grammar notebook
TRANSCRIPT
Grammar Notebook
Erika Pitman
Table of Contents3. Preterit4. Preterit trigger
words5. Car, gar, zar6. Spock verbs7. Snake verbs8. Snakey verbs9. Cucaracha verbs
(irregular)10. Imperfect11. Imperfect trigger
words
12. Imperfect irregulars13. Preterit v. Imperfect14. Ser v. Estar 15. Verbs like gustar16. Comparatives/superlatives17. Transition/connector
words18. Future19. Future trigger words20. Future Irregulars21. Por22. Para
Preterite
AR ER/IR
ѐ í
Aste iste
O ío
Amos imos
Aron ieron
They are added to the verb without the ar/er/ir ending
** there are exceptions
Preterit Trigger words
Para el pasado
Más reciente
Una acciόn que interrumpe
ayer- yesterday
Por un hora- for an hour
Una vez- one time
Por fin- at (for) the end
Ya- already
Car, gar, zar
Qué gué cé
Caste gaste zatse
Cό gό zό
Camos gamos zamos
Caron garon zaron
Spock verbs
Ir ser dar ver
hacer
FuiFuisteFue FuimosFueron
DiDisteDioDimosDieron
ViVisteVioVimosVieron
HaceHicisteHizoHicimosHicieron
Snake verbsOnly changes in third person
E-I
Compartir
Repitir
Servir
Pedir
Preferir
Venir
Sentir
O-U Dormir
Morir
Snakey verbs
Change in 3rd
I-Y Oir
E-YLeer
Creer
Cucaracha verbs (Irregular Preterit)• Andar Anduve
• Estar Estuve
• Poner Puse
• Poder Pude
• Querer Quise
• Saber Supe
• Venir Vine
**Irregulars don’t have accents
Imperfect
Ar • Aba• Abas• Aba• Abamos• Aban
Er/Ir• Ía• Ías• Ía• Íamos• Ían
*endings are added when ar/er/ir suffix is removed
Imperfect trigger words
• Ir ser ver• Iba era veÍa• Ibas eras veÍas• Iba era veÍa• Íbamos ѐramos veÍamos• Iban eran veÍan
Imperfect irregularsEl pasado muy distante
Una accion que continua
Todos los días- everyday
Cada día – each day
Siempre- always
A veces- sometimes
Los lunes- on Mondays
Frecuentamente - frequently
Preterit vs. Imperfect
PreteritCompleted actionsBeginning or end
Past actionNarrative of past events
Specific events Recent
Interrupted action
ImperfectOngoing past action
Habitual past action eventsDescribe
physical/emotional statesBackground information
like location, time, weatherDistant past
Continuing action
Can be used togetherin stories and the news
Ser v. EstarDoctor PedDescriptionOccupation
CharacteristicsTimeorigin
RelationshipsPlace EventsDates
HelpingHealth
EmotionsLocation
Present conditionIng- ando, iendo,
yendo
Verbs like Gustar
Abburir encantar faltar Fascinar
importar interesar molestar Quedar
caer doler disgustar apetecer
When they are followed by infitives, they are used in the singular form. They are not conjugated to the subject but rather the object.
Comparatives/ superlatives
Comparatives
grandeMás grande que…El más grande de
todos
MenosMenos feroz que..El menos feroz del
mundo
Superlatives
Bueno- mejorMalo- peor
Viejo- mayorJoven- menor
Connector words
Aunque- even though
También- also
Mientras-while
A pesar de- in spite of
Por lo tanto-therefore
Sin embargo/ no obstante- nevertheless
Future
infinitive+éInfinitive+ásInfinitive+á
Infinitive+emosInfinitive+éisInfinitive+ án
infinitive+éInfinitive+ásInfinitive+á
Infinitive+emosInfinitive+éisInfinitive+ án
infinitive+éInfinitive+ásInfinitive+á
Infinitive+emosInfinitive+éisInfinitive+ án
-AR -ER -IR
Future trigger words
Mañana
En el proximo año
En tres días
Después de miercoles
Future irregulars• Decir – dir• Hacer- har• Poner- pondr• Salir- saldr• Tener-tendr• Valer- valdr• Venir- vendr• Poder-podr• Querer- querr• Saber- sabr• Caber-cabr• Haber-habr • ** hay- habrá: there will be
THEY ALL KEEP THE SAME ENDINGS OF THE REGULAR FUTURE VERBS
Por
Passing through- PORtal
General rather than specific location-PORtugal
How long something lasts -PORever
The cause of something- PORpose
An exchange- imPORt/exPORt
Doing something in place of or instead of someone else- I’m POR pay for me
A means of transportation- transPORtation
Para
For whom something is done- surprise PARty
Destination- PARAguay
The purpose for which something is done- PARAsite
To express an opinion- PARAdon me
To contrast or compare- ComPARA
To express the idea of a deadline- PARAmedic