grammar – unit 1 lessons 1-17

GRAMMAR – UNIT 1 LESSONS 1-17

Parts of Speech –Part 1

Nouns and Verbs

UNIT 1 - LESSON 1------

Topic: Grammar

UNIT 1 - LESSON 1------Topic: Parts of Speech

Critical Question: Why is it beneficial to know the parts of speech?

• Parts of Speech The function of different groups of words

–Construct sentences –Punctuation–Common Language with professionals–HSAP

Useful???

SUMMARY

• In a sentence or two, answer your critical question.

GRAMMAR MATTERS ------

UNIT 1 - LESSON 2------Topic: Grammar

Critical Question: What are nouns and how are they used in sentences?

NOUNSperson, place, thing

common:Capitalization

Proper:General- lowercaseSpecific- Capitalize

Thing One:

Thing Two:

concrete

abstract

COPY AND CORRECT THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES. • jin song ran across tiananmen square.

• A girl ran across the square.

• margarette spied the eiffel tower.

• A woman spied a tower.

• witi ihimaera called to the whales.

• A man called to moby dick.

http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.beijingholiday.com/assets/images/attractions/tiananmen/tiananmen-square.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.beijingholiday.com/photo/tiananmen-square.html&h=162&w=228&sz=8&tbnid=7MRE0Etgi1ZpIM&tbnh=0&tbnw=0&prev=/search?q=tian+an+men+square&tbm=isch&tbo=u&zoom=1&q=tian+an+men+square&usg=__RH2mCJKGY3UDKtHTYfwoKngZPkU=&docid=Kz9oC_-XzMpxaM&sa=X&ei=J9IRUMK4HMKT6wHq4oHIDQ&ved=0CHMQ1Rc

http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Tour_Eiffel_Wikimedia_Commons.jpg/220px-Tour_Eiffel_Wikimedia_Commons.jpg&imgrefurl=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eiffel_Tower&h=215&w=116&sz=7&tbnid=Ntr230jWJhWvxM&tbnh=0&tbnw=0&prev=/search?q=eiffel+tower&tbm=isch&tbo=u&zoom=1&q=eiffel+tower&usg=__lb9RUyjj1Dd63gcP5lirHuVsV38=&docid=mns_2TCW90xjeM&sa=X&ei=l9IRULyfF6TW6wHOhIEQ&ved=0CI4BENUX

COPY AND CORRECT THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES.

• louise erdrich wrote a book called tracks.

• gabriel walked to machu pichu.

• marc matabane wrote about south africa.

• A man wrote about a province in africa.

http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/80_-_Machu_Picchu_-_Juin_2009_-_edit.2.jpg/270px-80_-_Machu_Picchu_-_Juin_2009_-_edit.2.jpg&imgrefurl=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machu_Picchu&h=162&w=166&sz=10&tbnid=N8M9AOYhARDs8M&tbnh=0&tbnw=0&prev=/search?q=machu+picchu&tbm=isch&tbo=u&zoom=1&q=machu+picchu&usg=__pRfW-cRL5BzQpatfmuDrB4J7FrA=&docid=eVA4NNcAo4Y04M&sa=X&ei=F9MRULm2Eqaf6QHS_YDoDA&ved=0CJQBENUX

SUMMARY



Topic: Parts of Speech

Critical Question:


Critical Question: How are nouns made plural???

• To make most nouns plural ---add an s

Add s to make abbreviations plural

• If the word ends in y, look at the letter before the y–vowel–consonant

Add an es

Exception to the y rules:

ch, sh, x, or z

Family name or a product name: Add an s

Add an s

Change the y to an i and add es

Words that end in o

Memorize the spellings

SUMMARY




Critical Question:

• Compound Nouns Nouns made up of more than one wordEX: brother –in-law

add an s When making compound nouns plural, ------------- on the important noun.

Examples: brothers-in-law, runners-up.

A few nouns you just have to memorize mice

deer- tooth- child

teethchildren

oxenknives

- ox- knife

mousedeer

With some plural forms, you do have a choice :

When in doubt, check a ______________. The first plural form listed is the one that is the most common.

dictionary

Computer mouseCactusIndexBus

mice or mousescacti or cactusesindices or indexesBuses or busses

SUMMARY




Critical Question:

Lesson 5 - Verbs A ________ is a word that

_____________________, _____ another verb to a subject , _______ another verb or, or merely indicates ___________.

verbshows action

links helps

existence

Recognize the Types Action Linking Helping

SUMMARY




Critical Question:

Action Verbs An ________

verb expresses __________ or________action.

Physical Action:

___________________________________________________

Mental Action: _______________________________________

verb

physicalmental

Kick, swallowspeak, build, close

ponder, believe,consider, imagine

Linking Verbs A ________ verb does not express action; it _____________ a word (a noun, pronoun, or adjective that identifies or describes the subject) in the _____________ to the ___________.

Linking Verbs

AmIsAreWasWereBe BeingBeen

Taste FeelSmellSoundLookStayAppearBecomeSeem GrowRemain

linking

links

predicatesubject

Helping Verbs A _________ verb helps the main verb to make a statement. A verb ______ is a main verb and its ________verbs. This phrase can be interrupted by other verbs.

Helping Verbs

AmIsAreWasWereBe BeingBeen

Have Has Had Do Did Does

Shall Will Should Will May Might Must Can Could

helping

phrase

helping

SUMMARY




Critical Question:

VERBSLinking Helping Action

BEING

Action Verbs and Linking Verbs Action

verbs describe action.RunJumpSwim

Linking or being verbs describe a state of being.

linking verbs are not about action but about connecting other words together.

The verb to be is the basic linking verb.The word is a form of the verb to be.

Squiggly is yellow.Squiggly yellow.is

note:

Action or Linking – Practice 1. The monkey looked hungry.

2. The monkey looked for food.

3. The soup tasted good.

4. I tasted the soup.

5. He grew into a tall man.

6. He grew tired of walking.

7. Mother appeared happy at her party.

8. Mother appeared quietly in the room.

9. The bugle sounded loudly.

10. The bugle sounds loud.

Linking Action

Linking Action

Action Linking

Linking Action

Action Linking

SUMMARY




Critical Question:

VERBS•Linking • Helping• Action

BEING

To be

To Be:Simple Forms of Present Past

I am wasshe/he/it is waswe/you/they are were

Others that Link ….

• Seem• Appear• Look• Become

Verbs that describe the senses….

• Feel• smell

NOTE: There are at least 60 linking verbs in the English language.

SUMMARY




Critical Question:

Action verbs are either transitive or intransitive.• Transitive verbs

express action upon a direct object.

• The dog bit me.• She appealed the decision.• I dropped my backpack.

• Intransitive verbs do not express action upon a direct object.

• The rain poured through the open window.

• The experiment failed.• The backpack dropped into

the mud.

Transitive / Intransitive A ________ verb is a verb that has _________

of the action to complete its meaning.

transitive receiver

An ________ verb is a verb that does ______ have a __________ of the action.

intransitive notreceiver

Transitive / Intransitive Some verbs can be ________ or __________

depending on how they are used.transitive intransitive

Transitive verbs _________ action to an object and if you take the object out, it doesn’t make sense.

transfer

Michael hit the ball. transitive

SUMMARY



Topic: VoiceCritical Question:

UNIT 1 - LESSON 10------Topic: Voice

Critical Question:

Transitive Verbs have Voice.

• Active voice – the subject is doing the action.

• Sharon made mistakes.• The dog bit him.• I dropped the backpack.

• Passive voice – the subject is receiving the action.

• Use passive sparingly. • If the doer of the action is

unknown.• If the object is more

important than the doer of the action.

• Many errors were made in the yearbook captions.

Active or Passive – Practice 1. A delicious aroma was sent through the house by the baking lasagna.

2. The daVinci masterpiece was hung in the Louvre in Paris.

3. Pepe left the water running in the bathtub.

4. Someone broke the window while we were away.

5. John guarantees a splendid time for us all.

6. Many errors were made in the baseball game.

7. Alex made many errors in the baseball game.

8. The mechanic replaced the car’s shock absorbers.

9. I am expected at home at midnight by my parents.

10. Praise for a job well done is appreciated by everyone.

passive Passive

active active

active passive active

activepassive

passive

Change the passive voice to the active 1. A delicious aroma was sent through the house by

the baking lasagna.

2. The daVinci masterpiece was hung in the Louvre in Paris.

3. Many errors were made in the baseball game.

4. I am expected at home at midnight by my parents.

5. Praise for a job well done is appreciated by everyone.

SUMMARY




Critical Question:

Complications……

• A tip – See if you can replace the verb with a form of to be. If so, it is probably a linking verb.

• We grow tired.

• We are tired.

• It tastes salty.

• It is salty.

• He smells badly.

• He is badly.

Some verbs can be both linking verbs and action verbs.

Linking

Linking

Action

Every complete sentence contains two parts:

•a subject

• The subject is what (or whom) the sentence is about,

• a predicate.

• The predicate tells something about the subject.

She ate pizza.She pizza

SUMMARY



Topic: Misused VerbsCritical Question:

UNIT 1 - LESSON 12------Topic: Misused Verbs

Critical Question:

A few commonly misused verbs:

Sit – to be seated

…. Sit & Set I always ________ near a window.

Please _______ the plant near the window. Set – to put

or place something

sit

set


Rise – to go up

…. Rise & Raise

________ your hands.

Please _______ the and recite the poem.

Raise – to lift something

raise

rise


Lie – to recline

…. Lie & LayShe ________ down to nap.

Please _______ the book here. Lay –to put

or play something.

lies

lay

SUMMARY




Critical Question:


rise and raise sit and set lie and lay

And others … Affect – to influence Effect – to accomplish or

the result of an action

Bring – movement toward you

Take – movement away from you

Can – ability May – permission

Imply – to suggest Infer – To draw a

conclusion

Learn – To obtain knowledge

Teach – to give instruction

Let – to allow Leave – to go away from

or to cause to remain

Review Lesson 1 • Figures of Speech • Nouns• Plural • Verbs

SUMMARY




Critical Question:

Verbs Reflect Time

Verb Tenses:Verbs come in three varieties: Past Present Future

Yesterday Today Tomorrow

Roy is here.

Roy was here.

Roy will be here.

PresentPastFuture

SUMMARY




Critical Question:

Each verb tense can be further sliced into more categories.

The end of the action is unknown or unimportant.

The action has ended or will end; it is complete or will be completed.

simple perfect

The captain swims.

The captain has swum.

simpleperfect

The action is ongoing, progressing, or will be ongoing; it is continuous.

The action progressed for a while before it ended or before it will end.

progressive Perfect progressive

The captain is swimming.

The captain has been swimming.

progressive

Perfect progressive

Simple ---- but complicated.

I want chocolate. Put the chocolate in the bowl. She eats Chocolate.

Simple present can describe a state (wanting, thinking, feeling), an instantaneous action (an instruction, a brief action), or a habit– an ongoing or repeated action (sneezing, editing, reading).

INSTANTANEOUS

STATE

HABITUAL

SUMMARY




Critical Question:

Verbs – Regular & Irregular Regular verbs follow a pattern: you make them past tense by adding d or ed.

share sharedmow mowed

Irregular Verbs- do not follow a pattern:

DrewWentFlung

drawed? Goed? flinged?

Conjugation rules from

the past ….

Why?????

Common Irregular Verbs Am Do Draw Fling Go Run Say See Sit

… Was… Did… Drew… Flung

… Went… Ran… Said

… Saw

… Sat

SUMMARY




Critical Question:

Verbs can be moody!!!

moMoo

mood

moody

Verbs can be moody!!!

MoodVerbs can be:

commanding (imperative) matter-of-fact (indicative) doubtful or wishful (subjunctive)

imperative

Don’t talk to me!imperativeSquiggly ate too much.indicativeI wish I were a rock starsubjunctive

indicativesubjunctiveCOMMANDING MATTER-OF-FACT DOUBTFUL or WISHFUL

If I were a rich girl The mood of the verb to be, when you use the phrase I were, is called the subjunctive mood.

A subjunctive verb is used to communicate such feelings as wishfulness, hopefulness,and imagination.

SUMMARY


If I were ….I were often follows if because if often means you are wishing or imagining.

In a subjunctive sentence, the verb is also often accompanied by a statement using wishful words like would or could.

If Aardvark were famous, his face would be on the one-dollar bill.

grammar – unit 1 lessons 1-17

Documents

grammar unit

grammar critical question

grammar matters

compound nouns nouns

compound nouns plural

nouns person

action verbs

plural forms