contest or match [a championship bout" =

a period of time taken up by some activity, illness, etc.; spell [a bout of the flu, a bout of shopping"

duel

feud k, Z; R; .fb, n.a bitter, long*continued, and deadly &uarrel, esp. between

clans or families vi.to carry on a feud; &uarrel n.land held from a feudal lord in return for service; fief

fracas q; brawl; melee

fray ; "brawl

spat =3["(); #-.v;[v" n.[3are" a slap/a &uick, slapping sound/[ollo&." a brief,

petty &uarrel or dispute vi.[3are" to slap/to strike with a &uick, slapping sound/[ollo&." to engage in aspat, or &uarrel vt.[3are" to slap #$%. &uarrel

squabble (>.) =, /Dnw 'v/() ,vi.to &uarrel

noisily over a small matter; wrangle n.a noisy, petty &uarrel or dispute; wrangle #$%. &uarrel4

strife ; f"

vendetta n; #$2, ;2)wkfeud; private warfare

wrangle , !"/ bf/ ", such an argument / take part in a noisy or angry

argument / &uarrel; obtain through arguing; herd cattle

KL

adulation ,ixflattery: admiration

blandishment flattery

36


37/62

cajole g; -.=coa; wheedle

court

creep

cringev,s+shrink back, as if in fear

cringing

crouch

encomiasticix7; t7praising; eulogistic

fawning 7courting favor by cringing and flattering

flattery

fulsome ((=) b>wdisgustingly ecessive

grovel ;; vcrawl or creep on ground; remain prostrate

incense,>_enrage; infuriate

indomitable k; n7,?n7/ b7; k?kunyielding ; that cannot be

subdued or con&uered / uncon&uerable

ingratiate )(|,swt,Jvbring oneself into favor,especially in order to gain an

advantage ; flatter; become popular with

lackey $; footman; toady

obsequious7,Jv7; ; t7too eager to obey or advantage ; showing ecessive respect

from hope of reward or advantage; slavishly attentive; servile; sycophantic

parasite;B, ;; ;, b/ ; animal or plant living on or in another and getting its

food from it ; person supported by another and giving him nothing in return / animal or plant living on

another; toady; sycophant

sequaciousEzC;\7; eager to follow; ductile

servilevm,vm`; {=7; 7,t7; vm`; ..7of or like a slave ; lacking in the

spirit of independence ; obse&uious; slavish; cringing

snob B, =, 8)_8)_H`78

spanielo4(>), ,

subjection

subservient |=+7; .Jv7,/ vmRr7; 7useful as a means to a purpose ;

giving ot much respect to / behaving like a slave; servile; obse&uious

succumb

; [

,zs)

"b

,C

;D

give way to ; yield to temptation,flattery, etc. ; die;yield; give in; die

sycophanta servile flatterer, especially of those in authority or influence

sycophantic7; 7servilely flattering

toady w-/, (l)flatter for favors

truckle ; .Jvcurry favor; act in an obse&uious way

tuft hunter , B

unctuous ;T;E7; ; @=7,/pqoily; bland; insincerely suave


MNO,

37


38/62

arrant ; 5; 5;;ul0[7 that is plainly such; out*and*out; notorious [an

arrant fool" 4 obs. sp. of errant (sense )

flagrant ulconspicuously wicked

infamousklmopq; ul; u; ul; 3disgraceful ; having a bad reputation ; wicked;

notoriously bad

notorious (>A-.)=T,,ulwidly known for something bad; outstandingly bad; unfavorablyknown

outrageous

reprehensible Y; Edeserving to be blamed; deserving blame

M!P!

abhor ...E; hate something very much; detest utterly; loathe; abominate ; to regard

with etreme repugnance or aversion

anathema 44,; 144formal declaration of the church, ecommunicating somebody or

condemning something as evil; solemn curse

animosity({),u,1#{; strong dislike or active enmity

animus 1hostile feeling or intent

antagonism11$2, R, 1, 1#active resistance

antipathy R,A; ; s){strong and decided dislike; aversion; dislike

aversion _bitterness; nerve / annoy; chafe

grudging `b7unwilling; reluctant; stingy

inimical1C

E7

,=C

>

;.q

hostile ; harmful; unfriendly; hostile

malevolent={+;w#7; uE7, {>qwishing to do evil or cause harm to others ; spiteful /

wishing evil

maliciousuE7; {dictated by hatred or spite

malignant uE7, @7; D= uy, @l1$, / uCE7; filled with a desire to hurt ;

harmful to life, violent / having an evil influence; virulent

odious hateful

rancor A; ; ; #bitterness; hatred

repugnance


39/62

vidictive

virulent ,uyetremely poisonous

wanton ,;]; k; I,[unruly; unchaste; ecessive

QR!STR

acerbic (=),$; (,|;3(=)%,had' : sour or bitter in taste [syn: acerb, astringent, sharp"

4: harsh or corrosive in tone; Ian acerbic tone piercing otherwise flowery proseI; Ia barrage of acid

commentsI; Iher acrid remarks make her many enemiesI; Ibitter wordsI; Iblistering criticismI; Icaustic

'okes about political assassination, talk*show hosts and medical ethicsI; Ia sulfurous denunciationI [syn:

acerb, acid, acrid, bitter, blistering, caustic, sulfurous, sulphurous, venomous, virulent, vitriolic"

adjuration , hl, &g, hTsolemn urging . 9he act of ad'uring; a solemn charging on oath, or

under the penalty of a curse; an earnest appeal.


40/62

severityh


41/62




dogged , not giving in readily; persistent; stubborn

dogmatic41$; 1$; K1$positive; arbitrary

dour /); sullen; stubborn

forward e; {; disobedient; perverse; stubborn

headstrong , e, bA7ad'. determined not to follow orders, advice, etc. but to do as one

pleases; self*willed / showing such determination [headstrong desire"

impenetrable 5b>n7; =n7not able to be pierced or entered; beyond understanding

incorrigible (8,>zsw)?n7,61$,31$that cannt be corrected, improved, or

reformed because firmly established as a bad habit; uncorrectable

indomitable k; n7,?n7/ b7; k?kunyielding ; that cannot be

subdued or con&uered / uncon&uerable

inexorable [?,,,CN7; :b7that cannot be moved or influenced by persuasion or entreaty ;

unyielding; relentless; unyielding; implacable

insubordinate b7; R21$/ b7, R27disobedient ; rebellious

integrity y.,; 5/ n; / y.y&uality of being honest and upright in character ; state or

condition of being complete / wholeness; purity; uprightness

intractable E7b7,e; ;q,;]; unruly or stubborn ; not easily controlled

or dealt with; unruly; refractory

mulishvF`; eklike or characteristic of a mule; stubborn, obstinate, balky, etc.

obdurate ,estubborn, obstinate, infleible

obstinacy


42/62

unflinching vb7, Bpb7, :b7(unyielding); (resolute) not flinching, yielding, or

shrinking; steadfast; resolute

untoward kq, n7; e, yC, ;qunfortunate; annoying

willful |1$,>1$; eintentional; headstrong

Y\]'

allay C?:: ?calm: pacify

alleviate (,.E)U,; make pain or suffering less or easier to bear; relieve

anodyne drug that relieves pain; opiate

appease ,?; (E)Y; ,x; C?:&uiet an angry person, etc. ; satisfy

in appetite ; yield to the demands of someone; pacify; soothe

assuage *=_; E@=; ,Uease; lessen pain

bate @=, At; let down; restrain

conciliate,[; hpacify; win over

curtail@=shorten; reduce

deplete ; Bv; ; @=empty until little or none remains ; use up ; ehaust; reduce;

ehaust

emollient ; soothing or softening remedy

extenuate ?E, T/ pvmake wrongdoing less serious by finding an ecuse /

weaken; mitigate

extenuating 1$

impair ; DDC@, , E@=, / @; C@wdamage ; make worse or less,

weaker / worsen; diminish in value

lenitive

lighten

lull }, moment of calm

mitigatepv; appease

mollify ,pv; ?soothe

muffle

pacify C?:,,?calm and &uieted, end violence in

palliation>1; Tact of making less severe or violent

placate ,C?:,o_soothe ; pacify; pacify; conciliate

propitiate, s., swt/ BE#@; / C?:do something to take away the anger of /

appease

relieve

remit

retrench D*E @=, ; K/ cut down epenses ; make economies / economi8e

slacken |wCt; @=slow up; loosen

soothe

temper K, ; / ;3restrain; blend; toughen

42


43/62

unmitigated 5, K1$/ ; {; T+bcomplete, absolute / harsh; severe; not lightened


^

chivalrous;,;1$,[*,;|; CTY; DDIy)_?,/ ;|, m#; *of

D the knights or the 7iddle 5ges ; honorable ; courteous / coirteous; faithful; brave

dauntlessk; *bold

doughty *courageous

fortitude *;/ *; calm courage in the face of pain, danger, or difficulty / bravery;

gamely*_plucky

^!_

audaciousdaring; bold; bold daring


D the knights or the 7iddle 5ges ; honorable ; courteous / coirteous; faithful; brave

daring

dashing

dauntlessk; *bold

foolhardy [jrash

forward

gallant

imprudent T/lacking caution; in'udicious

lion-hearted

mettlesome

plucky

rash

reckless

unabashed

undismayed

valiant

valorous

^`ab

absolution

absolve w*,...E[.declare someone free from guilt or punishment; pardon an offense;to

grant pardon for

acquit [Z; ; nrset someone free from a charge of crime or from duty ; behave ;

conduct

amnesty ,,; Za general pardon especially for political offenses against a government

condone p=D,*overlook or forgive an offence; overlook; forgive

43


44/62

countenance *j,=F,{s,,?; bb,E; bb,i,,6; $,$?; *,

_Dface, including its appearance and epression ; support / give support, approval, or

encouragement to; approve; tolerate

discharge

dismissal

emancipate (vm(E); w; set free a slave, etc. ; release from bondage,servitude, or serfdom

enfranchise JEto admit to the rights of citi8enship(especially the right to vote)

exculpate wF>_clear from blame

exempt Z6; Z; Zfree, clear, or released, as from some liability, or restriction affecting others

exonerate Z; [.; [.; *relieve of a burden, obligation, etc. ; free from a charge

or the imputation of guilt, eculpate; ac&uit; eculpate

immune Z; Z6eempt

manumit ; qemancipate; free from bondage

pardoner *78,

remission Ztemporary diminution of a disease

remit

reprieve erm; m,>1b/ erEm; >g/ >1mpostponement or remission

of punishment, especially by death ; delay or respite / postpone or delay punishment ; give relief for a short

time from danger, trouble, etc. / temporary stay

unfetter

unshackle

venial *nE7; forgivable; trivial

c(>!de

downcast;, oFopq directed downward 4 very unhappy or discouraged; sad; de'ected

facetiousoq; humorous; 'ocular

farcical, , #o

jocose oFogiving to 'oking

ludicrous oq; Plaughable; trifling

malapropism oFocomic misuse of a word

waggishE\7; CE7; oFopqmischievous; humorous; tricky

cf!gh

circuitous&.; &7going a long way; roundabout

circumlocution bp;; !VWroundabout way of speaking ; roundabout epression; indirect

or roundabout epression

devious ,-; |wFgoing astray; erratic

tortuous5,5,e$,gkgk; ky.,/bf,)g7; !-.Chifull of twists andbends ; not straight forward, devious; winding; full of curves

44


45/62

7i!j

allure , entice; attract

bait :, P_, DGH) w, .(=, ; B, harass; tease

a) to set attacking dogs against [people formerly baited chained bears for sport" b) to attack as such dogs

do 4 to torment or harass with unprovoked, vicious, repeated attacks = to tease or goad, esp. so as to

provoke a reaction 1 to put food, etc. on (a hook or trap) to lure animals or fish A to lure; tempt; entice 0

[5rchaic" to feed (animals) during a break in a 'ourney vi. [5rchaic" to stop for food during a 'ourney n. [%

beita, lure, fish bait" food, etc. put on a hook or trap to lure fish or animals 4 anything used as a lure;

enticement

blandish

coax

debauch I; :; , s)bcorrupt; make intemperate

decoy ; lure or bait

entice , lure; attract; tempt; to attract to rure

incentive ;, $, ; 1$,; ,;/Ithat which incites, rouses, or encourages a person /

spur; motive

incubate/; hatch; scheme

inveigle; =lead astray; wheedle


klmi

carnal J'fleshly

corporeal J'; B3bodily; material

embody [,?zsw"g';


46/62

lewd t, , klustful

libertine ; debauched person; roue

libidinous?1$, s1$, lustful

libido KY; y1emotional urges behind human activity

licentious; ; wanton; lewd; dissolute

lustful

obscene

prodigal7,; "=7; /wasteful ; too free in giving or spending ; abundant; wasteful;

reckless with money

prodigality; (Xb=)7,7profligate person / shamelessly

immoral ; reckless, etravagant; dissipated; wasteful; licentious

promiscuous; ; kMN, '$, DSDmied indiscriminately; hapha8ard; irregular

prurient kbased on lascivious thoughts

rakehell

ribald; opq,,kwanton; profane

salacious k, s1$lascivious; lustful

spendthrift XOO=CP8C, ,

sybarite, Ilover of luury

voluptuary s)8, 8

voluptuous; Y1$gratifying the senses

wanton ,;]; k; I,[unruly; unchaste; ecessive

anesthetist

cardiologist

chiropodist P@&54one who treats disorders of the feet

dermatologist 3/I54one who studies the skin and its diseases

endocrinologist

gynecologist

obstetrician

oncologistxQ

ophthalmologist

orthopedist

podiatrist(P) 54doctor who treats ailments of the feet

psychiatrist?Iepert in the treatment of mental illness / a doctor who treats mental diseases

pq!C

46


47/62

accord >@,,),=; >@,+; nI; Ithe state of being in agreement or harmony;

be in agreement or harmony ; give,grant to agree; to be in harmony; to grant or bestow

coincident)>>7occurring at the same time

compatible >@7; xnE7; 1); x7; w=Rin accord with ; able to live together in

harmony ; suited to; harmonious; in harmony with

concord >@,; %,%; agreement or harmony between persons or things

concur ,>@; )>>; %|agree, be in harmony ; happen at the same time ; work

together

conformity ; >@harmony; agreement

congruence (nQ))); w=Rcorrespondence of parts; harmonious relationship

consensus>@,); Igeneral agreement of opinion, feeling, etc. ; collective opinion

consonance, >@harmony; agreement

consort ;;associate with

harmonize

jibe vi. to shift from one side of a ship to the other when the stern passes across a following or

&uartering wind: said of a fore*and*aft sail or its boom 4to change the course of a ship so that the sails shift

thus: cf. tack (vi. a) =[ollo&." to be in harmony, agreement, or accord [accounts that don+t 'ibe" vt. %aut.

to cause to 'ibe n. an act of 'ibing

parallel>@7;rto cause to correspond or lie in the same direction and e&uidistant in all parts

reconcile ; >@make friendly after &uarrel; correct inconsistencies; to settle on friendly

terms

solidarity>@,

symmetryS, , / S=:|/(E1@complete agreement or unity

unison), >@/ ; concord or agreement / unity of pitch; complete accord

R!r/

adept Z; l$/ Z6,?/ Ya person with great skill ; epert / highly skilled / epert at

adroit;,89\,YZclever, skillful, ingenious or resourceful when dealing with problems

agile

ambidextrous xEA7; 89E7/ x=able to use the left hand or the right e&ually well ;

unusually skillful / capable of using either hand with e&ual ease

astute ; wise; shrewd

deft Cneat; skillful

dexterous 89\skillful

finesse 789; ;,delicate skill

ingenious ?, 7/ v; ; 89\clever

manipulate D89E_ , ; , 7_/ -./ 89E_; operate or

handle with skill ; manage or control somebody or something skillfully or craftily / operate with the hands

proficientYZ8,C,l$; YZ,Z6a person who has skill in special thing / skilled

sleight YZ89deterity

47


48/62

-XV!Ws

diatribe; ; , 4bitter scolding; invective

harangue 1O, noisy speech

tirade ; ; etended scolding; denunciation

tu

anathema 44,; 144formal declaration of the church, ecommunicating somebody or

condemning something as evil; solemn curse

anathematize curse

execrable ; Topq; u[|/ bqdeserving hate ; abominable ; very bad

execrate ; curse; epress abhorrence for

imprecate ; u=`v;wxcurse; pray that evil will befall

imprecation ;a curse

invective ,u; [pl"; bJvabuse language ; curses ; violent epressions

malediction ; ucurse ; prayer to Fod that someone or somthing may be destroyed, hurt, etc

m!vwx

adversary R, 1opponent; enemy

antagonist

assailant

defier

foe

saboteur

traducer

villain

!y

artless /, without guile; open and honest

candid?straightforward

candor /,U; ?C7with directness

guileless, /without deceit

ingenuous /, #1$; M,}7frank ; open ; innocent ; natural; naive; young; unsophisticated

outspoken

probity DDy, 8', , y./ ?; uprightness of character, integrity, sincerity / incorruptibility

rectitude ?, W#rshonesty, upright or straight forward behavior / uprightness

tortuous5,5,e$,gkgk; ky.,/bf,)g7; !-.Chifull of twists and

bends ; not straight forward, devious; winding; full of curves

48


49/62

transparent fl,@7; l&,lU/ /allowing light to pass through ; about which there can be no

mistake or doubt / permitting light to pass through freely; easily detected

veracious ., ?truthful

veracity?truthfulness

z

adore

apotheosize


D the knights or the 7iddle 5ges ; honorable ; courteous / courteous; faithful; brave

dais CT7(Es, v, raised platform for guests of honor

defer

deference ,; CT,Tthe act of obeying the 'udgment or opinion of another ; great respect;

courteous regard for another+s wish

deify -.j, Xturn into a god; idoli8e

esteem C,, CT/ CT(); 2respect; value; 'udge; a favorable opinion ;respect

estimable CTYworthy of respect

homage CT,Thonor; tribute

idolatrize

idolatryX; b>wixworship of idols; ecessive admiration

idolize

obeisanceT,CT,T; ; $deep bow of respect or homage ; homage ; obedience, submission

revere CTto regard with worshipful veneration

reverent T7respectful

tribute B; CTV/ i; ta levied by a ruler; mark of respect

venerable CTYdeserving high respect

venerate CT,Xrevere

veneration CT; CT, X

{{!|P!}~

adhere DB)/=; D8=n; ./ e=/ (p7; 1$serving as an aid or accessory; auiliary

asylum ,n*place of refuge or shelter; protection

auspices i, E, \kindly endorsement and guidance; Ithe tournament was held under the auspices ofthe city councilI [syn: protection, aegis"

49


50/62

benefactor (Q,,')E; $person who has given financial help to a school, hospital, or

charitable institution; gift over; patron

bolster b; @support; prop up n. a long, narrow cushion or pillow 4 a soft pad for easing

pressure on any part of the body = any bolsterlike ob'ect or support; specif., a) a capping piece over a post

to etend the bearing area under a beam b) the connecting part between the volutes of an -onic capital vt.

to prop up as with a bolster; support, strengthen, or reinforce: often with up

boost iWE, ; T;/x() (C() , (; (() (C_)) ]^@;vt.

to raise by or as by a push from behind or below; push up 4 to urge others to support; promote [to boost a

program" = to make higher or greater; increase in amount, power, etc. [to boost taes, boost electric

current" n. a push to help propel a person or thing upward or forward 4 an act that helps or promotes = an

increase in amount, power, etc. #$%. lift

brace

bulwark y,; 4,(B) earthwork or other strong defense; person who defends

buttressb_support or prop

champion;,bbsupport militantly

constituency; Jg; E, bb; the inhabitants or voters in a district represented in a

legislative body

countenance *j,=F,{s,,?; bb,E; bb,i,,6; $,$?; *,

_Dface, including its appearance and epression ; support / give support, approval, or

encouragement to; approve; tolerate

crutch

duenna /, IC?; Iyattendant of young female; chaperone

endorse $; bb; =,5approve; support

espouse (=,bbadopt; support

girder

guy

haven

patronize Esupport; act superior toward

peg

pillar

prop

proponent {,P,bbperson who proposes something; person who supports or proposes (an idea)

rampart y, defensive mound of earth

sanctuary

seconderE, 8, iy

skid

splice

stave

stay

strut G;/ b, _pompous walk / supporting bar

substantiate,l; bbverify; support

tutelage E; b|, guardianship; training

50


51/62

tutelary n7,; E$protective; pertaining to a guardianship

!

banal `; /; aabcommonplace ; trite; hackneyed; commonplace; trite

banality/dIyoung woman making formal entrance into society

embark =n, , commence; go on board a boat; begin a 'oumey

gambit'o)ezswt7fn; ,nopening in chess in which a piece is sacrificed

genesis ,P,;; ^;beginning, starting point ; the first book of the ld 9estament; beginning;

origin

inaugurate #,; Bbegin formally; install in office

inchoate=g; P; recently begun; rudimentary; elementary

incipient ; P; beginning; in an early stage

initiate/ #; Cbegin; originate; receive into a group; to start; to begin

instigate; /t;..._; /t;; ; /3incite ; goad someone to do something;

urge; start; provoke

overture !,5!; mh,musical composition played as an introduction to an opera or as a

separate item at a concert ; approach made with the aim of starting discussions

preamble [?4z="4,54introduction or preliminary statement, especially to a formal statememt /

introductory statement

51


52/62

preface

preliminary

prelude #; 5!; 5; v; gintroduction; forerunner

threshold 4b, g; , P

toddler (w;7, 7)=,

f!#

abrogate

annul [.; ib; / \destroy the effect of a law, etc. ; do away with ; cancel /

make void

countermand &, / / &taking back / cancel an order by issuing a contrary order /

revoke

invalidate[./ [, ; 4, i, ibmake invalid / weaken; destroy

nullify [.,ito make invalid

recant 1-.,(=5E)&withdraw or renounce beliefs, statement, etc. in a formal or

public manner; repudiate; withdraw previous statement

renege JK, /$/E, E;, deny; go back on

repeal

rescind ib, [., repeal, annul, or cancel a law, contract, etc.

rescissioni;; &abrogation; annulment

retract

retraction&withdrawal

revoke

vitiate C@wv,[.; @spoil the effect of; make inoperative

voider 78, 78, Jb78

}!/

abecedarian

apprentice

callow jk=>b; Zunfledged; youthful

coltish Z;yad'. of or like a colt; esp., frisky, frolicsome, etc.

fledgling =nE7FF; l=,m>;; T=7,`;young bird 'ust able to fly ; young

ineperienced person

inchoate=g; P; recently begun; rudimentary; elementary

infantile `, @childish; infant*like

neophyte #,,{,person who has newly been converted to some belief or religion ;

beginner; recent convert; beginner

nonage Zimmaturity

novice beginner

probationer

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rookie

rudimentary ; ;not developed; elementary

sophomoricZ; MSimmature; shallow

toddler (w;7, 7)=,

tyro ; {beginner; novice; a beginner

unfledged , Zimmature

!

accelerate C; &; %b/ C+make something move faster, speed up ; make

something happen or come sooner ; increase in speed

catalyze&am

gre words group

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