gravity diversion of rivers

8/11/2019 Gravity Diversion of Rivers

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Proposal for the Gravity Diversion of Netravathy and Tunga Rivers water

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Introduction

Water is Main stay for all living beings. There is no world without

water. Plant, Men and Live stock require water for their

existence on this earth. But unfortunately the ercentage of

sweet water out of the total quantity of water available in this

earth is only !."#. $o it is necessary that every erson has to

understand and rotect carefully this s%all quantity of water.

The concet of &ravity 'iversion of rivers refers to

changing the direction of rivers or taking surlus or excess water

fro% it to so%e suitable directions so that the areas which face

serious water scarcity or droughtness get benefitted.

(n the year !))), * co%%ittee headed by $ri &.$.

Para%asivaiya had roosed for &ravity diversion of two of the

rivers of +arnataka etravathy which is a west flowing river and

Tunga, an east flowing river.

-nly states in our /ountry are 'rought affected. *bout

!# ercent of the country0s drought area is in +arnataka state

alone. 1ears of greatest distress in " districts of our state were

the years of considerable rainfall on the Western &hats.

Therefore heavy invest on this &ravity 'iversion ro2ect is a

worthy invest%ent, Benefits once achieved, last for centuries

and an insurance against shortfall in food also, in addition to

3echarge of ground water and there by assured suly of

drinking water to about 45 lakhs of oulation and 5 lakhs Livestock. 6uture generation can concentrate on other roble%s and

achieve greater success without being constantly faced with the

necessity of urchasing food and cla%our for drinking water to

Men and Live stock.

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High Lights

*ny sche%e for utilisation of heavy quantity of water,

involves sub%ersion of large areas of fertile lands,

besides 3e7habilitation and 3e7settle%ent of nu%ber of

8illages9 Towns. But here it is roosed to %ake use of

existing tanks for storage. 3e7habilitation and 3e7

settle%ent roble%s, which are now rocking %any

irrigation ro2ects are not here.

*ssu%tions %ade here are on the safer side of utilising

surlus waters unlike in other ro2ects, where surlus

waters flows downstrea% for further utilisation.

The west flowing etravathy 3iver waters have been

draining to the $ea as a waste, and in conceiving this

water for beneficial use, %arks as the first ste in

harnessing further waters of west flowing rivers. (t aves

a way for utilising %ore waters of west flowing rivers to

drought affected area.

1ears of greatest distress in " districts na%ely

/hikka%agaluru, /hitradurga, 'avanagere, +olar,

Tu%kur : Bellary districts, were years of considerable

rainfall on the Western &hats. Therefore, any heavy

invest%ent on this ro2ect is a worthy invest%ent,

Benefits once achieved, last for centuries.

(t frees the eole fro% deendence on erratic rainfall,

and econo%y of the area gets a boost. (t checks the

%igration of rural eole to the cities.

;nlike other states of orthern arts of (ndia, our $tate

has li%ited water resources and therefore new technical

adventures are required to harness the west flowing

rivers.

;ntil now


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obstacles across a well gauged defined river and %ake

use of the stored water for irrigation9drinking9ower

generation etc, through so%e well defined conveyance

syste%. This roosed &ravity 'iversion of etravathy

3iver water and Tunga 3iver surlus water is totally a

ew /oncet.

This is altogether a ovel sche%e, not like other

sche%es. The concet of =&arland /anal0 is a new

thought. This na%e is chosen because the eak line of

the 3idge of the western ghat is the 3idge line >3ange of

catch%ent area ? and the align%ent of the canal belowthis eak line, aears in the lan as a &arland worn by

the western sloe of the western ghat. @ence the na%e

A&*3L*' /**L, which is %eant to collect rain water

that reciitates on the western sloes of the western

ghat. The only disadvantage in this roosed garland

canal is the non7availability of sufficient storage

reservoirs, as they are not er%issible due to the

toograhy of the catch%ent area interceted.

(t is roosed to obtain 4#.C5 T.M./ water by &ravity

'iversion of etravathy basin water : 4).)) T.M./ water

by &ravity 'iversion out of Tunga river surlus water to

Bhadra Basin. @ence total utilisation will be #)#.C5 T.M./

water.

This water will be used to fill u all the existing Tanks inthe co%%and area :also new Tanks being roosed to

have atleast one Tank er 8illage. Water will be sulied

twice a year so that there will be so%e standing water

even in su%%er %onths.

These tanks0 water will hel 3echarge of ground water on

a large scale : thereby assured suly of drinking water

will be available to all Towns : 8illages. By this rocess,

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the fluoride contents in the 'rinking Water will get

considerably reduced.

Drought Conditions in the Command Areas

(rrigation /o%%ission #DC! 3eortEF * G The following state%ent shows the drought7affected

areas in the country and in +arnataka as er (rrigation

/o%%ission 3eort #DC!.

'rought *reas

in

o. of

'istricts

o. of

Taluks

Land *reas

*ffected by

'rought>Million @ectares?

Poulation in

/rores

#DC# !)))

(ndia

+arnataka

""

#"

5!"

##C

HD.C5

#).54

H.# .H4

#.#" !.))

F B G -nly states in the /ountry are 'rought affected. *bout

!#I of the /ountry0s drought area is in +arnataka alone.

*s such the /entral &ovt. has to allot %ore waters fro%

the surlus resources of other states and %ore grants to

rovide assured drinking water and (rrigational facilities to

these areas.

8isit of $carcity /ondition $tudy Tea% fro% &ovt. of

(ndia to Tu%kurE

The scarcity condition /entral $tudy Tea% , &ovt. of (ndia

visited Tu%kur on #47H7D to study the condition of the drought7

affected areas. The following state%ents were the result of their

study.

*ll the !! Taluks in " districts are severely drought

affected. The state%ent of ground water develo%ent of

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the Taluks which are considered as critical blocks is

reared by *B*3' >ational Bank for *griculture and

3ural 'evelo%ent?. *s er this state%ent 5 Taluks co%e

under 'ark *rea, H taluks co%e under &rey *rea and

Taluks are inter%ediate ones, which are on the verge of

beco%ing &rey *rea. Total #4 Taluks out of !! are

affected.

There are 6luoride contents in the drinking water in %ost

of the Taluks. (t is seen that #" Taluks out of !! reorted

has got fluoride contents in drinking water.

By careful study of Talukwise statistics, it is revealed that

these !! Taluks are very backward. The average annual

rainfall in this region is only "5" %%s : in %any Taluks it

is far below.

The 3un7off of rain water is being reduced year after

year, as %ost of the 3yots oted and oting for

develo%ent of coconut, areca, etc. gardens instead of

dry cros. They are constructing big bunds for their lands,

so that the rain water will not flow out of their lands. *s

such the tanks are not receiving water as in earlier years.

The tanks beco%e dry in su%%er. There will be no

recharge of ground water. /onsequently the eole in

%ost of the villages do not get drinking water.

$o%e areas of /. @ally, Madhugiri : $ira Taluks and full

area of Pavagada Tq of Tu%kur 't and so%e area of

&owribidanur Taluk of +olar 't are at lower elevation and

hence they are co%%anded by this ro2ect.

(n consideration of increasing i%ortance of ground water

resources for water suly, secifically for drinking water,

and in view of growing influence of hu%an activities on

the availability of ground water resources, both in quantity

and quality, is has beco%e an urgent necessity to

i%le%ent sche%es for recharging of ground water on a

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larger scale for large areas, arranging the resources of

water fro% river basins also wherever feasible, and

articularly by diverting west flowing rivers by gravity,

which are now going to $ea.

+arnataka $tate &eograhical area is #,D!,!)H $q +%s,

nearly one third of this area is constantly affected by

drought. The drought is %ainly due to the shortage of

water resources on right ti%e in right quantity. The water

resources deend on the %onsoons, C)I of which occur

during June to ove%ber. 'rought in general %ay be

defined as ALack of 3ain fall sufficiently large and

sufficiently long eriod, as to affect adversely the cro

and water suly for drinking and other uroses for Men

and Live $tock.

(n this roosal, in co%%and area, there are only #HD

Tanks for !) 8illages. $o in a view to rovide one tank

for each village, it is roosed to construct so%e #)))

ew Tanks. $everal actions to %itigate the drought,

including utilisation of ground water, have been

insufficient and there is need for a better and long ter%

solution to avoid recurrence of drought, which has

beco%e a regular feature.

@ence it is very necessary to i%le%ent this sche%e on

war footing, starting the execution of all works

si%ultaneously so that water of this sche%e will flow in

the canal and fill u all the Tanks twice in a year.

(n this roosal, in co%%and area, there are only #HD Tanks for

!) 8illages. $o in a view to rovide one tank for each village,

it is roosed to construct so%e #))) ew Tanks.

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Sources of Water and Head Works

&ravity 'iversion of water fro% etravathy 3iver basin can bedone by the construction of ! &arland canals na%ely &arland

/anal o.# and &arland canal o.#>a?. The yield of water fro%

both the &arland canals is calculated to be 4#.C5 T.M./. The

ridge line for the above two canals catch%ent area is the

garland canals of etravathy : Bhadra rivers 'iversion $che%e.

$i%ilarly, the &ravity diversion of Water fro% Tunga 3iver

basin to Bhadra basin is done through the construction of

&arland /anal o.! which is having a yield of "D.DH T.M./

water.

@ence total quantity of water resources available for this

ro2ect is 4#.C5K4).)) #)#.C5 T.M./ F4#.C5 T.M./ fro%

etravathy Basin and 4).)) T.M./ fro% Tunga BasinG.

Scheme to Utilize Flood Water:

/alculations show that surlus water is found to be %ore

than the utilisation of water. -ur state is not afford to waste this

flood water, so it %ay be roosed to construct so%e Buffer

da%s on the ustrea% catch%ent, where the land which co%es

under sub%ersion is not develoed. The flood water can be

stored only after lower 3eservoirs are filled u. This stored water

can be utilied in lean years, by having Link canals fro% Buffer

da%s to existing canals.

6ro% flood da%ages by the rivers in Bihar state, #.#)

crores oulation : C,H5) villages of !5 districts were affected

during $ete%ber #DD. *ccording to &ovt. reort the losses are

7 a? /ros of value 3s. !54.5C crores, b? 'a%ages valued at

3s. !!.!! crores for #,5D,"5) houses. The total loss was

esti%ated at H.5 crores. 3egarding da%ages in *ssa%, !#)

villages having total oulation of C",))) were in water. (n

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addition !4) villages having #,"4,))) oulations in the basin of

the Ma2auli 3iver were affected. This is only one such case.

There are %any such rivers, which will be in heavy floods al%ost

every year. These da%ages are occurring now and then and it is

necessary to divert such surlus waters to the states suffering

for require%ents of water.

*rrange%ents are to be %ade to divert such flood waters

to south for drought affected areas of the country. By doing so

the flood da%ages in these rivers will have areciable control.

Submersion of Lands:

(f the esti%ated quantity of #)#.C5 T.M./ water is utilied

for irrigation of one +harif se%i7dry cro, in a year, 4,C),)))

hectares of land could have been irrigated. (t is seen that the

sub%ersion of lands is only ",5! @ectares where areciable

area is only halla widths, halla %argins, 3ock outcros and

scrubs. o village will be sub%erged. Poulation is not affected.

These waters are roosed to be utilied only for ground water

recharge on a large scale and thereby suly of assured

drinking water to thousands of villages and Lakhs of oulation

and Live $tock as well. Water is roosed to be diverted fro%

west flowing hallas by gravity avoiding draining into the $ea.

(t is roosed to rovide nu%ber of 3elieving weirs all

along the garland canals wherever the sites are feasible, to

discharge heavy flash floods water. @owever to avoid heavy

discharge of water in the relieving weirs, higher caacity for the

canal than the required caacity as er design and extra free

board will also be rovided, so that the water available fro% the

catch%ent area is not allowed to go to sea as far as ossible.

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Demand for Water e!uirement

Water for @u%an 3equire%entE

@u%an beings require water for drinking, bathing, cleaning the

residential floors, washing clothes, utensils and sanitation etc.

The oulation has increased in the last decade by #DI in

these !! taluks of " 'istricts. $i%ilarly the Live $tock strength

has also increased. $o the require%ents of water during the

resent decade %ay increase by #DI. The available rain and

ground water is li%ited. $o there is urgent necessity to divert

west flowing river waters in large quantities to these areas. The

rural oulation of this area is HI and hence this roosal to

fill u all the tanks, to increase the availability of both surface

and ground water.

Water for /attle and *ll -ther Live $tockE

*ll live stock require water for drinking and to wash their body

every day. There are %ore than 5 lakhs Live $tock includingcattle and buffaloes.

*ssess%ent of 3equire%ent of Water for Men and Live $tockE

(t is difficult to assess the require%ent of water for the above two

uses. @owever it is esti%ated that about H4 gallons >!)H.4C

liters? water er head er day for the oulation to be benefitted

will be sufficient for both Men and Live $tock.

Water for (ndustriesE

Water is also required for 'evelo%ent of (ndustries. $o !.H4

T.M./ of water is rovided under this ite%.

Water to 6ill u


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during rainy season. (t is roosed to sule%ent about #5

T.M./ during rainy season and !) T.M./ >C4I of the reduced

caacity? during su%%er season.

(t is also roosed to suly about 4 T.M./ water to

8anivilasa $agar 3eservoir, as this reservoir is facing short

suly of water for a large nu%ber of years and the *tchkat

under this is suffering fro% want of water. By doing so the ryots

will grow sugarcane successfully each year.

*s the nu%ber of existing tanks are very less in the

roosed co%%and area it is necessary to have atleast one

Tank for each village for the benefit of Men : Live $tock, and

also to recharge ground water in all the village areas of this

co%%and area. *s such 5) T.M./ water in a year is %arked for

this urose. *s there will be no silt deosit in these new tanks

these require #) T.M./ water during rainy season assu%ing

other 4)I water will be received by rains and !) T.M./ during

su%%er season. By this total 5).)) T.M./ water is roosed for

new tanks.

The total quantity of water available fro% the two roosed

resources of water is #)#.C5 T.M./ and the de%and for suly

of water er year is #)#.!) T.M./.

Areas "ro#osed to be benefitted:

>*? /hikka%agaluru 'istrictE

a? Tarikere b? +adur 7 ! Taluks

>B? /hitradurga 'istrictE

a? /hitradurga b? @olalkere c?@osadurga

d? @iriyur e? /hallakere : f? %olakal%uru

7 " Taluks

>/? 'avanagere 'istrictE

a? Parts of 'avanagere b? Jagalur

c? Parts of /hannagiri : d?@araanahalli

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7 H Taluks

>'? Bellary 'istrictE

a? @adagali b? @.B.@alli c? Bellary

d? $andar : e? +udligi 7 4 Taluks>


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be recharge of ground water activity throughout the year, for

which results this sche%e is being roosed.

(n view of the resence of water in the Tanks throughout

the year large scale sweet water fishery develo%ent will take

lace. /onsequent to the above arrange%ent of 3echarge of

&round water, the ground water resources will be available in

al%ost all the villages at a shallow deth, there will be good

scoe for develo%ent of garden cros, $ericulture, 6loriculture,

etc. and cultivation of vegetables and fruits will have good

scoe.

$round Water echarge

The areas where the ground water recharge is arranged

are as noted belowE

a? Two %ain canals for a total length of about 4)!.C4 +%s and "

branch canals of total length C44.C4 +%s for a width of wettedcross section >Bed and side sloes?.

b? Tanks sub%ersion areas "5! @ectares

c? Bed width and sloes of good nu%ber of Minor canals.

(t is difficult to assess the total water sread area of all

the Tanks. @owever the recharge will take lace in very large

areas and in each Taluk.

3e7charge of &round water (n the Water $read *reas

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large extent. The unlined canals will also hel for recharge of

ground water.

Thus the require%ent of drinking water for hu%an beings

will be available, either in oen wells or in Bore wells deending

on the elevation of the lands, since the water table level rises, in

all the villages, the water required for hu%an beings for other

uroses and water required by all Livestock will also be

available in the Tanks.

De%elo#ment of Irrigation in the Second Stage:

There is a wide scoe for extending irrigational facilities

for so%e areas of this co%%and area in future also.

(t is exected that west flowing waters can be diverted to

east by installing reversible turbines. When this new concet to

our country is adoted, there will huge quantity of water

available to our state.

The total sown area of this region is #5.4H lakhs hectares

and the irrigation facilities are rovided for only !.5D lakhs

@ectares. The balance sown area of ##.#4 lakhs hectares are to

be rovided with irrigational facilities in the years to co%e as the

annual average rain fall in this region is only "5" %%. it can be

seen that so%e Taluks are having a rain fall as low as H)! %%.

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&C'L'$(

$ub%ersion *reas of 3eservoirs

The sub%ersion areas of Mini 3eservoirs and land

required for garland canals, though belong to 6orest

'eart%ent, so%e of these areas have only grass growth and

scrubs. There are rock outcros. The hallas and halla %argins

are encroached uon. o village will co%e under sub%ersion.

6ro% ##K## !! 3eservoirs of both etravathy and Tunga sub7

basin !#""KH""" "5! @ectares of land %ay get sub%erged.

6or this %agnitude of a sche%e to rovide 3echarge of

ground water on a large scale and assured suly of drinking

water to the acute drought areas of !! Taluks of " 'istricts. The

sub%ersion involved is very little, co%ared to irrigation or

ower generation sche%es, utilising this quantity of #)#.C5

T.M./ water. @ence this roosal has to be exe%ted and

er%ission given for sub%ersion of s%all forest areas.

Moisture in the $oil in the /o%%and *rea

This roosal for suly of drinking water to about 45 lakhs of

oulation : about 5 lakhs of Live stock and suly of water to

existing #HD tanks and to the roosed new tanks on a large

scale sread over to !) villages will kee the entire area cool

and there will be sufficient %oisture in the soil. This will hel the

afforestation work in the district forest areas which are in the

co%%and areas of this roosed ro2ect.

Afforestation of District Forests ) *arren Lands

There are %inor and district forest areas in the co%%and

area. These " districts have got about !."# lakhs hectares of

such %inor and s%all areas of forests. -ut of these areas, s%all

areas in %aidan forest lands have only s%all scrubs, excet in

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so%e very s%all areas here and there, where the 6orest

deart%ent has lanted


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of crores of ruees, in a eriod of #4 years, though not in #4

years.

$o it is necessary to take u a suitable sche%e in a

%aidan area of about #)) acres to lant teak wood trees. (f the

result of such a sche%e is favourable, afforestation in all such

%aidan forest areas can be taken u.

Affect on Do.nstream of 0etra%ath1 Due to +his

"ro#osed Scheme

$o%e


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are ending sanction since nu%ber of years. $o if there is any

scarcity in this field these two ro2ects can be i%le%ented.

&colog1 ,o%ement 2 De%elo#ment:

(n the na%e of %aintenance of


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Cost of the Scheme ) Finance:

The esti%ate cost of this $che%e will be very %oderate

and reasonable for adotion when co%ared to various

other 'rinking water suly ro2ects and in addition other

benefits will be derived.

The entire cost of desilting : 3estoration of Tanks, and

art of the cost of this sche%e can be had by adoting

new concet for desilting of tank beds.

This is %ainly a drinking water sche%e for hu%an beings

and all Live $tock and for ground water recharge on a

large scale. 6urther this sche%e will avoid 6lood

da%ages, ro%otes fishery develo%ent on a large

scale. @ence the /entral &ovt. will have to be

aroached for financial assistance, under various heads

of accounts.

(t is learnt that loans are available fro% .3.(., *%erican

Trusts :Trusts in Middle


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Field Sur%e1s:

The Traditional %ethod of conducting 6ield $urveys for

@ead Works and canals will require %ore ti%e and also costly.

$o it is roosed to entrust this work to the 3e%ote

$ensing Technology 'eart%ent under $tate &ovt. for suly of

Block level lans for all da% sites, Longitudinal and /ross

sections of canals and Block level lans for all /.'. works etc.

By doing so, this work can be co%leted %ore accurately in a

less eriod of ti%e with less cost. @ence it is reco%%ended to

entrust this work to the above deart%ent.

Summar1 of Se%eral *enefits A%ailable b1 this

Scheme:

#. *ssured Per%anent 'rinking and other require%ents

of water for 4!.#5 lakhs oulation residing in drought

affected areas of !) villages and !! towns of !!

Taluks of " 'istricts.

!. 6illing u of water to existing #HD tanks and the

roosed new tanks twice a year.

5. *rrange%ents are %ade to have water in all the Tanks

during su%%er %onths also.

H. *ssured suly of water required for all Live $tock of

5C.! lakhs in this area, even in su%%er %onths.

4. $uly of H.)) T.M./ water to 8anivilasa $agar

reservoir in @iriyur Taluk.

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". There is scoe for large scale 6ishery develo%ent in

tanks throughout the year.

C. By utilising about "D.DH T.M./ Tunga 3iver water for

this sche%e, the da%ages occurring near $hi%oga

and other laces will be avoided.

. *ll tanks will be restored to original caacity and

strengthened and also desilted.

D. ew tanks are roosed to be constructed and so%e

tanks caacities will be increased. (f favourable sites

are available then without required catch%ent area

and yield of water, new tanks %ay be constructed, so

that there will be one tank to each village.

#).Tanks bed waste land area is reclai%ed for

*gricultural oerations by desilting.

##. &ovt. will get several thousands of crores of ruees

by selling the reclai%ed land of the tanks beds by

Public *uction.

#!.3echarge of ground water will be in oeration

throughout the year, without extra cost fro% large

areas of tanks water sreads and wetted areas of

4)!.C4 +%s %ain canals and C4H +%s branch :

%inor canals.

#5.The at%oshere of !) 8illages will be cool, since all

the tanks will have water throughout the year.

#H.By decreasing the starting bed levels of garland

canals, it is ossible to have %ore catch%ent area

and consequent yield. By reducing the bed fall of both

the service canals, %ore area can be co%%anded.

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C'0CLUSI'0:

-nly states in our /ountry are 'rought affected. *bout

!# ercent of the country0s drought area is in +arnataka state

alone. 1ears of greatest distress in " districts of our state were

the years of considerable rainfall on the Western &hats.

Therefore heavy invest on this roosed &ravity 'iversion

ro2ect is a worthy invest%ent, Benefits once achieved, last for

centuries and an insurance against shortfall in food also, in

addition to 3echarge of ground water and there by assured

suly of drinking water to about 45 lakhs of oulation and 5

lakhs Live stock. 6uture generation can concentrate on other

roble%s and achieve greater success without being constantly

faced with the necessity of urchasing food and cla%our for

drinking water to Men and Live stock.

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&F&&0C&S:

% Modified Preli%inary 3eort 6or 'iversion of etravathy

and Tunga 3ivers $urlus Water by &ravity for *ssured

$uly of 'rinking Water : &round Water 3echarge for

!! drought affected Taluks of " districts : 8.8.$agar

3eservoir.

% &oogle.

% Wiki edia.

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gravity diversion of rivers

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