grass genera ii (spikelets with two or more florets)
TRANSCRIPT
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GRASS GENERA II(Spikelets with Two or More
Florets)
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(Exceptions: Panicoid Spikelet)
e.g., Cenchrus, Digitaria, Echinochloa, Eriochloa, Panicum, Paspalum, Setaria, Urochloa
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(Exceptions: (Inflorescence with Rames)
e.g., Bothriochloa, Schizachyrium, Sorghum
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I) TALL ORNAMENTALS
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Cortaderia selloana(Pampas Grass)
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Arundo donax(Giant Reed)
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II) STOLONIFEROUS MAT-FORMERS
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Dasyochloa pulchella(Fluffgrass)
• Spikelets very pubescent• Low, prostrate perennial• Leaf blades white-edged• Stoloniferous
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Munroa squarrosa(False Buffalo-Grass)
• All florets in spikelets perfect• Leaves wide, reflexed
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III) INFLORESCENCE UNBRANCHED SPIKES
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Agropyron(Crested Wheatgrass)
• Spikelets strongly overlapping• Spikelets diverge from rachis at a 40o angle
(Compare with Elymus)
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Elymus (Rye Grass)
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Elymus (Ryegrass)
• More than one Floret per Spikelet
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Elymus (Ryegrass)
(Cespitose or Rhizomatous)
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Elymus (Ryegrass)
• Cartilaginous Ligule
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Elymus(One Spikelet per Node)
Rhizomatous•E. hispidus (Pubescent
Wheatgrass)•E. lanceolatus (Thickspike Wheatgrass)•E. repens (Quackgrass)•E. smithii (Western Wheatgrass)
Cespitose (Clump-Forming)•E. arizonicus (Arizona Wheatgrass)•E. elongatus (Tall Wheatgrass)•E. spicatus (Bluebunch Wheatgrass)•E. trachycaulus (Wheatgrass)
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Elymus(More than One Spikelet per Node)
Rachis Fragile• E. longifolius (Long-Leaved
Squirrel Tail)
Rachis Persistent; Awns Straight• E. glaucus (Blue Wildrye)
Rachis Persistent; Awns Curved• E. canadensis (Canada Wildrye)
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Elymus longifolius (= Sitanion hystrix)(Long-leaved Squirrel Tail)
• Common perennial• Fragile Rachis
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Scleropogon (Burrograss)
• Stolons
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Pleuraphis (Tobosa; Galleta)
• Rhizomatous• Spikelets three at nodes • Apex of glumes, lemmas blunt to dull-pointed
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Pleuraphis
P. mutica (Tobosa)Glumes broadest above middle
P. jamesii (Galleta)Glumes broadest at middle
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Hilaria berlangeri (Curly Mesquite)
• Plants similar to Pleuraphis, but stoloniferous
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IV) INFLORESCENCE WITHSPICIFORM BRANCHES
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Bouteloua
• Spicate branches arranged in a raceme• Spicate branches one-sided
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Bouteloua (annual)
B. barbata (Six-Weeks Grama)
B. simplex (Mat Grama)
B. aristoides(Needle Grama)
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Bouteloua (Perennial)(Spicate branches fifteen or more)
B. curtipendula (Side-oats grama)
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Bouteloua (Perennial) (Spicate branches thirteen or fewer)
B. gracilis(blue grama)
B. hirsuta(hairy grama)
B. eriopoda(black grama)
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Bouteloua gracilis (Blue Grama)(High Forage Value, Increaser with Grazing)
• Cespitose • Glabrous Internodes
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Bouteloua eriopoda (Black Grama)(High Forage Value, Decreaser with Grazing)
• Hairy Lower Internodes• Stoloniferous
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Bouteloua dactyloides (=Buchloe dactyloides)Buffalo Grass
Spike of Male Spikelets
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Leptochloa(Green Sprangletop)
• Spicate branches arranged in a raceme• Spicate branches two- or more sided
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• Spicate branches arranged in an umbel• Florets dimorphic within each spikelet
Chloris (Windmill Grass)
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Chloris
*C. virgata (Showy Windmill Grass)
*C. verticillata(Tumble Windmill Grass)
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V) INFLORESCENCE A RACEME OR PANICLE
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Eragrostis (Lovegrass, Stinkgrass)
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Eragrostis
• Hairy Ligule
• Open Sheath
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Eragrostis
• Spikelets usually lead/gray• Florets closely imbricate (= closely overlapping)• Lemmas three-nerved• Paleas often persisent on rachilla (i.e., they don’t fall off when lemmas do)
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Eragrostis (annual weeds)
*E. cilianensis E. pectinacea
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Eragrostis (perennials)
E. intermedia (Plains Lovegrass)E. curvula (Weeping Lovegrass)
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Bromus (Bromegrass; Cheatgrass)
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Bromus
• Cartilaginous Ligule
• Closed Sheath
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Bromus
• Spikelets Bright Green
• Multiple Florets /Spikelet
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Bromus – (Annual)
*B. japonicus (Japanese Brome) *B. tectorum (Downy Chess)
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Bromus - Perennial
* B. inermis (Smooth Brome)
• Rhizomatous
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Bromus – Perennial
*B. cartharticus (Rescue Grass)
• Cespitose•Flattened Spikelets
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Bromus – Perennial
B. anomalous (Nodding Brome), B. ciliatus (Fringed Brome)B. frondosus (Weeping Brome), B. porteri (Porter’s Brome)
• Cespitose• Spikelets Not Flattened
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*Dactylis (Orchard Grass)
• Compact, Contracted Panicle
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Dactylis (Orchard Grass)
• Tall Cartilaginous Ligule
• Closed Sheath
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Festuca (Fescue) Poa (Bluegrass)
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PoaFestuca
Open Sheath, Cartilaginous Ligule
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Festuca (Fescues)
Open Sheath
Cartilaginous Ligule
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Festuca
Awn-Tipped Lemmas
Glabrous Florets
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Festuca
Leaves flat, wider than 3 mm wide*
F. arundinacea (tall fescue)
F. pratensis (meadow fescue)
•Wide-Leaved Festucas now placed in Schedonorus
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Festuca
Leaves rolled, < 3 mm wide
* F. arizonica (Arizona fescue)F. ovina (blue fescue)F. rubra (red fescue)
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Poa (Bluegrass; Muttongrass)
Upper “Boat-Shaped” Leaf
Open Sheath;Cartilaginous Ligule
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Poa (Bluegrass; Muttongrass)
Pubescent Florets (Usually)
No Awns
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Poa
P. pratensis (Kentucky bluegrass)P. compressa (Canada bluegrass)Lawn Grasses
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Poa
• P. fendleriana (Muttongrass)
Forest, Woodland Grasses
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Koeleria (Junegrass)
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Koeleria macrantha
• Inflorescence a contracted panicle
• A perennial cool-season grass found in woodlands and forests at mid- to upper elevations
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Vulpia octoflora (Six-Weeks Fescue)
• Inflorescence a narrow raceme or panicle
•A low ANNUAL grass of dry, disturbed land
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Vulpia
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Enneapogon (Pappusgrass)
• Inflorescence a contracted panicle
• Lemma with multiple cobwebby awns
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Enneapogon (Pappusgrass)
• Grass of the Chihuahuan desert
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WHO AM I?
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WHO AM I?
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WHO AM I?
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WHO AM I?
Spike of Male Spikelets
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WHO AM I?
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WHO AM I?
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WHO AM I?
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WHO AM I?
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WHO AM I?
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WHO AM I?
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WHO AM I?
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WHO AM I?
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WHO AM I?
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WHO AM I?
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WHO AM I?
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WHO AM I?
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WHO AM I?(Annual; Flowers in March-April)
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WHO AM I?
(Stolons)
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Grasses with ≥ 2 Florets per Spikelet*
A) Tall Ornamentals: Arundo, Cortaderia
B) Stoloniferous Mat Formers: Dasyochloa, Munroa
C) Inflorescence Unbranched Spikes: Agropyron,Elymus, Pleuraphis, Hilaria
D) Inflorescence with Spiciform Branches: Bouteloua,Chloris, Leptochloa
E) Inflorescence a Raceme of Panicle: Eragrostis, Bromus, Dactylis, Festuca, Poa, Koeleria, Vulpia, Enneapogon
*[Excluded: Panicoid Grasses and Grasses with Rames]