Title: Graphs And Charts

By

Salem Almadhun

Outlines:Overview

The difference between graph and chart

Advantages of using graphs and charts

Guidelines for Formatting Graphs and Charts

Tools to Create Charts and Graphs

Types of Charts and Graphs

Line Chart Bar Chart Pie Chart

Histogram Pareto Chart Gantt Chart

Conclusion

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OverviewGraphs and charts condense large amounts of information

into easy-to-understand formats that clearly and effectively

communicate important points.

In selecting how best to present your data, think about the

purpose of your graph or chart and what you want to

present, then decide which variables you want to include

and whether they should be expressed as frequencies,

percentages, or categories.

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The difference between graph and chart

Charts and graphs are a means of displaying data in a way

that's easy to understand and analysis. Through lines, bars

or other visual representations, both charts and graphs

illustrate relationships between sets of data so that anyone

can understand them.

Even though charts and graphs are often used in the same

sentence to explain the illustration of data, the terms are not

interchangeable.

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Cont...

Some scientists have defined graphs and charts as :

A graph is an abstract representation of a set of

objects where some pairs of the objects are

connected by links.

A chart is a visual representation of data, in which

the data are represented by symbols such as bars in

a bar chart or lines in a line chart.

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Advantages of using graphs and charts

When you display information in charts and

graphs it is easier to understand and interpret the

data. In turn this makes the business reporting

process that much easier and meaningful.

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Cont..

These are some advantages of using a graphs and charts:

1) Shows the relationship between changing things.

2) Displaying the relationship between numbers or amounts.

3) The easiest ways to compare numbers.

4) Used to present facts in visual form.

5) Graphs can be used to illustrate many types of data.

6) More interesting than just talk or print.

7) To show and compare changes.

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Guidelines for Formatting Graphs and Charts

Keep it simple and avoid flashy special effects.

Present only essential information. Avoid using gratuitous options in

graphical software programs, such as 3D bars, that confuse the

reader. If the graph or chart is too complex, it will not clearly

communicate the important points.

Title your graph or chart clearly to convey the purpose.

The title provides the reader with the overall message you are

conveying.

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Cont..

Specify the right units of measurement.

Years, number of participants trained, and type of school personnel

are examples of labels for units of measurement.

Label each part of the chart or graph.

You may need a legend if there is too much information to label

each part of the chart or graph.

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There are many of them, which is divided into:

Basic Charts and Graphs:

1) Line Chart

2) Bar Chart

3) Pie Chart

Specialized Charts and Graphs:

1) Histogram

2) Pareto Chart

3) Gantt Chart

Types of Charts and Graphs

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Some Charts and Graphs softwares:

1) Microsoft Office Excel

2) Graphs Made Easy

3) Diagram Designer

Sites for online creating a Chart or Graph:

1) http://www.richchartlive.com

2) http://www.icharts.net

3) http://www.chartle.net

Tools to Create Charts and Graphs

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Line Chart

Data that is arranged in columns or rows on a

worksheet can be plotted in a line chart.

Line chart should used if the category labels are

text, and are representing evenly spaced values

such as months, quarters, or fiscal years.

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Line Chart

Example :

– Month Sales

– January $10000

– February $12000

– March $18000

– April $11000

– May $9000

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Bar Chart

Bar chart are a type of graph that are used to display and

compare the number, frequency or other measure (e.g.

mean) for different discrete categories of data.

Bar charts are useful for displaying data that are classified

into nominal or ordinal categories. Nominal data are

categorized according to descriptive or qualitative

information such as country of birth, or subject studied at

university.

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Pie Chart

Data that is arranged in one column or row only

can be plotted in a pie chart. Pie charts show the

size of items in one data series, proportional to the

sum of the items. The data points in a pie chart are

displayed as a percentage of the whole pie.

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Cont..

Consider using a pie chart when:

1) You only have one data series that you want to plot.

2) None of the values that you want to plot are negative.

3) Almost none of the values that you want to plot are

zero values.

4) It is better if you don't dispaly more than seven

categories.

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Cont..Example :

Retail Channel Sales

→Department Stores $637.166

→Discount Stores $721.630

→Men's/Women's Specialty Stores $148.662

→ Juvenile Specialty Stores $78.662

→All other outlets $90.000

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Histogram Chart

A Histogram is a graphical display of data using bars of

different heights.

It is similar to a Bar Chart, but a histogram groups numbers

into ranges and you decide what ranges to use.

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Pareto chartPareto chart is a type of chart that contains both bars and a line

graph, where individual values are represented in descending

order by bars, and the cumulative total is represented by the line.

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Gantt chartA Gantt chart is a horizontal bar chart developed as a production

control tool in 1917 by Henry L. Gantt.

Frequently used in project management, a Gantt chart provides

a graphical illustration of a schedule that helps to plan,

coordinate, and track specific tasks in a project.

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Conclusion

We conclude from the previous Presentation that

there is a large number of shapes and diagrams

that have a very big interest in clarifying the

reports and to facilitate the study of the data, as

well as to identify many of the problems identified

by the information extracted from the data.

Thank you